India Transport and Climate Profile 2026
Outline
INDIA
TRANSPORT AND CLIMATE PROFILE
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Background
India's transport sector faces a pivotal moment, needing to meet the mobility demands of 1.5 billion people while also addressing climate change. In 2024, it emitted 352.9 million tonnes of greenhouse gases, about 8% of the entire economy's emissions. Although transport-related CO2 emissions increased by 6.8% annually before the Paris Agreement, this growth rate has slowed to 3.3% per year since then. A significant reduction in carbon intensity reflects this slowdown; emissions per unit of GDP decreased from 44.6 gCO2e/USD in 2000 to 21.8 gCO2e/USD in 2024, well below the Asia-Pacific average of 29.0 gCO2e/USD.
India's transport energy profile is primarily driven by road transit, though it is gradually shifting structurally. Road transport dominates, accounting for 93% of the sector's greenhouse gas emissions and consuming 81% of energy. Domestic flights and rail contribute 4% and 2%, respectively. There's a positive trend toward diversification: oil consumption in transport has decreased from 96% in 2015 to 78% in 2023. Meanwhile, biofuels and electricity use have increased to 6% and 5%. The rail sector leads in electrification, with electric traction rising from 33% in 2010 to 65% in 2023, supporting the goal of achieving net-zero emissions by 2030.
To address the challenges of rapid urbanization, India has significantly expanded its mass transit capacity. Rapid transit infrastructure grew from 1.8 kilometers per million urban residents in 2015 to 3.4 kilometers in 2024, with a total network reaching 1,816 kilometers (comprising 1,482 km of metro, 259 km of BRT, and 75 km of LRT). Despite this expansion, a substantial accessibility gap remains: among 1,235 urban agglomerations, only 10% provide high-level access (with at least half the population within 500 meters of public transport). Furthermore, in 39% of Indian cities, 80% of residents still lack convenient access to public transit, highlighting the need for continued investment in the "Shift" and "Avoid" components of sustainable transport planning to complement the "Improve" focus on vehicle technology.
India's geographic and socio-economic context makes its transport networks highly susceptible to climate-induced disruptions. Since 2000, the country has faced nearly 400 recorded natural disasters—predominantly flooding (52%) and storms (27%)—affecting 1.1 billion people and causing damage exceeding USD 157.8 billion. The transport sector faces potential average annual losses of USD 534.2 million, with the burden shared equally between road and rail assets (48% each). Vulnerability is particularly acute in coastal regions, where 3% of the population resides in low-elevation zones threatened by sea-level rise. Furthermore, under a 4.5 degree warming scenario, over 32% of India's road and rail infrastructure could be exposed to extreme precipitation, emphasizing the urgent need for climate-informed design standards and resilient asset management.
The strategic direction of India's low carbon transport policy is defined by its Updated First Nationally Determined Contribution (2022) and the Long-Term Low-Carbon Development Strategy. While these high-level documents lack transport-specific GHG targets, they establish economy-wide goals to reduce emission intensity by 45% by 2030 (from 2005 levels) and reach net-zero by 2070. Implementation is driven by a suite of sub-sectoral policies, including the Metro Rail Policy 2017, Maritime India Vision 2030, and the "Harit Sagar" Green Port Guidelines. Electrification is a central pillar, evidenced by the fact that EV imports represented 24% of total road vehicle imports by 2024. However, the transition faces fiscal headwinds; fuel tax revenues currently comprise 9% of government revenue, a stream that faces structural decline as the fleet shifts away from internal combustion engines.
Avoid Policy: To decouple economic growth from increased transport demand, India is increasingly prioritizing integrated land-use and transport planning. The National Urban Transport Policy encourages the development of "compact cities" and mixed land-use patterns to restrict transport demand by ensuring that essential services are within walking distance. This is complemented by the National Transit Oriented Development (TOD) Policy, which mandates high-density development along mass transit corridors to minimize the need for motorized travel. Furthermore, the National Action Plan for Climate Change & Human Health supports workplace policies such as telecommuting to further reduce vehicular travel.
Shift Policy: Shifting travel and freight to more energy-efficient modes is a cornerstone of India's strategy. The National Rail Plan aims to increase the share of railways in total land freight transportation to 45%. In urban centers, the Metro Rail Policy 2017 and the Green Urban Mobility Scheme (MoHUA) prioritize the expansion of metro and Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) networks, with the latter targeting over 1,000 km of BRT network across 28 cities. To encourage active mobility, the National Urban Transport Policy and the National Mission on Sustainable Habitat 2021-2030 emphasize the creation of citywide, safe pedestrian pathways and dedicated cycle lanes, alongside the promotion of public bicycle sharing programs. Fiscal measures are also utilized, such as those in the National Road Transport Policy, which provides incentives to encourage public bus transport and discourage personalized motorized modes.
The "Improve" pillar focuses on enhancing vehicle technology and transitioning to cleaner fuels. The FAME India Scheme (Phase II) and the more recent PM Electric Drive Revolution in Innovative Vehicle Enhancement (PM E-DRIVE) Scheme are pivotal in accelerating the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) through demand incentives and the establishment of extensive public charging infrastructure. The National Policy on Biofuels - 2018 sets ambitious targets, including 20% ethanol blending in petrol and 5% biodiesel blending in diesel by 2030, to reduce dependency on fossil fuels. On the technology front, India: Fourth Biennial Update Report highlights the implementation of stringent Corporate Average Fuel Consumption (CAFE) norms for passenger vehicles and the transition to Bharat Stage VI (BS-VI) emission standards to significantly reduce vehicular pollution. Additionally, the Voluntary Vehicle Fleet Modernization Program (Scrappage Policy) introduces incentives for scrapping old, polluting vehicles in favor of newer, more efficient models. Finally, the National Green Hydrogen Mission seeks to decarbonize heavy-duty and long-haul transport by supporting the deployment of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and associated refueling infrastructure.
Transport and Climate Change
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Transport Energy Consumption
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Adaptation and Resilience
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Other Externalities
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Vehicle Fleet
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Urban Transport
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Transport Investments
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Transport and Climate Policy Documents
Representation of Transport in Key Climate Policy Documents
Distribution of Transport and Climate Policy Measures in Policy Documents
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National Policy Priorities on Transport
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Direct GHG Targets
These tables contains transport-relevant (e.g. economy-wide; sector-specific) GHG emissions targets as explicitly mentioned in the policy documents.
Economy-wide GHG emissions mandates
| India's Updated First Nationally Determined Contribution | 2022 | To reduce Emissions Intensity of its GDP by 45 percent by 2030, from 2005 level [UPDATED] | 2030 |
| First Nationally Determined Contribution - IND | 2016 | To reduce the emissions intensity of its GDP by 33 to 35 percent by 2030 from 2005 level. | 2030 |
Net zero, carbon neutrality
| "Harit Sagar" Green Port Guidelines | 2023 | Minimizing Carbon and other harmful emissions following Eliminate, Reduce, and Control (ERC) approach to protect local community, ecology and environment in and around Port areas. Reduction in Carbon intensity by 30 percent per ton of Cargo handled, from the current levels (Baseline FY 2022-23), by the year 2030 and 70 percent by year 2047. | 2030 |
| "Harit Sagar" Green Port Guidelines | 2023 | Minimizing Carbon and other harmful emissions following Eliminate, Reduce, and Control (ERC) approach to protect local community, ecology and environment in and around Port areas. Reduction in Carbon intensity by 30 percent per ton of Cargo handled, from the current levels (Baseline FY 2022-23), by the year 2030 and 70 percent by year 2047. | 2047 |
| India's Updated First Nationally Determined Contribution | 2022 | long term goal of reaching net-zero by 2070 | 2070 |
| India's Long-Term Low-Carbon Development Strategy | 2022 | Indian Railways to become net-zero by 2030, leading to 60 million tonnes of annual mitigation of CO2 . | 2030 |
| Draft Battery Swapping Policy | 2022 | India has committed to achieving net-zero emissions by 2070 at the 26th Conference of the Parties (COP26) in November 2021. | 2070 |
Indirect Transport Climate Change Targets
These tables show non-GHG targets as specified in the policy documents which indirectly benefit climate change mitigation and adaptation in the transport sector.
Alternative fuels - General
| First Nationally Determined Contribution - IND | 2016 | To achieve about 40 percent cumulative electric power installed capacity from nonfossil fuel based energy resources by 2030 with the help of transfer of technology and low cost international finance including from Green Climate Fund (GCF). | 2030 |
Ammonia
| NATIONAL GREEN HYDROGEN MISSION | 2023 | Green Ammonia bunkers and refuelling facilities will be set up at least at one port by 2025. Such facilities will be established at all major ports by 2035. | 2035 |
Biofuels
| India's Long-Term Low-Carbon Development Strategy | 2022 | National Policy on Biofuels 2018: Indicative 2025 target of 20% blending of ethanol in petrol, with an annual savings potential of INR 300 billion of foreign exchange. Target of 20% blending of ethanol in petrol by 2025-26 under the National Biofuels Policy Adoption of Sustainable Mobility Technologies. | 2025 |
| National Policy on Biofuels-2018 Amendment, 2022 | 2022 | A target of 20% blending of ethanol in petrol is proposed by Ethanol Supply Year (ESY) 2025-26. | 2026 |
| National Policy on Biofuels-2018 Amendment, 2022 | 2022 | An indicative target of 5% blending of biodiesel in diesel / direct sale of biodiesel is proposed by 2030. | 2030 |
| First Nationally Determined Contribution - IND | 2016 | National Policy on Biofuels has adopted an aspirational target of 20% blending of biofuels, both for bio-diesel and bio-ethanol. The government also launched the National Bio-diesel Mission identifying Jatropha curcas as the most suitable tree-borne oilseed for bio-diesel production. With the intention of further promoting biofuels, India has begun consultations on allowing 5% blending of biofuels in diesel that would be consumed by bulk users such as the railways and defence establishments. | 2030 |
EV mandates/ procurement
| COP26 declaration on accelerating the transition to 100% zero emission cars and vans | 2022 | As cities, states, and regional governments, we will work towards converting our owned or leased car and van fleets to zero emission vehicles by 2035 at the latest + Policies | 2035 |
| COP26 declaration on accelerating the transition to 100% zero emission cars and vans | 2022 | All sales of new cars and vans being zero emission by 2040 or earlier, or by no later than 2035 in leading markets. 2W and 3W constitute more than 70% of global sales and more than 80% in India. All governments should also support the transition of these light vehicles to zero emission vehicles | 2040 |
| National Auto Policy (Draft) | 2018 | Mandate minimum share of green vehicles among new vehicles purchased by central and state government agencies and municipal corporations, including: - 25% of all vehicles from 2023 and 75% of all vehicles from 2030 procured by central and state government - 50% of all vehicles from 2023 and 100% of all vehicles from 2030 procured by municipal corporations in metros | 2030 |
Green shipping program
| "Harit Sagar" Green Port Guidelines | 2023 | Minimizing Carbon and other harmful emissions following Eliminate, Reduce, and Control (ERC) approach to protect local community, ecology and environment in and around Port areas. Reduction in Carbon intensity by 30 percent per ton of Cargo handled, from the current levels (Baseline FY 2022-23), by the year 2030 and 70 percent by year 2047. | 2030 |
| "Harit Sagar" Green Port Guidelines | 2023 | Minimizing Carbon and other harmful emissions following Eliminate, Reduce, and Control (ERC) approach to protect local community, ecology and environment in and around Port areas. Reduction in Carbon intensity by 30 percent per ton of Cargo handled, from the current levels (Baseline FY 2022-23), by the year 2030 and 70 percent by year 2047. | 2047 |
Hydrogen
| NATIONAL GREEN HYDROGEN MISSION | 2023 | The Shipping Corporation of India or in case of its disinvestment, its successor private entity will retrofit at least two ships to run on Green Hydrogen or other Green Hydrogen derived fuels by 2027. India's oil and gas PSUs also currently charter about forty vessels for transport of petroleum products. In order to promote forays into Hydrogen powered shipping lines, these PSUs will be required to charter at least one ship each to be powered by Green Hydrogen or derived fuels by 2027. Thereafter, the companies will be required to add at least one ship powered by green hydrogen or its derivatives for each year of the mission. | 2027 |
| NATIONAL GREEN HYDROGEN MISSION | 2023 | Green Ammonia bunkers and refuelling facilities will be set up at least at one port by 2025. Such facilities will be established at all major ports by 2035. | 2035 |
LPG/ CNG/ LNG
| India's Long-Term Low-Carbon Development Strategy | 2022 | Natural gas as short-term fuel alternatives: Target to increase the share of natural gas in the country's energy mix to 15% by 2030. | 2030 |
Managing transport energy consumption
| "Harit Sagar" Green Port Guidelines | 2023 | All Ports shall achieve more than 20 percent reduction in energy consumption / ton of cargo by year 2030 (Baseline – Year 2023). | 2030 |
Modal shift
| National Rail Plan Vision – 2030 | 2022 | Formulate strategies based on both operational capacities and commercial policy initiatives to increase modal share of the Railways in freight to 45%. | 2030 |
| National Rail Plan | 2020 | increase the share of railways in total land freight transportation to 45% | 2030 |
| First Nationally Determined Contribution - IND | 2016 | The endeavor is to increase the share of Railways in total land transportation from 36% to 45 %, thereby decreasing the load on less efficient diesel operated road traffic. | 2030 |
Port electrification
| "Harit Sagar" Green Port Guidelines | 2023 | Ports shall make efforts to achieve the target for Electrification of Vehicles/Ports equipments as envisaged in MIV 2030 / Blue Economy 2047 and accordingly, should target more than 50 percent electrification by the Year 2030 which is to be further increased to more than 90 percent by the year 2047. | 2030 |
Recycle and circular economy in Transport
| "Harit Sagar" Green Port Guidelines | 2023 | Minimizing waste through Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Repurpose and Recycle (5R concept) to attain zero waste discharge from Port operations. Make efforts to increase the capacity of Water Treatment Plants and usage of treated water. Make adequate arrangements for “Rain Water Harvesting” for effective collection of rain water wherever possible. | 2030 |
Renewable energy
| "Harit Sagar" Green Port Guidelines | 2023 | (i) All Ports shall make efforts to achieve the target of Renewable Energy as envisaged in MIV 2030 / Blue Economy 2047 documents. Share of renewable energy at Ports should exceed 60 percent by the Year 2030 and 90 percent by year 2047. | 2030 |
| "Harit Sagar" Green Port Guidelines | 2023 | (i) All Ports shall make efforts to achieve the target of Renewable Energy as envisaged in MIV 2030 / Blue Economy 2047 documents. Share of renewable energy at Ports should exceed 60 percent by the Year 2030 and 90 percent by year 2047. | 2047 |
| India's Updated First Nationally Determined Contribution | 2022 | Economy-wide: To achieve about 50 percent cumulative electric power installed capacity from non-fossil fuel-based energy resources by 2030, with the help of transfer of technology and low-cost international finance including from Green Climate Fund (GCF) [UPDATED]. | 2030 |
| Maritime India Vision 2030 | 2021 | Increase usage of renewable energy to >60% of total energy by 2030 across Indian ports with primary focus on solar and wind | 2030 |
| PM Gati Shakti Master Plan | 2021 | New and Renewable Energy sector capacity is to be increased from 87.7 Gigawatt to 225 Gigawatt by 2024-25. 50 per cent of India's power generation capacity is to be met by renewable energy sources by 2024-25. | 2025 |
Solar energy
| Maritime India Vision 2030 | 2021 | Increase usage of renewable energy to >60% of total energy by 2030 across Indian ports with primary focus on solar and wind | 2030 |
Urban rail expansion
| India's Long-Term Low-Carbon Development Strategy | 2022 | Metro Rail Policy 2017: Target of constructing metro rail services in 27 cities across India by 2025 (MoHUA, n.d.). | 2025 |
Vehicle efficiency standards
| National Auto Policy (Draft) | 2018 | Define the emission standards that will be applicable after BSVI with a target of harmonizing with the most stringent global standards by 2028, across all vehicle segments | 2028 |
| National Auto Policy (Draft) | 2018 | Roadmap will define corporate average CO2 g/km targets for all passenger vehicle manufacturers from 2020 onwards. Vision will be to match CO2 targets set by developed countries by 2025 | 2025 |
Transport and Climate Policy Measures
These tables list the policy measures that relate to climate change mitigation and adaptation in the transport sector that had been identified in the transport policy documents.
Access restriction by corridor/ road
| National Mission on Sustainable Habitat 2021-2030 | 2021 | NMT plans should be developed to include no-car zones, docking stations, and public bicycle sharing networks, ensuring these facilities are designed with safety aspects for better uptake by pedestrians and cyclists. | x | ||||
| National Urban Transport Policy | 2014 | traffic calmed areas, pedestrianized areas, car limited zones, congestion pricing zones. facilities for the parking of freight vehicles outside city limits, such as truck terminals, would also be encouraged through public-private partnerships | x | x | x |
Active mobility - General
| Green Urban Mobility Scheme MoHUA | 2023 | 73,000+ public cycles across 58 cities | x | ||||
| National Mission on Sustainable Habitat 2021-2030 | 2021 | NMT plans should be developed to include no-car zones, docking stations, and public bicycle sharing networks, ensuring these facilities are designed with safety aspects for better uptake by pedestrians and cyclists. | x | ||||
| NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR CLIMATE CHANGE & HUMAN HEALTH | 2018 | Improve walkability and access to educational institutions by non-motorised transport, thus minimizing the air pollution in the school surroundings | x | ||||
| National Road Transport Policy | 2016 | Facilitate Non-motorised transport | x | ||||
| National Urban Transport Policy | 2014 | Priority in planning for modes should be as follows in descending order: i. Walk and Non- motorized transport (NMT), ii. PT; road, rail and waterways, iii.Personal motorized transport. Footpaths for walk and cycle lanes within about 500 m of stations/stops. The Government of India would support; i. The construction of safe pedestrian crossings at busy intersections and high density traffic corridors. ii. Formulation and implementation of specific “Area Plans” in congested urban areas that propose appropriate mix of various modes of transport including exclusive zones for NMT. iii. Upgrade of cycle rickshaws. | x | x | |||
| National Road Safety Policy | 2010 | The design and construction of all road facilities (rural and urban) will take into account the needs of non-motorized transport and the vulnerable and physically challenged in an appropriate manner. The Government will seek to disseminate ‘best practices' in this regard to town planners, architects, and highway and traffic engineers. | x | x |
Active transport infrastructure expansion and improvement
| Green Urban Mobility Scheme MoHUA | 2023 | Safe Pedestrian pathways, cycling track, public bike sharing. 8,000+ kms of footpath and cycle tracks across 103 cities | x | ||||
| National Mission on Sustainable Habitat 2021-2030 | 2021 | Cities should implement the Ministry's guidelines on NMT (2016) and design and implement green cover and open spaces along walking and cycling paths. Cool pavements with good water absorption pavement technologies should be used in all walking and cycling paths. | x | ||||
| Metro Rail Policy 2017 | 2017 | Last mile connectivity through pedestrian pathways, Non-Motorized Transport (NMT) infrastructure, and induction of facilities for para transit modes will be essential requirements for availing any central assistance for the proposed metro rail projects. | x | ||||
| National Urban Transport Policy | 2014 | The Government of India would, therefore, encourage measures that allocate road space on a more equitable basis, with people as its focus. This can be achieved by reserving lanes and corridors (except in hill cities) exclusively for PT and NMT modes of travel. The Government of India would give priority to the construction of cycle tracks pedestrian paths and facilities for cycle rickshaws in all cities to enhance safety and thereby enhance use of non-motorized modes. | x | x |
Aircraft fleet renovation
| NATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION POLICY 2016 | 2016 | All aircraft being registered in India from 1stJan 2019 will mandatorily have to be GAGAN enabled. AAI will explore opportunities to incentivise the airlines by way of concessions in ANS charges for getting their existing aircraft retrofitted with GAGAN receivers. | x |
Alternative fuels - General
| Motor Vehicles Aggregator Guidelines | 2025 | Sustainable Fleet Management by aggregators The State Government may direct aggregators to incrementally on an annual basis increase the percentage of electric, alternate fuel or zero emission vehicles in their fleet. | x | ||||
| Green Urban Mobility Scheme MoHUA | 2023 | 20,000 para transit and 6000 buses on alternate fuel/ electric across 103 cities | |||||
| "Harit Sagar" Green Port Guidelines | 2023 | All future procurements of Port vehicles and cargo handling & other equipments shall preferably be electrically driven / electrically powered or should be compatible with low carbon greener fuels viz., CNG, Methanol, Ethanol, Ammonia, Hydrogen Fuel Cell etc. (iii) Select Port(s) shall upgrade / augment their Infrastructure to support Offshore Wind Energy projects by facilitating and providing services to the industry for assembly, staging, fabrication, storage, and loading of Wind Turbine Generator (WTG) components for offshore installation. V.O. Chidambaranar Port has been selected for a pilot project on offshore wind farm to be executed by Ministry of Power. | x | ||||
| India's Long-Term Low-Carbon Development Strategy | 2022 | Use of biodiesel, green diesel, compressed natural gas and liquefied natural gas as fuel alternatives. 6. Alternate Fuels for Surface Transportation Programme. | x | ||||
| National Policy on Biofuels-2018 Amendment, 2022 | 2022 | · National Mission for Sustainable Habitat (NMSH) approved by the government seeks to promote sustainability of habitats through various measures including modal shift towards public transportation, improving access to goods and services through integrated urban planning and fuel conservation through fuel efficiency standards & shifting from fossil fuels to natural gas, renewable and alternate fuels including xEVs | x | ||||
| India's Electric Mobility Transformation | 2019 | MoRTH announced that all battery‐operated, ethanol‐powered and methanol‐powered transport vehicles will be exempted from the requirement of permits (S.O. 5333(E)). MoRTH amended Central Motor Vehicles Rules (CMVR), 1989 to allow driving licenses to be given for age group 16–18 years to drive gearless electric scooters and bikes up to 4 kWh battery size (GSR 1225 (E)). | x | ||||
| National Policy on Biofuels - 2018 | 2018 | DME can also be a substitute for diesel in slow RPM diesel engines, thereby providing an alternative fuel option that supports industrial methanol production and promotes the widespread acceptance of DME as a transport fuel. | x |
Ammonia
| "Harit Sagar" Green Port Guidelines | 2023 | Green Ammonia bunkers and refueling facilities shall be established at all Major Ports by 2035. | x |
App-based mobility
| Motor Vehicles Aggregator Guidelines | 2025 | MV-Aggregators-Guidelines-2025 The App shall be developed in a manner that it is compliant with the applicable law. | x |
Aviation electrification
| Amendment to National Civil Aviation Policy | 2023 | All equipment operating within the airport environment will be in compliance with latest emission norms by 1 April 2017. Ground handling vehicle will use alternative fuels that can provide significant Local Air Quality (LAQ) emission benefits compared with petrol and diesel equipment. Options include LPG/ CNG vehicles, low emissions vehicles (LEV), hydrogen vehicles, and electric vehicles. Airports will be encouraged to use Fixed Ground Electrical Power (FGEP) and Pre-Conditioned Air (PCA) units. Airlines will be encouraged to use single engine taxiing and dispatch-towing. | x | ||||
| NATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION POLICY 2016 | 2016 | Airports will be encouraged to use Fixed Ground Electrical Power (FGEP) and Pre-Conditioned Air (PCA) units. Airlines will be encouraged to use single engine taxiing and dispatch-towing. | x |
Aviation emission standards
| NATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION POLICY 2016 | 2016 | All equipment operating within the airport environment will be in compliance with latest emission norms by 1 April 2017. Ground handling vehicle will use alternative fuels that can provide significant Local Air Quality (LAQ) emission benefits compared with petrol and diesel equipment. Options include LPG/ CNG vehicles, low emissions vehicles (LEV), hydrogen vehicles, and electric vehicles. | x |
Aviation fuels - General
| NATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION POLICY 2016 | 2016 | RCS will be made operational only in those States which reduce VAT on Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF) at these airports to 1% or less for a period of 10 years. Excise duty at a rate of 2% shall be levied on Aviation Fuel drawn by operators from the RCS airports for an initial period of three yearsfrom the date of notification. | x |
Battery life cycle management
| PM E-DRIVE 2025 - Operational Guidelines -(e-Truck) | 2025 | The e-trucks should be accompanied with a comprehensive warranty including that of battery from the manufacturer and to have adequate facilities for after sales service for the life of the vehicle. For this purpose, minimum warranty required shall be as follows: (Table 1 Minimum warranty for e-trucks) | x | ||||
| India's Long-Term Low-Carbon Development Strategy | 2022 | 8. PLI ACC Battery Storage Scheme, the Battery Swapping Policy and new interoperability standards. | x |
Bike sharing
| Green Urban Mobility Scheme MoHUA | 2023 | Safe Pedestrian pathways, cycling track, public bike sharing | x | ||||
| Moving Forward Together | 2018 | Cities should support these active modes by developing safe, non-motorized transport environments, promoting cycle sharing schemes and improving their connectivity to motorized forms of shared mobility | x | ||||
| Metro Rail Policy 2017 | 2017 | The project proposal should mandatorily contain a chapter on the “Transit Oriented Development (TOD)” with proposed intermodal integration, universal accessibility, adequate walkways and pathways for Non-Motorized Transport (NMT), stations for public bike sharing, commensurate parking lots for cycles and personal vehicles, as well as adequate arrangement for receiving and dispatch of feeder buses at all metro stations | x | ||||
| National Urban Transport Policy | 2014 | Cities would also be encouraged to explore the possibility of a public bicycle sharing program, where people can rent a bicycle for use in specially designated areas. | x | x |
Biofuels
| India: Fourth Biennial Update Report | 2024 | development of advanced biofuels and hydrogen-based fuels for maritime and aerial transport. The Ethanol Blended Petrol program aims to boost biofuel usage in India by blending different types of biofuels with petrol. | x | x | |||
| India's Long-Term Low-Carbon Development Strategy | 2022 | Sustainable Alternative Towards Affordable Transportation (SATAT) scheme: Initiative encouraging entrepreneurial ventures in the setting up of compressed biogas (CBG) plants, and production and supply of CBG to OMCs. Significant additional decarbonization is expected as biogas purification systems mature so that biogas can be purified to bio-PNG / biomethane standards, injected directly into existing natural gas pipelines and compressed at the point of use. Biodiesel and methanol/dimethyl ether (DME) supplemented by pipeline biogas (Bio-PNG) as medium-term fuel alternatives. For encouraging use of such fuels, the following measures would be adopted: a. Boost annual ethanol procurement. b. Increase ethanol production facilities and ensure availability of sufficient feedstock. c. Augment ethanol storage, handling, blending and dispensing infrastructure. d. Support manufacturing and adoption of higher ethanol compatible vehicles through incentives, tax breaks, and such other measures. e. Introduce sustainable aviation turbine fuel, and biodiesel at commercial scale. | x | ||||
| National Policy on Biofuels-2018 Amendment, 2022 | 2022 | Oil Companies shall sell Ethanol Blended Petrol (EBP) with percentage of ethanol up to twenty per cent throughout the country from 01st April 2023. Blending of ethanol in Petrol will gradually be increased in the coming years. | x | ||||
| National Mission on Sustainable Habitat 2021-2030 | 2021 | Adoption of cleaner and environment-friendly technologies, such as Electric Vehicles (EV), Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), bio-fuels, etc., and provision of necessary infrastructure. | x | ||||
| National Policy on Biofuels - 2018 | 2018 | Ethanol will also be allowed to be produced directly from sugarcane juice to increase blending percentage. Adoption of B-Heavy Molasses route for ethanol production will be encouraged as per the availability of sugar. One million metric tonne (MMT) of sugar sacrificed can produce 60 crore litres of ethanol, thereby improving participation by distilleries in ethanol production. Bio-CNG, being one of the major by-products in 2G Ethanol Biorefineries and transport fuel, will be brought under offtake assurance by the Public sector Gas marketing companies. The overall blending percentage of biodiesel in diesel has been less than 0.5 percent due to constraints related to feedstock availability, underscoring the need to enhance domestic biodiesel production. In-house produced Used/Waste Cooking Oil (UCO/WCO) offers potential to be a source of biodiesel production, provided that stringent norms are established to prevent its diversion into the edible oil stream. World over, methanol has found its use as transport fuel in blended form with motor spirit, and its application in the Indian transport system will be explored to reduce dependency on imports and utilize surplus biomass for bio-methanol production. DME can also be a substitute for diesel in slow RPM diesel engines, thereby providing an alternative fuel option that supports industrial methanol production and promotes the widespread acceptance of DME as a transport fuel. Conversion of such wastes into bio-CNG is a model which will be promoted for meeting the energy demand in rural areas, addressing environmental issues and enhancing the efficiency of waste-to-energy conversion processes. Oil Marketing Companies will continue to store, distribute and market biofuels. They will be primarily responsible for maintaining and improving the storage, distribution and marketing infrastructure to meet the requirements of biofuels. Encourage consumption/usage of biofuels in the transport sector. Encourage consumption/usage of biofuels. | x | ||||
| National Road Transport Policy | 2016 | Promote the use of bio-fuels | x | ||||
| Biodiesel specifications | 2016 | This standard prescribes the requirements and methods of sampling and tests for biodiesel (B100) - fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) for use in compression ignition engines designed for using as stand-alone fuel and as a blend stock for diesel fuel. B100 stand alone can also be used for heating applications and industrial engines. | |||||
| First Nationally Determined Contribution - IND | 2016 | National Policy on Biofuels has adopted an aspirational target of 20% blending of biofuels, both for bio-diesel and bio-ethanol. The government also launched the National Bio-diesel Mission identifying Jatropha curcas as the most suitable tree-borne oilseed for bio-diesel production. With the intention of further promoting biofuels, India has begun consultations on allowing 5% blending of biofuels in diesel that would be consumed by bulk users such as the railways and defence establishments. | x | ||||
| Auto Fuel Vision and Policy 2025 | 2015 | Though liquid fuels will continue to have major presence due to their reach and ease of logistics, other fuels which may be looked into are: CNG LPG Bio Fuels Electric vehicles Hybrid vehicles Hydrogen/Fuel | x |
Budget/ identification of EV projects
| PM E-DRIVE 2025 - Operational Guidelines -(e-Truck) | 2025 | 3. Number of e-trucks to be supported 3.1. It is estimated that around 5,643 e-trucks across the N2 and N3 categories will be supported under this Scheme. 3.2. Considering the urgent need to improve air quality in Delhi, Demand Incentives will be reserved for around 1,100 e-trucks registered in Delhi (within an approximate outlay of ₹100 crore). | x | ||||
| National Mission on Transformative Mobility and Storage | 2019 | Increase the FAME budget in the near-term and introduce incentives to bring all BEVs, including 4-wheelers, to cost parity with conventional base models | x | ||||
| FAME India | 2019 | Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of (Hybrid &) Electric Vehicles in India (FAME India) Scheme Phase-II is being implemented by the Ministry of Heavy Industries for a period of five years commencing from 1st April,2019 with a total budgetary support of Rs. 10,000 crore. Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme for Automotive Sector: The Government on 15th Sep 2021 approved the PLI Scheme for Automotive Sector with a budgetary outlay of Rs. 25,938 crores to support domestic manufacturing of vehicles. Electric vehicles are covered under this PLI scheme. | x | ||||
| National Auto Policy (Draft) | 2018 | Define the long-term roadmap for incentives and infrastructure investments for green mobility | x |
Budget/ identification of active mobility projects
| National Urban Transport Policy | 2014 | Funds allocation for major transport infrastructure should be linked to achieving targets for creating facilities for NMT. Indeed a separate budget head for such facilities should be created and a separate cell set up in the Municipalities for planning design implementation and maintenance | x | x |
Budget/ identification of public transport projects
| Metro Rail Policy 2017 | 2017 | The economic internal rate of return for any metro rail project proposal should be 14% and above for consideration of its approval. | x | ||||
| National Transit Oriented Development (TOD) Policy | 2017 | · The investment in transit system as well as increase in FAR and provision for mixed use development would result in increase in value of land within the influence zone. Land Value Capture can be used as a mechanism to finance the required upgradation of infrastructure and amenities within the influence zone and expansion of the public transport system. | x | x | |||
| First Nationally Determined Contribution - IND | 2016 | The mass-transit and urban transport projects initiated under the National Urban Renewal Mission also have positive climate change impacts in the long-run. About 39 urban transport and mass rapid transport projects have been approved and about 19 projects have been completed so far. | x | x | |||
| National Urban Transport Policy | 2014 | It is recognized that there are several proven technologies for PT around the world that have yet to be adopted in India. In order to build up the necessary capacity to adopt such technologies within the country, the Government of India would facilitate joint ventures and collaboration agreements between such technology providers and suitable Indian companies. Necessary incentives would be provided to enable such technologies to get commercialized in India. The Government of India would encourage high capacity PT systems being set up through the mechanism of Special Purpose Vehicles (SPV) and would offer financial support either in the form of equity or one time viability gap financing, after evaluating various parameters such as: i. Extent of resources mobilized by the State government through exploitation of its land resources ii. Extent of resources likely from private participation iii. Institutional mechanisms set up by the State government to ensure a well-coordinated PT system iv. Willingness to divert funds from projects that add to road capacity towards public transit systems v. Initiatives taken to promote non-motorized transport and improve safe access to PT. vi. Willingness to introduce premium PT systems that are priced high but offer better quality with a view to limit the subsidy requirements in normal services. vii. Willingness to involve the private sector in operations under the overall supervision and coordination of a public agency viii. Willingness to price PT systems in such a manner as to be financially sustainable at the operating stage or depend only marginally on public budgets. ix. Willingness to demonstrate additional resources for the project through dedicated taxes and innovative financing methods. | x | x | x |
Building code requirements for EV readiness
| Draft Revised Guidelines & Standards for Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure | 2024 | Based on available charging technologies and their evolution, type of vehicles, the types of chargers, indicative number of charging points required for setting up adequate PCS within the local urban areas including the building premises of all building types and with the long term vision of enhancing 'electric mobility' during the next 20 years, amendments have been made in the relevant sections (Chapter 10) of the Model Building Bye-laws, 2016 and the Urban and Regional Development Plans Formulation and Implementation Guidelines (URDPFI — 2014) by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA). i. Appropriate civil and lighting works shall be carried out to meet the local requirements at the respective charging station. ii. Adequate space for charging and entry/exit of vehicles should be provided. iii. Charging Station shall have, any one or more chargers or any combination of chargers as given in ANNEXURE I, in one or more electric kiosk/boards. iv. Visual aids shall be provided for users at Public Charging Stations to navigate through the charging process effectively. v. Details of specifications of EV charger at EV charging station, shall be displayed. vi. Trained personnel to safely operate the EV chargers, shall be deployed in case of EVSEs installed at EV charging stations are more than 4 in numbers. vii. Parking space at EV charging station shall be clearly demarcated and shall be kept free from encroachments. viii. Arrangements should be made for tracking the charger usage per user, automatic billing, and bill generation and payments. ix. To ensure customer security, Charging Station excepting those used for Residential (Individual EV Owner) Charging, shall prominently display basic information such as: a. Customer Care Number of CPO b. National Emergency Number 112 c. Women Helpline 1091 displayed, Additionally, provision of a CCTV with capacity to store monthly data feed shall be made. | x | ||||
| HANDBOOK of ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE IMPLEMENTATION | 2021 | The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) amended its Model Building Byelaws (MBBL) 2016 to include the provision of EV charging in buildings. Amendments are made to Chapter 10 (Sustainability and Green Provisions) of the MBBL-2016, with Section 10.4 titled “Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure”. • Charging infrastructure shall be provided for EVs at 20% of all ‘vehicle holding capacity'/'parking capacity' at the premises. • The building premises will have to have an additional power load, equivalent to the power required for all charging points to be operated simultaneously, with a safety factor of 1.25 | x |
Bunkering infrastructure for alternative fuels
| "Harit Sagar" Green Port Guidelines | 2023 | Maximizing use of Clean / Green energy in Port operation. Developing Port capabilities for storage, handling and bunkering Greener Fuels viz. Green Hydrogen, Green Ammonia, Green Methanol / Ethanol etc. (ii) Ports shall make an action plan and implement the projects to achieve the targets set for the Ports / Port Crafts in the “National Green Hydrogen Mission”, including creation of infrastructure at select Ports for storage, bunkering and refueling of Green Hydrogen and its derivative, within the targeted timelines. (iii) Green Ammonia bunkers and refueling facilities shall be established at all Major Ports by 2035. Ports shall establish at least one LNG bunkering station by the Year 2030 and adequate number of EV charging stations in port campus or nearby area by the year 2025. | x | ||||
| Maritime India Vision 2030 | 2021 | Establishing LNG bunkering stations at select ports in line with fuel adoption trends by shipping liners | x |
Bus fleet renewal
| National Mission on Transformative Mobility and Storage | 2019 | Review and revise FAME incentives for buses to promote higher uptake in the future | x | ||||
| FAME India | 2019 | This phase mainly focuses on supporting electrification of public & shared transportation, and aims to support through demand incentive 7090 eBuses, 5 lakh e-3 Wheelers, 55000 e-4 Wheeler Passenger Cars and 10 lakh e-2 Wheelers. | x | ||||
| NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR CLIMATE CHANGE & HUMAN HEALTH | 2018 | Provision of safe and improved Public transport like air conditioned buses, local trains and other transport at affordable rates | x | ||||
| Three Year Action Agenda 2017-18 to 2019-20 | 2017 | augment capacity of road-based public transport by hiring buses on long term leases and permitting private providers to operate inter-state buses. | x |
Bus rapid transit (BRT) system improvement
| India: Fourth Biennial Update Report | 2024 | Implemented under the Jawaharlal Nehru Urban Renewal Mission and the National Urban Transport Policy of 2006, BRTS aims to enhance bus transport by funding buses, creating dedicated lanes, and expanding CNG bus fleets. | x | ||||
| Green Urban Mobility Scheme MoHUA | 2023 | 1,000+ kms of BRT Network across 28 cities | x | ||||
| National Mission on Sustainable Habitat 2021-2030 | 2021 | High-capacity systems like Metro Rail are suitable for high demand corridors, while medium and low-capacity systems typically include Buses, Light Metro Rail Systems (Metro Lite and Metro Neo), and Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS). | x | ||||
| National Road Transport Policy | 2016 | By clearly separating the social objectives and appropriately compensating for social obligations, PBT can be operated on commercial lines. This would also encourage private investment. By applying economic principles for allocating scarce road space, it would also be feasible to have dedicated lanes for buses in select towns and metros resulting in improved and timely PBT services at much lower cost. | x |
Bus route and service improvement
| National Road Transport Policy | 2016 | Enhance productivity, comfort and security in PBT system to attract commuters. Promote participation of private operators on non viable semi urban/rural routes through favourable policy regime. This could be achieved through following options :(a) auctioning of combination of routes (which are a mix of profitable and non viable routes) to private operator(s) so as to enable them to compensate their losses on account of operation of non viable routes; (b) offering non viable routes to bidder asking for lowest subsidy/financial support; (c) subjecting non viable routes to lower rates of taxation or permit fees and;(d) allowing alternate competing modes of passenger road transport. This could be achieved by granting mini bus permits on routes serving semi-urban and rural areas which are not adequately served by regular public transport. | x | x |
Data collection and repositories - General
| Pollution Under Control Certificate (PUCC) | 2021 | This Ministry has notified G.S.R. 527(E) dated 06-06-2018 regarding linkage of PUC data with VAHAN database. | x |
Development of EV plan/policy
| India's priority corridors for Zero-emission trucking | 2025 | In 2023, the Office of the Principal Scientific Adviser (PSA) to the Government of India published the Technical Roadmap for Deployment of Zero-Emission Trucking in India [3], which highlighted ZET corridors as one of the effective levers to kick-start the ZET transition in India. In 2023, the PSA Office report Technology Assessment of Zero-Emission Trucking on the Delhi-Jaipur Corridor further showcased the techno-economic feasibility of ZET technologies along the DelhiJaipur corridor [4] | x | ||||
| TECHNICAL ROADMAP FOR DEPLOYMENT OF ZERO-EMISSION TRUCKING IN INDIA | 2024 | Select optimal vehicle specification ranges and application(s) for experimenting with high power static induction charging. Develop vehicles for optimal application(s) along with OEMs with matching interface systems for induction charging. Finalize optimal technology for high power static induction charging for the Indian context. Identify the mechanical and electronic/ power electronic aggregates, sensing control and alignment facilitators, both at the vehicle end and at the charger end. Design Electronics / Power Electronics systems, and define measurement and communications protocols, especially considering challenges in real-world applications such as those identified above. Create Prototypes, and verify/optimize design parameters. Set up field trials infrastructure in specific routes/applications and conduct field trials to evaluate energy consumed as well as the charging efficiency. Develop draft standards for high power static induction charging, and draft suggested modifications for vehicle regulations. Develop standard prescribing inputs, algorithms, and computational tools for assessing SOH without compromising of electrical and functional safety of the vehicle. Develop a VR ZET Trainer tool. Build a tool for region-wise identification of optimum charging locations. Estimate load requirements and EMI/ EMC and other emissions at a charger and a park level. Prepare and publish norms, if required, for the distances to be maintained between grid lines and charging parks, and safety norms for measurement and certification of charging parks including safety of human and other life forms present in the vicinity. | x | ||||
| HANDBOOK of ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE IMPLEMENTATION | 2021 | To begin with, DISCOMs should conduct assessments of EV charging at the grid and feeder levels for different scenarios of EV penetration, with other factors of interest such as spatial concentration of EVs, differential EV charging patterns, and the modelled impacts of ToD measures. Subsequently, DISCOMs should develop EV readiness plans based on charging load impacts on the grid infrastructure. National and state regulators are advised to direct DISCOMs to undertake impact assessments and prepare EV readiness plans. | x | ||||
| India's Electric Mobility Transformation | 2019 | MoP issued a policy on charging infrastructure to enable faster adoption of EVs. The policy permits private charging at residences and offices where tariff for supply of electricity to EV charging station shall not be more than the average cost of supply plus 15 percent. The Cabinet approved FAME II, the second phase of the scheme for Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of (Hybrid &) Electric Vehicles in India. The scheme has a total outlay of Rs. 10,000 crores, to be used for upfront incentives on the purchase of EVs as well as supporting the development of charging infrastructure. The program will be implemented over a period of three years, effective from 1 April 2019. The Cabinet approved the National Mission on Transformative Mobility and Battery Storage, which will drive clean, connected, shared, sustainable and holistic mobility initiatives. The Mission aims at creation of a Phased Manufacturing Programme (PMP) for five years, to support setting up of large‑scale, export‑competitive integrated batteries and cell‑manufacturing giga plants in India, as well as localizing production across the entire electric vehicle value chain. | x | ||||
| National Auto Policy (Draft) | 2018 | Finalize a technology agnostic green mobility roadmap through evolution of emission regulations | x |
Development of aviation plan/policy
| Amendment to National Civil Aviation Policy | 2023 | ) Separate regulations for helicopters will be notified by DGCA,after due stakeholder consultation. ) MoCA will strive to develop a sustainable Indian aviation industry. It will work with DGCA, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change and industry stakeholders to develop an appropriate action plan. MoCA will strengthen policy guidelines on energy conservation, sustainable practices,improvements in emission measurement and information dissemination; training and awareness building. | x |
Development of national energy plan/ policy
| India's Long-Term Low-Carbon Development Strategy | 2022 | 4. Draft National Energy Storage Mission. |
Development of public transport plan/ policy
| Metro Rail Policy 2017 | 2017 | a Comprehensive Mobility Plan (CMP), is a mandatory prerequisite for planning metro rail in any city. Cities having a population of two million and more may start planning for mass transit systems including metro rail based on the CMP. | x | x | |||
| National Road Transport Policy | 2016 | Policy Framework to promote Public Bus Transport (PBT) - A clear and stable policy framework that defines the roles and responsibilities of all stake holders in PBT system would facilitate long term planning, sound day- today operation and a firm basis for launching public private partnership in the PBT system | x | ||||
| National Urban Transport Policy | 2014 | The Government of India would financially encourage cities to prepare Comprehensive Mobility Plan for the city and prioritize projects for implementation. CMP is a vision statement of the direction in which UT in the city should grow. It should cover all elements of UT and emphasis should be on integrated planning and implementation. To ensure its implementation and compliance with the master plan of the city, all cities should notify the CMP prepared under the Town and Country Planning Act for their respective states. The CMPs should also be reviewed on a five yearly basis. | x | x | x |
Development of shipping/ maritime/ inland water transport (IWT) plan/ policy
| "Harit Sagar" Green Port Guidelines | 2023 | To prepare an Emergency Oil Pollution Response Management as per the NOS-DCP (National Oil Spill Disaster Contingency Plan) to combat oil pollution in the event of oil spill within the port limits. | x |
EV - General
| Motor Vehicles Aggregator Guidelines | 2025 | Sustainable Fleet Management by aggregators The State Government may direct aggregators to incrementally on an annual basis increase the percentage of electric, alternate fuel or zero emission vehicles in their fleet. | x | ||||
| India: Fourth Biennial Update Report | 2024 | The PM E-DRIVE scheme with a budget outlay of Rs. 10,900 crores aims to accelerate EV adoption and establish essential charging infrastructure across the country. Low carbon development of land-based, longhaul, heavy-duty vehicles through battery-electric vehicles (including Electric Road Systems) and, in certain scenarios, is complemented by hydrogen and biofuel-based solutions (with medium confidence) is being explored and can become viable in the future. Launched in 2013, the National Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP) 2020 aims to achieve national fuel security by promoting hybrid and electric vehicles in the country. Government aims to provide fiscal and monetary incentives to kick start this nascent technology | |||||
| eMobility R&D Roadmap for India | 2024 | A RoadMap was prepared first for different critical streams in the eMobility space- and, as a follow up deliverable, specific projects are identified to keep India competitive and competent at a global level in this RoadMap. In this document, four different and critical streams (Figure 2) are shown in eMobility with a fifth stream on Hydrogen being limited to mention and deferring to India's Hydrogen Mission. The four streams are: 1. Energy Storage Cells- addressing new areas in the Chemistry and Physics behind Cells and their Manufacture. 2. EV Aggregates- capturing actions in the entire value chain of all items that are specific to eMobility other than Cells. 3. Materials & Recycling- focusing on Material Science and different tools that can further augment Materials Research. 4. Charging & Refuelling- enumerating the opportunities that will help with improved speeds and safety in charging/ refuelling. | |||||
| Scheme for Viability Gap Funding for development of Battery Energy Storage Systems | 2024 | The Central Government has sanctioned the Central Sector Scheme ‘Viability Gap Funding (VGF) for Development of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS)', | |||||
| Green Urban Mobility Scheme MoHUA | 2023 | Shift to electric/hybrid vehicles for public transport | |||||
| Guidelines for PM-ebus Sewa Part I | 2023 | Under this segment, 10,000 e-buses will be supported. | |||||
| NATIONAL GREEN HYDROGEN MISSION | 2023 | Ministry of Road Transport and Highways will enable adoption of green hydrogen in the transport sector through regulations, standards, and codes, primarily for heavy commercial vehicles and long-haul operations. MoRTH will also facilitate technology development for adoption of green hydrogen in the transport sector through testing facilities, pilot projects, and provide support for infrastructure development. The Mission will significantly decarbonise the identified industrial sectors and prepare a foundation for similar transition in other emerging sectors like steel, shipping, energy storage, and long-haul mobility. Nearly 50 MMT per annum of CO2 emissions are expected to be averted as a result of the various Green Hydrogen initiatives under the Mission. Ultimately, use of Green Hydrogen will play a crucial role in ensuring India's energy independence and Net Zero goals. | x | x | x | ||
| India's Long-Term Low-Carbon Development Strategy | 2022 | National Mission on Transformative Mobility and Battery Storage. Exemption of electric, ethanol and methanol vehicles from requiring permits to carry passengers/ goods. By 2050, both the rail and road transport will be encouraged to achieve high rates of electrification through policies designed to encourage electrification in this sector. n the short to medium-term, India will also consider policies related to the management of EV-related waste, and circular economy principles for the EV sector. | x | ||||
| Draft Battery Swapping Policy | 2022 | All metropolitan cities with a population greater than 4 million (as per Census 2011) will be prioritized for development of battery swapping networks under the first phase. : All major cities such as state capitals, UT headquarters and cities with population greater than 5 lakhs (as per Census 2011) will be covered under the second phase, given the importance of the 2W and 3W vehicle segments in growing cities. | x | ||||
| Maritime India Vision 2030 | 2021 | Drive adoption of multi-clean fuels (Electric, CNG, LNG) for vehicles in port ecosystem | x | x | |||
| HANDBOOK of ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE IMPLEMENTATION | 2021 | TECHNICAL STANDARDS FOR CONNECTIVITY OF THE DISTRIBUTED GENERATION RESOURCES (AMENDMENT) REGULATIONS, 2019: Recognizes EVs as an energy generation resource. The total electricity demand for EVs, at 33% EV penetration rate by 2030, is projected to be 37 TWh (as per a 2018 Brookings India report). | x | ||||
| National Mission on Sustainable Habitat 2021-2030 | 2021 | Adoption of cleaner and environment-friendly technologies, such as Electric Vehicles (EV), Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), bio-fuels, etc., and provision of necessary infrastructure. | x | ||||
| COP26 World Leaders Summit- Statement on The Breakthrough Agenda - Road | 2021 | Road Transport: Zero emission vehicles are the new normal and accessible, affordable, and sustainable in all regions by 2030. | x | ||||
| NATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION POLICY 2016 | 2016 | All equipment operating within the airport environment will be in compliance with latest emission norms by 1 April 2017. Ground handling vehicle will use alternative fuels that can provide significant Local Air Quality (LAQ) emission benefits compared with petrol and diesel equipment. Options include LPG/ CNG vehicles, low emissions vehicles (LEV), hydrogen vehicles, and electric vehicles. | x | x | |||
| First Nationally Determined Contribution - IND | 2016 | Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Hybrid & Electric Vehicles in India (FAME India) is a scheme formulated as part of the National Electric Mobility Mission Plan 2020 (NEMMP) to promote faster adoption and manufacturing of hybrid and electric vehicles in the country by providing incentives. | x | ||||
| Auto Fuel Vision and Policy 2025 | 2015 | Though liquid fuels will continue to have major presence due to their reach and ease of logistics, other fuels which may be looked into are: CNG LPG Bio Fuels Electric vehicles Hybrid vehicles Hydrogen/Fuel | x |
EV charging infrastructure
| Guidelines for Installation and Operation of Battery Swapping and Charging Stations | 2025 | Clauses 5, 6 (except sub-clause 1), 7, 9, 11, sub-clause 5 of clause12, 13(except sub-clause 2) and20 of the principal guidelines titled "Guidelines for Installation and Operation of Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure — 2024", shall also be applicable for Battery Charging Stations, Battery Swapping Stations and Battery Providers. Owners of BCS or BSS shall be permitted to use an existing electricity connection with or without seeking an increase in the connected load, for charging the swappable batteries. Battery swapping or Battery charging stations may deploy liquid-cooled swappable batteries for larger vehicles such as trucks and buses. | x | ||||
| Operational Guidelines for deployment of EV Public Charging Station (EV PCS) under the PM E-DRIVE Scheme. | 2025 | Locations for EV PCS PM E-DRIVE scheme will continue to prioritize cities and highways to ensure a focused approach. i. Cities: The eligible entities may prioritize cities based on the criteria outlined below for the strategic deployment of EVPCS. a) Million plus population cities as per 2011 census; b) Smart cities as notified by MoHUA; c) Satellite towns connected to 7 metros (Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad, Bangalore, and Ahmedabad); d) The capital city of all states/UTs not covered in the above categories. e) National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) cities However, eligible entities may choose to install EVPCS at other cities based on their specific requirements e.g. EV penetration. ii. Highways: In addition to setting up EV charging infrastructure within city limits, the scheme also envisages selected inter-city/ inter-state highways to be made EV ready. Routes for setting up of EV chargers on highways may be identified in consultation with MoRTH and other stakeholders. The indicative list of parameters that eligible entities may consider in their assessment of shortlisting highways are: a) Highways with high vehicular volume (e.g. toll data can be referred) b) Highways that connect major cities, industrial hubs and ports c) Other parameters as recommended by nodal agencies | x | ||||
| Guidelines for the Scheme to Promote Manufacturing of Electric Passenger Cars in India (SPMEPCI) | 2025 | Following are the clarifications regarding investment in charging infrastructure and design (ER&D) : 3.5.1. Charging Infrastructure: a) Charging infrastructure established must be compliant with Ministry of Power (MoP) guidelines issued vide No. 12/2/2018-EV dated 17th September 2024 on the subject ―Guidelines for Installation and Operation of Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure-2024‖ and as amended from time to time. b) Investment for charging infrastructure under the Scheme would be eligible only to the extent attributable to earth embedded public charging stations made for e-4W having fast charging facility as defined under guidelines issued by Ministry of Power vide No. 12/2/2018-EV dated 17th September 2024 and as amended from time to time. c) Expenditure incurred on charging infrastructure would be considered upto maximum 5% of the Committed Investment. | x | ||||
| India: Fourth Biennial Update Report | 2024 | developing public charging infrastructure | x | ||||
| PM Electric Drive Revolution in Innovative Vehicle Enhancement (PM E-DRIVE) Scheme | 2024 | The Scheme envisages support of ₹2,000 crore for setting up of adequate public charging infrastructure for various categories of vehicles to instil confidence amongst EV users. In addition to setting up EV charging infrastructure within city limits, the Scheme also envisages selected inter-city/ inter-state highways to be made EV ready. Routes for setting up chargers on highways will be identified in consultation with MoRTH and other stakeholders. | x | ||||
| Draft Revised Guidelines & Standards for Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure | 2024 | i. Public Charging Station for electric two / three wheelers / four wheelers / quadricycles shall comply with standards as laid down by Indian Standards (IS) specified in ANNEXURE I, preferably of 7.4 kW capacity (AC / DC). i. Public charging stations intending to provide fast charging facilities for long range EVs and/ or heavy duty EVs (like trucks, buses etc.) shall have the following - a detaioled section follows | x | ||||
| TECHNICAL ROADMAP FOR DEPLOYMENT OF ZERO-EMISSION TRUCKING IN INDIA | 2024 | Select optimal vehicle specification ranges and application(s) for experimenting with high power static induction charging. Develop vehicles for optimal application(s) along with OEMs with matching interface systems for induction charging. Finalise the Power (kW) Rating and Power Density ranges for the trials. Finalize optimal technology for high power static induction charging for the Indian context. Identify the mechanical and electronic/ power electronic aggregates, sensing control and alignment facilitators, both at the vehicle end and at the charger end. Design Electronics / Power Electronics systems, and define measurement and communications protocols, especially considering challenges in real-world applications such as those identified above. Set up field trials infrastructure in specific routes/applications and conduct field trials to evaluate energy consumed as well as the charging efficiency. Develop draft standards for high power static induction charging, and draft suggested modifications for vehicle regulations. Build a tool for region-wise identification of optimum charging locations. Estimate load requirements and EMI/ EMC and other emissions at a charger and a park level. Prepare and publish norms, if required, for the distances to be maintained between grid lines and charging parks, and safety norms for measurement and certification of charging parks including safety of human and other life forms present in the vicinity. Select optimal vehicle specification ranges and application(s) for experimenting with high power static induction charging. Develop vehicles for optimal application(s) along with OEMs with matching interface systems for induction charging. Finalise the Power (kW) Rating and Power Density ranges for the trials. Finalize optimal technology for high power static induction charging for the Indian context. Benchmark the current global status - especially in the higher power and power density charger systems with fewer players. Identify the mechanical and electronic/ power electronic aggregates, sensing control and alignment facilitators, both at the vehicle end and at the charger end. Design Electronics / Power Electronics systems, and define measurement and communications protocols, especially considering challenges in real-world applications such as those identified above. Create Prototypes, and verify/optimize design parameters. Set up field trials infrastructure in specific routes/applications and conduct field trials to evaluate energy consumed as well as the charging efficiency. Develop draft standards for high power static induction charging, and draft suggested modifications for vehicle regulations. Develop standard prescribing inputs, algorithms, and computational tools for assessing SOH without compromising of electrical and functional safety of the vehicle. Develop a VR ZET Trainer tool. Estimate load requirements and EMI/ EMC and other emissions at a charger and a park level. | x | ||||
| "Harit Sagar" Green Port Guidelines | 2023 | Ports shall establish at least one LNG bunkering station by the Year 2030 and adequate number of EV charging stations in port campus or nearby area by the year 2025. | x | x | |||
| Central Electricity Authority (Measures relating to Safety and Electric Supply) Regulations, 2023 | 2023 | General safety requirements for electric vehicle charging station. – (1) Electric vehicle charging stations shall be provided with separate protection against the overload of input supply and output supply as per relevant standards. | x | ||||
| India's Long-Term Low-Carbon Development Strategy | 2022 | Charging infrastructure for electric vehicles: Publication of the revised consolidated guidelines and standards, 2022. In addition to increasing the domestic manufacturing of EVs and batteries through production-linked incentives (PLI) schemes, India will explore the implementation of vehicle-grid integration options, to enable planning of increased load on the electricity grid (Das & Deb, 2020; FICCI, 2020). Increasing decarbonization of the grid and establishment of off-grid renewable hybrid charging / swapping stations for batteries are planned to keep pace with increasing electric mobility. | x | ||||
| Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles (EV) | 2022 | · Any individual/entity is free to set up public charging stations provided that such stations meet the technical, safety as well as performance standards and protocols laid down below as well as norms/ standards/ specifications laid down by the Ministry of Power, Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) and Central Electricity Authority (CEA) from time to time. • Any Public Charging Station/ Chain of Charging Stations may obtain electricity from any generation company through open access • Charging Station for (two/three wheelers) e-vehicles shall be free to install any charger other than those specified above subject to compliance of technical & safety standards as laid down by CEA. • Every Public Charging Station (PCS) will comply with the following: • i. An exclusive transformer with all related substation equipment including safety appliance, if required by Supply Code as approved by Appropriate Electricity Regulatory Commission. • iii. Appropriate cabling & electrical works ensuring safety. • iv. Adequate space for Charging and entry/exit of vehicles. • Charging Station for (two/three wheelers) e-vehicles shall be free to install any charger other than those specified above subject to compliance of technical & safety standards as laid down by CEA. • viii. Tie up with at least one online Network Service Providers (NSPs) to enable advance remote/online booking of charging slots by EV owners. Such online information to EV owners should also include information regarding location, types and numbers of chargers installed/available, service charges for EV charging, etc. • ix. Share charging station data with the appropriate State Nodal Agency (SNA) and according to the process as prescribed by Central Nodal Agency (CNA) i.e., Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) for this purpose. The CNA and SNA shall have access to this database. • x. Public Charging Stations for EVs shall comply with the provisions of Central Electricity Authority (Technical Standards for Connectivity of the Distributed Generation Resources) Amendment Regulations, 2019 and Central Electricity Authority (Measures relating to Safety and Electric Supply) (Amendment) Regulations, 2019. • In case of Public Charging Stations, the following requirements are laid down with regard to density/distance between two charging points, at least one Charging Station shall be available in a grid of 3 Km X 3 Km. Further, one Charging Station shall be set up at every 25 Km on both sides of highways/roads. For long-range EVs and/or heavy-duty EVs like buses/trucks etc., there shall be at least one Fast Charging Station with Charging Infrastructure Specifications as per para 4.1 above at every 100 Kms, on one each side of the highways/road located preferably within/alongside the Public Charging Stations as per ANNEXURE II or BIS Standards for Power Level 1 to 5 as per ANNEXURE III. Within cities, such charging facilities for heavy-duty EVs may be located within Transport Nagars, bus depots. · Owners may charge their Electric Vehicles at their residence/offices using their existing electricity connections. | x | x | |||
| Draft Battery Swapping Policy | 2022 | This Policy stipulates the minimum technical and operational requirements that battery swapping ecosystems would need to fulfil, to enable effective, efficient, reliable, safe, and customer-friendly implementation of battery-swapping infrastructure. BaaS models, particularly for battery swapping services, will need to ensure interoperability between EVs and batteries for the successful mainstreaming of battery swapping as an alternative Battery charging and swapping stations are required to be in accordance with the requirements specified for public charging infrastructure, in Section 3 of the January 2022 amendment of the revised “Charging infrastructure for electric vehicles – Guidelines and Standards” released by MoP | x | ||||
| HANDBOOK of ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE IMPLEMENTATION | 2021 | In its Charging Infrastructure Guidelines and Standards, the Ministry of Power (MoP) provides the following minimum requirements for the location of public charging stations: • At least one charging station should be available in a grid of 3km x 3km. • One charging station to be set up every 25km on both sides of highways/roads. DELHI GOVERNMENT MANDATES 5% PARKING FOR EV CHARGING In March 2021, the Delhi Government directed all commercial and institutional buildings with a parking capacity of more than 100 vehicles to set aside 5% of their parking spaces for EV charging. This includes shopping malls, hospitals, hotels, offices, educational institutions, movie theaters, etc. Properties will be required to set up slow EV chargers (at a minimum) at the reserved parking spots, and will be able to avail of a subsidy of INR 6,000 per charging point, as provided by the Delhi EV Policy. The FAME-II scheme, currently under implementation, is deploying 2,622 EV charging stations, each with 6-8 charging points, across 62 cities. This will add between 15,000 and 20,000 charging points across the country, which can significantly boost access to charging infrastructure. MEASURES RELATING TO SAFETY AND ELECTRIC SUPPLY (AMENDMENT) REGULATIONS, 2019: Specifies safety requirements for charging infrastructure including general safety for EV charging stations, earth protection system, fire safety, testing of charging stations, inspection and periodic assessment, maintenance of records, and safety provisions as per international standards that need to be followed. TECHNICAL STANDARDS FOR CONNECTIVITY OF THE DISTRIBUTED GENERATION RESOURCES (AMENDMENT) REGULATIONS, 2019: Introduces standards for charging stations connected or seeking connectivity to the electricity supply system. SERCs and DISCOMs need to recognize EV charging as a new type of consumer requirement, distinct from existing consumer categories, and adapt the supply code to enable affordable and reliable electricity supply for charging infrastructure. As of March 2021, 21 states and Union Territories have introduced specific tariffs for EV charging with reduced energy charges and/or demand charge exemptions. CPOs or EV owners can apply for an exclusive electricity connection for EV charging within a host establishment or for standalone charging facilities. Additional measures may be permitted by DISCOMs to enable the provision of EV connections within existing host establishments. Measures include minus metering and separate EV connections without demand charges. Hence, it is recommended that charging infrastructure is implemented in a distributed manner to limit the power demand for charging at any location. “Smart chargers” with specific capabilities are needed to carry out active EV charging. Smart chargers can also handle passive management instruments like ToD tariffs and more dynamic regimes like Time-of-Use (ToU) tariffs, in which electricity tariffs are adjusted in real time based on demand. | x | ||||
| ARAI STANDARDS | 2019 | Equipment selection for the charging station must be in line with the government guidelines. For public electric vehicle charging stations, Ministry of Power (MoP) notified its guidelines in October 2019. Key requirements mentioned therein are summarized below: The charging station should have an exclusive transformer with all related substation equipment, including safety appliance. The charging station should include 33/11 kV lines/cables and associated. equipment, including line termination etc. The charging station must have appropriate cabling and electrical work ensuring safety. The charging station must have adequate space for charging and entry/ exit of vehicles. ARAI standards- AIS 138 Part 1 for EV conductive AC charging system This standard applies to charging electric road vehicles at standard a.c. supply voltages (as per IS 12360/IEC 60038) up to 1000 V and for providing electrical power for any additional services on the vehicle if required when connected to the supply network. Electric road vehicles (EV) implies all road vehicles (2/3/4 Wheelers), including plug in hybrid road vehicles (PHEV), that derive all or part of their energy from on-board batteries. The aspects covered include characteristics and operating conditions of the supply device and the connection to the vehicle, operators and third party electrical safety, and the characteristics to be complied with by the vehicle with respect to the EVSE-AC, only when the electric vehicle is earthed. Requirements for specific inlet, connector, plug and socket-outlets for electric vehicles are referred in AIS-038(Rev.1). This standard does not cover all safety aspects related to maintenance. This standard is not applicable to trolley buses, rail vehicles and off-road industrial vehicles. ARAI standards- AIS 138 Part 1 for EV conductive AC charging system This standard applies to charging electric road vehicles at standard a.c. supply voltages (as per IS 12360/IEC 60038) up to 1000 V and for providing electrical power for any additional services on the vehicle if required when connected to the supply network. Electric road vehicles (EV) implies all road vehicles (2/3/4 Wheelers), including plug in hybrid road vehicles (PHEV), that derive all or part of their energy from on-board batteries. The aspects covered include characteristics and operating conditions of the supply device and the connection to the vehicle, operators and third party electrical safety, and the characteristics to be complied with by the vehicle with respect to the EVSE-AC, only when the electric vehicle is earthed. Requirements for specific inlet, connector, plug and socket-outlets for electric vehicles are referred in AIS-038(Rev.1). This standard does not cover all safety aspects related to maintenance. This standard is not applicable to trolley buses, rail vehicles and off-road industrial vehicles. | x | ||||
| National Mission on Transformative Mobility and Storage | 2019 | Utilise vehicle infrastructure tax revenue from ICEs to fund charging and battery-swapping infrastructure development. Charging infrastructure includes plug standards, signage, etiquette and social norms, parking integration, etc. Offer smart charging chips and preferential, reduced off-peak tariffs for EVs at the utility level. | x | ||||
| FAME India | 2019 | In addition, creation of charging infrastructure is also supported under the Scheme. The Ministry of Heavy Industries had sanctioned 520 Charging Stations/ Infrastructureunder the Phase-I of FAME India Scheme. Further, this Ministry hasalso sanctioned 2,877 Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in 68 cities across 25 States/UTs and1576 charging stations across 9 Expressways and 16 Highways under Phase II of FAME IndiaScheme. | x | ||||
| India's Electric Mobility Transformation | 2019 | MoP issued a clarification stating that charging EVs is considered a service, not a sale of electricity, meaning that no license is required to operate EV charging stations. DST launched a Grand Challenge for developing the Indian Standards for Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure. Additionally, Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) has notified general requirements for EV charging based on CCS & Chademo charging standards. MoHUA released an amendment of building code and town planning rules for provisioning of EV charging stations in private and commercial buildings. MoP issued a policy on charging infrastructure to enable faster adoption of EVs. The policy permits private charging at residences and offices where tariff for supply of electricity to EV charging station shall not be more than the average cost of supply plus 15 percent. The Cabinet approved FAME II, the second phase of the scheme for Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of (Hybrid &) Electric Vehicles in India. The scheme has a total outlay of Rs. 10,000 crores, to be used for upfront incentives on the purchase of EVs as well as supporting the development of charging infrastructure. The program will be implemented over a period of three years, effective from 1 April 2019. Significant investment is being mobilised by the private sector to manufacture and install electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) infrastructure across India. This includes charging and battery swapping technologies. Moreover, the Indian Railways has announced its intention to allocate space for electric vehicle charging stations at their station parking lots. Railways authorities aim to invite private sector participation by issuing tenders to create this infrastructure. Public sector units in India have signed several Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs) with aggregators to develop dedicated EV charging stations across Indian cities. | x | ||||
| Electric Vehicle Conductive DC Charging System | 2018 | This standard gives the requirements for DC electric vehicle (EV) charging stations, herein also referred to as "DC charger", for conductive connection to the vehicle, with an AC or DC input voltage up to 1000 V AC and up to 1500 V DC (as per IS 12360/IEC 60038). This standard includes information on EV for conductive connection, but limited to the necessary content for describing the power and signaling interface. This part covers DC output voltages up to 1500 V. Typical diagrams and variation of DC charging systems are shown in Annex D. This standard does not cover all safety aspects related to maintenance. This part specifies the DC charging systems A, B and C as defined in Annexes A, B and C. Typical configuration of DC EV charging system is shown in Annex E. This standard provides the general requirements for the control communication between a DC EV charging station and an EV. The requirements for digital communication between DC EV charging station and electric vehicle for control of DC charging are defined in this standard. This standard also applies to digital communication between a DC EV charging station and an electric road vehicle (EV) for control of DC charging, with an AC or DC input voltage up to 1000 V AC and up to 1500 V DC for the conductive charging procedure. The EV charging mode is external DC. Annexes F, G, and H give descriptions of digital communications for control of DC charging specific to DC EV charging systems A, B and C as defined in this standard. | x | ||||
| Electric Vehicle Conductive AC Charging System | 2017 | This standard applies to charging electric road vehicles at standard a.c. supply voltages (as per IS 12360/IEC 60038) up to 1000 V and for providing electrical power for any additional services on the vehicle if required when connected to the supply network. Electric road vehicles (EV) implies all road vehicles (2/3/4 Wheelers), including plug in hybrid road vehicles (PHEV), that derive all or part of their energy from on-board batteries. The aspects covered include characteristics and operating conditions of the supply device and the connection to the vehicle, operators and third party electrical safety, and the characteristics to be complied with by the vehicle with respect to the EVSE-AC, only when the EV is earthed. Requirements for specific inlet, connector, plug and socket-outlets for EVs are referred in AIS-038(Rev.1). This standard does not cover all safety aspects related to maintenance. This standard is not applicable to trolley buses, rail vehicles and off-road industrial vehicles. | x |
EV in freight
| India's priority corridors for Zero-emission trucking | 2025 | Under the e-FAST (Electric Freight Accelerator for Sustainable Transport) platform, public and private partners have committed to deploying 550 electric trucks along key freight corridors in Gujarat and Maharashtra. According to NITI Aayog, ZETs are projected to reach 85% of truck sales in India by 2050 | x | ||||
| "Harit Sagar" Green Port Guidelines | 2023 | All future procurements of Port vehicles and cargo handling & other equipments shall preferably be electrically driven / electrically powered or should be compatible with low carbon greener fuels viz., CNG, Methanol, Ethanol, Ammonia, Hydrogen Fuel Cell etc. | x | ||||
| Goods on the Move | 2018 | Electric delivery vehicles: electrification of urban delivery can also reduce overall urban delivery costs by substantially reducing the fuel costs of carriers at an acceptable upfront capital cost. | x |
EV in public transport
| FAME India | 2019 | This phase mainly focuses on supporting electrification of public & shared transportation, and aims to support through demand incentive 7090 eBuses, 5 lakh e-3 Wheelers, 55000 e-4 Wheeler Passenger Cars and 10 lakh e-2 Wheelers. | x | ||||
| India's Electric Mobility Transformation | 2019 | NITI Aayog released a concessionaire Agreement for public private partnership in operation and maintenance of electric buses in cities through Operating Expenditure (OPEX) model. This would reduce the requirement of upfront capital as the lease would be signed on a per‑kilometer basis. | x | ||||
| National Urban Transport Policy | 2014 | Cities would be encouraged to adopt such green erickshaws as a part of UT and formulate policy to regulate their ownership, driver's license, their movement, fare structure, etc. | x | x |
EV mandates/ procurement
| Motor Vehicles Aggregator Guidelines | 2025 | The aggregator shall mandatorily adhere to the targets fixed for inclusion of electric vehicles in their fleet. The targets shall be fixed by an appropriate Government organization responsible for regulating air quality or by the State Government | x | ||||
| COP26 declaration on accelerating the transition to 100% zero emission cars and vans | 2022 | Call on all developed countries to strengthen the collaboration and international support offer to facilitate a global, equitable and just transition | x | ||||
| FAME India | 2019 | This phase mainly focuses on supporting electrification of public & shared transportation, and aims to support through demand incentive 7090 eBuses, 5 lakh e-3 Wheelers, 55000 e-4 Wheeler Passenger Cars and 10 lakh e-2 Wheelers. | x |
EV manufacturing
| Guidelines for the Scheme to Promote Manufacturing of Electric Passenger Cars in India (SPMEPCI) | 2025 | The Government of India vide notification S.O. No. 1363(E) dated 15th March 2024 has notified the Scheme to Promote Manufacturing of Electric Passengers Cars in India (herein referred to as ―SPMEPCI‖ or ―the Scheme‖) to attract investments from global electric passenger car manufacturers, generate employment opportunities, achieve the goal of ―Make in India‖ and promote India as a manufacturing destination for electric passenger cars. | x | ||||
| PM E-DRIVE 2025 - Operational Guidelines -(e-Truck) | 2025 | The e-trucks must comply with the phased manufacturing programme (PMP) and performance & efficiency eligibility criteria as per the provisions of the Scheme. Whenever a new milestone occurs within any Phased Manufacturing Programme (PMP) or if a new PMP is issued, OEMs/ applicants will be required to obtain fresh PM E-DRIVE certification from the testing agencies. | x | ||||
| TECHNICAL ROADMAP FOR DEPLOYMENT OF ZERO-EMISSION TRUCKING IN INDIA | 2024 | Develop vehicles for optimal application(s) along with OEMs with matching interface systems for induction charging. Debug and publish designs and specifications, including supply chain and special manufacturing criteria. Benchmark power densities, pack sizes for batteries, number of packs, common application ranges, and current range estimation methodologies in discussion with OEMs. | x | ||||
| India's Long-Term Low-Carbon Development Strategy | 2022 | Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Hybrid and Electric Vehicles (FAME India) scheme, Stage I and II. | x | ||||
| National Mission on Transformative Mobility and Storage | 2019 | Assess feasibility and develop action plan for providing OEMs additional excise duty reductions for producing EVs designed for TNC drivers | x | ||||
| India's Electric Mobility Transformation | 2019 | The Cabinet approved FAME II, the second phase of the scheme for Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of (Hybrid &) Electric Vehicles in India. The scheme has a total outlay of Rs. 10,000 crores, to be used for upfront incentives on the purchase of EVs as well as supporting the development of charging infrastructure. The program will be implemented over a period of three years, effective from 1 April 2019. The Cabinet approved the National Mission on Transformative Mobility and Battery Storage, which will drive clean, connected, shared, sustainable and holistic mobility initiatives. The Mission aims at creation of a Phased Manufacturing Programme (PMP) for five years, to support setting up of large‑scale, export‑competitive integrated batteries and cell‑manufacturing giga plants in India, as well as localizing production across the entire electric vehicle value chain. | x | ||||
| National Electric Mobility Mission Plan 2020 | 2012 | · The creation of the local manufacturing eco-system will be boosted through the firm localization commitments that will be kept as preconditions for manufactures to qualify for the demand incentives. | x |
EV pilot projects
| India's priority corridors for Zero-emission trucking | 2025 | ZET corridor pilots are also being deployed along the Bengaluru-Chennai [21] and Chennai-Tiruchirappalli [22] highways through collaborations among OEMs, charging infrastructure providers, policymakers, and civil society organisations. Several states have moved to prioritise corridor deployment to accelerate ZET adoption. For example, the Telangana ZET Accelerator initiative plans to identify and develop priority ZET corridors for concentrated ZET deployment | x |
Economic instruments - General
| "Harit Sagar" Green Port Guidelines | 2023 | (i) To promote sustainability, the Green Ship incentives may be introduced at Ports to motivate the green culture at ports. The ships (EXIM/Coastal), which are using cleaner fuel, as compared to conventional fuel, and vessels having shore power reception facility to accommodate the full running load at berth, including cargo handling equipment, may be incentivized in terms of queue priority or rebate in berth dues. (ii) Private Craft Operators at port using alternate fuel (green fuel) such as Methanol, Ethanol, Hydrogen Fuel Cell technology etc. may also be suitably incentivized. (iii) Private operators / stevedores / agents /exporters / importers at Port who are running their equipment / vehicles with green fuel / electric for all its fleet may be identified and recognized through green certification and may be suitably incentivized. (iv) All truck operators who use the green fuel i.e. CNG/LNG/Hydrogen and its derivative or electric fleet may be identified and incentivized. | x |
Education and behavior change - General
| India's Long-Term Low-Carbon Development Strategy | 2022 | Behavioural interventions and public awareness programmes. |
Energy efficient vehicle incentives excl. EVs
| Voluntary Vehicle Fleet Modernization Program Handbook | 2022 | Auto OEMs have been advised to provide 5% discount on purchase of new vehicle against the certificate of deposit | x | ||||
| Moving Forward Together | 2018 | Incentives may help shift users from private vehicle use. To encourage the use of shared modes, cities should test incentives that support adoption of shared services and promote higher occupancy of vehicles. | x | ||||
| National Road Transport Policy | 2016 | Provide fiscal incentives to encourage Public Bus Transport | x |
Environment impact assessment
| "Harit Sagar" Green Port Guidelines | 2023 | Conduct appropriate environmental impact assessments for both Port projects and Port development plans. All Ports shall have approved Environment Management Guidelines, Environment Management Plan & a dedicated Environment Cell to review and monitor the environment compliance in the Port. All Ports to carry out an Independent Annual Environment Audit by a credible agency and report of the same shall be uploaded on the Port's website annually before 30th April of every year. | x | ||||
| The Inland Vessels Act, 2021 | 2021 | The Central Government shall, by notification, designate the list of chemicals, any ingredients or substance carried as bunker or as cargo, or any substance in any form discharged from any mechanically propelled inland vessel, as pollutants. (2) The owner or master of any mechanically propelled inland vessel shall discharge or dispose of the sewage and garbage in accordance with such standards and manner as may be prescribed by the Central Government. (3) No mechanically propelled inland vessel shall cause pollution by discharging or dumping of pollutants designated under sub-section (1): Provided that nothing in this sub-section shall apply to the discharge dump or emission of such oil or oily mixture, hazardous chemical or obnoxious substance or any other pollutant, as the case may be, from a mechanically propelled inland vessel for the purpose of securing the safety of any mechanically propelled inland vessel, preventing damage to another mechanically propelled inland vessel, cargo or saving of life at inland waters. | x | ||||
| The Recycling of Ships Act, 2019 | 2019 | Every Ship Recycler shall,— (a) ensure safe and environmentally sound removal and management of hazardous materials from a ship; and (b) comply with such requirements related to basic infrastructure facilities including those related to environmentally safe disposal or management of wastes and hazardous materials, in such manner as may be specified by the regulations. 22. Obligation on Ship Recycler to take measures for protection of environment.––(1) Every Ship Recycler shall,— (i) ensure that there is no damage caused to the environment in any form due to the recycling activities at the ship recycling facility; and (ii) take necessary measures for protection of the environment. (2) In case of oil spill in the facility, the Ship Recycler shall be served a notice by the Competent Authority to take remedial action in such manner as may be specified by the regulations. (3) For contravention of the provisions of this section, the Ship Recycler shall be liable to pay such environmental damages and cleanup operation compensation in such manner as may be prescribed. | x | ||||
| Policy on Airport Infrastructure, 2011 - reg | 2011 | 1. The operation ofairports has to be in fullaccord with the provisions relating to prevention of air, water and noise pollution. All effluents would require to be treated before these are allowed to leave the airports. There will be close liaison with state governments and municipal authorities to maintain cleanliness and remove encroachments in airports and surrounding areas, so as to obviate the menace of bird hits. Large scale plantations and other ecofriendly activities like construction of golf courses would be encouraged around airports, both for environmental purposes as also to provide relaxation to transit passengers. Such environmental issues would need close interaction with regional planning bodies. 2. The airportswould be set up afterthe requisite environmental clearances and a time-frame of 90 days would be prescribed by Ministry of Environment and Forests for completing the processing of applications for such clearances. 3. lmproved connectivity between airports and adjacent population centers should form an integral part of each airport infrastructure development proiects and not be left to evolve by itself. | x | ||||
| THE MERCHANT SHIPPING ACT, 1958 | 1958 | Issue of pollution prevention certificate.―(1) No Indian oil tanker or other Indian ship shall proceed to sea unless there is in force, in respect of that ship, a certificate issued by the Central Government, to be called an international oil pollution prevention certificate, in such form, for such duration and subject to such conditions as may be prescribed. (2) No Indian oil tanker or other Indian ship carrying noxious liquid substances in bulk shall proceed to sea except with a certificate issued by the Central Government, to be called an international pollution prevention certificate, in such form, for such duration and subject to such conditions as may be prescribed for the carriage of noxious liquid substances in bulk. (3) No Indian oil tanker or other Indian ship to which Annexure IV of the Convention applies shall proceed to sea except with a certificate issued by the Central Government, to be called an international sewage pollution prevention certificate, in such form, for such duration and subject to such conditions as may be prescribed. (1) Where the Central Government is satisfied that― (a) 2 [oil or noxious liquid substance] is escaping or is likely to escape from a tanker, a ship other than a tanker or any off-shore installation; and (b) the 2 [oil or noxious liquid substance] so escaped or likely to escape is causing or threatens to cause pollution of any part of coasts or coastal waters of India, it may, for the purpose of minimising the pollution already caused, or, for preventing the pollution threatened to be caused, require― (i) the owner, agent, master or charterer of the tanker, (ii) the owner, agent, master or charterer of the ship other than a tanker, (iii) the owner, agent, master, charterer or operator of a mobile off-shore installation, (iv) the owner, operator, lessee or licensee of off-shore installation of any other type, or all or any of them, by notice served on him or as the case may be on them, to take such action in relation to the tanker, ship other than a tanker, mobile off-shore installation, or, as the case may be, off-shore installation of any other type or its cargo or in relation to both, as may be specified in such notice. | x |
Express lanes/ public transport priority
| National Mission on Transformative Mobility and Storage | 2019 | Provide nonfiscal incentives, including priority access to bus and HOV lanes at metros and airports and in public parking areas, registration benefits, etc. | x | ||||
| National Urban Transport Policy | 2014 | Similarly lanes could be reserved for vehicles that carry more than three persons (popularly known as high occupancy vehicle lanes. | x | x | x |
Financial instruments to support decarbonisation - General
| NATIONAL GREEN HYDROGEN MISSION | 2023 | The Mission will lead to significant decarbonisation of the economy, reduced dependence on fossil fuel imports, and enable India to assume technology and market leadership in Green Hydrogen. The Mission will support replacement of fossil fuels and fossil fuel based feedstocks with renewable fuels and feedstocks based on Green Hydrogen. For certain applications such as long-haul mobility, decentralized Green Hydrogen production would be essential. Hydrogen refuelling stations in the cities and along highways could be connected to decentralized renewable energy (RE) plants for in-situ production of Green Hydrogen. The Mission proposes to support deployment of FCEV buses and trucks, in a phased manner on a pilot basis. Financial assistance will be provided to close the viability gap due to the relatively higher capital cost of FCEVs in the initial years. The learnings from the pilot projects will help inter-city bus and truck operators (including State Transport Undertakings) in gaining experience with the deployment and usage of Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and refuelling technologies. The Mission will also explore the possibility of blending Green Hydrogen-based Methanol/Ethanol and other synthetic fuels derived from Green Hydrogen in automobile fuels. | x | ||||
| Voluntary Vehicle Fleet Modernization Program Handbook | 2022 | Scrap Value for the old vehicle given by the scrapping centre, approximately 4-6% of ex-showroom price of a new vehicle. Increased fees for fitness test and issuance of fitness certificate for commercial vehicles which are more than 15 years old. Increased re-registration fees for private vehicles which are more than 15 years old • Draft notification issued for higher fees for fitness certificate, fitness test, and re-registration | |||||
| National Logistics Policy | 2022 | Financial and fiscal incentives, by way of review of GST rates, and regulatory interventions to promote multimodal transportation, optimal modal mix, higher throughputs, energy efficiency through adoption of technologies, etc. would be developed through the relevant line ministries and will be invoked when feasible and necessary. |
Fossil fuel subsidy rationalization
| First Nationally Determined Contribution - IND | 2016 | India has cut subsidies and increased taxes on fossil fuels (petrol and diesel) turning a carbon subsidy regime into one of carbon taxation. | x |
Fuel quality improvement
| India: Fourth Biennial Update Report | 2024 | The Auto Fuel Policy of 2003 aimed to curtail vehicular emissions through stringent fuel quality standards and efficient fuel supply measures. Significant amendments were made to The Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989, by 2018, requiring vehicles manufactured before April 1, 2020, to meet BS-IV standards, notable for reducing sulphur emissions by 80%. Introduced in FY 2017-18 and the second phase of norms was started in FY 2022- 23, CAFE Norms for passenger vehicles aim to reduce overall fuel consumption. These norms, coupled with standards for heavy-duty and light commercial vehicles introduced in 2017 and 2019, respectively, have led to significant avoidance of emissions. | x | ||||
| Auto Fuel Vision and Policy 2025 | 2015 | The supply of fuels from the refineries will have to switch over from the existing BS III/BS IV mix, to 100% BS IV supply. Gasoline sulphur will shift from 150/50 ppm mix to entirely 50 ppm level and aromatics from 42%/35% to entirely 35% level. Similarly, for meeting 100% BS IV diesel supply, the entire stream component for diesel will need to be hydro-treated, as sulphur in diesel will shift from 350/50 ppm mix to entirely 50 ppm level. | x | ||||
| Indian Standard MOTOR GASOLINE — SPECIFICATION | 2008 | An Amendment to incorporate the provision of 10 percent ethanol blending in motor gasoline (El O) in the present version (fourth revision ) was initiated after the firmlization of this standard, which has since been final ized and approved by the Committee. Provision had been made under Note 7 that MFA which are certified against National Generic Certification Option as per US – EPA -97 final rule (40 CFR part 80 certification standards for deposits control additives) can also be used by fuel Refiners/ Marketers at treatment level not less than the lowest additive concentration (LAC) limits, as these MFAs meet the criteria for acceptance. The requirements envisaged in target specification for motor gasoline would be as per the requirements for vehicles meeting Bharat Stage IV/Euro IV Vehicular Emission Norms. | x |
Fuel tax
| Amendment to National Civil Aviation Policy | 2023 | RCS will be made operational only in those States which reduce VAT on Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF)at these airports to 1% or less for a period of 10 years. Excise duty at a rate of 2% shall be levied on Aviation Fuel drawn by operators from the RCS airports for an initial period of three yearsfrom the date of notification. | x | ||||
| `RURAL ROAD DEVELOPMENT PLAN : VISION 2025' | 2007 | The major source of fund for development of rural roads is now the Central Road Fund. As per the CRF Act, 2000, half of the cess on diesel is earmarked for rural roads. | x | ||||
| The Central Road and Infrastructure Fund Act, 2000 | 2000 | Notwithstanding anything contained in clause (viii) of sub-section (1), the Central Government shall, with effect from the 1st day of March, 2005, allocate fifty paise from the amount of rupee two as amended by sections 119 and 120 of the Finance Act, 2005 as the additional duty of customs and the additional duty of excise on petrol, levied under sub-section (1) of section 103 and sub-section (1) of section 111, as the case may be, of the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1998 (21 of 1998) and the additional duty of customs and the additional duty of excise on high speed diesel oil levied under sub-section (1) of section 116 and sub-section (1) of section 133, as the case may be, of the Finance Act, 1999 (27 of 1999), exclusively for the development and maintenance of national highways. | x |
Green aviation program
| Amendment to National Civil Aviation Policy | 2023 | All airports should undertake energy audit and adopt an energy conservation plan. All greenfield airports should have a concrete plan of energy efficiency and conservation. Airports should also have their own waste management facilities for solid and liquid waste. | x | ||||
| India's Long-Term Low-Carbon Development Strategy | 2022 | Flexible usage of airspace, single engine taxing, continuous descent approach, airport carbon accreditation programmes in the aviation sector, carbon offsetting and reduction scheme in International Aviation. | x | ||||
| NATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION POLICY 2016 | 2016 | MoCA will strengthen policy guidelines on energy conservation, sustainable practices, improvements in emission measurement and information dissemination; training and awareness building. All airports should undertake energy audit and adopt an energy conservation plan. All Greenfield airports should have a concrete plan of energy efficiency and conservation. Airports should also have their own waste management facilities for solid and liquid waste. | x |
Green logistics program
| National Logistics Policy | 2022 | GHG Calculator to calculate carbon emission data per shipment basis on the mode of transport. To improve sustainability across logistics sector, plans to include measures to promote adoption, address issues of energy efficiency and environmental footprint and circular economy through a system of financial incentives, regulatory interventions, where necessary, etc. |
Green shipping program
| "Harit Sagar" Green Port Guidelines | 2023 | (i) Ports shall use energy efficient equipments / material viz. LED smart lighting system, highest energy rating equipments such as AC, Fans, Electronic devices etc. to reduce the energy consumption demand. (ii) No vehicles to be permitted inside the port area without PUC certificate (iv) All new buildings shall be built by adopting “Green Building” concept. Discharge of any wastewater/ bilge water/ oily bilge/ wastewater generated from ships shall be prohibited in the Port waters. Environment Cell, a dedicated unit of competent trained personnel for sustainable and environment friendly Port operation, to give suggestions/recommendation to management for effective implementation of environment compliance. To promote sustainability, the Green Ship incentives may be introduced at Ports to motivate the green culture at ports. The ships (EXIM/Coastal), which are using cleaner fuel, as compared to conventional fuel, and vessels having shore power reception facility to accommodate the full running load at berth, including cargo handling equipment, may be incentivized in terms of queue priority or rebate in berth dues. Private Craft Operators at port using alternate fuel (green fuel) such as Methanol, Ethanol, Hydrogen Fuel Cell technology etc. may also be suitably incentivized. | x | ||||
| India's Long-Term Low-Carbon Development Strategy | 2022 | Green shipping and IT enabled management of ports in the maritime sector Green Ports Initiative. | x | ||||
| Maritime India Vision 2030 | 2021 | Drive adherence to National Action Plan for green shipping for safety and quality of vessels; ensure uniform HSSE regulations and policies across all ports | x | ||||
| Inland Vessels Act 2021 | 2021 | 52. (1) The Central Government shall, by notification, designate the list of chemicals, any ingredients or substance carried as bunker or as cargo, or any substance in any form discharged from any mechanically propelled inland vessel, as pollutants. (2) The owner or master of any mechanically propelled inland vessel shall discharge or dispose of the sewage and garbage in accordance with such standards and manner as may be prescribed by the Central Government. (3) No mechanically propelled inland vessel shall cause pollution by discharging or dumping of pollutants designated under sub-section (1): | x |
High density development
| National Urban Transport Policy | 2014 | Compact cities, redevelopment of inner city areas, mixed land use pattern, etc. are some of the urban growth policies that will restrict transport demand. | x | x | x |
Hydrogen
| India: Fourth Biennial Update Report | 2024 | development of advanced biofuels and hydrogen-based fuels for maritime and aerial transport | x | x | |||
| "Harit Sagar" Green Port Guidelines | 2023 | (ii) Ports shall make an action plan and implement the projects to achieve the targets set for the Ports / Port Crafts in the “National Green Hydrogen Mission”, including creation of infrastructure at select Ports for storage, bunkering and refueling of Green Hydrogen and its derivative, within the targeted timelines. | x | ||||
| NATIONAL GREEN HYDROGEN MISSION | 2023 | The Mission will lead to significant decarbonisation of the economy, reduced dependence on fossil fuel imports, and enable India to assume technology and market leadership in Green Hydrogen. The Mission will support replacement of fossil fuels and fossil fuel based feedstocks with renewable fuels and feedstocks based on Green Hydrogen. For certain applications such as long-haul mobility, decentralized Green Hydrogen production would be essential. Hydrogen refuelling stations in the cities and along highways could be connected to decentralized renewable energy (RE) plants for in-situ production of Green Hydrogen. Port infrastructure required to enable exports of Green Hydrogen derivatives, and pipelines to facilitate bulk transport of Green Hydrogen will also be developed. Ministry of Road Transport and Highways will enable adoption of green hydrogen in the transport sector through regulations, standards, and codes, primarily for heavy commercial vehicles and long-haul operations. MoRTH will also facilitate technology development for adoption of green hydrogen in the transport sector through testing facilities, pilot projects, and provide support for infrastructure development. Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways (MoPSW) will play a crucial role in establishing India's export capabilities for green hydrogen and its derivatives. MoPSW will facilitate development of the required infrastructure including storage bunkers, port operations equipment, and refuelling facilities. MoPSW will also drive the adoption of hydrogen/derivatives (ammonia/methanol) as propulsion fuel for ships. The Ministry will also work towards making India a green hydrogen/derivative refuelling hub. Ministry of Railways will work on transitioning towards adoption of green hydrogen in their operations in view of its ambitious plans to reduce the carbon footprint. Accordingly, Railways is also expected to play an integral role for transporting green hydrogen and its derivates. For this, the Ministry will put in place the necessary regulations and standards. Coordinated efforts will be required to establish a robust ecosystem of regulations and standards to enable safe and rapid scaling up of projects for production, delivery, storage and use of hydrogen. MNRE will anchor this activity in partnership with Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade, Bureau of Indian Standards, Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, and associated agencies. The Mission proposes to support deployment of FCEV buses and trucks, in a phased manner on a pilot basis. Financial assistance will be provided to close the viability gap due to the relatively higher capital cost of FCEVs in the initial years. The learnings from the pilot projects will help inter-city bus and truck operators (including State Transport Undertakings) in gaining experience with the deployment and usage of Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and refuelling technologies. The Mission will also explore the possibility of blending Green Hydrogen-based Methanol/Ethanol and other synthetic fuels derived from Green Hydrogen in automobile fuels. Shipping and Port operations are among the key sectors likely to drive the future Green Hydrogen demand and trade. Maritime transport and Ports have significant potential for decarbonisation through use of Green Hydrogen or its derivatives such as Green Ammonia and Green Methanol as fuel for propulsion and other operations. Prospects include development of Green Hydrogen/Ammonia refuelling hubs at Indian ports; development and operation of Green Hydrogen/Ammonia fuelled vessels; use of Green Hydrogen/Ammonia to fuel zero-emission technologies for vehicles and terminal equipment at ports; and development of supply chains and capabilities to support future export of Green Hydrogen/Ammonia from India. Significant efforts are already underway for building a standards and regulatory framework for enabling the Hydrogen ecosystem. The Bureau of Indian Standards has been developing and notifying standards to address many crucial aspects, including direct adoption of relevant international standards wherever feasible. Standards and Regulations specific to automotive applications are also being developed by the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways. Other Ministries/Departments will implement green hydrogen projects in respective sectors (including fertilizers, refining, natural gas, transport, shipping, steel, etc), under the overall guidance of the EG. In order to ensure a coordinated approach, line Ministries responsible for Green Hydrogen projects will also create dedicated Green Hydrogen cells to coordinate the respective activities under the Mission. The Mission will significantly decarbonise the identified industrial sectors and prepare a foundation for similar transition in other emerging sectors like steel, shipping, energy storage, and long-haul mobility. Nearly 50 MMT per annum of CO2 emissions are expected to be averted as a result of the various Green Hydrogen initiatives under the Mission. Ultimately, use of Green Hydrogen will play a crucial role in ensuring India's energy independence and Net Zero goals. | x | x | x | x | |
| India's Long-Term Low-Carbon Development Strategy | 2022 | National Green Hydrogen Mission: The mission is expected to generate a production capacity of five million tonnes of green hydrogen per annum. Phase I of the Mission is focused on demand generation, while Phase II aims at accelerated production of green hydrogen. India is also aiming to emerge as a green hydrogen fuelling hub for maritime transport, with connectivity between ports and hydrogen producing facilities. | x |
Improving aviation load factor
| NATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION POLICY 2016 | 2016 | Continuance of VGF for a particular route will be subject to appropriate Passenger Load Factor continuously for a prescribed period and subject to review after 3 years. | x |
Incentives for EVs and components
| Operational Guidelines for deployment of EV Public Charging Station (EV PCS) under the PM E-DRIVE Scheme. | 2025 | Public Battery Swapping Stations (BSS) and Battery Charging Stations (BCS) will be eligible for financial support only for upstream infrastructure. These stations must comply with the MoP guidelines issued vide No. 12/2/2018-EV dated 10 th January 2025 on the subject “Guidelines for Installation and Operation of Battery Swapping and Charging Stations” or as amended from time to time. The scheme will provide subsidies for deployment of EV Public Charging Stations and Battery Swapping Stations (BSS) / Battery Charging Stations (BCS). The subsidy will be provided on the Upstream Infrastructure costs, however, in certain cases, subsidy may also be provided for EV Supply Equipment (EVSE) costs | x | ||||
| PM E-DRIVE 2025 - Operational Guidelines -(e-Truck) | 2025 | 2.1. The following categories of e-trucks, as defined in the Central Motor Vehicle Rules (CMVR) will be eligible for the Demand Incentives under the Scheme: i. N2 – Gross vehicle weight (GVW) exceeding 3.5 tonnes but not exceeding 12 tonnes, ii. N3 – GVW exceeding 12 tonnes but not exceeding 55 tonnes, iii. The incentive will be applicable only for the “puller tractor” of N3 category in case of an articulated vehicle (tractor-trailer combination). 2.6. The Demand Incentive to be provided to e-trucks will be lower of the following: a. ₹5,000 multiplied by the battery capacity in kilowatt-hour (kWh), b. 10% of the ex-factory price (excluding trailer), c. Maximum incentive based on GVW as per Table 2 | x | ||||
| Gazette 264519-E-Trucks dated 10.07.2025 | 2025 | Table 1 Maximum incentive per e-truck for each GVW category Table 2 Minimum warranty for e-trucks | x | ||||
| India: Fourth Biennial Update Report | 2024 | offering tax benefits to EV owners. Launched in 2013, the National Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP) 2020 aims to achieve national fuel security by promoting hybrid and electric vehicles in the country. Government aims to provide fiscal and monetary incentives to kick start this nascent technology | x | ||||
| PM Electric Drive Revolution in Innovative Vehicle Enhancement (PM E-DRIVE) Scheme | 2024 | States need to offer bouquet of fiscal and non-fiscal incentives. Some such incentives may include waiver / concessional road tax, exemption from permit, waiver / concessional toll tax, waiver / concessional parking fees, concessional registration charges, etc. | x | ||||
| PM E-DRIVE 2024 - Operational Guidelines -(e-2W & e-3W) | 2024 | It is proposed to extend demand incentive @ ₹5,000/- per kWh for e-2W/ e-3W registered in FY 2024-25 and ₹2,500/- per kWh for e-2W/ e-3W registered in FY 2025-26 of the Scheme. Further, there will be year-wise capping of incentive per vehicle as specified in the Scheme Notification or 15% of ex-factory price for e-2W/ e-3W, whichever is lower. In case of e-trucks, incentive will be provided only against furnishing scrapping certificate issued by MoRTH authorised registered vehicle scrapping facility(ies) (RVSF) for ICE trucks of equal or higher gross vehicle weight (GVW). Transferability of RVSF scrapping certificate shall be as per norms of MoRTH. A monitoring system to confirm the scrapping certificate will be put in place. The eligible grant to be provided to e-buses will be determined as lowest of the following: a. ₹10,000 multiplied by battery capacity measured in kWh b. Maximum incentive according to size of bus, as per table in para 2.8 above. c. 20% of cost of e-bus according to the price discovered through competitive bidding by CESL | x | ||||
| Operational Guidelines for Electric Mobility Promotion Scheme-2024 | 2024 | .1. The Government of India has notified the Electric Mobility Promotion Scheme (EMPS)-2024 for promotion of electric mobility in the country. 1.2. 1.3. The EMPS-2024, with an outlay of Rs.500 crore, will be implemented over a period 4 months w.e.f. 1st April 2024 till 31st July 2024, for faster adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) i.e. electric two wheeler (e-2W) & three wheeler (e-3W), and development of EV manufacturing eco-system in the country. The Scheme is proposed to be implemented through the following components: i. Subsidies: Demand Incentives for e-2W & e-3W, and ii. Administration of the Scheme including IEC (Information, Education & Communication) activities and fee for project management agency (PMA). ll vehicles need to be registered under CMVR, 1989 for becoming eligible for reimbursement of demand incentives/ support. t is proposed to extend demand incentive @Rs.5,000/- per kWh of the battery capacity (i.e. energy content measured in kWh) for e-2W/ e-3W registered during the Scheme period. Further, there will be capping of incentive per vehicle as specified in Annexure-IV of the Scheme 2.7. Notification or 15% of ex-factory price for e-2w/ e-3w, whichever is lower. It is proposed to restrict demand incentives to EVs with ex-factory price less than a particular threshold value as defined in the Annexure-IV of the Scheme notification. | x | ||||
| India's Long-Term Low-Carbon Development Strategy | 2022 | Production-Linked Incentive Scheme (PLI) for advanced chemistry cell and advanced automotive technology. | x | ||||
| Draft Battery Swapping Policy | 2022 | This Policy highlights the possible ways in which various national and sub-national government agencies and Public Sector Enterprises (PSEs) may provide direct and indirect financial support to Battery Providers (for the cost of batteries) and EV users (for the upfront cost of purchasing EVs), with the aim of driving EV adoption by lowering the costs of EVs for users, relative to ICE vehicles. Vehicles with swappable batteries will be sold without a battery, providing the benefit of lower purchase costs to potential EV owners. It is proposed that demand side incentives offered under existing or new schemes for EV purchase can be made available to EVs with swappable batteries eligible under this policy | x | ||||
| National Mission on Transformative Mobility and Storage | 2019 | Assess feasibility and develop action plan for providing OEMs additional excise duty reductions for producing EVs designed for TNC drivers. Decrease risk for manufacturers by incentivizing EVs for most fleet operations in cities; this could be achieved through a supportive policy environment and promulgation of innovative business models. Provide more favorable excise duties for EVs and PHEVs by lowering both rates further; and prioritize Make in India | x | ||||
| India's Electric Mobility Transformation | 2019 | MoF rationalized the customs duty for all categories of vehicles, battery packs and cells to support Make in India and incentivize uptake of electric vehicles (Notification no. 03/2019-Customs). The Cabinet approved FAME II, the second phase of the scheme for Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of (Hybrid &) Electric Vehicles in India. The scheme has a total outlay of Rs. 10,000 crores, to be used for upfront incentives on the purchase of EVs as well as supporting the development of charging infrastructure. The program will be implemented over a period of three years, effective from 1 April 2019. | x | ||||
| National Electric Mobility Mission Plan 2020 | 2012 | · The creation of the local manufacturing eco-system will be boosted through the firm localization commitments that will be kept as preconditions for manufactures to qualify for the demand incentives. | x |
Informal public transport (IPT)/ paratransit measures improvement - General
| Green Urban Mobility Scheme MoHUA | 2023 | 20,000 para transit and 6000 buses on alternate fuel/ electric across 103 cities | x | ||||
| National Mission on Transformative Mobility and Storage | 2019 | Modify policies to permit all intermediate public transit modes—from 2-wheelers to public buses—to pick up and drop off travelers at these transport hubs, with priority lane access and parking for shared EVs and private taxi EVs | x | ||||
| Metro Rail Policy 2017 | 2017 | Every proposal for Metro Rail should necessarily include proposals for feeder systems that help to enlarge the catchment area of each metro station at least to 5 kms. Last mile connectivity through pedestrian pathways, Non-Motorized Transport (NMT) infrastructure, and induction of facilities for para transit modes will be essential requirements for availing any central assistance for the proposed metro rail projects. | x | ||||
| Three Year Action Agenda 2017-18 to 2019-20 | 2017 | We should shift the coverage of public transport systems to clusters rather than individual locations (cities, towns or villages). By 2020, we also need to develop plans for feeder services such that they connect remote places to main transit routes. | x | x | |||
| National Urban Transport Policy | 2014 | Para transit modes should be planned to act as feeder service in big cities which have an organized MRT network and should be planned to provide main public transport in small cities. Regulation of para transit modes should be done such that they could be penalized in case of any traffic violations. Training should be imparted to the drivers of these modes as well. Proper parking facilities for these modes should be created. Government of India would support upgrade of the technology of Paratransit and their regulation as a part of PT. Cities would be encouraged to adopt such green erickshaws as a part of UT and formulate policy to regulate their ownership, driver's license, their movement, fare structure, etc. | x | x | x |
Innovations and digitalization - General
| "Harit Sagar" Green Port Guidelines | 2023 | The Ports shall use the digital infrastructure i.e. Sagar Setu-NLP-Marine, EBS, RFID etc. to increase the efficiency of Port operation and in turn reduce the carbon footprint. | x | ||||
| HANDBOOK of ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE IMPLEMENTATION | 2021 | “Smart chargers” with specific capabilities are needed to carry out active EV charging. Smart chargers can also handle passive management instruments like ToD tariffs and more dynamic regimes like Time-of-Use (ToU) tariffs, in which electricity tariffs are adjusted in real time based on demand. | x |
Intelligent transport systems (ITS)
| Indigenous Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Solutions for Indian Traffic Scenario launched under InTranSE -II Program | 2022 | An indigenous Onboard Driver Assistance and Warning System – ODAWS, Bus Signal Priority System and Common SMart iot Connectiv (CoSMiC) software have been launched under Intelligent Transportation System Endeavor for Indian Cities Phase-II initiative of Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) | |||||
| Goods on the Move | 2018 | Intelligent transportation systems use information technology to improve the efficiency of transportation: Various solutions under ITS include Weight-In-Motion (WIM) systems, vehicle location and condition monitoring systems, traffic controlling and monitoring systems, delivery space (for parking) booking systems, route planning systems, location monitoring systems and freight status monitoring systems | x | ||||
| National Road Transport Policy | 2016 | Adopt use of information technology (IT) to enhance efficiency and productivity. IT applications offer new opportunities for PBT which include: (a) e ticketing (b) communication with customers in general (c) (real time) time table information (iv) computer aided maintenance and control systems and; (d) GPS to track and monitor the operations of bus fleet. ITS may be used for automation of the commercial and regulatory documentation that has to accompany commercial vehicles and goods thereby substantially reducing the detention at check post; it can be used for electronic payment of various charges without stopping the vehicle enroute. Similar solution for many other causes of detention may be found through ITS. | x | ||||
| National Urban Transport Policy | 2014 | Government of India would financially encourage use of ITS for multi-modal integration, traffic management system, freight management system, enforcement of traffic rules, incident or emergency management system, integrated control room, parking information and management system. Also cities should develop a common control centre | x | x | x | ||
| National Road Safety Policy | 2010 | Continuing application of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) under a national framework to establish a safe and efficient transport system will be encouraged. | x |
Investment required for specific projects
| India's priority corridors for Zero-emission trucking | 2025 | The central government has allocated ₹500 crore for the purchase of ZETs under the Prime Minister Electric Drive Revolution in Innovative Vehicle Enhancement (PM E-DRIVE) scheme | x |
Involvement of subnational government for transport activities
| India's priority corridors for Zero-emission trucking | 2025 | Several states have moved to prioritise corridor deployment to accelerate ZET adoption. For example, the Telangana ZET Accelerator initiative plans to identify and develop priority ZET corridors for concentrated ZET deployment | x | ||||
| HANDBOOK of ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE IMPLEMENTATION | 2021 | he MoP and MoHUA have set targets for public charging provision and for provision of EV charging in buildings, respectively (see Box C). State and local planning bodies may adopt these suggested targets or mandate more ambitious targets for their regions. SERCs and DISCOMs need to recognize EV charging as a new type of consumer requirement, distinct from existing consumer categories, and adapt the supply code to enable affordable and reliable electricity supply for charging infrastructure. | x |
Just transition
| COP26 declaration on accelerating the transition to 100% zero emission cars and vans | 2022 | Call on all developed countries to strengthen the collaboration and international support offer to facilitate a global, equitable and just transition | x |
LPG/ CNG/ LNG
| India: Fourth Biennial Update Report | 2024 | Implemented under the Jawaharlal Nehru Urban Renewal Mission and the National Urban Transport Policy of 2006, BRTS aims to enhance bus transport by funding buses, creating dedicated lanes, and expanding CNG bus fleets. | |||||
| "Harit Sagar" Green Port Guidelines | 2023 | Ports shall establish at least one LNG bunkering station by the Year 2030 and adequate number of EV charging stations in port campus or nearby area by the year 2025. | x | ||||
| India's Long-Term Low-Carbon Development Strategy | 2022 | Natural Gas Infrastructure Development Plan. Usage of ethanol, compressed natural gas (CBG), biodiesel and liquified natural gas (LNG) as shortterm fuel alternatives. | |||||
| Maritime India Vision 2030 | 2021 | Drive adoption of multi-clean fuels (Electric, CNG, LNG) for vehicles in port ecosystem | x | ||||
| National Mission on Sustainable Habitat 2021-2030 | 2021 | Adoption of cleaner and environment-friendly technologies, such as Electric Vehicles (EV), Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), bio-fuels, etc., and provision of necessary infrastructure. | x | ||||
| Test Method, Testing Equipment and Related Procedures for Type Approval and Conformity of Production (CoP) Testing of M & N Category Vehicles having GVW exceeding 3500 kg for Bharat Stage VI (BS-VI) Emission Norms as per CMV Rules 115, 116 and 126 | 2019 | Requirements on restricted fuel range type-approval in case of positive-ignition engines fuelled with natural gas/biomethane or LPG including dual-fuel engines. Restricted Fuel range type approval shall be granted subject to the requirements specified in clauses 4.7.1 to 4.7.2.3 below. Requirements on Fuel-specific Type-approval in the case of Engines Fuelled with Liquefied Natural Gas/Liquefied Biomethane (LNG). In case of liquefied natural gas/liquefied biomethane, a fuel specific type-approval may be granted subject to the requirements specified in clauses 4.8.1 to 4.8.2. | x | ||||
| National Policy on Biofuels - 2018 | 2018 | Conversion of such wastes into bio-CNG is a model which will be promoted for meeting the energy demand in rural areas, addressing environmental issues and enhancing the efficiency of waste-to-energy conversion processes. Oil Marketing Companies will continue to store, distribute and market biofuels. They will be primarily responsible for maintaining and improving the storage, distribution and marketing infrastructure to meet the requirements of biofuels. | x | ||||
| NATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION POLICY 2016 | 2016 | All equipment operating within the airport environment will be in compliance with latest emission norms by 1 April 2017. Ground handling vehicle will use alternative fuels that can provide significant Local Air Quality (LAQ) emission benefits compared with petrol and diesel equipment. Options include LPG/ CNG vehicles, low emissions vehicles (LEV), hydrogen vehicles, and electric vehicles. | x | ||||
| Auto Fuel Vision and Policy 2025 | 2015 | Though liquid fuels will continue to have major presence due to their reach and ease of logistics, other fuels which may be looked into are: CNG LPG Bio Fuels Electric vehicles Hybrid vehicles Hydrogen/Fuel | x |
Land use - General
| Maritime India Vision 2030 | 2021 | Drive discussions with state and central government to obtain sector-specific incentives (e.g. allot port land for a sector-specific parks) | x | ||||
| HANDBOOK of ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE IMPLEMENTATION | 2021 | INTEGRATE PUBLIC EV CHARGING IN URBAN PLANNING PROCESSES Methods such as town planning schemes and land pooling schemes are used for planned urban growth and expansion. They incorporate parking requirements for planned development. Reserved parking and ancillary infrastructure for public EV charging should be integrated into urban and transport planning practices. | x | ||||
| Metro Rail Policy 2017 | 2017 | There should be a comprehensive approach to planning for urban land use and transport infrastructure | x | x | |||
| NATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION POLICY 2016 | 2016 | MoCA will encourage development of cargo-villages near airports. | x | ||||
| Logistics Efficiency Enhancement Program (LEEP) | 2015 | Exact land parcels need to be identified for development of the proposed 15 multimodal logistics parks in coordination with the State Governments. In addition, the land acquisition model needs to be finalized for the identified land parcels. | |||||
| National Urban Transport Policy | 2014 | development of such integrated land use and transport plans for all cities | x | x | x | ||
| `RURAL ROAD DEVELOPMENT PLAN : VISION 2025' | 2007 | In order to manage the land availability process equitably and in a manner that reflects local concerns, the local community including the Panchayati Raj Institutions need to be fully involved in making land available for the road. Effort should be to encourage local community participation in voluntary land donation efforts. In occasional cases, land acquisition by payment of compensation may have to be considered. However, there is need to avoid excessive reliance on compensation based acquisition. | x | ||||
| THE CONTROL OF NATIONAL HIGHWAYS (LAND AND TRAFFIC) ACT, 2002 | 2002 | 23. Highway land to be deemed as property of Central Government.—(1) All lands forming parts of a Highway which vest in the Central Government or which do not already vest in the Central Government but have been acquired for the purpose of Highway shall, for the purposes of this Act, and other Central Acts, be deemed to be the property of the Central Government as owner thereof. | x |
Low-emission vehicle zones
| National Urban Transport Policy | 2014 | no-emission zones | x | x | x |
Managing transport GHG emission
| "Harit Sagar" Green Port Guidelines | 2023 | Ships equipped with Exhaust Gas Cleaning Systems, to meet IMO emission standards, should switch to the closed-loop mode of operation if fitted with hybrid type of scrubbers, whereas, the vessels fitted with open-loop scrubbers, would need to switch over to compliant fuel. | x |
Maritime Safety
| Inland Vessels Act 2021 | 2021 | 47. (1)The specifications and requirements of signals and equipment based on classification and categorisation of mechanically propelled vessels, to be complied with by such vessels shall be such as may be prescribed by the Central Government. 48. (1) Every mechanically propelled vessel shall adopt necessary measures to prevent collision and to ensure safe navigation through inland waters. 49. The master of a mechanically propelled vessel, while in the inland water limit, on finding or encountering a dangerous derelict or any other hazard to navigation in the inland waterways, shall immediately send a signal to indicate the danger or distress, or any such information to other mechanically propelled vessels in the vicinity and to the concerned State Government: 50. (3) The master of any mechanically propelled vessel, while in the inland water limit, shall render assistance to every person found in danger of being lost in the inland waters. 51. (1) The Central Government shall, by rules made in this behalf, specify the class or category of mechanically propelled inland vessels to be equipped with navigation aids, life saving appliances, fire detection and extinguishing appliances and communication appliances. 81. The Central Government shall, by notification, declare the list of dangerous goods that may be carried subject to such conditions, as may be prescribed by it, and prohibited goods that are prohibited from being carried on any class or category of mechanically propelled inland vessels, while plying in the inland waters. (4) The State Government may provide for standards of overhauling, modifying, altering or refitting the non-mechanically propelled inland vessel for the purpose of ensuring safe navigation. | x |
Mixed use development
| National Transit Oriented Development (TOD) Policy | 2017 | · . Mixed land use should be stipulated for development/ redevelopment in the TOD zone as it would reduce the need for travel by providing most of the activities such as shopping, entertainment and public amenities such as schools, parks, playgrounds, hospitals etc. within the walking distance of the residents | x | x | |||
| National Urban Transport Policy | 2014 | Compact cities, redevelopment of inner city areas, mixed land use pattern, etc. are some of the urban growth policies that will restrict transport demand. | x | x | x |
Modal shift
| Scheme for Incentives to Promote the Utilization of Inland Waterways Transport (IWT) Sector by Cargo owners and for starting Scheduled Services for Cargo Movement on NW-1, NW-2 via IBP Route and NW-16 | 2024 | Financial incentives will be provided to the extent of 35% of the total actual operating expenditure incurred on waterways journey for the sustainable modal shift of cargo to IWT from road or rail modes. Also, such an incentive will be provided only for the long-haul movements on waterways i.e. distances greater than 300 km and shall exclude any expenditure incurred on first and last mile journey. The Scheme will provide incentives directly to the cargo owners who shift their cargo from rail/ road to IWT mode using their own/ hired vessel or through their operators along NW-1, NW-2 and NW-16. A few indicative routes are as follows: i. Transportation of cargo by IWT between Haldia/Kolkata and Patna / Varanasi on NW-1 ii. Transit cargo from / to Kolkata/ Haldia to Pandu / Karimganj / Badarpur on NW-2 & NW-16 using IBP route iii. Transportation of cargo by IWT between Pandu and Dibrugarh on NW-2 | x | ||||
| National Logistics Policy | 2022 | migration towards relatively more efficient, economical and environmentally sustainable modal mix | |||||
| India's Long-Term Low-Carbon Development Strategy | 2022 | Metro Rail Policy 2017: Target of constructing metro rail services in 27 cities across India by 2025 (MoHUA, n.d.). | x | ||||
| Bharatmala Project | 2021 | 70-80% freight on National Highways (Baseline: 40% freight on National Highways) | x | ||||
| National Rail Plan | 2020 | Focus on modal share and service provision | x | ||||
| National Auto Policy (Draft) | 2018 | Improve the modal mix of cargo transportation and improve the utilization of low-cost modes such as railways, coastal shipping etc. | x | ||||
| Metro Rail Policy 2017 | 2017 | Pricing of urban transport is a public policy issue and should be aimed at encouraging public transport. Therefore, it should be determined in a manner that it may incentivize modal shift from private vehicles. Pricing of metro rail should not be seen as a mere tool for enhancing financial viability as this will defeat the very purpose of having a high capacity mass transit system which brings in greater economic, social and environmental benefits to the city | x | x | |||
| National Road Transport Policy | 2016 | Offer product differentiation in bus passenger services (ordinary, semi-luxury, air conditioned etc) to serve different class of passengers. This will help in weaning away commuters from personalized mode and also help in raising fare collections. | x |
Nature-based solutions
| Maritime India Vision 2030 | 2021 | Develop green belt (including mangrove, mudflats) cover at ports with participation of corporates under CSR program | x |
Net zero, carbon neutrality
| Maritime India Vision 2030 | 2021 | Increase usage of efficiency enhancements techniques such as ship-tracking and smart-lighting at ports to move towards CO2 neutrality | x |
Operational efficiency in logistics
| Amendment to National Civil Aviation Policy | 2023 | The Board and the industry will submit a detailed action plan after stakeholder consultation, with the objective of reducing dwell time of air cargo from ‘aircraft to truck'to below 48 hours by 31 December 2016 and to24 hours by 31 December 2017by reduction in free time and other measures. For exports, Dwell Time will be reduced to 12 hours by 31st December, 2016 and 8 hours by 31st December, 2017.The action plan proposed by ACLPB will be forwarded to Central Customs Coordination Committee (CCFC) to achieve the stated objectives. ACLPB will developnon-legal and indicative Service Delivery Modulesafter extensive consultations with stakeholders for all elements of the air cargo express cargo value chain such as – airlines, airports, terminal operators, Customs House Agents (CHA), freight forwarders, and government agencies like Customs, CISF, quarantine officers etc. An Air Cargo Community System will also be developed to avoid delays. BCAS will continuously review and simplify security procedures for air cargo in light of the changing business dynamics and evolving technology, while ensuring adequate checks and balances, in consultation with stakeholders. Airport operators will be encouraged to provide space for at least a10- year lease to operators of express cargo freighters who may then develop dedicated infrastructure to improve their operational efficiency. | x | ||||
| Goods on the Move | 2018 | As India's warehousing stock grows it must be sited to meet the needs of lean, low inventory supply chains in order to support the development of an efficient logistics system. Easily shareable, real time data updates enable reduced inventory, better management of asset such as pallets or truck trailers, better dispatch of trucks, reduced paper documentation and faster completion of admin tasks. | x | ||||
| Three Year Action Agenda 2017-18 to 2019-20 | 2017 | By 2020, we should improve our logistics performance and witness an improvement in our ranking in the Logistics Performance Index (LPI) | x | x | x | x | |
| Policy on Airport Infrastructure, 2011 - reg | 2011 | Special attention needs to be given to the speedy handling of cargo and reducing its dwell time. The obiective will be to reduce dwell time of exports from the present level of 4 days to 12 hours, and of imports for the present level of4 weeks to 24 hours to bring us in line with internationally achieved norms. Cargoclearance will be on 24-hourbasis.3 | x |
Park and ride facility
| Metro Rail Policy 2017 | 2017 | The project proposal should mandatorily contain a chapter on the “Transit Oriented Development (TOD)” with proposed intermodal integration, universal accessibility, adequate walkways and pathways for Non-Motorized Transport (NMT), stations for public bike sharing, commensurate parking lots for cycles and personal vehicles, as well as adequate arrangement for receiving and dispatch of feeder buses at all metro stations | x | ||||
| National Urban Transport Policy | 2014 | Park and ride facilities for bicycle users, with convenient inter-change, would be another useful measure. | x | x | x |
Parking measures - General
| HANDBOOK of ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE IMPLEMENTATION | 2021 | DELHI GOVERNMENT MANDATES 5% PARKING FOR EV CHARGING In March 2021, the Delhi Government directed all commercial and institutional buildings with a parking capacity of more than 100 vehicles to set aside 5% of their parking spaces for EV charging. This includes shopping malls, hospitals, hotels, offices, educational institutions, movie theaters, etc. Properties will be required to set up slow EV chargers (at a minimum) at the reserved parking spots, and will be able to avail of a subsidy of INR 6,000 per charging point, as provided by the Delhi EV Policy. | x |
Port electrification
| "Harit Sagar" Green Port Guidelines | 2023 | (ii) Ports should target retro-fitment / conversion of Diesel powered equipments / cranes / forklift / pay loader / vehicles etc. to electrically powered in a phased manner by making suitable plans. (iii) All future procurements of Port vehicles and cargo handling & other equipments shall preferably be electrically driven / electrically powered or should be compatible with low carbon greener fuels viz., CNG, Methanol, Ethanol, Ammonia, Hydrogen Fuel Cell etc (iii) Select Port(s) shall upgrade / augment their Infrastructure to support Offshore Wind Energy projects by facilitating and providing services to the industry for assembly, staging, fabrication, storage, and loading of Wind Turbine Generator (WTG) components for offshore installation. V.O. Chidambaranar Port has been selected for a pilot project on offshore wind farm to be executed by Ministry of Power. 4.5 Shore to Ship Power Supply: All Ports shall develop the infrastructure to provide “Shore to Ship” power in a phased manner: • 1St Phase- To Port Crafts (By 2023) • 2nd Phase- To Coast Guard/Navy and small coastal vessels ( By 2024) • 3rd Phase- To EXIM vessels (By 2025) | x |
Private sector investment/ PPP
| "Harit Sagar" Green Port Guidelines | 2023 | (v) Ports shall ensure that the Green and Sustainability aspects are suitably incorporated in the DPR (Detailed Project Report) while formulating PPP (Public Private Partnership) projects. (vi) For the existing PPP Concessionaires, Ports shall devise suitable mechanism(s) to incentivize the concessionaires to adopt greener and carbon neutral designs and procedures in line with the spirit of these guidelines. | x |
Promote active transport
| National Mission on Sustainable Habitat 2021-2030 | 2021 | Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) must promote NMT by improving pedestrian safety, comfort, and convenience on all streets. | x | ||||
| Moving Forward Together | 2018 | Cities should support these active modes by developing safe, non-motorized transport environments, promoting cycle sharing schemes and improving their connectivity to motorized forms of shared mobility | x | ||||
| National Urban Transport Policy | 2014 | Footpaths and dedicated cycle lanes should be citywide to assure the commuter that he can complete his journey all the way by walk or cycle if he so chooses | x | x |
Public transport improvement - General
| India: Fourth Biennial Update Report | 2024 | Expansion of Metro Networks | |||||
| Green Urban Mobility Scheme MoHUA | 2023 | Infrastructure enabling bus systems (excluding buses). 550 Depots across 103 cities | |||||
| Guidelines for PM-ebus Sewa Part I | 2023 | Under this segment, 10,000 e-buses will be supported. CA for development/upgradation of bus depot infrastructure will be provided to selected cities only, for the sanctioned number of ebuses. Scheme Branding: All the buses procured under the scheme shall bear uniform branding which will be detailed by the Centre at a later stage. | |||||
| NATIONAL GREEN HYDROGEN MISSION | 2023 | The Mission proposes to support deployment of FCEV buses and trucks, in a phased manner on a pilot basis. Financial assistance will be provided to close the viability gap due to the relatively higher capital cost of FCEVs in the initial years. The learnings from the pilot projects will help inter-city bus and truck operators (including State Transport Undertakings) in gaining experience with the deployment and usage of Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and refuelling technologies. The Mission will also explore the possibility of blending Green Hydrogen-based Methanol/Ethanol and other synthetic fuels derived from Green Hydrogen in automobile fuels. | x | ||||
| National Policy on Biofuels-2018 Amendment, 2022 | 2022 | · National Mission for Sustainable Habitat (NMSH) approved by the government seeks to promote sustainability of habitats through various measures including modal shift towards public transportation, improving access to goods and services through integrated urban planning and fuel conservation through fuel efficiency standards & shifting from fossil fuels to natural gas, renewable and alternate fuels including xEVs | x | ||||
| National Mission on Sustainable Habitat 2021-2030 | 2021 | They should encourage public transport usage by establishing quality-focused multi-modal public transport systems that are integrated, providing seamless, affordable, safe, comfortable, quick, reliable, and environment-friendly travel. | x | x | |||
| Moving Forward Together | 2018 | Special attention should be given to improving access to efficient public transit in India to ensure that all citizens have reliable and affordable transportation. Improving public transit efficiency and convenience with route rationalization and better vehicles will also support public transit. | x | x | |||
| Strategy for New India at 75 | 2018 | Transform state road transport undertakings (SRTUs) and promote public transport, rural transport and last mile connectivity. The central government will work with states to develop bus ports and provide support on technologies/software such as VAHAN (for vehicle registration) and Saarthi (for driving licences). | x | ||||
| Three Year Action Agenda 2017-18 to 2019-20 | 2017 | augment capacity of road-based public transport by hiring buses on long term leases and permitting private providers to operate inter-state buses. | x | ||||
| National Road Transport Policy | 2016 | By clearly separating the social objectives and appropriately compensating for social obligations, PBT can be operated on commercial lines. This would also encourage private investment. By applying economic principles for allocating scarce road space, it would also be feasible to have dedicated lanes for buses in select towns and metros resulting in improved and timely PBT services at much lower cost. Service contracts should include financial incentives, in the form of a bonus/penalty system, in order to provide an inducement to increase the rider ship and the quality of service provided. Tenders should define not only the service required, but also quality. | x | ||||
| First Nationally Determined Contribution - IND | 2016 | The vision of Urban Transport policies is to focus on moving ‘people' rather than ‘vehicles', in which Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS) would play an important role. | x | x | |||
| National Policy for Women 2016 - Draft | 2016 | Distance from schools, especially secondary schools is an important factor that impacts enrolment and retention of girls in schools particularly in rural and remote areas and consequently impedes girl's access to education. Innovative transportation models will be developed such as cluster pooling of mini buses, differently abled transport, tempos, autos in addition to increasing public transport frequencies. | x | ||||
| National Urban Transport Policy | 2014 | Priority in planning for modes should be as follows in descending order: i. Walk and Non- motorized transport (NMT), ii. PT; road, rail and waterways, iii.Personal motorized transport. Cities with population less than a million should plan MRT based on a mix of buses of various sizes. All cities would be mandatorily required to prepare an integrated operation plan which should be reviewed every 5 years to update and rationalize PT routes. | x | x | x | x | |
| National Electric Mobility Mission Plan 2020 | 2012 | · National Mission for Sustainable Habitat (NMSH) approved by the government seeks to promote sustainability of habitats through various measures including modal shift towards public transportation, improving access to goods and services through integrated urban planning and fuel conservation through fuel efficiency standards & shifting from fossil fuels to natural gas, renewable and alternate fuels including xEVs | x |
Public transport intermodality - General
| Amendment to National Civil Aviation Policy | 2023 | State Government will provide landfree of cost and free from all encumbrances and also provide multi-modal hinterland connectivity (road, rail, metro, waterways, etc) as required. | x | x | x | x | |
| National Rail Plan | 2020 | As per the details given in the recommendation for network improvement, it is proposed that in addition to Indian Railway network, following modes are also taken up for development: 1. High-Speed Rail (HSR) 2. Semi High-Speed Rail (Thiruvananthapuram–Kasaragod Semi High-Speed Rail Corridor in Kerala) 3. Rapid Rail Transit System (RRTS) Additional stations have been identified for upgradation where a multimodal integration will have to be carried out | x | ||||
| National Mission on Transformative Mobility and Storage | 2019 | Develop and publish design and investment guidelines for retrofitting old and constructing new transport hubs. Create an inventory of prospective sites for retrofits and new constructions, then initiate RFPs for feasibility studies, designs, and constructions | x | ||||
| Moving Forward Together | 2018 | To support the smooth flow of people and goods in a shared mobility paradigm, cities will need to update and create new infrastructure, including walking and cycle friendly streets, parking lots, pickup and dropoff for shared mobility vehicles, and multimodal hubs. . Linking different modes, can lead to seamless multimodal transit where users have a choice to take their preferred modes. This can be enabled by data sharing. | x | x | |||
| Metro Rail Policy 2017 | 2017 | A system approach should be applied in the planning of multi-modal transport systems in a city. Integration between various modes like roadway, railways, non-motorized transport, and other modes of transport enhances the mobility of the citizens and encourages public transport. Existing railway suburban services or circular rail systems, if any, should be integrated with the metro rail and other transport modes. | x | x | |||
| Three Year Action Agenda 2017-18 to 2019-20 | 2017 | We should shift the coverage of public transport systems to clusters rather than individual locations (cities, towns or villages). By 2020, we also need to develop plans for feeder services such that they connect remote places to main transit routes. | x | x | |||
| National Transit Oriented Development (TOD) Policy | 2017 | · Intermediate Public Transport (IPT), Non-Motorized Transport (NMT) and feeder buses perform a significant role in providing first and last mile connectivity to the populace beyond the influence zone. To ensure that the area around the transit station remain congestion free and to facilitate easy transfers, it is important to provide adequate parking and pickup/ drop-off facilities for the above modes at suitable locations at the stations and in the influence zone. • The influence area should have high quality integrated multimodal transport system for the optimum use of the facilities by the residents/users. The system should have seamless physical connectivity, information integration and fare integration across modes so that the first and last mile connectivity does not become a bottleneck in the use of public transit systems by the citizens • The transit system, including its stations, should be designed to provide high quality services that assure user satisfaction in terms of safety and comfort. The citizens should have barrier free access to all the required amenities in the transit system as well as around the transit centers. • The hierarchy of the facilities at the transit system should prioritize pedestrians followed by bicycle, feeder buses, drop-off facilities and park and ride facility in the given order. • The transit stations should have ample bicycle parking spaces with scope for future expansion if need arises. • Intermediate Public Transport (IPT), Non-Motorized Transport (NMT) and feeder buses perform a significant role in providing first and last mile connectivity to the populace beyond the influence zone. To ensure that the area around the transit station remain congestion free and to facilitate easy transfers, it is important to provide adequate parking and pickup/ drop-off facilities for the above modes at suitable locations at the stations and in the influence zone. | x | x | |||
| National Urban Transport Policy | 2014 | The Government of India would encourage building of transport hubs through financial measures. These transport hubs should provide seamless inter-change between inter-city regional & sub-urban services, and the PT system of the city. These transport hubs should have adequate physical space & infrastructural facilities for NMT facilities. | x | x | x |
Public transport pricing
| NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR CLIMATE CHANGE & HUMAN HEALTH | 2018 | Provision of safe and improved Public transport like air conditioned buses, local trains and other transport at affordable rates | x | x | |||
| Metro Rail Policy 2017 | 2017 | Pricing of urban transport is a public policy issue and should be aimed at encouraging public transportt. Therefore, it should be determined in a manner that it may incentivize modal shift from private vehicles. Pricing of metro rail should not be seen as a mere tool for enhancing financial viability as this will defeat the very purpose of having a high capacity mass transit system which brings in greater economic, social and environmental benefits to the city. The fixation of the fare will be as per the extant provisions of the Act governing the metro rail projects. | x | x | |||
| National Road Transport Policy | 2016 | Explore use of service contracts, which define clearly the responsibilities of each party/stakeholders. Allow for automatic adjustment in fare increase and specify that operators may be compensated for increase in operational costs on account of fuel and manpower costs. This will help to avoid less frequent steep fare increase or reductions in quality of service. | x | ||||
| National Policy for Women 2016 - Draft | 2016 | Efforts will be made to provide affordable and improved conventional transport services on feeder roads and the potential for women's group/community based lowcost transport schemes will be explored. More women transport professionals will be trained and promoted to safeguard women's safety and security. | x | ||||
| National Urban Transport Policy | 2014 | Government of India would require that a regulatory authority be set up by the State Government to, inter-alia, regulate the prices to be charged by different types of PT services | x | x | x |
Public transport safety
| National Road Transport Policy | 2016 | Enhance productivity, comfort and security in PBT system to attract commuters. | x | ||||
| National Urban Transport Policy | 2014 | All bus stations, terminal areas, etc. should be fitted with GPS & CCTV cameras and should be connected to a centralized control room for continuous monitoring. As a part of the bus specifications issued by the MoUD, components of Intelligent Transport System, i.e. LED Sign Board, AudioVisual Passenger Information System, Multiplexing, two cameras on the bus with atleast two days of recording facility, GPS/GPRS, integrated controller and Automatic Fare Collection system, should be installed on the buses. Paratransit modes also need to be fitted with GPS tracking system and should be fitted with an emergency alarm system and managed through a Common Control Center. Para-transit drivers shouldn't be given licenses unless they have police verification. Further at microlevel, it should be ensured that the street design being adopted in the city has provision for proper lighting of the streets; avoiding dead-ends or dreary, dark spaces. | x | x | x |
Railway electrification
| India's Long-Term Low-Carbon Development Strategy | 2022 | Three-Phased mainline electric multiple unit (EMU) trains Mission Electrification by the Railways: A 100% electrified broad-gauge network, transition to headon generation (MoR, 2021). By 2050, both the rail and road transport will be encouraged to achieve high rates of electrification through policies designed to encourage electrification in this sector. | x | ||||
| National Rail Plan Vision – 2030 | 2022 | As part of the National Rail Plan, Vision 2024 has been launched for accelerated implementation of certain critical projects by 2024 such as 100% electrification, multi-tracking of congested routes, upgradation of speed to 160 kmph on Delhi-Howrah and Delhi-Mumbai routes, upgradation of speed to 130kmph on all other Golden Quadrilateral-Golden Diagonal (GQ/GD) routes and elimination of all Level Crossings on all GQ/GD route. Assess Locomotive requirement to meet twin objectives of 100% electrification (Green Energy) and increasing freight modal share. | x |
Recycle and circular economy in Transport
| "Harit Sagar" Green Port Guidelines | 2023 | Minimizing waste through Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Repurpose and Recycle (5R concept) to attain zero waste discharge from Port operations. Make efforts to increase the capacity of Water Treatment Plants and usage of treated water. Make adequate arrangements for “Rain Water Harvesting” for effective collection of rain water wherever possible. | x | ||||
| India's Long-Term Low-Carbon Development Strategy | 2022 | In the short to medium-term, India will also consider policies related to the management of EV-related waste, and circular economy principles for the EV sector. | x | ||||
| Motor Vehicles (Registration and Functions of Vehicle Scrapping Facility) | 2021 | In case Scrapping Yards do not have adequate capability or provisions for responsible recycling of hazardous waste (like e-waste, lead acid batteries, lithium-ion components, or for recovery of rare earth metals, etc.), or for recycling of scrap material which is outside its scope, then such materials shall be sold to duly authorised recyclers or agencies, who have adequate capability and licence. | x | ||||
| The Recycling of Ships Act, 2019 | 2019 | This Act may be called the Recycling of Ships Act, 2019 | x | ||||
| National Mission on Transformative Mobility and Storage | 2019 | Continue Make in India and FAME, along with incentivizing reusing/recycling components to reduce the cost of EVs | x |
Reduction of transport/ logistics costs
| HANDBOOK of ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE IMPLEMENTATION | 2021 | As of March 2021, 21 states and Union Territories have introduced specific tariffs for EV charging with reduced energy charges and/or demand charge exemptions. | x |
Renewable energy
| NATIONAL GREEN HYDROGEN MISSION | 2023 | The Mission will lead to significant decarbonisation of the economy, reduced dependence on fossil fuel imports, and enable India to assume technology and market leadership in Green Hydrogen. The Mission will support replacement of fossil fuels and fossil fuel based feedstocks with renewable fuels and feedstocks based on Green Hydrogen. For certain applications such as long-haul mobility, decentralized Green Hydrogen production would be essential. Hydrogen refuelling stations in the cities and along highways could be connected to decentralized renewable energy (RE) plants for in-situ production of Green Hydrogen. | x | x | |||
| India's Long-Term Low-Carbon Development Strategy | 2022 | For increasing feedstock and augmenting availability of bioethanol Government of India has announced Pradhan Mantri JI-VAN Yojana in March, 2019 for providing financial support in the form of VGF to 12 Integrated Second-Generation Bioethanol Projects using lignocellulosic biomass and other biodegradable feedstock. Under this scheme financial support to 10 demonstration units is envisaged to promote development of new technologies. | x | ||||
| National Policy on Biofuels-2018 Amendment, 2022 | 2022 | · The Government of India has already taken a number of measures for shifting to sustainable development models through greater emphasis on renewable energy sources, cleaner environment and initiatives aimed at mitigating the adverse impact of economic growth on environment and climate change. | |||||
| National Mission on Sustainable Habitat 2021-2030 | 2021 | Incentives should be provided to attract and enable Public-Private Partnership (PPP) to set up charging infrastructure, shared mobility, first and last-mile connectivity, and promote the use of renewable energy sources. | x | ||||
| National Urban Transport Policy | 2014 | Government of India would, therefore, encourage research, development, commercialization and implementation of clean technologies, clean fuel and renewable sources of energy through financial support. | x | x | x | ||
| National Electric Mobility Mission Plan 2020 | 2012 | · The Government of India has already taken a number of measures for shifting to sustainable development models through greater emphasis on renewable energy sources, cleaner environment and initiatives aimed at mitigating the adverse impact of economic growth on environment and climate change. | x |
Reporting, transparency, feedback mechanism
| "Harit Sagar" Green Port Guidelines | 2023 | 2.10 Promote environmental reporting as a means of communicating environmentally good behavior to stakeholders. | x |
Repurposing road space for active mobility access
| National Transit Oriented Development (TOD) Policy | 2017 | • The streets should be designed for users of all age groups and for all types of commuters including pedestrians, bicyclists, motorists and transit riders. They should be safe and accessible by all. • The influence zone should have development in smaller blocks with a finer street network having provision for pedestrians, bicyclists and NMT users. This will create a grid of small, traversable blocks which has sidewalks and amenities like lighting and information signage etc. and ensure accessibility of the transit stations by pedestrians and cyclist. • Right of Way (ROW) should not dictate the pedestrian circulation network, it should rather be designed based on the pedestrian volume and adjoining land-use. Smaller ROWs should be made ‘pedestrian and NMT only' or one-way streets so that pedestrian circulation is not compromised. • Continuous and unobstructed footpaths of suitable width should be provided on either side of the streets. To protect the footpaths from encroachment and parking, buffers or bollards etc. may be provided. • Universal Accessibility: All streets should be designed to meet or exceed the minimum standards stipulated for barrier free environment by Government of India to ensure universal accessibility for people with reduced mobility including visually and hearing impaired persons. • Traffic Calming: To promote a safe and secure environment for pedestrian and NMT users, necessary measures should be taken to reduce speed as well as volume of motorized traffic in the influence zone. On streets which are primarily designed for movement of pedestrian and NMT as well as those having ROW less or equal to 12m, the maximum speed limit should be restricted to 20 kmph by design by use of table top crossings, carriage way surfaces etc. For all other streets, in and around the influence zone, the speed should not exceed 40 kmph | x | x | |||
| National Urban Transport Policy | 2014 | The Government of India would, therefore, encourage measures that allocate road space on a more equitable basis, with people as its focus. This can be achieved by reserving lanes and corridors (except in hill cities) exclusively for PT and NMT modes of travel | x | x |
Road-side vehicle technical checks
| Pollution Under Control Certificate (PUCC) | 2021 | this Ministry has also issued an advisory to State Governments for proper functioning of PUC centres, as under: The State Transport Departments all over the country will mandate a PUC centre at every fuel station in their State. The Calibration of PUC machines should be done at regular periodicity by third party agencies duly authorised by the Transport Department of the State. Further, the Transport Departments are also advised to carry random checks of the PUC centres and also to carry enforcement drive for PUC compliance by Motor Vehicle Owners. Mandate pre-payment of PUC fee before the tests are conducted. Introduce well-equipped mobile test centres and a programme to check visibly polluting vehicles. Enforce stringent penalty for PUC centres for non-compliance and malpractices and to cancel the authorization of non-compliant PUC centres. | x |
Shared mobility - General
| Motor Vehicles Aggregator Guidelines | 2025 | The State Government may allow aggregation of non-transport motorcycles for journey by passengers as shared mobility through aggregators resulting in reduced traffic congestion and vehicular pollution, along-with providing inter alia affordable passenger mobility, hyperlocal delivery, creating livelihood opportunities. | x | ||||
| National Mission on Sustainable Habitat 2021-2030 | 2021 | Municipal Corporations should prepare action plans to promote the use of clean technologybased shared vehicles. Incentives should be provided to attract and enable Public-Private Partnership (PPP) to set up charging infrastructure, shared mobility, first and last-mile connectivity, and promote the use of renewable energy sources. | x | ||||
| National Mission on Transformative Mobility and Storage | 2019 | Offer shared and fleet EVs (2-, 3-, and 4Ws, and buses) lower interest rates, VATs, registration taxes, and electricity tariffs compared to privately-owned EVs and ICEs | x | ||||
| Moving Forward Together | 2018 | To support the smooth flow of people and goods in a shared mobility paradigm, cities will need to update and create new infrastructure, including walking and cycle friendly streets, parking lots, pickup and dropoff for shared mobility vehicles, and multimodal hubs. Cities should initiate investment in shared mobility infrastructure to prevent bottlenecks in the adoption of shared mobility services. | x |
Shipping efficiency improvements
| "Harit Sagar" Green Port Guidelines | 2023 | Promotion of “Coastal Shipping” is a cost & energy efficient alternative mode for transportation that can help address the challenges of carbon emission and help to achieve the target of national carbon footprint reduction. Ports shall facilitate coastal shipping through creation of infrastructure and suitably designed mechanisms to make the transport viable for the users. | x | ||||
| Maritime India Vision 2030 | 2021 | Improve terminal performance for all container terminals with low QC productivity (less than 30 moves/hour). Shift change time optimization to less than 10 minutes per instance . Pilot 24 "Driving logistics efficiency" technology solutions across ports basis actual traffic volume and cargo profile to drive scalability and cost effectiveness | x |
Shipping fuels
| "Harit Sagar" Green Port Guidelines | 2023 | Ports shall make efforts to retrofit Port Crafts (including Tugs, Pilot Boats, Mooring Boats, Survey Boats etc.) with available technology for propulsion on cleaner and greener fuel viz., Green Ammonia, Green Hydrogen (through Fuel Cell), Green Methanol etc in phased manner. | x |
Shipping improvement - General
| "Harit Sagar" Green Port Guidelines | 2023 | To develop programs that will protect and conserve the shore, mangrove forest and habitats. Waste Management: All Ports shall provide shore reception facility, with approved vendors, for discharging the waste by ships calling at ports as per the Indian Rules | x |
Shipping port infrastructure improvements
| "Harit Sagar" Green Port Guidelines | 2023 | Employing an ecosystem dynamics in Port development, operation and maintenance aligning to 'Working with Nature' concept and ‘Panchamrit Commitments', minimizing impact on biotic components of harbor ecosystem. (i) Ports shall use energy efficient equipments / material viz. LED smart lighting system, highest energy rating equipments such as AC, Fans, Electronic devices etc. to reduce the energy consumption demand. The Ports shall use the digital infrastructure i.e. Sagar Setu-NLP-Marine, EBS, RFID etc. to increase the efficiency of Port operation and in turn reduce the carbon footprint. | x | ||||
| Inland Vessels Act 2021 | 2021 | 4. (1) The Central Government shall, by rules made in this behalf, specify the conditions for construction, use and maintenance of reception facilities for the containment of pollution and removal of pollutants arising from spillage or discharge arising from mechanically propelled inland vessels at all cargo terminals or passenger terminals. (2) The owner or operator of all cargo terminals or passenger terminals shall provide reception facilities to discharge oil, oily mixture, hazardous chemicals, sewage or obnoxious substances at such cargo or passenger terminal, as the case may be, in compliance of sub-section (1). (3) The owner or operator of all cargo terminals or passenger terminals, providing reception facilities shall receive charges, at such rates as may be prescribed by the State Government. (4) For the purposes of minimising the pollution already caused, or for preventing the imminent threat of pollution, the Central Government or such other officer appointed by the State Government may, by order in writing, direct the owner or operator of cargo or passenger terminal to provide or arrange for the provision of such pollution containment equipment and pollutant removing materials, at such cargo and passenger terminal, as may be specified in such order. (5) The owner or operator of the passenger or cargo terminal shall submit a report of compliance to the Central Government or such other officer appointed under sub-section (4), in such form as may be prescribed by the State Government. (6) The owner, operator or master of any mechanically propelled vessel used or plying within inland waters, shall discharge the pollutants at the port reception facilities in such manner as may be prescribed by the State Government. 55. (1) The State Government may appoint or authorise such officers as surveyors to inspect any cargo or passenger terminal lying within its respective jurisdiction. | x |
Solar energy
| India's Electric Mobility Transformation | 2019 | Plans are underway to fuel EVs with clean power, with industry players exploring solar‑plus‑EV technology in Mumbai and beyond. | x | ||||
| First Nationally Determined Contribution - IND | 2016 | Indian Railways is also installing solar power on its land and roof tops of coaches. Delhi Metro has also initiated installation of 9 solar power generation facilities and plans to increase their number. Solar powered toll plazas have been envisaged as a mandatory requirement for toll collection across the country. | x | ||||
| National Electric Mobility Mission Plan 2020 | 2012 | · The National Solar Mission (NSM) seeks to increase the solar energy generation in the country. 20,000 MW of electricity generation is targeted for 2020. | x |
Sustainable aviation fuels (SAF)
| India's Long-Term Low-Carbon Development Strategy | 2022 | b. Bio-based Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) programme coupled with: (i) short rotation oilseed cultivation as a second crop on existing irrigated mono-cropped land holdings feeding into hydro processed esters and fatty acids (HEFA) based SAF production; (ii) integration of gas fermentation technologies with alcohol-to-jet (ATJ) SAF plants. One semicommercial scale plant of each type is expected to be operational by 2025 | x |
Taxi - General
| India's Electric Mobility Transformation | 2019 | Mobility service providers around the world and in India are testing EV solutions in anticipation of wider‑scale deployment. In order to address some of these challenges and capture the economic advantages of EVs, taxi aggregators and car rental platforms have formed partnerships with original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) to manufacture and test fit to purpose vehicles that are successful in Indian road and weather conditions, meet the needs of customers and make a strong business case for drivers and service providers. | x | ||||
| National Auto Policy (Draft) | 2018 | Mandate fleet purchases in identified public and private sector (taxis, rental cars etc.) to be of minimum BNVSAP rating | x |
Technical standards for sidewalks and bicycle paths
| Moving Forward Together | 2018 | Cities can continue to incorporate planning guidelines published by the Sustainable Urban Transport Project of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, and other national and international expert agencies for promoting use of non-motorized modes | x | ||||
| National Transit Oriented Development (TOD) Policy | 2017 | • TOD aims to promote NMT which includes use of bicycle. Therefore, bicycle parking facilities should be provided at regular intervals and suitable locations within the influence zone. Public bicycle sharing systems may also be planned to promote the use of bicycles. · Retail and other ‘active uses' should be supported on the ground floor along the main streets, key intersections, stations and parking garages to ensure high quality pedestrian environments. · The streets should have a natural surveillance system by providing mixed-use active frontage, vending zones and avoiding opaque wall, which would ensure a safe environment for pedestrians, especially women, children and elderly. · Safety and Security: To ensure a safe and secure environment for pedestrian and NMT users, especially women and children, the influence zone should be designed to maximize natural surveillance. For this purpose, street lighting should be provided, active frontage and vendors zone etc. should be created. Further, facilities such a CCTV cameras and panic buttons etc. should also be installed for round the clock surveillance. | x | x |
Technical standards for vehicles
| Central Motor Vehicles (Sixth Amendment) Rules, 2021 | 2021 | Exhaust gases and exhaust pipes. - (1) Every motor vehicle shall be so constructed or equipped that the exhaust gases from the engine are discharged neither downward nor to the left side of the vehicle and shall be so fitted as to allow the gases to escape to the right side or rear of the vehicle: | x |
Teleworking
| NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR CLIMATE CHANGE & HUMAN HEALTH | 2018 | Showcase and support companies which employ workplace policies that can reduce vehicular travel such as telecommuting, or placing the workplace in sites that are accessible through public transportation (eg. Metro) or non-motorised transport. | |||||
| National Urban Transport Policy | 2014 | tele-commuting | x | x | x |
Traffic management
| Three Year Action Agenda 2017-18 to 2019-20 | 2017 | Increase the coverage of Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) in National and State Highways. Equipping lanes with ETC will improve the flow and efficiency of traffic. | x |
Transit-oriented development (TOD)
| Green Urban Mobility Scheme MoHUA | 2023 | Adoption and implementation of Transit Oriented Development | |||||
| National Mission on Sustainable Habitat 2021-2030 | 2021 | Promote mixed use of walking and cycling within the city, aligning with the National Transport Oriented Development (TOD) Policy 2017. | x | x | |||
| NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR CLIMATE CHANGE & HUMAN HEALTH | 2018 | Showcase and support companies which employ workplace policies that can reduce vehicular travel such as telecommuting, or placing the workplace in sites that are accessible through public transportation (eg. Metro) or non-motorised transport. | x | x | |||
| Metro Rail Policy 2017 | 2017 | The project proposal should mandatorily contain a chapter on the “Transit Oriented Development (TOD)” with proposed intermodal integration, universal accessibility, adequate walkways and pathways for Non-Motorized Transport (NMT), stations for public bike sharing, commensurate parking lots for cycles and personal vehicles, as well as adequate arrangement for receiving and dispatch of feeder buses at all metro stations | x | ||||
| National Transit Oriented Development (TOD) Policy | 2017 | · National TOD policy shall be a guiding document for the Central Government ministries/ departments/ agencies to ensure that their schemes, policies, etc. encourage TOD in cities, especially those with upcoming mass transit systems. • This shall support states and cities to recognize public transport infrastructure as the core around which the future expansion of urban areas should be planned and the investments in public transport be directed accordingly. • TOD focuses on compact mixed use development around transit corridor such as metro rail, BRTS etc. International examples have demonstrated that though transit system facilitates transit oriented development, improving accessibility and creating walkable communities is equally important. • The area in the immediate vicinity of the transit station, i.e. within a walking distance, having high density compact development with mixed land use to support all basic needs of the residents is called the influence zone of a transit station/ corridor. • Influence zone is either established at a transit stations or along the transit corridors. It is generally up to a radius of nearly 500-800m of the transit station. Where the distance between the transit stations is less than 1 km and there is overlap in the influence area, it can be identified as a delineated zone (around 500m) on either side of the transit corridor within 10 - 12 minutes walking distance. • The area of influence, where the TOD is planned for implementation, should be demarcated and notified through master plan and local area plans before implementation. I • To ensure sustainable development, the minimum FAR should be 300 - 500%, and can be higher, depending on the city size. This will promote higher concentration of people within the walking distances of transit station, thereby increasing the ridership of the public transport and resulting in increased fare revenue, pollution and congestion reduction. • Cities should follow green building norms, adopt renewal sources of energy such as solar and waste to energy options, adopt rain water harvesting and ground water recharge techniques, which would encourage water conservation, utilization of clean energy and promote sustainable waste management so as to make them self-sustaining through efficient use of resources and infrastructure. • . Mixed land use should be stipulated for development/ redevelopment in the TOD zone as it would reduce the need for travel by providing most of the activities such as shopping, entertainment and public amenities such as schools, parks, playgrounds, hospitals etc. within the walking distance of the residents | x | x | x | ||
| National Urban Transport Policy | 2014 | encourage Transit Oriented Development (TOD) with increased FAR along transit corridors with high density of population should form a part of planning. | x | x | x |
Transport asset management funding strategy
| Inland Vessels Act 2021 | 2021 | 1) There shall be a Fund constituted by the State Government to be called the Development Fund, to be utilised for— (a) meeting emergency preparedness; (b) meeting containment of pollution caused by discharge of oil, mixtures, obnoxious substances, chemicals and other noxious and harmful substances, to preserve and protect inland waters; (c) supporting, part or whole of expenses of owners or economically backward sector involved in activities of trade and living depending solely on inland waters; (d) removal of unidentified wreck or obstruction affecting and impeding navigation; and (e) boosting up development works of inland water navigation with respect to safety and convenience of conveyance. | x | ||||
| HANDBOOK of ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE IMPLEMENTATION | 2021 | Land-owning authorities such as municipal corporations, urban development authorities and other local government bodies can provide access to desirable parking sites through Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs) with CPOs. The MoUs would be for a fixed period and would allocate the use of selected sites for EV charging. Revenue-sharing mechanisms with the CPO or an independent allocation of advertising rights at charging points could provide revenues to the government authority without burdening the financial viability of nascent EV charging services. | x | ||||
| The Central Road and Infrastructure Fund Act, 2000 | 2000 | An Act to give statutory status to 1 [the Central Road and Infrastructure Fund for development and maintenance of National Highways, railway projects, improvement of safety in railways, State and rural roads and other infrastructure, and for these purposes to levy and collect by way of cess, a duty of excise and a duty of customs on motor spirit commonly known as petrol and high speed diesel oil] and for other matters connected therewith. 6. Establishment of Central 4 [Road and Infrastructure Fund].—(1) With effect from such date as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, appoint in this behalf, there shall be established for the purposes of this Act, a Fund to be called as the Central 4 [Road and Infrastructure Fund]. (2) The Fund shall be under the control of the Central Government and there shall be credited thereto— (a) any sums of money paid under section 4 or section 5; (b) unspent part of the cess, being already levied for the purposes of the development and maintenance of national highways; (c) the sums, if any, realised by the Central Government in carrying out its functions or in the administration of this Act; (d) any fund provided by the Central Government for the development and maintenance of State roads. (3) The balance to the credit of the Fund shall not lapse at the end of the financial year. [(1)] The Fund shall be utilised for the— (i) development and maintenance of national highways; (ii) development of the rural roads; (iii) development and maintenance of other State roads including roads of inter-State and economic importance; [(iv) construction of roads either under or over the railways by means of bridges and erection of safety works at unmanned rail-road crossings, new lines, conversion of existing standard lines into gauge lines and electrification of rail lines; and (v) undertaking other infrastructure projects. Powers of Central Government to administer the Fund.—(1) 5 [The Central Government shall have the power to administer the Fund and shall (a) take such decisions regarding investment on projects of roads and other infrastructure as it considers necessary; (b) take such measures as may be necessary to raise funds for the development and maintenance of roads and other infrastructure.] | x |
Transport asset management information system
| "Harit Sagar" Green Port Guidelines | 2023 | all Ports shall make suitable efforts to develop the real time Continuous Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations (CAAQMS) as per applicable MoEF&CC/CPCB guidelines with digital dashboard All Ports may make suitable efforts to develop and install real time Continuous Marine Water Quality Monitoring Stations (CMWQMS) as per MoEF&CC/CPCB guidelines with digital dashboard All Ports may make suitable efforts to develop and install real time Online Continuous Effluent Monitoring system (OCEMS) with reference to the effluent parameter as mentioned in Annexure-B as per MoEF&CC / CPCB guidelines with digital dashboard Noise level and DG set Noise level monitoring may also be integrated in real time dashboard as mentioned above. | x |
Transport finance - General
| `RURAL ROAD DEVELOPMENT PLAN : VISION 2025' | 2007 | The major source of fund for development of rural roads is now the Central Road Fund. As per the CRF Act, 2000, half of the cess on diesel is earmarked for rural roads. | x |
Transport institutional reform
| Guidelines for the Scheme to Promote Manufacturing of Electric Passenger Cars in India (SPMEPCI) | 2025 | Scheme Sanctioning Committee (SSC) 6.1. An inter-ministerial Scheme Sanctioning Committee chaired by Secretary, MHI will be constituted for sanctioning, overall monitoring and implementation of the Scheme as well as to remove any obstacles/ difficulties that may arise in the implementation stage. | x |
Transport international conventions - General
| "Harit Sagar" Green Port Guidelines | 2023 | Effluent discharge from the ships calling at ports, shall be monitored closely as per the IMO (MARPOL Annex-IV) /DG Shipping Rules. Ships calling to the Port shall compulsorily declare type (as per MARPOL) and approximate quantity of waste on board and seek Port's assistance in disposing the same. | x |
Transport resilience - general
| National Logistics Policy | 2022 | de-risking of supply chains through resilient infrastructure planning and implementation. Promoting innovation in the sector and enabling a resilient and sustainable logistics ecosystem, shall be the underlying philosophies for each SPEL (Sectoral Plans for Efficient Logistics) | |||||
| India's Updated First Nationally Determined Contribution | 2022 | Economy-wide: To better adapt to climate change by enhancing investments in development programmes in sectors vulnerable to climate change | |||||
| First Nationally Determined Contribution - IND | 2016 | Developing climate resilient infrastructure | x | x | x | x |
Trasport adaptation - general
| Inland Vessels Act 2021 | 2021 | 99. (1) Every State Government may, appoint or authorise the advisory committee or officers, by notification, to take adequate measures, as may be prescribed by the State Government, to minimise or counter emergency. | x |
Urban rail expansion
| India: Fourth Biennial Update Report | 2024 | Expansion of Metro Networks | x | x | |||
| Metro Rail Policy 2017 | 2017 | Construction of new Metro Rail systems through DBFOTs (Design-Build-FinanceOperate-Transfer) | x | ||||
| First Nationally Determined Contribution - IND | 2016 | Around 236 km of metro rail have been made operational in the country. Further, about 550 km are under construction and 600 km under consideration for different cities across the country including Ahmedabad, Pune, and Lucknow. | x |
Urban rail improvement
| National Mission on Sustainable Habitat 2021-2030 | 2021 | High-capacity systems like Metro Rail are suitable for high demand corridors, while medium and low-capacity systems typically include Buses, Light Metro Rail Systems (Metro Lite and Metro Neo), and Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS). | x | ||||
| NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR CLIMATE CHANGE & HUMAN HEALTH | 2018 | Provision of safe and improved Public transport like air conditioned buses, local trains and other transport at affordable rates | x |
Vehicle air pollution emission standards
| Remote Sensing Devices for on-road Emissions Monitoring – Product Specifications and Programme Guidelines | 2020 | The matter of control of in-use vehicle emissions by was deliberated in the 60th Meeting of Standing Committee on Implementation of Emission Legislation (SCOE) held on 22nd August, 2019 and subsequently an AIS panel under the Chairmanship of Director-ICAT was constituted with focus to finalise technical guidance on remote sensing equipment, remote sensing data reporting which specifies design, construction, networking and data sharing of motor vehicle and recommend polluter thresholds for different vehicle and different fuel types. In the 61st Meeting of Standing Committee on Implementation of Emission Legislation (SCOE) held on 13th February, 2020, it was directed to consider polluter thresholds based on prevalent emission norms and in the absence of authentic data for these thresholds, the Committee had agreed to consider the first year as monitoring phase to arrive at threshold values. | x |
Vehicle efficiency standards
| Fuel Consumption Standards (FCS) | 2022 | Every manufacturer or importer of M2, M3 and N2 vehicle category, except Tippers, which are type approved under rule 126, with gross vehicle weight between three and a half tonnes (3.5 T) and twelve tonnes (12.0 T), manufactured or imported for sale in India, shall, on and from the 1st day of April, 2023, be tested for Constant Speed Fuel Consumption standard and comply with the Fuel consumption target, as notified under the Energy Conservation Act, 2001 vide notification of the Government of India in the Ministry of Power number S.O. 2540(E), dated the 16th July, 2019 & S.O. 1464(E) dated the 29th March, 2022, as amended from time-to-time. | x | ||||
| India's Long-Term Low-Carbon Development Strategy | 2022 | Corporate average fuel economy norms: Standards imposed upon vehicle manufacturers to ensure fuel efficient design across their portfolio of products. | x | ||||
| First Nationally Determined Contribution - IND | 2016 | Under the Vehicle Fuel Efficiency Program, Government of India in 2014 finalized country's first passenger vehicle fuel-efficiency standards. They will take effect beginning in April 2016, and set the efficiency targets for new cars. India aims to improve fuel standards by switching from Bharat Stage IV (BS IV) fuels to Bharat Stage V (BS V)/ Bharat Stage VI (BS VI) across the country in the near future. | x |
Vehicle labelling
| Test Method, Testing Equipment and Related Procedures for Type Approval and Conformity of Production (CoP) Testing of M & N Category Vehicles having GVW exceeding 3500 kg for Bharat Stage VI (BS-VI) Emission Norms as per CMV Rules 115, 116 and 126 | 2019 | Approval marks and labeling for engine systems and vehicles 4.12.1 Labels for natural gas/biomethane and LPG fuelled engines In the case of natural gas and LPG fuelled engines with a restricted fuel range type-approval, the following labels are applicable: | x | ||||
| India's Electric Mobility Transformation | 2019 | MoRTH announced that battery‐operated vehicles, both private and commercial, will be given green license plates (GSR 749 (E)). | x | ||||
| Auto Fuel Vision and Policy 2025 | 2015 | Bureau of Energy Efficiency has proposed to introduce mandatory labels for passenger vehicles in near future. Apart from displaying the fuel economy of the vehicles, the label would rank fuel efficiency by a five-star system which will depend on the weight of the vehicle. | x |
Vehicle restrictions (import, age, access, sale, taxation)
| Guidelines for the Scheme to Promote Manufacturing of Electric Passenger Cars in India (SPMEPCI) | 2025 | Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance, also issued notifications nos. 19/2024-Customs & 20/2024- Customs dated 15th March 2024 for reduced import duties in line with the provisions of the Scheme. Under the present Scheme, the Government of India shall, at the outset, provide to the Approved Applicant customs duty waiver to the extent of the Committed Investment or Rs. 6,484 crore, whichever is lower, in the manner set out herein. | x | ||||
| Phased Manufacturing Programme (PMP) to Promote Indigenous Manufacturing of Electric Vehicle | 2019 | To promote electric mobility, basic custom duty and GST were reduced and rationalized on electric vehicles, its assemblies/sub-assemblies, and parts/sub-parts / inputs of the sub-assemblies thereof, vide Notification No. 30/2017 —customs, dated 30" June 2017. 2. To provide further impetus to electric mobility and promote indigenous development of electric vehicles, the Government has vide its recent Notification No. 03/2019 —customs, dated 29't January, 2019 further reduced and rationalized basic custom duty on electric vehicles, its assemblies/sub-assemblies, and parts/sub-parts / inputs of the sub-assemblies. | x |
Vehicle roadworthiness laws and regulations
| The Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 | 1988 | (1) Subject to the provisions of sections 59 and 60, a transport vehicle shall not be deemed to be validly registered for the purposes of section 39, unless it carries a certificate of fitness in such form containing such particulars and information as may be prescribed by the Central Government, issued by the prescribed authority, or by an authorised testing station mentioned in sub-section (2), to the effect that the vehicle complies for the time being with all the requirements of this Act and the rules made thereunder: Provided that where the prescribed authority or the authorised testing station refuses is issue such certificate, it shall supply the owner of the vehicle with its reasons in writing for such refusal. 2 [Provided further that no certificate of fitness shall be granted to a vehicle, after such date as may be notified by the Central Government, unless such vehicle has been tested at an automated testing station.] | x |
Vehicle scrappage scheme
| India's Long-Term Low-Carbon Development Strategy | 2022 | Vehicle scrappage policy: Mandatory scrapping of old, unfit polluting vehicles subject to fitness and emissions tests and replacement of end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) can result in a 15-20% reduction in vehicular air pollutants and increased fuel efficiency (MoRTH, 2022). | x | ||||
| Motor Vehicles (Registration and Functions of Vehicle Scrapping Facility) | 2021 | Issuance of Certificate of Vehicle Scrapping.- (1) The Registered Scrapper, after completing the necessary treatment, shall issue a digital Certificate of Vehicle Scrapping including a digital photograph of the cut out of the chassis, in Form-4 to update the national register, VAHAN Database and inform the competent authority of the State Government or Union territory Government for updating of records. (2) A separate record of the scrapped vehicles shall be maintained on the VAHAN database by the Central Government. | x | ||||
| National Urban Transport Policy | 2014 | The Government of India would issue guidance and help to states and UTs to free the roads and scarce land from old vehicles, which are still plying or are dumped, in an environmentfriendly manner. | x | x |
Vessel scrappage and retrofit
| Guidelines for PM-ebus Sewa Part I | 2023 | On furnishing Registered Vehicle Scrapping Facility (RVSF) Certificate for scrapping buses, equivalent number of buses may be considered for allotment. | x | ||||
| "Harit Sagar" Green Port Guidelines | 2023 | (i) Ports shall make efforts to retrofit Port Crafts (including Tugs, Pilot Boats, Mooring Boats, Survey Boats etc.) with available technology for propulsion on cleaner and greener fuel viz., Green Ammonia, Green Hydrogen (through Fuel Cell), Green Methanol etc in phased manner. | x | ||||
| Voluntary Vehicle Fleet Modernization Program Handbook | 2022 | If a vehicle fails an automated fitness test, one re-test after the necessary repair/rectification, and re-inspection if ordered by the Appellate Authority, it will be declared an ELV | x | ||||
| Maritime India Vision 2030 | 2021 | Enhance ship repair capability in India. Enhance Ship recycling infrastructure through redevelopment of Alang plots and establishment of additional recycling cluster on East Coast. Setup ship recycling facilitation centre to promote ship recycling activities and enhance marketability of ship by-products through trade fairs at ship breaking yards involving stakeholders across shipowners to downstream industries. | x |
Disclaimer
The Asian Transport Observatory (ATO) project collects, collates, and organizes data from publicly available official, as well as reputable and peer-reviewed secondary sources, which may contain incomplete or inconsistent data. It is important to note that the ATO does not generate data. Changes in the methodologies used in the sources, and changes in the values due to such changes may not necessarily be highlighted in this specific document. Moreover, while the ATO carries out quality control and assurance of whether the data are truthfully reflected in the ATO, the ATO does not make any warranties or representations as to the appropriateness, quality, accuracy, or completeness of the data in the ATO databases, and in the knowledge products that are produced from such. Users are encouraged to scrutinize, verify, interpret, and judge the data before utilizing them. For the profiles, please note that we utilize the 3-letter codes from ISO due to the global nature of some of the figures. All insights are grounded in ATO national, urban, and policy databases. To ensure professional excellence, human-generated texts undergo AI-assisted refinement for grammar and clarity. Editorial judgment and content responsibility remain fully with the ATO, and AI is not used for autonomous content generation.
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