People's Republic of China Transport and Climate Profile 2026
Outline
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
TRANSPORT AND CLIMATE PROFILE
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Background
People's Republic of China, an upper-middle-income country in East Asia, relies heavily on its transport sector, which is vital for its economy but also a major source of greenhouse gas emissions. In 2024, this sector emitted 950.2 million tonnes of GHGs, about 6% of the country's total emissions. Before 2015, transport emissions grew rapidly at an 8.3% annual rate, but after the Paris Agreement, the growth slowed significantly to 1.3% per year. Road transportation is the largest contributor, making up 81% of sector emissions, with domestic aviation (10%), domestic navigation (7%), and rail (1%) following.
People's Republic of China has made notable progress in reducing the carbon intensity of its transport sector. In 2024, the sector's carbon emissions per unit of GDP dropped to 24.9 gCO2e/USD, down from 45.4 in 2015 and 67.7 in 2000. This achievement places the naton above the Asia-Pacific average of 29 gCO2e/USD. Additionally, energy intensity has decreased, reaching 0.32 megajoules per USD in 2023.
A structural shift in energy consumption supports this decoupling. At the same time, oil products still dominate at 80%, their share has declined from 88% in 2010, made possible by the rise of biofuels (3%) and electricity (6%) in the total sectoral energy mix.
The transition to low-carbon propulsion is most evident in the railway and urban transit subsectors. Electricity consumption in rail surged from 29% in 2010 to 74% by 2023. In urban centers, the expansion of rapid transit has been aggressive: People's Republic of China currently operates 13,128 kilometers of rapid transit—comprising metro (11,283 km), BRT (1,016 km), and LRT (830 km)—increasing from 5.1 km per million urban residents in 2015 to 13.9 km in 2024. Despite this, challenges in last-mile connectivity persist, as only 14% of urban residents in over 700 cities have convenient access (within 500 meters) to public transport. The nation's e-mobility readiness is world-leading, scoring 91 out of 100 on the UNEP index, bolstered by strong performance in policy frameworks and financial instruments.
The People's Republic of China faces substantial climate-related risks to its transport assets. With 651 recorded natural disasters since 2000, the country ranks 2nd globally in the National Road Vulnerability ranking. Potential average annual losses to transport infrastructure are estimated at $19.3 billion, with roads (46%) and rail (40%) bearing the brunt of these costs. Furthermore, under a 4.5-degree Celsius warming scenario, over 65% of road and rail assets are exposed to extreme precipitation, while 7% of the population resides in coastal zones vulnerable to sea-level rise. Currently, only 25% of the identified transport policy measures include specific climate adaptation or resilience components.
People's Republic of China's climate ambitions are anchored in its 2025 Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) and various Long-Term Strategies (LTS). Key targets include: Carbon Peaking and Neutrality: Achieving a CO2 peak before 2030 and striving for carbon neutrality by 2060. Sectoral Efficiency: Reducing the carbon emission intensity of commercial vehicles by 9.5% and national railway energy consumption by 10% by 2030 compared to 2020 levels. Economic Targets: An economy-wide goal to reduce net GHG emissions by 7% to 10% below peak levels by 2035.
Major policy developments are directed through documents such as the 14th Five-Year Plan, Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan, and the Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030. These emphasize a "Shift" toward multimodal freight and "Improve" strategies through digitalization, EV mandates, and renewable energy integration.
In the domain of "Avoid" strategies, the People's Republic of China is intensifying its focus on transport demand management and on integrating urban-rural planning to mitigate the growth of motorized travel. The "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services emphasizes the rational use of private vehicles and the standardization of static traffic order to manage congestion and demand. Furthermore, the Implementation Plan for New Urbanization in the 14th Five-Year Plan seeks to cultivate modernized metropolitan areas with a "1-hour commuting circle," reducing the need for long-distance individual travel by fostering transit-oriented development and high-density, multi-functional land use. These initiatives are complemented by the Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Development of Urban Integrated Transportation Systems, which mandate the scientific planning of pedestrian and bicycle networks to meet daily shopping and leisure needs locally, thereby internalizing travel within urban neighbourhoods.
The "Shift" initiatives prioritize a massive shift in modal transport of both passengers and freight toward more energy-efficient systems. For passenger transport, the Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan sets a milestone target for 60 cities with populations exceeding 1 million to achieve a green travel share—comprising public transit and active travel—of over 70%. The state's commitment to "railway + bus + slow travel" integration is a central pillar of the Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035), which envisions a high-capacity, high-efficiency inter-regional service led by high-speed rail. On the freight side, the People's Republic of China's Nationally Determined Contribution Report 2035 and the Work Program (2021-2025) for Optimizing and Adjusting Transport Structure aggressively promote the "road-to-rail" and "road-to-water" transition for bulk cargo and container transport, targeting an 80% share for these modes in major coastal ports and coal-producing regions.
Technical "Improve" strategies focus on rapidly electrifying the vehicle fleet and decarbonizing transport hubs. The New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035) establishes that pure electric vehicles will become the mainstream of new sales by 2035, while the Implementation Plan for Promoting Low-Carbon Development in the Railway Industry strives to increase the share of electric locomotives to over 70%. For the aviation and maritime sectors, the "14th Five-Year" Civil Aviation Development Plan and the Action Plan for Large-Scale Equipment Renewal in Transportation mandate replacing aircraft auxiliary power units (APUs) with shore power and developing new-energy aircraft and ships powered by hydrogen, ammonia, and methanol. Strategic investments in charging and battery-swap infrastructure, as outlined in the Guiding Opinions on Further Building a High-Quality Charging Infrastructure System, ensure that by 2030, all ground vehicles at civil airports and public service vehicles in urban areas will prioritize electric power, completing the transition to a low-emission energy structure.
Transport and Climate Change
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Transport Energy Consumption
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Adaptation and Resilience
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Other Externalities
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Vehicle Fleet
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Urban Transport
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Transport Investments
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Transport and Climate Policy Documents
Representation of Transport in Key Climate Policy Documents
Distribution of Transport and Climate Policy Measures in Policy Documents
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National Policy Priorities on Transport
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Direct GHG Targets
These tables contains transport-relevant (e.g. economy-wide; sector-specific) GHG emissions targets as explicitly mentioned in the policy documents.
Economy-wide GHG emissions mandates
| China's Nationally Determined Contribution Report 2035 | 2025 | China's new round of nationally determined contributions (NDCs) aims to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions across the entire economy by 7% to 10% below peak levels by 2035 | 2035 |
| The People's Republicof China Fourth National Communication on Climate Change | 2023 | Enhanced Action on Climate Change: China's Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (2015): lower its carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 60%to 65%fromthe2005 level. New Goals and New Measures for Nationally Determined Contributions (2021): Lower CO2 emissions per unit of GDPbyover 65% from the 2005 level. | 2030 |
| Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030 ('1+N') | 2021 | By 2025, the share of non-fossil fuels in total energy consumption will reach around 20%, while energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP will drop by 13.5% and 18%, respectively, compared with 2020 levels, laying a solid foundation for carbon dioxide peaking. | 2025 |
| Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030 ('1+N') | 2021 | By 2030, the share of non-fossil energy consumption will reach around 25%, and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP will have dropped by more than 65% compared with the 2005 level, successfully achieving carbon dioxide peaking before 2030. | 2030 |
| The People's Republic of China Second Biennial Update Report on Climate Change | 2018 | In GHG Control in 13th FYP issued in 2016, it is further stressed out China's determined mitigation actions, and clearly pointed out that to exert effective control on carbon emissions, and by 2020 carbon intensity is 18% lower than that of 2015; to put more efforts to control the emission of greenhouse gas other than CO2, including HFCs, CH4, N2O, PFCs and SF6; and to increase significantly carbon sink capability. | 2020 |
Managing transport GHG emission
| Action Plan for Energy Conservation and Carbon Reduction 2024-2025 | 2024 | By the end of 2025, the carbon dioxide emission intensity in the transportation sector will be reduced by 5% compared with 2020. | 2025 |
| Implementation Plan for Promoting Low-Carbon Development in the Railway Industry | 2024 | By 2030, the comprehensive energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions of railway transportation will decline significantly, and the total carbon emissions from railways will peak before 2030. Comprehensive energy consumption: The comprehensive energy consumption per unit of railway transport workload and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of railway transport workload decreased by 10% compared with 2020. | 2030 |
| The People's Republicof China Fourth National Communication on Climate Change | 2023 | CO2 emissions intensity of public transport per unit of turnover will decrease by about 9.5% from the 2020 level. | 2030 |
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | The reduction rate of carbon dioxide emission intensity from the transport sector: 5%. (Refers to carbon dioxide emissions calculated by unit transport turnover) | 2025 |
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | By 2025: The carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per unit of transport turnover of operating vehicles decreased by 5% compared with 2020. The carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per unit of transport turnover of operating ships decreased by 3.5% compared with 2020. The total nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions of operating ships decreased by 7% compared with 2020. | 2025 |
| Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030 ('1+N') | 2021 | carbon emission intensity of commercial vehicles measured on the basis of converted turnover will be cut by about 9.5% compared with 2020, and comprehensive energy consumption of the national railways per unit of converted turnover will be cut by 10% compared with 2020. By 2030, carbon emission intensity of commercial vehicles measured on the basis of converted turnover will be cut by about 9.5% compared with 2020. | 2030 |
| China's Mid-Century Long-Term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development Strategy | 2021 | The carbon emission intensity of converted turnover of commercial vehicles will decrease about 9.5% from 2020 level. | 2030 |
Net zero, carbon neutrality
| China's Nationally Determined Contribution Report 2035 | 2025 | peak carbon dioxide emissions before 2030 and strive to achieve a peak by 2060 | 2060 |
| The People's Republicof China Fourth National Communication on Climate Change | 2023 | According to the requirements of the relevant decisions adopted at COPs, the Chinesegovernment submitted the Enhanced Action on Climate Change: China's IntendedNationally Determined Contributions in June 2015, stating its NDC targets for 2030: China will peak its carbon dioxide emissions around 2030 and strive to make it as earlyaspossible. In October 2021, according to the relevant resolutions adopted at COPs and the relevant requirements under the Paris Agreement, China updated its NDC document and submittedChina's Achievements, New Goals and New Measures for Nationally DeterminedContributions, stating its goals as follows: aims to have CO2 emissions peak before 2030. | 2030 |
| The People's Republicof China Fourth National Communication on Climate Change | 2023 | achieve carbon neutrality before 2060 | 2060 |
| China's submission to the global stocktake | 2022 | China's updated NDC goals are as follows: aims to have CO2 emissions peak before 2030. By2030, CO2 emissions per unit of GDP will have dropped by more than 65% compared with the 2005 level. | 2030 |
| China's submission to the global stocktake | 2022 | China's updated NDC goals are as follows: achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. | 2060 |
| National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy 2035 | 2022 | PRC President Xi Jinping in September 2020 made a statement at the general debate of the 75th session of the United Nations General Assembly that China aimed to have CO2 emissions peak before 2030. | 2030 |
| National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy 2035 | 2022 | PRC President Xi Jinping in September 2020 made a statement at the general debate of the 75th session of the United Nations General Assembly that China aimed to achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. | 2060 |
| 14th Five-Year Plan on Modern Energy System Planning | 2021 | The carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP have decreased by 18% in the past five years. | 2025 |
| Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030 ('1+N') | 2021 | By 2025, the share of non-fossil fuels in total energy consumption will reach around 20%, while energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP will drop by 13.5% and 18%, respectively, compared with 2020 levels, laying a solid foundation for carbon dioxide peaking. | 2025 |
| Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030 ('1+N') | 2021 | Ensure that the goal of carbon dioxide peaking before 2030 is achieved By 2030, the share of non-fossil energy consumption will reach around 25%, and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP will have dropped by more than 65% compared with the 2005 level, successfully achieving carbon dioxide peaking before 2030. | 2030 |
| China First NDC (Updated submission) | 2021 | China would scale up its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) by adopting more vigorous policies and measures, andaims to have CO2 emissions peak before 2030. By 2030: China will lower its CO2 emissions per unit of gross domestic product (GDP) by over 65% from the 2005 level. | 2030 |
| China First NDC (Updated submission) | 2021 | The Outline of the People's Republic of China 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and Long-Range Objectives for 2035 issued in 2021 also set "reducing energy consumption per unit of GDP by 13.5% and CO2 emissions per unit of GDP by 18%" as a binding target. | 2035 |
| China First NDC (Updated submission) | 2021 | China would scale up its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) by adopting more vigorous policies and measures, and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. | 2060 |
| China's First NDC Submission | 2016 | By 2020, carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP will be reduced by 40%-45% compared with 2005. | 2020 |
| China's First NDC Submission | 2016 | China has set a action target for 2030: carbon dioxide emissions will peak around 2030 and strive to peak as early as possible. By 2030, Carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP have dropped by 60%-65% compared with 2005. | 2030 |
Indirect Transport Climate Change Targets
These tables show non-GHG targets as specified in the policy documents which indirectly benefit climate change mitigation and adaptation in the transport sector.
Active mobility - General
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | Among the cities with a permanent urban population of over 1 million, there are 60 cities where the proportion of green travel exceeds 70%. (Green travel includes urban public transport and active travel such as bicycles and walking.) | 2025 |
Airport infrastructure improvement
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | The number of civil certified transport airports is about 280. | 2027 |
| "14th Five-Year" Civil Aviation Development Plan | 2021 | Number of civil airports (units): 2020: 580; 2025: 770; Of which: Civil transport airports (units): 2020: 241; 2025: 270; Of which: Transport airport runways (count): 2020: 265; 2025: 305. | 2025 |
| 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Add more than 30 civil transport airports. | 2025 |
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | By 2035, there are about 400 civil transport airports. | 2035 |
Airport/ground operations improvement
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Promote the construction of smart civil aviation, and the coverage rate of full-process baggage tracking services will reach 90%, and domestic flights will fully realize the full-process tracking of checked baggage. Cargo hub airports have basically achieved digitization, and the proportion of airports with paperless travel capabilities exceeds 99%. Airports with a passenger volume of tens of millions fully support the full-process service of "one card (code) pass" based on the second-generation ID card, and the localization rate of new, updated or expanded air traffic control equipment has reached 80%. | 2027 |
| "14th Five-Year" Civil Aviation Development Plan | 2021 | Flights handled (10,000 flights): 2020: 905; 2025: 1700; Average growth rate: 12.9 (6.5). | 2025 |
Alternative fuels - General
| Implementation Plan for Promoting Low-Carbon Development in the Railway Industry | 2024 | Accelerate the replacement of locomotives and rolling stock. Accelerate the replacement of locomotives and increase the proportion of electric locomotives in transportation. Promote the large-scale application of ultra-low and near-zero emission vehicles. Promote the demonstration application of hydrogen fuel cells, low-carbon fuel engines and multi-combination power in station shunting operations and short-distance, low-volume intercity and urban passenger traction scenarios. New locomotives should give priority to the purchase of new low-energy, low-emission locomotives. The internal vehicle equipment and on-site operating machinery of railway logistics bases that meet the conditions will generally complete the replacement of new energy and clean energy power. Develop new low-carbon technologies such as energy storage, fuel cells, and alternative fuels. Reduce the emission level of diesel locomotives. Vigorously promote the replacement of high-energy-consuming and high-emission locomotives with new energy sources, and carry out research on the optimization and upgrading of diesel engine emissions of existing old diesel locomotives. | 2030 |
Aviation electrification
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Electric vehicles account for more than 25% of the airport's equipment. The proportion of electric vehicle equipment in airports will reach more than 25%. | 2027 |
| Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030 ('1+N') | 2021 | By 2030, all ground vehicles and equipment at civil airports will strive to be powered by electricity. | 2030 |
Aviation emission standards
| "14th Five-Year" Civil Aviation Development Plan | 2021 | CO2 emissions per ton-km in transport aviation (kg): 2020: [0.928]; 2025: [0.886]; Energy consumption per passenger at airports (kg standard coal): 2020: [0.948]; 2025: [0.853]; *Note: 1. Data in [ ] are cumulative figures. | 2025 |
Aviation improvements - General
| Implementation Plan for Innovative Application of General Aviation Equipment (2024-2030) | 2024 | Aviation emergency rescue and logistics distribution have been applied on a large scale, urban air traffic has been put into commercial operation, and more than 20 typical application demonstrations that can be replicated and promoted have been formed. The modernization level of the industrial chain has been greatly improved. | 2027 |
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Establish an international air transport network consisting of 'One Loop, Six Corridors, and Five Channels,' with more than 50 Belt and Road partner countries connected by direct air routes. | 2027 |
| 14th Five Year Plan for Aviation Logistics | 2022 | Promote independent control over the freight transport network, ensuring that Chinese airlines retain a market share of no less than 40% in the international air cargo market. The number of connected countries continues to expand, and the extension of international logistics chains is accelerating. Number of countries connected by Chinese airlines' dedicated cargo flights: >=30. Number of international air cargo hubs ranked among the world's top 20 in cargo and mail throughput: 4 airports. Service capabilities are smart and advanced. The level of information and intelligent application of aviation logistics has been significantly improved, the electronic rate of freight documents has reached 80%, and electronic waybills have been promoted and applied in major airports across the country. Coverage rate of smart facility-equipped international air cargo hubs (%): 80% | 2025 |
Aviation safety
| Implementation Plan for Innovative Application of General Aviation Equipment (2024-2030) | 2024 | Aviation emergency rescue and logistics distribution have been applied on a large scale, | 2027 |
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | The rate of major and above-level accidents per one million flight hours in civil aviation: less than 0.11. | 2025 |
| "14th Five-Year" Civil Aviation Development Plan | 2021 | Aviation safety has reached a new level. Safety theories have been scientifically improved, risk control is precise and reliable, the safety culture keeps pace with the times, technical support is advanced and robust, the development of civil aviation safety is more confident and composed, and transport aviation has surpassed 1 billion consecutive safe flying hours. Major accident rate per million flight hours (incidents/million hours): 2020: 0; 2025: <[0.11]; Fatalities per 100 million passenger-km (persons/100 million passenger-km): 2020: 0; 2025: <[0.0051]. *Note: Data in [ ] are cumulative figures. | 2025 |
Aviation traffic management
| 14th Five Year Plan for Aviation Logistics | 2022 | Load factor of dedicated freighter aircraft (%):＞80 Daily utilization rate of dedicated freighter aircraft (hours/day):>=6 | 2025 |
| "14th Five-Year" Civil Aviation Development Plan | 2021 | Flight punctuality rate (%): 2020: 88.5; 2025: >80. Average daily utilization of transport aircraft (hours): 2020: 6.5; 2025: 9.4. Number of countries with flight connections (count): 2020: 62; 2025: >70; Of which: Number of “Belt and Road” countries with flight connections (count): 2020: 42; 2025: >50. Flight punctuality rate (%): 2020: 88.5; 2025: >80 | 2025 |
Aviation transport activity
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Ensure that airports with an annual passenger throughput of over 5 million maintain a stable usage rate of more than 95% for alternative equipment to aircraft auxiliary power units (APUs). | 2027 |
| 14th Five Year Plan for Aviation Logistics | 2022 | It is expected that the volume of air cargo and mail transportation will maintain rapid growth during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, with an average annual growth rate of 7.0%, reaching 9.5 million tons in 2025, ranking among the top major economies in the world. Air cargo turnover (billion tonne-kilometers): 34.5 | 2025 |
Bus fleet renewal
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | The proportion of new energy urban buses: 72% | 2025 |
Bus route and service improvement
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | The proportion of established villages with passenger bus access nationwide reached 99.7%, of which the proportion of established villages with public transportation access exceeded 55%. | 2027 |
Capacity building - General
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Newly cultivate and select 100 young and middle-aged scientific and technological innovation leaders in transportation, 100 young top talents, 50 innovation teams, and 25 demonstration bases for innovative talent training. | 2027 |
Cybersecurity
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Comprehensively promote the "Internet Ten Supervision" of transportation, carry out big data risk warning applications for no less than 5 application scenarios; | 2027 |
Data collection and repositories - General
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | The national comprehensive transportation information platform has been completed and put into operation, the aggregation of key basic data in the industry has been further improved, and about 20 observation points of the long-term performance scientific observation network of transportation infrastructure have been built. Build a national comprehensive transportation information platform. Organize and carry out no less than 10 pilot projects of joint development between ministries and provinces to further enhance the level of aggregation of key basic data in the industry. Achieve the aggregation of electronic certificate data for more than 10 industries. Comprehensively promote the "Internet Ten Supervision" of transportation, carry out big data risk warning applications for no less than 5 application scenarios, and realize the access of national highway videos, national coastal and inland river major port operation data, inland high-grade waterways and important navigation buildings operation data to the national comprehensive transportation information platform. | 2027 |
Development of EV plan/policy
| Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030 ('1+N') | 2021 | By 2030, all ground vehicles and equipment at civil airports will strive to be powered by electricity. | 2030 |
Development of national energy plan/ policy
| China's submission to the global stocktake | 2022 | The share of non-fossil energy consumption will reach around 25%,the forest coverage rate will have reached about 25%, and the total installed capacity of wind power and solar power reaching over 1200 gigawatts.. | 2030 |
Development of road plan/ policy
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Promote the revision of laws such as the Highway Law. Accelerate the revision of administrative regulations such as the the Regulations on Urban Public Transportation, the Regulations on the Management of Toll Highways, the Regulations on Road Transport, the Regulations on Rural Highways. | 2027 |
Development of transport plan/ policy
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Optimize the comprehensive transportation standardization management system, and issue the "Transportation Industry Standard Management Measures". Formulate policy documents to deepen the reform of the transport system and establish a unified and open transport market, and promote the accelerated development of a high-standard transport market system that is unified and open, competitive and well-regulated, institutionally sound, and well-governed. | 2027 |
Disaster monitoring
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Comprehensively promote the "Internet Ten Supervision" of transportation, carry out big data risk warning applications for no less than 5 application scenarios; Strengthen the health monitoring of highway and waterway infrastructure. The health monitoring system for highway long bridge structures is officially operational, and a database for the transportation industry (highway and waterway) with comprehensive risks of natural disasters has been established. The treatment rate of newly discovered Class IV and Class V bridges on national and provincial trunk roads reached 100%, and no less than 1,000 kilometers of trunk road disaster prevention and control were completed each year. | 2027 |
EV - General
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | In national ecological civilization pilot zones and key regions for air pollution prevention and control, the proportion of new or upgraded public transport, taxi, and logistics delivery vehicles that are new energy vehicles shall be no less than 80% annually. | 2025 |
| New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035) | 2021 | By 2025, the market competitiveness of China's new energy vehicles will be significantly enhanced, and major breakthroughs will be made in key technologies such as power batteries, drive motors, and automotive operating systems, with a comprehensive improvement in safety levels. The average power consumption of new pure electric passenger vehicles will be reduced to 12.0 kWh/100 km, the sales volume of new new energy vehicles will reach about 20% of the total sales volume of new vehicles, highly autonomous vehicles will achieve commercial application in limited areas and specific scenarios, and the convenience of charging and swapping services will be significantly improved. | 2025 |
| Promote the development of multimodal transport, optimize and adjust the transport structure Work Program (2021-2025) | 2021 | The proportion of bulk goods transported by major coastal ports such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area using port railways, waterways, closed belt corridors, and new energy vehicles will strive to reach 80% | 2025 |
EV charging infrastructure
| Guidelines for the Scientific Planning and Construction of High-Power Charging Infrastructure | 2025 | The provincial departments responsible for the development of charging facilities should work with other relevant departments to reasonably determine the development goals and construction tasks of high-power charging facilities in the charging network planning, formulate special plans for high-power charging facilities in a timely manner according to needs, and work with transportation authorities to prioritize the construction plans for highway service areas, and take the lead in implementing high-power transformation for charging facilities with utilization rates exceeding 40% during major holidays. By the end of 2027, we will strive to have more than 100,000 high-power charging facilities nationwide, and achieve iterative upgrades in service quality and technical applications. Charging operators should speed up the construction of intelligent operation and maintenance platforms, realize fault data recording during high-power charging processes, improve the charging facility operation status monitoring and fault handling capabilities, and strive to achieve equipment availability of no less than 98%. | 2027 |
| Implementation Opinions on Strengthening the Integration and Interaction between New Energy Vehicles and the Power Grid (NDRC Energy [2023] No. 1721) | 2024 | By 2025, China's V2G interaction technology standard system will be initially established, the peak-valley electricity price mechanism for charging will be fully implemented and continuously optimized, significant progress will be made in the construction of the market mechanism, and efforts will be intensified to carry out pilot demonstrations of V2G interaction. It is expected that in 2025, more than 60% of the total charging volume in cities participating in the pilot demonstrations will be concentrated in the off-peak hours, and more than 80% of the charging volume of private charging piles will be concentrated in the off-peak hours. Strive to achieve full application of residential charging peak-valley time-of-use electricity prices by the end of 2025 to further stimulate the flexible adjustment potential of various charging and swapping facilities. | 2025 |
| Implementation Opinions on Strengthening the Integration and Interaction of New Energy Vehicles and Power Grids | 2023 | By 2025, a preliminary technical standard system for vehicle-grid interaction will be established, a peak-valley charging pricing mechanism will be fully implemented and continuously optimized, significant progress will be made in establishing market mechanisms, and efforts will be intensified in pilot demonstrations of vehicle-grid interaction. In participating cities, the goal is to ensure that by 2025, over 60% of annual charging electricity is concentrated during off-peak hours, and over 80% of charging electricity from private charging stations is concentrated during off-peak hours. The potential of new energy vehicles as a mobile electrochemical energy storage resource has been initially verified through pilot demonstrations. Develop a highly reliable, highly flexible, and low-energy vehicle-grid interactive system architecture and bidirectional charging and discharging equipment; develop key technologies for grid-friendly charging and swapping stations such as integrated photovoltaic storage and charging, and flexible DC bus mutual assistance; and overcome the precise prediction and aggregated control technology of massive distributed vehicle-grid interactive resources. | 2025 |
| Implementation Opinions on Strengthening the Integration and Interaction of New Energy Vehicles and Power Grids | 2023 | By 2030, a technical standard system for vehicle-grid interaction will be essentially established, market mechanisms will be further refined, vehicle-grid interaction will be implemented on a large scale, and intelligent and orderly charging will be fully promoted. New energy vehicles will become a crucial component of the electrochemical energy storage system, and the goal is to provide the power system with tens of millions of kilowatts of bidirectional flexible regulation capacity. Strengthen research on key technologies for vehicle-grid interaction information exchange and information security, and build a comprehensive "vehicle-pile-grid" intelligent, efficient interaction and coordinated safety control technology system. This will enable intelligent and convenient "plug and play charging (discharging)" interaction, while ensuring information security and grid operation safety. Vigorously promote intelligent and orderly charging facilities. In principle, all new charging piles should use intelligent and orderly charging piles, and promote the intelligent transformation of existing charging piles as needed. Encourage power grid companies to cooperate with charging operators to establish an efficient interaction mechanism between the power grid and charging and swapping stations, and improve the power response and regulation capabilities of charging and swapping stations. Explore and research power access capacity verification methods and related standards and specifications for different types of intelligent and orderly charging and swapping facilities to effectively improve the access capacity of the distribution network. Encourage the development of independent peak-valley time-of-use electricity pricing policies for charging facilities with highly directable loads, such as residential charging piles. Establish a differentiated pricing system based on residential charging loads and residential living loads, striving to fully implement peak-valley time-of-use electricity pricing for residential charging by the end of 2025, further stimulating the flexible adjustment potential of various charging and swapping facilities. Research and explore pricing mechanisms for the discharge of new energy vehicles and charging and swapping stations into the grid. Establish and improve mechanisms for the aggregation of vehicle-grid interactive resources to participate in demand-side management and market transactions. Optimize and improve auxiliary service mechanisms, enrich transaction varieties, expand the scope of participation, and increase the frequency and scale of vehicle-grid interactive resources in demand response. | 2030 |
| Implementation Opinions on Further Improving the Service Capabilities of Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure | 2022 | By the end of the "14th Five-Year Plan", China's electric vehicle charging guarantee capabilities will be further improved, forming a charging infrastructure system that is moderately advanced, balanced in layout, and intelligent and efficient. The charging infrastructure system can meet the charging needs of more than 20 million electric vehicles. China will strive to achieve a coverage rate of no less than 80% of fast charging stations in highway service areas in national ecological civilization pilot areas and key areas for air pollution prevention and control by 2025, and no less than 60% in other areas. | 2025 |
EV in freight
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | In national ecological civilization pilot zones and key regions for air pollution prevention and control, the proportion of new or upgraded public transport, taxi, and logistics delivery vehicles that are new energy vehicles shall be no less than 80% annually. | 2025 |
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | The proportion of new energy urban buses: 72%. Promote the electrification of urban public service vehicles and vehicles operating within ports and airports. In cities with a population of over one million (excluding severely cold regions), the proportion of electric vehicles among newly added or replaced ground public buses, urban logistics delivery vehicles, postal and express delivery vehicles, taxis, government service vehicles, and sanitation vehicles shall be no less than 80%. | 2025 |
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | New energy vehicles account for 72% of urban public transportation, 35% of taxis (including online ride-hailing vehicles), and 20% of urban logistics and distribution nationwide. New energy and clean energy container trucks account for 60% of international container hubs and seaports. The proportion of new energy vehicles in new or updated public transportation, taxis, logistics and distribution vehicles in national ecological civilization pilot areas and key areas for air pollution prevention and control shall not be less than 80%. | 2025 |
EV in public transport
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | New energy vehicles account for more than 75% and 35% of urban public transportation and taxi sectors respectively. The proportion of electric vehicle equipment in airports will reach more than 25%. | 2027 |
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | In national ecological civilization pilot zones and key regions for air pollution prevention and control, the proportion of new or upgraded public transport, taxi, and logistics delivery vehicles that are new energy vehicles shall be no less than 80% annually. | 2025 |
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | The proportion of new energy urban buses: 72%. Promote the electrification of urban public service vehicles and vehicles operating within ports and airports. In cities with a population of over one million (excluding severely cold regions), the proportion of electric vehicles among newly added or replaced ground public buses, urban logistics delivery vehicles, postal and express delivery vehicles, taxis, government service vehicles, and sanitation vehicles shall be no less than 80%. | 2025 |
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | New energy vehicles account for 72% of urban public transportation, 35% of taxis (including online ride-hailing vehicles), and 20% of urban logistics and distribution nationwide. New energy and clean energy container trucks account for 60% of international container hubs and seaports. The proportion of new energy vehicles in new or updated public transportation, taxis, logistics and distribution vehicles in national ecological civilization pilot areas and key areas for air pollution prevention and control shall not be less than 80%. | 2025 |
| 14th Five-Year Plan on Modern Energy System Planning | 2021 | Actively promote the application of new energy vehicles in urban public transportation and other fields. By 2025, the sales of new energy vehicles will account for about 20%. | 2025 |
EV in water transport
| Promote the development of multimodal transport, optimize and adjust the transport structure Work Program (2021-2025) | 2021 | The proportion of bulk goods transported by major coastal ports such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area using port railways, waterways, closed belt corridors, and new energy vehicles will strive to reach 80% | 2025 |
EV mandates/ procurement
| Opinions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Comprehensively Advancing the Construction of a Beautiful China | 2024 | By 2027, the proportion of new energy vehicles in newly added vehicles will strive to reach 45% | 2027 |
| The People's Republicof China Fourth National Communication on Climate Change | 2023 | By 2030, around 40% of newly added vehicles each year will be poweredby renewable and clean energy sources | 2030 |
| Notice from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Regarding Matters Related to the Average Fuel Consumption and New Energy Vehicle Credit Management of Passenger Vehicle Enterprises in 2024-2025 | 2023 | The new energy vehicle credit ratio requirements for 2024 and 2025 are 28% and 38%, respectively. | 2025 |
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | The proportion of new energy urban buses: 72%. Promote the electrification of urban public service vehicles and vehicles operating within ports and airports. In cities with a population of over one million (excluding severely cold regions), the proportion of electric vehicles among newly added or replaced ground public buses, urban logistics delivery vehicles, postal and express delivery vehicles, taxis, government service vehicles, and sanitation vehicles shall be no less than 80%. | 2025 |
| Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030 ('1+N') | 2021 | By 2030, the share of incremental vehicles fueled by new and clean energy will reach around 40% By 2030, no less than 70% of travel will be conducted through environmentally friendly means in cities with permanent populations of one million or more. | 2030 |
| China's Mid-Century Long-Term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development Strategy | 2021 | By 2030, the proportion of new energy and clean energy-powered vehicles will reach about 40% of all the vehicles sold in that year. | 2030 |
| Comprehensive work plan for energy conservation and emission reduction in the 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | By 2025, the sales volume of new energy vehicles will reach about 20% of the total sales volume of new vehicles. | 2025 |
| New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035) | 2021 | The average power consumption of new pure electric passenger vehicles will be reduced to 12.0 kWh/100 km, the sales volume of new new energy vehicles will reach about 20% of the total sales volume of new vehicles, highly autonomous vehicles will achieve commercial application in limited areas and specific scenarios, and the convenience of charging and swapping services will be significantly improved. | 2025 |
| Mid- to Long-term Development Plan for the Automotive Industry | 2017 | By 2025, new energy vehicles will account for more than 20% of automobile production and sales, and the energy density of power battery systems will reach 350 watt-hours/kilogram. | 2025 |
EV pilot projects
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | In national ecological civilization pilot zones and key regions for air pollution prevention and control, the proportion of new or upgraded public transport, taxi, and logistics delivery vehicles that are new energy vehicles shall be no less than 80% annually. | 2025 |
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | The proportion of new energy vehicles in new or updated public transportation, taxis, logistics and distribution vehicles in national ecological civilization pilot areas and key areas for air pollution prevention and control shall not be less than 80%. | 2025 |
| New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035) | 2021 | Starting from 2021, the proportion of new energy vehicles in new or updated public transport, taxis, logistics and distribution vehicles in national ecological civilization pilot zones and key areas for air pollution prevention and control shall not be less than 80%. | 2021 |
Economic instruments - General
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Integrated Development of Transportation and Energy | 2025 | Before 2030, the demand (capacity) electricity fee will be waived for centralized charging (swapping) facilities that implement a two-part electricity price. | 2030 |
| Action Plan on Demonstrating and Promoting the Use of Shore Power by Container Ships and Cruise Ships on International Routes at Ports (2023-2025) | 2023 | Before the end of 2025, the demand (capacity) electricity fee will be waived for port shore power operators that implement a two-part electricity price. We will encourage local governments to introduce financial support policies for the construction and use of port and ship shore power. In principle, the comprehensive cost of shore power use (electricity charges + service fees) should not be higher than the ship fuel cost before the end of 2025, and we will promote the normalization of the use of shore power by ships in the jurisdiction when they are docked. | 2025 |
Environment impact assessment
| Implementation Plan for Innovative Application of General Aviation Equipment (2024-2030) | 2024 | More than 10 leading enterprises in the general aviation industry chain with ecological dominance have been created. | 2027 |
Financial instruments to support decarbonisation - General
| The People's Republic of China Second Biennial Update Report on Climate Change | 2018 | According to the estimation of NCSC, from 2016 to 2030, China will spend about 24 trillion yuan, averaged to 1.6 trillion yuan annually, to finish the goals of climate change adaptation in NDCs. According to the estimation of NCSC, from 2016 to 2030, China will cumulatively need to spend about 32 trillion yuan (at 2015 constant price) in achieving the goals and tasks of climate change mitigation, with an average annual cost of about 2.1 trillion yuan. Comprehensively, till 2030, China's total finance needs for fulfilling its goals will reach about 56 trillion yuan, averaged to 3.7 trillion yuan annually. | 2030 |
Freight and logistics improvements - General
| Action Plan for Reducing Costs, Improving Quality and Increasing Efficiency of Transportation and Logistics | 2024 | By 2027, the cost reduction, quality improvement and efficiency improvement of transportation and logistics will achieve remarkable results, and the ratio of total social logistics costs to GDP will be reduced to about 13.5%. The national railway freight transportation turnover will increase by about 10% compared with 2023. the port container rail-water transport volume will increase by about 15% annually, and the reform of the comprehensive transportation system will make major breakthroughs. | 2027 |
| Action Plan to Effectively Reduce Logistics Costs in the Whole Society | 2024 | The proportion of railway freight volume and railway freight turnover volume will be increased to about 11% and 23% respectively. | 2027 |
| Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Integration of Passenger, Freight and Postal Services in Rural Areas | 2024 | We will strive to achieve full coverage of rural passenger, freight and postal integrated development in county-level administrative regions that meet the conditions by 2027, with the number of integrated stations of passenger, freight and postal at the county, township and village levels reaching more than 100,000, and rural passenger, freight and postal cooperation routes reaching more than 20,000. We will basically establish a new rural transportation service model of "multiple functions at one point, multiple uses on one network, intensive functions, convenience and efficiency", significantly improve the national rural transportation service level and sustainable development capabilities, and significantly enhance the people's sense of gain, happiness and security. | 2027 |
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | By 2027, a modern commercial circulation system that connects the inside and outside, connects urban and rural areas, connects production and sales, and is efficient and smooth will be basically established. The urban and rural commercial circulation network will be more complete, a hierarchical and classified urban commercial layout will be constructed, and the three-level logistics distribution system of counties, towns and villages will be improved. The cold chain circulation rates of fruits and vegetables and meat will reach 25% and 45% respectively. Improve the three-level logistics distribution system of counties, towns and villages. Encourage the integration of rural logistics, e-commerce and commercial circulation, supply and marketing distribution, postal express and other facilities, promote the integrated development of passenger, freight and postal services, and vigorously develop joint distribution. Support the integration of rural stores, rural comprehensive service agencies, and village-level express logistics comprehensive service stations (village post stations) into one, one network for multiple uses, and improve comprehensive service capabilities. Develop cold chain logistics for agricultural products. Build and transform regional cold chain logistics bases, integrate processing, distribution, low-temperature distribution and other functions, and strengthen the connection between trunk and branch cold chain logistics. Develop third-party cold chain logistics. Develop fresh food e-commerce and chain vegetable stores, improve cold chain facilities such as urban distribution warehouses and community forward warehouses, and improve intra-city distribution capabilities. | 2027 |
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | New energy and clean energy container trucks account for 60% of international container hubs and seaports. Further accelerate the promotion of "road to rail" and "road to water" in ports and large industrial and mining enterprises. The proportion of ore and coke transported by rail, water, closed belt corridors and new energy vehicles in major coastal ports in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei and surrounding areas reaches more than 70%. The proportion of green transportation of coal, ore, coke and other large industrial and mining enterprises with dedicated railway lines in the main coal producing areas of Shanxi, Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia has been greatly increased, and the proportion of railway transportation of coal and coke with a transportation distance of more than 500 kilometers out of the province will strive to reach more than 80%. Urban green freight distribution demonstration projects. We will deepen the creation of urban green freight distribution demonstration projects, and by 2025, we will orderly build about 100 urban green freight distribution demonstration projects. | 2025 |
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | By 2035, the the national comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network facilities will be more efficient. The proportion of multimodal transport and transshipment efficiency will be significantly improved, the transportation structure will be further optimized, and the logistics costs will be further reduced. The transportation hubs basically have the function of postal delivery, and achieve seamless connection with postal delivery hubs. "Global 123 Express Logistics Circle" will be basically achieved. (1-day delivery in China, 2-day delivery in neighboring countries, 3-day delivery in major cities around the world) | 2035 |
| Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Nation | 2019 | By 2035, the "Global 123 Express Logistics Circle" (domestic delivery in 1 day, delivery to neighboring countries in 2 days, and delivery to global major cities in 3 days) will be basically formed, and multimodal transport of goods will be efficient and economical. | 2035 |
Freight intermodality - General
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | The container volume of the Western Land-Sea New Corridor's rail-sea intermodal transport reached 1 million TEUs, and the cross-border railway volume reached 4 million tons. | 2027 |
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | 1-hour completion rate of multimodal transport transshipment: More than 90%. | 2035 |
Green logistics program
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Issue the "Implementation Opinions on Promoting Green and Low-Carbon Development of the Postal and Express Industry". | 2027 |
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | New energy and clean energy container trucks account for 60% of international container hubs and seaports. Further accelerate the promotion of "road to rail" and "road to water" in ports and large industrial and mining enterprises. The proportion of ore and coke transported by rail, water, closed belt corridors and new energy vehicles in major coastal ports in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei and surrounding areas reaches more than 70%. The proportion of green transportation of coal, ore, coke and other large industrial and mining enterprises with dedicated railway lines in the main coal producing areas of Shanxi, Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia has been greatly increased, and the proportion of railway transportation of coal and coke with a transportation distance of more than 500 kilometers out of the province will strive to reach more than 80%. Urban green freight distribution demonstration projects. We will deepen the creation of urban green freight distribution demonstration projects, and by 2025, we will orderly build about 100 urban green freight distribution demonstration projects. | 2025 |
Green roads program
| National Highway Network Plan | 2022 | The National Roads network effectively avoids ecological protection areas and environmentally sensitive areas, significantly improves the efficiency of land space utilization, and basically achieves greening of the entire process and cycle of construction. | 2035 |
High speed rail (HSR) expansion
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | With the 'Eight Vertical and Eight Horizontal' high-speed rail corridors as the main framework, supported by regional high-speed rail connectors and supplemented by certain intercity railways with trunk line functions, a high-speed rail network primarily operating at speeds of 250 km/h and above will cover more than 95% of cities with populations over 500,000. Bottlenecks along conventional rail lines will be basically eliminated. The operating mileage of railways is 165,000 kilometers, of which 50,000 kilometers are high-speed railways. | 2025 |
Hydrogen
| Medium- and long-term plan for the development of the hydrogen energy industry (2021-2035) | 2021 | The number of fuel cell vehicles is about 50,000, and a number of hydrogen refueling stations are deployed and built. The annual production of hydrogen from renewable energy reaches 100,000 to 200,000 tons, becoming an important part of the new hydrogen energy consumption, and achieving a carbon dioxide emission reduction of 1 million to 2 million tons per year. | 2025 |
Increasing transport activity
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, focus on creating about 100 green travel cities, guide the public to give priority to public transportation, walking and bicycles and other green travel modes, and continuously improve the level of urban green travel. By 2025, strive to achieve a green travel ratio of 70% in more than 60% of the created cities, and a green travel service satisfaction rate of no less than 80%. | 2025 |
| Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030 ('1+N') | 2021 | During the 14th Five-year Plan period, the volume of rail-ship container transportation will increase above 15% annually. | 2030 |
| Promote the development of multimodal transport, optimize and adjust the transport structure Work Program (2021-2025) | 2021 | The national railway and waterway freight volumes will increase by about 10% and 12% respectively compared with 2020, and the container railway-waterway transport volume will increase by more than 15% annually. | 2025 |
Inland waterways (IWT) improvement - General
| Opinions on Strengthening the Planning and Construction of Coastal and Inland Ports and Waterways in the New Era | 2024 | Inland waterway transportation focuses on the task of achieving the standards for 25,000 kilometers of national high-grade waterways. | 2035 |
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | The mileage of national high-grade waterways has reached about 19,000 kilometers. | 2027 |
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | The mileage of inland high-grade waterways is 18,500 kilometers. | 2025 |
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Water Transport | 2021 | During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, about 5,000 kilometers of inland waterways will be added and improved, including about 2,500 kilometers of new national high-grade waterways. | 2025 |
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | By 2035, the total physical line network of the national comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network will be about 700,000 kilometers (excluding overseas sections of international land routes, air and sea routes, and postal routes). Among them, there are about 25,000 kilometers of high-grade waterways. There are 27 major coastal ports and 36 major inland ports. | 2035 |
| Outline for the Development of Inland Waterway Transport | 2020 | The inland waterway with a thousand-ton level reaches 25,000 kilometers. The emergency arrival time for important sections does not exceed 45 minutes, and the emergency arrival time for major ports (areas) does not exceed 30 minutes. | 2035 |
Innovations and digitalization - General
| Opinions on promoting high-quality development of inland waterway transportation | 2025 | By 2030, the level of waterway networking and intelligence will be significantly improved, and the coverage rate of electronic waterway charts for high-level waterways will reach 85%. | 2030 |
| 2024 Work Plan for Five People's Livelihood Matters, including Expansion, Improvement and Efficiency of Accessible Transportation Services for the Elderly | 2024 | Provide comprehensive services for the processing and use of electronic road transport licenses. Expand online processing services for business licenses, and achieve full coverage of "cross-province processing" for road transport operators, operating vehicles, and practitioners. In the management of the road transport industry, comprehensively promote the application of electronic road transport licenses, and generate more than 15 million electronic licenses. Relying on electronic road transport licenses, WeChat applet for road transport administration, etc., provide services such as "showing certificates and codes", scanning codes for verification, etc., to achieve cross-regional mutual trust and mutual recognition of electronic licenses. Fully implement the online purchase of electronic tickets with real-name documents such as resident identity cards, passports, and foreigners' permanent residence identity cards. The electronic ticket coverage rate for second-level and above bus stations and customized passenger routes under real-name management will reach over 99%, and the electronic ticket coverage rate for inter-provincial and inter-city routes reach over 95%. | 2024 |
| Action Plan for Improving Transportation Standards (2024-2027) | 2024 | Strengthen the construction of standardization innovation capabilities. Strengthen the strategic and forward-looking standard research reserves, strengthen the standard research in key technology fields, and promote the ratio of standard research results of common key technology and application-oriented science and technology plan projects to more than 50%. | 2027 |
| Notice on Supporting and Guiding the Digital Transformation and Upgrading of Road and Waterway Transportation Infrastructure | 2024 | Starting from 2024, over a period of about three years, support about 30 demonstration areas, build a number of demonstration channels and networks with integrated lines and networks, and strive to promote the digital transformation and upgrading of about 85% of busy national highways, about 25% of busy ordinary national roads, and about 70% of important national high-grade waterways. In terms of intelligent expansion, the efficiency of demonstration channel traffic will be improved by about 20%; in terms of safety and efficiency, the efficiency of emergency response to emergencies will be improved by about 30%; in terms of integration and innovation, a number of vehicle-road-cloud and ship-shore-cloud application scenarios, key technologies, and standards with high promotion value will be summarized; in terms of system and mechanism innovation, a number of new business forms and models such as personalized customization, networked collaboration, and industrial integration will be promoted. | 2027 |
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | The proportion of airports with paperless travel capabilities exceeds 99%. Deepen the promotion of "one-stop" government services, achieve 100% online handling rate of ministerial matters, and realize more than 10 aggregation of electronic license data. | 2027 |
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | The electronic ticket coverage rate for second-level and above road passenger stations and inter-provincial and inter-city passenger routes is 99% and 80% respectively. (30%、25% for 2020) By the end of the 14th Five-Year Plan period, electronic ticketing services will be basically implemented at all Class II and above passenger terminals and on more than 80% of inter-provincial and inter-city passenger bus routes. | 2025 |
| 14th Five Year Plan for Aviation Logistics | 2022 | Service capabilities are smart and advanced. The level of information and intelligent application of aviation logistics has been significantly improved, the electronic rate of freight documents has reached 80%, and electronic waybills have been promoted and applied in major airports across the country. | 2025 |
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | Digitalization rate of transportation infrastructure: 90%. | 2035 |
Intelligent transport systems (ITS)
| Intellegent Automobile innovation and development strategy | 2020 | By 2025, the technological innovation, industrial ecology, infrastructure, regulatory standards, product supervision and cybersecurity system of China's standard intelligent vehicles will be basically formed. Intelligent vehicles with conditional autonomous driving will be mass-produced, and highly autonomous intelligent vehicles will be commercialized in specific environments. By 2025, positive progress has been made in the construction of intelligent transportation systems and smart city-related facilities. Vehicle wireless communication networks (LTE-V2X, etc.) have achieved regional coverage. The new generation of vehicle wireless communication networks (5G-V2X) have been gradually applied in some cities and highways, and the high-precision space-time reference service network has achieved full coverage. | 2025 |
| Intellegent Automobile innovation and development strategy | 2020 | 2035 to 2050, China's standard intelligent vehicle system will be fully established and more complete. | 2050 |
| Mid- to Long-term Development Plan for the Automotive Industry | 2017 | By 2020, the rate of new car assembly of DA (driving assistance), PA (partial autonomous driving), and CA (conditional autonomous driving) systems will exceed 50%, and the rate of assembly of networked driving assistance systems will reach 10%, meeting the needs of smart transportation city construction. | 2020 |
| Mid- to Long-term Development Plan for the Automotive Industry | 2017 | By 2025, the rate of new car assembly of DA, PA, and CA will reach 80%, of which the rate of new cars assembly of PA and CA will reach 25%, and highly and fully autonomous driving cars will begin to enter the market. | 2025 |
Investment volume for transport
| Action plan to promote large-scale equipment renewals and consumer product trade-ins | 2024 | By 2027, the scale of equipment investment in industry, agriculture, construction, transportation, education, culture and tourism, and medical care will increase by more than 25% compared with 2023. | 2027 |
LPG/ CNG/ LNG
| China's First NDC Submission | 2016 | Expand the scale of natural gas utilization. By 2020, the proportion of natural gas in primary energy consumption will reach more than 10%, and the coalbed methane production will strive to reach 30 billion cubic meters. | 2020 |
Land use - General
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | Promote the coordination between transportation infrastructure and ecological space, protect important ecological functional areas to the maximum extent, avoid ecological and environmental sensitive areas, and strengthen the protection of permanent basic farmland. Strengthen the supply of land and other resources for national comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network planning projects, strictly control land use during planning and construction, highlight the three-dimensional, intensive and economical thinking, improve the complexity of transportation land, revitalize vacant transportation land resources, and improve relevant policies for public transportation oriented development. Increased proportion of comprehensive utilization of multi-mode land space of new transportation infrastructure in major channels: 80%. | 2035 |
Logistics digitalization and technology
| 14th Five Year Plan for Aviation Logistics | 2022 | Service capabilities are smart and advanced. The level of information and intelligent application of aviation logistics has been significantly improved, the electronic rate of freight documents has reached 80%, and electronic waybills have been promoted and applied in major airports across the country. | 2025 |
Logistics hub
| Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Integration of Passenger, Freight and Postal Services in Rural Areas | 2024 | By 2027, the number of integrated stations of passenger, freight and postal at the county, township and village levels reaching more than 100,000. | 2027 |
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Five global international postal express hub clusters have been basically built. The level of integration, intensiveness and complexity of comprehensive transportation hubs has been significantly improved, with the railway access rate to major coastal ports exceeding 95% and the rail transit access rate to hub airports exceeding 80%. Improve the rural logistics service network, publicize and promote 100 rural logistics service brands across the country, and improve the level of logistics services in rural areas. | 2027 |
| 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Promote the construction of about 120 national logistics hubs. | 2025 |
Managing transport energy consumption
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Integrated Development of Transportation and Energy | 2025 | The proportion of electricity in the transportation industry to the industry's terminal energy consumption will reach 10%. | 2027 |
| Action Plan for Energy Conservation and Carbon Reduction 2024-2025 | 2024 | The comprehensive energy consumption of railway unit conversion turnover volume decreased by 4.5% compared with 2020. | 2025 |
| The People's Republicof China Fourth National Communication on Climate Change | 2023 | energy consumptionof rail transport per unit of turnover will decrease by 10% from the 2020 level. China will strive to reach peak oil consumption in land transport before 2030. | 2030 |
| Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030 ('1+N') | 2021 | We will strive to reach a peak in petroleum consumption for land transportation before 2030. By 2030, comprehensive energy consumption of the national railways per unit of converted turnover will be cut by 10% compared with 2020. We will strive to reach a peak in petroleum consumption for land transportation before 2030. | 2030 |
Measures to improve rural-urban connectivity
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Carry out the creation of about 200 demonstration counties for integrated urban and rural transportation. | 2027 |
Mobility-as-a-service (MAAS)
| 2024 Work Plan for Five People's Livelihood Matters, including Expansion, Improvement and Efficiency of Accessible Transportation Services for the Elderly | 2024 | Expand the coverage of taxi call or online car-hailing "one-click call" service, and basically achieve full coverage of cities at prefecture level and above. Continue to promote the compliance of online ride-hailing services, and achieve an increase of more than 15% in the number of online ride-hailing driver and vehicle licenses issued by 2023. | 2024 |
Modal shift
| Action Plan for Energy Conservation and Carbon Reduction 2024-2025 | 2024 | By the end of 2025, the railway and water freight volumes will increase by 10% and 12% respectively compared with 2020. | 2025 |
| Action Plan for Reducing Costs, Improving Quality and Increasing Efficiency of Transportation and Logistics | 2024 | the port container rail-water transport volume will increase by about 15% annually. Vigorously develop river-sea transport, water-to-water transshipment and "bulk to container", and support the creation of rail-sea transport and river-sea transport organization service centers. The proportion of major coastal ports using port access railways, waterways, closed belt corridors, and new energy vehicles to transport bulk goods exceeds 80%. | 2027 |
| Action Plan to Effectively Reduce Logistics Costs in the Whole Society | 2024 | The proportion of railway freight volume and railway freight turnover volume will be increased to about 11% and 23% respectively. | 2027 |
| Implementation Plan for Promoting Low-Carbon Development in the Railway Industry | 2024 | Transport mode share: Railway passenger and freight turnover accounted for more than 48% and 22% of the total social volume respectively. The volume of container rail-water transport maintained rapid growth. | 2030 |
| Opinions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Comprehensively Advancing the Construction of a Beautiful China | 2024 | by 2035, the proportion of railway freight turnover in total turnover will reach about 25% | 2035 |
| 14th Five Year Plan for Aviation Logistics | 2022 | Proportion of air cargo value in China's total import and export trade (%): > 20% | 2025 |
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | The average annual growth rate of container rail-water intermodal transport volume: 15%. | 2025 |
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | The average annual growth rate of container rail-water transport volume is 15%. Further accelerate the promotion of "road to rail" and "road to water" in ports and large industrial and mining enterprises. The proportion of ore and coke transported by rail, water, closed belt corridors and new energy vehicles in major coastal ports in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei and surrounding areas reaches more than 70%. The proportion of green transportation of coal, ore, coke and other large industrial and mining enterprises with dedicated railway lines in the main coal producing areas of Shanxi, Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia has been greatly increased, and the proportion of railway transportation of coal and coke with a transportation distance of more than 500 kilometers out of the province will strive to reach more than 80%. | 2025 |
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Water Transport | 2021 | During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, the average annual growth rate of container rail-water transport volume will be 15%. | 2025 |
| Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030 ('1+N') | 2021 | During the 14th Five-year Plan period, the volume of rail-ship container transportation will increase above 15% annually. | 2025 |
| Promote the development of multimodal transport, optimize and adjust the transport structure Work Program (2021-2025) | 2021 | The proportion of bulk goods transported by major coastal ports such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area using port railways, waterways, closed belt corridors, and new energy vehicles will strive to reach 80% the proportion of coal and coke transported by large industrial and mining enterprises in the main coal producing areas of Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Inner Mongolia for medium and long-distance transportation (transportation distance of more than 500 kilometers) will strive to reach 90% | 2025 |
| Outline for the Development of Inland Waterway Transport | 2020 | The turnover of inland waterway cargo accounts for 9% of the total social volume. | 2035 |
| China's First NDC Submission | 2016 | By 2020, public transportation will account for 30% of motorized travel in large and medium-sized cities. | 2020 |
Parking measures - General
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | By 2025, no less than 1,200 standardized "Drivers' Homes" will be built and put into stable operation, and gas stations that meet the conditions will be promoted to build "Drivers' Homes", gradually building a "Drivers' Home" service network system with a reasonable layout, networked connections, complete services, convenient and affordable services. | 2025 |
Port electrification
| Action Plan on Demonstrating and Promoting the Use of Shore Power by Container Ships and Cruise Ships on International Routes at Ports (2023-2025) | 2023 | Regarding the installation rate of ship power receiving facilities. By the end of 2024, cruise ships of international cruise companies berthing at cruise ports with shore power supply capabilities will have power receiving facilities. Regarding the installation coverage rate of shore power facilities at ports and terminals. We strive to achieve 100% coverage of high-voltage shore power facilities at the terminals where cruise port enterprises berth cruise ships by the end of 2024. | 2024 |
| Action Plan on Demonstrating and Promoting the Use of Shore Power by Container Ships and Cruise Ships on International Routes at Ports (2023-2025) | 2023 | Regarding the installation rate of ship power receiving facilities, by the end of 2025, 40% of international trunk container ships (including owned and leased ships) of international container liner companies that call at ports with shore power supply capabilities will have power receiving facilities. By the end of 2025, 90% coverage of high-voltage shore power facilities at the terminals where international hub seaport-related container port enterprises berth international trunk container ships. | 2025 |
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | New energy and clean energy container trucks account for 60% of international container hubs and seaports. The amount of shore power used by ports and water service areas in the Yangtze River Economic Belt increased by 100% compared with 2020. | 2025 |
Promote preparedness and rapid recovery of transport function
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | The treatment rate of newly discovered Class IV and Class V bridges on national and provincial trunk roads reached 100%, and no less than 1,000 kilometers of trunk road disaster prevention and control were completed each year. | 2027 |
Public transport improvement - General
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | New energy vehicles account for more than 75% and 35% of urban public transportation and taxi sectors respectively. Select about 50 cities to carry out the creation of national public transportation cities and establish a long-term mechanism for the construction of public transportation cities. Carry out green travel actions in depth and maintain the number of cities with over 1 million permanent urban residents and a green travel rate above 70% at no less than 60. | 2027 |
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Strive to basically achieve full coverage of tourist passenger transport routes for AAA-level and above scenic spots by 2025. By 2025, megacities and very large cities shall establish rail transit as the backbone of their urban public transport systems, and strengthen the integration of conventional buses, rail transit, and non-motorized transport to form a comprehensive urban transit network, with the public transport modal share of motorized travel reaching no less than 50%. Large cities shall establish medium- and large-capacity public transport as the backbone of their urban public transport systems, promote the integration of bus and non-motorized transport networks, and achieve a public transport modal share of no less than 40%. Small and medium-sized cities and county towns shall build a green mobility system dominated by urban public transport and coordinated with walking and cycling, with the green travel share reaching no less than 60%. | 2025 |
| The People's Republic of China Second Biennial Update Report on Climate Change | 2018 | Unit energy consumption of public transport company (kgce/100 vehicle-km) 48.5 | 2016 |
| China's First NDC Submission | 2016 | Build a green and low-carbon transportation system, optimize transportation methods,rationally allocate urban transportation resources, give priority to the development of public transportation. | 2020 |
Rail infrastructure expansion
| Opinions on promoting high-quality development of inland waterway transportation | 2025 | The role of ports as comprehensive transportation hubs will be significantly played, the collection and distribution system will be more complete, and the main ports on the Yangtze River main line will achieve 100% coverage of railway access. | 2030 |
| Implementation Plan for Promoting Low-Carbon Development in the Railway Industry | 2024 | The proportion of large industrial and mining enterprises and newly built logistics parks with dedicated railway lines with an annual bulk cargo transportation volume of more than 1.5 million tons will strive to reach more than 90%. The railway access rate of important coastal ports will reach more than 80%, and the railway access rate of important inland ports will continue to increase. | 2030 |
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | The national railway operating mileage has reached about 170,000 kilometers, of which high-speed railways are about 53,000 kilometers and conventional railways are about 117,000 kilometers. The level of integration, intensiveness and complexity of comprehensive transportation hubs has been significantly improved, with the railway access rate to major coastal ports exceeding 95% and the rail transit access rate to hub airports exceeding 80%. Actively promote the construction of dedicated railway lines, and the key port areas of major coastal and inland ports with conditions are basically connected to the collection and distribution railway, and the railway access rate of major coastal ports exceeds 95%. Newly built or relocated logistics parks, industrial and mining enterprises and grain reserves with an annual transportation volume of more than 1.5 million tons of bulk goods, in principle, are connected to dedicated railway lines or pipelines. | 2027 |
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | With the 'Eight Vertical and Eight Horizontal' high-speed rail corridors as the main framework, supported by regional high-speed rail connectors and supplemented by certain intercity railways with trunk line functions, a high-speed rail network primarily operating at speeds of 250 km/h and above will cover more than 95% of cities with populations over 500,000. Bottlenecks along conventional rail lines will be basically eliminated. The operating mileage of railways is 165,000 kilometers, of which 50,000 kilometers are high-speed railways. Railway access rate to major coastal port areas (%)>70 The rail transit access rate at hub airports: 80%. | 2025 |
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Water Transport | 2021 | The railway access rate of major coastal ports is greater than 90%. | 2025 |
| 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | The rail transit of urban agglomerations and metropolitan areas will add 3,000 kilometers of intercity railways and suburban railways, and basically complete the rail transit network of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. Add 3,000 kilometers of urban rail transit operating mileage. | 2025 |
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | By 2035, there are about 200,000 kilometers of railways. Among them, there are 70,000 kilometers of high-speed railways (including some intercity railways) and 130,000 kilometers of conventional railways (including some suburban railways). | 2035 |
Rail safety
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | The railway transport fatality rate per billion tonne-kilometers: less than 0.3 persons per billion tonne-kilometers. | 2025 |
Railway electrification
| Implementation Plan for Promoting Low-Carbon Development in the Railway Industry | 2024 | The railway electrification rate has reached over 78%. | 2030 |
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | The electrification rate of railways has reached more than 75%. Accelerate the electrification of existing railways, and achieve a railway electrification rate of more than 75%. | 2027 |
Reduction of transport/ logistics costs
| Action Plan to Effectively Reduce Logistics Costs in the Whole Society | 2024 | by 2027, the ratio of total social logistics costs to GDP will be reduced to about 13.5%. | 2027 |
Renewable energy
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Integrated Development of Transportation and Energy | 2025 | By 2027: The installed capacity of non-fossil energy power generation along the transportation infrastructure will be no less than 5 million kilowatts, and the proportion of local consumption will increase steadily. | 2027 |
| China's Nationally Determined Contribution Report 2035 | 2025 | the share of non-fossil energy consumption in total energy consumption will exceed 30%. | 2035 |
| Action Plan for Energy Conservation and Carbon Reduction 2024-2025 | 2024 | By 2025, the proportion of non-fossil energy consumption will reach about 20%, and the energy-saving and carbon-reduction transformation in key areas and industries will save about 50 million tons of standard coal and reduce carbon dioxide emissions by about 130 million tons. We will make best effort to complete the binding indicators of energy conservation and carbon reduction in the "14th Five-Year Plan". By the end of 2025, the proportion of non-fossil energy power generation in the country will reach about 39%. By the end of 2025, the installed capacity of pumped storage and new energy storage in the country will exceed 62 million kilowatts and 40 million kilowatts respectively | 2025 |
| Guidance on implementing vigorous renewable energy substitution actions | 2024 | The "14th Five-Year Plan" has made positive progress in the substitution of renewable energy in key areas, and the national renewable energy consumption will reach more than 1.1 billion tons of standard coal in 2025. | 2025 |
| Guidance on implementing vigorous renewable energy substitution actions | 2024 | During the 15th Five-Year Plan period, the production and living style of giving priority to the use of renewable energy in all fields has been basically formed. By 2030, the national renewable energy consumption will reach more than 1.5 billion tons of standard coal, which will strongly support the realization of the 2030 carbon peak target. | 2030 |
| The People's Republicof China Fourth National Communication on Climate Change | 2023 | By 2060, with a clean, safe, efficient, andlow-carbon energy system in place, China will become one of the most energy-efficient countries in the world and the share of non-fossil fuels in its energy consumptionwill reach more than 80%. | 2060 |
| 14th Five-Year Plan on Modern Energy System Planning | 2021 | By 2025, the proportion of non-fossil energy consumption will increase to about 20%, the proportion of non-fossil energy power generation will reach about 39%, the level of electrification will continue to increase, and the proportion of electricity in terminal energy consumption will reach about 30%. | 2025 |
| 14th Five-Year Plan on Modern Energy System Planning | 2021 | Looking ahead to 2035, the proportion of non-fossil energy consumption will further increase significantly on the basis of reaching 25% in 2030, renewable energy power generation will become the main power source, and the construction of a new power system will achieve substantial results. | 2030 |
| Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030 ('1+N') | 2021 | In trans-regional transmission of power generated by new energy resources, we will strictly control the scale of supplementary coal power, and ensure in principle that no less than 50% of electricity transmitted via newly constructed lines is generated from renewable resources. | 2025 |
| China First NDC (Updated submission) | 2021 | China will increase the share of non-fossil fuels in primary energy consumption to around 25%. | 2030 |
| China's Mid-Century Long-Term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development Strategy | 2021 | By 2060, China will fully establish a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system, reach energy efficiency at international advanced levels, and improve the proportion of non-fossil fuels in energy consumption up to over 80%. | 2060 |
| China's First NDC Submission | 2016 | By2020, non-fossil energy accounts for about 15% of primary energy consumption. | 2020 |
| China's First NDC Submission | 2016 | Non-fossil energy accounts for about 20% of primary energy consumption. | 2030 |
Reporting, transparency, feedback mechanism
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | The time-limited completion rate and return visit satisfaction rate of 12328 transportation service supervision telephone are 95% and 98%. (93.9% and 97.8% in 2020) | 2025 |
Research in transport sector
| Action Plan for Improving Transportation Standards (2024-2027) | 2024 | Strengthen the strategic and forward-looking standard research reserves, strengthen the standard research in key technology fields, and promote the ratio of standard research results of common key technology and application-oriented science and technology plan projects to more than 50%. | 2027 |
Resilient transport infrastructure
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | Multi-path connection ratio in key areas: More than 95%. Safety facility integrity rate of the national comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network: More than 95%. The resilience of the transportation network and the ability to respond to various major risks have been significantly improved, and the transportation of important supplies is efficient and reliable. Accelerate the construction of multi-channel, multi-mode and multi-path in urban agglomerations, key areas, important ports, major industrial and energy bases, and areas prone to natural disasters, and enhance the resilience and safety of the transportation network system. | 2035 |
Road infrastructure expansion
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | The mileage of national expressways has reached about 130,000 kilometers, and the mileage of ordinary national highways is about 270,000 kilometers. | 2027 |
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | The main lines of the national expressway network composed of 7 capital radial lines, 11 north-south longitudinal lines, 18 east-west horizontal lines, and regional ring lines, parallel lines, and connecting lines are basically connected, and the quality of ordinary roads is further improved. The national highways along the border are basically connected. The mileage of open roads is 5.5 million kilometers, of which 190,000 kilometers are expressways. Accelerate the upgrading and quality improvement of low-grade sections of general national and provincial highways, and increase the proportion of Class II or above national highways in western regions to 70%." "Improve the high-quality development system for 'Four Good Rural Roads' and carry out demonstration programs in depth, aiming to achieve a coverage rate of approximately 85% for townships connected by Class III or above highways. | 2025 |
| National Highway Network Plan | 2022 | The total planned scale of the national highway network is about 461,000 kilometers, consisting of a national expressway network and a general national highway network, of which national Expressways are about 162,000 kilometers (including about 8,000 kilometers of long-term prospect lines, 2050) and general National Roads are about 299,000 kilometers. It is estimated that about 110,000 kilometers of National Roads will need to be constructed and renovated in the future. By 2035, a modern high-quality national highway network with extensive coverage, complete functions, intensive and efficient, green, intelligent, safe and reliable will be basically built, forming a multi-center networked road network pattern, realizing international inter-provincial interconnection, multi-route connectivity between urban agglomerations, convenient and smooth inter-city traffic between urban agglomerations, high-speed access to prefecture-level cities, comprehensive coverage of county-level nodes, and continuous access to border and coastal highways. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, orderly promote the construction of national expressways that play an important role in strengthening international, regional, inter-provincial and inter-city connections, and give priority to opening up the main line and inter-provincial sections to be connected. Accelerate the construction of general national roads, and basically eliminate the general national roads and other sections to be connected. Promote the transformation of congested sections and urban transit sections in city clusters, and realize that ordinary national roads in the eastern and central regions basically reach the second-level and above standards, and the proportion of ordinary national roads in the western region at the second level and above reaches 70%. Basically build a national road network that connects with the national comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network and effectively meets the needs of passenger and freight transportation, and the support and leading role of national roads in unblocking the main arteries of domestic and international dual circulation has been significantly enhanced. Promote the integrated construction of comprehensive transportation corridors in a coordinated manner, advance the overall planning of alignments for infrastructure such as railways and highways, and facilitate the shared use of corridor alignment resources. Tap into the potential of existing resources, make full use of existing facilities for reconstruction, expansion, and upgrading, and strengthen the planning and management of expanding capacity by opening new lines. | 2035 |
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Highways | 2021 | Highways will be extended to all cities and counties with an urban population of over 100,000, and the main routes of the “71118” national expressway network will be essentially completed. Remaining gaps in ordinary national highways and other pending sections will be largely eliminated. (*“71118” refers to national network consisting of 7 radial expressways from the capital, 11 north-south vertical expressways, and 18 east-west horizontal expressways.) | 2025 |
| 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Newly build and renovate 25,000 kilometers of expressway. | 2025 |
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | By 2035, there are about 460,000 kilometers of highways. Among them, the national expressway network is about 160,000 kilometers; the ordinary national highway network is about 300,000 kilometers. | 2035 |
Road surfacing
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | In the reconstruction, expansion, repair and maintenance projects of national expressways, ordinary national and provincial highways, and rural roads, pavement material recycling technology is actively applied. The recycling rates of waste asphalt pavement materials on expressways and ordinary national and provincial highways have reached 95% and over 80% respectively. | 2025 |
Rural transport services
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | The proportion of established villages with passenger bus access nationwide reached 99.7%, of which the proportion of established villages with public transportation access exceeded 55%. | 2027 |
Shipping efficiency improvements
| Opinions on promoting high-quality development of inland waterway transportation | 2025 | The average net deadweight tonnage of inland waterway motor cargo ships nationwide will reach more than 1,900 tons. | 2030 |
Shipping port infrastructure improvements
| Opinions on promoting high-quality development of inland waterway transportation | 2025 | The role of ports as comprehensive transportation hubs will be significantly played, the collection and distribution system will be more complete, and the main ports on the Yangtze River main line will achieve 100% coverage of railway access. | 2030 |
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | The level of integration, intensiveness and complexity of comprehensive transportation hubs has been significantly improved, with the railway access rate to major coastal ports exceeding 95% and the rail transit access rate to hub airports exceeding 80%. Promote the construction of smart ports, carry out pilot work on the construction of a smart port transportation power, and build no less than 5 automated container terminals. Promote the construction of smart waterways, organize and implement transportation science and technology demonstration projects around smart ship lock dispatching, smart waterway construction, management and maintenance, identify no less than 1 smart waterway project, build a joint intelligent dispatching system for cascade ship locks, and realize the production and release of new standardized products such as new generation electronic charts, hydrological information, and maritime safety information based on the S-100 standard. | 2027 |
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Modern Transport Hub System | 2021 | The rail access rate of major coastal ports is over 90%. | 2025 |
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Water Transport | 2021 | The adaptability of the throughput capacity of large-scale specialized coastal terminals will increase from greater than 1.0 in 2020 to greater than 1.1 in 2025. The railway access rate of major coastal ports is greater than 90%. | 2025 |
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | There are 27 major coastal ports and 36 major inland ports. | 2035 |
Solar energy
| China First NDC (Updated submission) | 2021 | China will bring its total installed capacity of wind and solar power to over 1.2 billion kW. | 2030 |
| China's Mid-Century Long-Term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development Strategy | 2021 | By 2030, the proportion of non-fossil energy in energy consumption reaches to about 25%, and total installed wind and solar power capacity reached over 1.2 billion kilowatts. | 2035 |
| China's First NDC Submission | 2016 | By 2020, the installed capacity of wind power will reach 200 million kilowatts, the installed capacity of photovoltaic power will reach about 100 million kilowatts, and the scale of geothermal energy utilization will reach 50 million tons of standard coal. | 2020 |
Taxi - General
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | New energy vehicles account for more than 75% and 35% of urban public transportation and taxi sectors respectively. New energy vehicles account for more than 75% and 35% of urban public transportation and taxi sectors respectively. The proportion of electric vehicle equipment in airports will reach more than 25%. New energy vehicles account for more than 75% and 35% of urban public transportation and taxi sectors respectively. The proportion of electric vehicle equipment in airports will reach more than 25%. | 2027 |
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | In national ecological civilization pilot zones and key regions for air pollution prevention and control, the proportion of new or upgraded public transport, taxi, and logistics delivery vehicles that are new energy vehicles shall be no less than 80% annually. | 2025 |
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | The proportion of new energy vehicles in new or updated public transportation, taxis, logistics and distribution vehicles in national ecological civilization pilot areas and key areas for air pollution prevention and control shall not be less than 80%. | 2025 |
| New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035) | 2021 | Starting from 2021, the proportion of new energy vehicles in new or updated public transport, taxis, logistics and distribution vehicles in national ecological civilization pilot zones and key areas for air pollution prevention and control shall not be less than 80%. | 2021 |
Technical standards for general transport infrastructure
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Promote the upgrading of standards, complete the formulation and revision of about 200 national and industry standards in key areas each year, and make regional standards in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao, Chengdu-Chongqing and other regions more coordinated and complementary, and the high-quality standard system of Xiongan New Area with international leading level has basically taken shape. Strengthen standardization innovation, cultivate and develop about 20 national and industry standard verification points, and build a number of standardization innovation platforms such as the National Technical Standard Innovation Base and the National Water Transport Monitoring Equipment Industry Metrology and Testing Center. Strengthen the harmless treatment and comprehensive utilization of industrial waste, construction waste, etc. in the construction and operation of transportation infrastructure. Promote the unified planning, unified design, unified construction, and coordinated management of comprehensive transportation infrastructure construction. Promote the economical and intensive use of land, line positions, bridge positions, water shorelines and other resources in transportation construction projects, focus on new projects in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Yellow River, Pearl River and other urban sections and estuary sections, and promote the construction model of multi-mode shared cross-river channels. Strictly implement the environmental impact assessment system, strictly implement environmental protection measures, promote ecological site selection and line selection, strengthen ecological and environmental protection design, actively promote the construction of green transportation corridors, reduce the impact of transportation infrastructure construction and operation on the ecological environment, acoustic environment, water environment, atmospheric environment, etc., and strictly control the occupation of ecologically sensitive areas. Build a modern engineering construction management system, improve the level of engineering safety management, promote the construction of safe and century-old quality projects, promote high-quality construction and meticulous management, strengthen quality and safety supervision, and carry out standardized construction and standardized management. | 2027 |
Technical standards for road infrastructure
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Stabilize the rate of excellent and medium roads of rural roads at more than 85%, and greatly improve the safety guarantee capacity of rural roads. | 2027 |
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | By 2025, the greening rate of expressway and ordinary national and provincial highways in humid areas will reach more than 95%, and more than 85% in semi-humid areas. In the reconstruction, expansion, repair and maintenance projects of national expressways, ordinary national and provincial highways, and rural roads, pavement material recycling technology is actively applied. The recycling rates of waste asphalt pavement materials on expressways and ordinary national and provincial highways have reached 95% and over 80% respectively. | 2025 |
Transport Laws and Regulations- General
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Promote the revision of laws such as the Railway Law, the Highway Law, the Maritime Law, the Civil Aviation Law, and the Postal Law. Accelerate the revision of administrative regulations such as the Regulations on Emergency Rescue and Investigation and Handling of Railway Traffic Accidents, the Regulations on Urban Public Transportation, the Regulations on the Management of Toll Highways, the Regulations on Road Transport, the Interim Regulations on Express Delivery, the Regulations on Rural Highways, the Regulations on the Investigation of Civil Aircraft Accidents, and the Regulations on Universal Postal Services. | 2027 |
Transport access improvement - General
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | The rail transit access rate at hub airports: 80%. (Refers to the proportion of airports connected to rail transit among international hub airports and regional hub airports) | 2025 |
| National Highway Network Plan | 2022 | Wide coverage. National highways fully connect prefecture-level administrative centers, cities and counties with an urban population of more than 100,000, and important land border ports, and ordinary national highways fully connect county-level and above administrative regions, important national tourist attractions, and land border ports. Complete functions. National roads realize the radiation of the capital to the provincial capital, multi-channel connections between provinces and urban agglomerations, and fully connect with the Asian Roads Network and international economic cooperation corridors. The traffic capacity of national highways has been significantly improved, and the technical grade structure of ordinary national road has been significantly improved, which strongly supports the construction of a national comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network. Intensive and efficient. Conveniently connect all comprehensive transportation hub cities and important transportation hubs, connect more smoothly with other modes of transportation, and make urban transit transportation more efficient. The layout of key channels such as cross-sea, cross-river and cross-river is more intensive. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, orderly promote the construction of national expressways that play an important role in strengthening international, regional, inter-provincial and inter-city connections, and give priority to opening up the main line and inter-provincial sections to be connected. Accelerate the construction of general national roads, and basically eliminate the general national roads and other sections to be connected. Promote the transformation of congested sections and urban transit sections in city clusters, and realize that ordinary national roads in the eastern and central regions basically reach the second-level and above standards, and the proportion of ordinary national roads in the western region at the second level and above reaches 70%. Basically build a national road network that connects with the national comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network and effectively meets the needs of passenger and freight transportation, and the support and leading role of national roads in unblocking the main arteries of domestic and international dual circulation has been significantly enhanced. Promote the integrated construction of comprehensive transportation corridors in a coordinated manner, advance the overall planning of alignments for infrastructure such as railways and highways, and facilitate the shared use of corridor alignment resources. Tap into the potential of existing resources, make full use of existing facilities for reconstruction, expansion, and upgrading, and strengthen the planning and management of expanding capacity by opening new lines. | 2035 |
| "14th Five-Year" Civil Aviation Development Plan | 2021 | Coverage rate of prefecture-level administrative centers within 60 min of a transport airport (%): 2020: 74.8; 2025: >80. | 2025 |
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Modern Transport Hub System | 2021 | The rail transit access rate of hub airports is over 80%. The rail transit access rate of hub airports is over 80%. The half-hour accessibility rate of new comprehensive passenger transport hubs to the central urban area is over 90%. | 2025 |
Transport asset management information system
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | The national comprehensive transportation information platform has been completed and put into operation, the aggregation of key basic data in the industry has been further improved, and about 20 observation points of the long-term performance scientific observation network of transportation infrastructure have been built. Comprehensively promote the "Internet Ten Supervision" of transportation, carry out big data risk warning applications for no less than 5 application scenarios, and realize the access of national highway videos, national coastal and inland river major port operation data, inland high-grade waterways and important navigation buildings operation data to the national comprehensive transportation information platform. Build the "Green Shield" project (Phase II) for safety supervision of postal delivery channels. | 2027 |
Transport demand management - General
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | It is estimated that from 2021 to 2025, the average annual growth rate of passenger travel (including car travel) will be around 4.3%, the proportion of high-speed rail, civil aviation, and car travel will continue to increase, and the demand for tourism travel and passenger travel in urban agglomerations will become more vigorous. Public transport motorized travel share in central cities >46%. (>43% for 2020) Among the cities with a permanent urban population of over 1 million, there are more than 60 cities where the proportion of green travel exceeds 70%. (40 cities for 2020) | 2025 |
| "14th Five-Year" Civil Aviation Development Plan | 2021 | Total transport turnover (100 million ton-km): 2020: 799; 2025: 1750; Average growth rate: 17.0 (5.2); Passenger traffic volume (100 million passenger trips): 2020: 4.2; 2025: 9.3; Average growth rate: 17.2 (5.9) Chinese airlines' share of China's international freight transport market (%): 2020:33.8%; 2024:>=40%. Cargo and mail volume (10,000 tons): 2020: 677; 2025: 950; Average growth rate: 7.0 (3.9) General aviation flight hours (10,000 hours): 2020: 281; 2025: 450; Average growth rate: 9.5; of which: UAV flight hours on the cloud system (10,000 hours): 2020: 183; 2025: 250; Average growth rate: 10. *Data in ( ) are 6-year average annual growth rates using 2019 as the base year | 2025 |
| Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030 ('1+N') | 2021 | By 2030, no less than 70% of travel will be conducted through environmentally friendly means in cities with permanent populations of one million or more. | 2030 |
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | It is estimated that the average annual growth rate of passenger travel (including car travel) will be around 3.2% from 2021 to 2035. The proportion of high-speed rail, civil aviation and car travel continues to increase, and the demand for international passenger travel and urban agglomeration passenger travel is even stronger | 2035 |
Transport international conventions - General
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | There will be 25 countries and regions that have signed international road transport agreements. (19 in 2020) | 2025 |
Urban rail expansion
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | The operating mileage of urban rail transit is 10,000 kilometers. | 2025 |
Vehicle improvement - General
| Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030 ('1+N') | 2021 | By 2030, the share of incremental vehicles fueled by new and clean energy will reach around 40%. | 2030 |
| Mid- to Long-term Development Plan for the Automotive Industry | 2017 | By 2020, the level of intelligence will be significantly improved, and the proportion of the automotive aftermarket and service industry in the value chain will reach more than 45%. By 2020, R&D expenditures of key automobile enterprises will account for about 4% of their operating income, the average failure rate of new cars will drop by 30% compared with 2015, and several world-renowned automobile brands will be deveopled. | 2020 |
| Mid- to Long-term Development Plan for the Automotive Industry | 2017 | By 2025, key areas will be fully intelligentized, and the proportion of the automotive aftermarket and service industry in the value chain will reach more than 55%. By 2025, the R&D expenses of key automobile companies will account for about 6% of their operating income, the average failure rate of new cars of key enterprises will reach the same level as that of international first-line brands, and the production and sales volume of several Chinese brand automobile companies will rank among the top ten in the world. | 2025 |
| Mid- to Long-term Development Plan for the Automotive Industry | 2017 | In the next 10 years, the proportion of the automotive service industry in the value chain will increase by 2 percentage points annually. | 2027 |
Vehicle scrappage scheme
| Action plan to promote large-scale equipment renewals and consumer product trade-ins | 2024 | The volume of scrapped cars recycled will approximately double that of 2023, and the volume of used car transactions will increase by 45% compared to 2023. | 2027 |
| Mid- to Long-term Development Plan for the Automotive Industry | 2017 | The level of energy conservation and environmental protection and the recycling rate of automobiles have been continuously improved, the automobile recycling rate will reach 95% by 2020. By 2025, the actual recycling rate of automobiles will reach the international advanced level. | 2025 |
X-minute city concept for accessibility
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Build an integrated transportation system in the Chengdu-Chongqing region and strive to create a 1-hour transportation network. Achieve 2-hour accessibility between major cities in key urban agglomerations such as the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Chengdu-Chongqing, and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. | 2027 |
| Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Nation | 2019 | By 2035, a "national 123 travel and transportation circle" will be basically formed (1-hour commuting in urban areas, 2-hour access to urban clusters, and 3-hour coverage of major cities across the country). | 2035 |
Transport and Climate Policy Measures
These tables list the policy measures that relate to climate change mitigation and adaptation in the transport sector that had been identified in the transport policy documents.
Accreditation of transport agencies and centres
| Opinions on Further Improving Environmental Supervision of Motor Vehicles | 2025 | Strengthen the accreditation management of motor vehicle emission inspection institutions by uniformly applying the general procedures for qualification accreditation of inspection and testing bodies. Improve requirements for technical competence of inspection personnel, performance indicators of testing equipment, and anti-tampering measures for software. Clarify the requirement for on-site reviews by environmental protection experts during the technical evaluation stage of the qualification accreditation process. Include motor vehicle emission inspection agencies in the routine supervision and law enforcement inspection plan. Make full use of remote monitoring, big data analysis, letters and visits complaints and other methods to strengthen supervision and management, and investigate and deal with illegal acts such as falsifying inspection data and issuing false inspection reports in accordance with the law. Establish a withdrawal mechanism for serious illegal agencies, and the ecological environment and market supervision departments will unify the identification standards, and cancel the inspection qualifications for serious violations in accordance with the law. For general, management, and non-standard inspection and other issues, education and rectification will be the main focus, and assistance and guidance will be strengthened, timely reminders and warnings will be given, and they will be urged to conduct self-inspection and self-correction. Regularly organize verification and comparison of the environmental protection inspection capabilities of motor vehicle emission inspection agencies, guide agencies to carry out inspection activities in strict accordance with relevant standards and specifications, and fully adopt the working condition method for vehicles that meet the inspection conditions. Encourage local governments to establish a scoring management system for motor vehicle emission inspection agencies and implement the "open pipe and open line" management of inspection equipment. Encourage provincial ecological environment departments to research and develop unified motor vehicle emission inspection software for the province. | x | ||||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Continue to improve the quality of motor vehicle maintenance and driver training. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Implement the reform of the registration system for international road freight transport, motor vehicle driver training, motor vehicle maintenance, and car rental operations, as well as the implementation of the notification and commitment system for road passenger station operating licenses. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Optimize the working environment of professional drivers, couriers, crew members, etc., and strengthen the quality management of motor vehicle driver training. | x | ||||
| Intellegent Automobile innovation and development strategy | 2020 | Promote certification and accreditation. Establish and improve a certification and accreditation mechanism that combines enterprise self-assessment, reporting, and third-party technical inspection, and build a comprehensive certification service system covering the entire life cycle of intellegent vehicles. Carry out functional, reliability, and safety certification of key software and hardware, and formulate certification specifications and rules for intellegent vehicles of different levels. Promote the evaluation capacity and system construction of test demonstration areas. | x |
Active transport infrastructure expansion and improvement
| Action Plan for Energy Conservation and Carbon Reduction 2024-2025 | 2024 | Improve the urban slow-moving system. | x | x | |||
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Development of Urban Integrated Transportation Systems | 2023 | Accelerate the development of green, slow-moving urban transportation systems. These systems, comprised of a network of pedestrian and bicycle lanes, meet residents' daily needs for shopping, leisure, and fitness, and are crucial for improving urban quality. In conjunction with urban renewal initiatives, scientifically plan and construct pedestrian and bicycle lanes, implementing a "one district, one policy" and "one road, one policy" approach to ensure safe travel for slow-moving traffic. Actively promote pedestrian cleanup and the construction of dedicated bicycle lanes to enhance the continuity, safety, and comfort of slow-moving transportation infrastructure. | x | x | |||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Enhance transport demand management by guilding the rational use of private vehicles and standardizing static traffic order. Accelerate the development of non-motorized transport systems, increase the modal share of walking and cycling, and construct dedicated bicycle lanes tailored to local conditions. Vigorously improve the quality of public transportation services, optimize the slow-moving system, and increase the attractiveness of green travel. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Build a safe, continuous, and comfortable urban slow-moving transportation system, improve the continuity and smoothness of non-motorized vehicle lanes and trails, increase non-motorized vehicle parking facilities in commercial office areas, public transportation stations, tourist attractions, and other places, and improve pedestrian crossing facilities. Accelerate the development of rapid trunk transportation, life-oriented distribution transportation, and green slow-moving transportation to achieve smooth connection. | x | x | |||
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | Accelerate the construction of a green travel system. According to local conditions, build a public transportation system with urban rail transit and rapid bus as the backbone and conventional bus as the main body, and strengthen the integrated development of the "railway + bus + slow travel" network. Deepen the construction of national bus cities, improve the service level of urban rail transit, and continuously improve the public transportation travel experience. Carry out green travel creation actions, improve the green travel environment, and increase the proportion of green travel in cities. Improve the urban slow travel system, improve the travel quality of urban walking and non-motorized vehicles, and build a safe, continuous and comfortable urban slow travel system. | x | x | |||
| National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy 2035 | 2022 | The Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area: : We should optimize the construction of public slow-moving systems such as urban greenways and footpaths in forests and wetlands, and build a quality living circle with an environment that is pleasant to live in, do business and attractive to tourism. | x | x | |||
| 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Prioritize the development of urban public transportation and build slow-moving networks such as bicycle lanes and pedestrian paths. | x | ||||
| China's Mid-Century Long-Term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development Strategy | 2021 | Strengthen the comprehensive management of urban traffic congestion, give priority to the development of urban public transportation, encourage the public to preferentially choose urban public transportation to travel, improve the urban slow traffic system, and increase the proportion of green travel. | x | x | |||
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | Develop shared transportation in an orderly manner, strengthen the construction of urban slow transportation systems such as walking and cycling, rationally allocate parking facilities, carry out sidewalk purification operations, build bicycle lanes according to local conditions, and encourage green travel by the public. | x | x | |||
| Voluntary National Review 2021 - CHN | 2021 | Green mobility has been promoted through the spatial layout of roads, special operations to clean up sidewalks, and designation of bike lanes. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Green Mobility | 2020 | the construction of slow-moving transportation systems such as walking and cycling, and barrier-free facilities are steadily advancing | x | ||||
| Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Nation | 2019 | Improve the city's pedestrian and non-motorized transportation systems, improve the quality of travel by walking, cycling, and other means, and improve barrier-free facilities. | x |
Aircraft fleet renovation
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation | 2022 | Promote the design and development of new configurations of large aircraft, and develop unmanned intelligent aircraft, high-altitude large-load drones, new energy-driven aircraft and other equipment. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Plan for Aviation Logistics | 2022 | Improve fleet support capabilities. Revise the management measures for the introduction of transport aircraft, establish a flexible mechanism for the introduction of cargo aircraft, optimize the handling process, and support cargo airlines to expand the scale of cargo aircraft and develop air cargo by leasing and purchasing. Cooperate with relevant ministries and commissions to actively build a stable and diversified aviation product supply chain for civil aircraft, engines, key facilities and equipment, core software systems and parts. Research and formulate relevant policies for the operation and support of domestic civil aircraft in terms of fleet introduction, flight schedules, and operation assessment, and mobilize the enthusiasm of airlines to operate domestic civil aircraft. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year" Civil Aviation Development Plan | 2021 | Actively promote the development of related industries such as the dismantling of old aircraft and recycling of aviation materials. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Promote the demonstration operation of C919 large passenger aircraft and the serial development of ARJ21 regional passenger aircraft. Accelerate the R&D and verification of key materials for advanced aircraft engines, promote the development of the CJ1000 civil turbofan engine with a large bypass ratio, break through the key technologies of wide-body aircraft engines, and realize the industrialization of advanced civil turboshaft engines. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030 ('1+N') | 2021 | We will work to make airport operations based increasingly on electric power and smart technology, and develop new-energy aircraft. | x |
Airport infrastructure improvement
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Construction of International Aviation Hubs | 2024 | Promote the optimal allocation of resources at international aviation hubs, build 2-3 world-class super air carriers, strengthen the all-round gateway and complex functions of international aviation hubs such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou, and build a number of international aviation hubs and regional aviation hubs facing specific regions. | x | ||||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Build border airports such as Pulan, Suifenhe, and Zhundong (Qitai), and relocate Yanji Airport. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | A modern airport system with a complete layout and complete functions has basically taken shape. Expand aviation network coverage. Promote the coordinated development of regional airport clusters, and build world-class airport clusters such as the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and Chengdu-Chongqing. | x | ||||
| Implementation Plan for New Urbanization in the 14th Five-Year Plan | 2022 | Systematically layout, optimize and improve the hub airports, feeder airports, general airports and cargo airports. | x | ||||
| Promote the development of multimodal transport, optimize and adjust the transport structure Work Program (2021-2025) | 2021 | Orderly promote the construction of professional freight hub airports | x | x |
Airport/ground operations improvement
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Construction of International Aviation Hubs | 2024 | By 2035, the functional system of international aviation hubs will be fully established. Among them, the transportation production scale, international coverage, connectivity and transit efficiency of international aviation hubs with all-round portal complex functions will accelerate towards the world-class level. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Continue to improve the efficiency of aviation logistics security inspection and customs clearance. Accelerate the transformation and upgrading of hub airport cargo facilities. At airports with strong cargo supply capabilities, improve cargo flight schedule policies, further optimize flight schedule resource allocation, and support airlines to build cargo flight waves. Achieve "7×24" hour customs clearance at qualified international air cargo hub airports in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao and Chengdu-Chongqing to meet the needs of rapid customs clearance for air cargo. | x | x | |||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation | 2022 | Support breakthroughs in the research and development of technologies such as airport intelligent operation monitoring, self-service intelligent services, and smart energy management. | x | ||||
| Digital Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2021 | Smart civil aviation. Build smart airports and smart air traffic control, accelerate control and service-oriented changes, and realize smart operation, smart services, and smart management. | x | ||||
| Promote the development of multimodal transport, optimize and adjust the transport structure Work Program (2021-2025) | 2021 | strengthen the comprehensive service functions of hub airports such as cargo transshipment, bonded supervision, postal express, and cold chain logistics, and encourage the development of rail transit that is connected to key hub airports. | x | x |
Alternative fuels - General
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Integrated Development of Transportation and Energy | 2025 | Promote the green and low-carbon transformation of railway locomotives and rolling stocks. Promote energy-saving transformation and low-carbon upgrading of high-energy-consuming and high-emission rolling stocks, establish a replacement mechanism for old rolling stocks, and encourage and guide the orderly withdrawal of high-energy-consuming and high-emission rolling stocks. Improve the monitoring and evaluation system for rolling stocks energy consumption and emissions, carry out research on the carbon credit management system for railway equipment, promote the application of a new generation of low-emission, low-fuel-consumption medium- and high-speed diesel locomotives, and promote the large-scale application of long-range electric, hydrogen, hybrid and other new energy rolling stocks and supporting energy supply facilities in areas with weak power grid structures. Support the application of photovoltaic power generation technology on inland ships. Actively promote the application of clean energy such as electricity, liquefied natural gas (LNG), biodiesel, green alcohol, green ammonia, and green hydrogen on ships. Under the premise of ensuring the safety of port operations and ship navigation, relying on harbors, warehouses, breakwaters, etc., promote the development and utilization of new energy such as ocean energy, photovoltaics, and wind power in situ according to local conditions. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Large-Scale Equipment Renewal in Transportation | 2024 | Encourage the renewal of new energy locomotives. Organize relevant enterprises to create a systematic and platform-based Chinese standard new energy railway equipment platform for different regions and scenarios, so that locomotive emissions, fuel consumption, comfort and other indicators can reach the international advanced level. Relying on the research and development of the Fuxing series of locomotive products, adopt high-power power batteries, a new generation of diesel engines, internal and external dual sources, hydrogen power systems, low-carbon/zero-carbon fuel engines and other technologies to promote the renewal and upgrading of old diesel locomotives. Adopt hybrid power and new energy power and other technologies to realize the replacement application of shunting locomotives; install a new generation of low-emission and low-fuel consumption medium- and high-speed diesel engines to realize the replacement application of trunk freight locomotives; adopt the integrated application of diesel engines + power batteries to realize the replacement of trunk passenger locomotives and the serialization of dynamic sets; adopt high-efficiency AC transmission technology to realize the iterative upgrade of locomotive product technology. Strengthen the intensive and efficient utilization of shoreline resources, and support the construction of bunkering and charging (swapping) supply service guarantee capabilities for LNG, biodiesel, green alcohol, etc. Vigorously support the development of new energy and clean energy powered transport ships. Accelerate the research and development of fuel powered ships such as liquefied natural gas (LNG), alcohol, hydrogen, and ammonia, strengthen the key common and cutting-edge leading core technologies such as high-performance LNG, high-power alcohol fuel engines, and high-energy density and high-safety performance power batteries, and improve the supply capacity of new energy ship equipment. Support the construction of new energy and clean energy powered ships, support the development of international navigation ships powered by fuels such as green alcohol and green ammonia, promote the application of LNG and biodiesel powered ships in coastal and inland routes with conditions, support the pilot application of pure battery power in small and medium-sized, short-distance inland ships, support ships to explore the pilot application of mobile equipment replacement modes such as box power supplies, and gradually expand the application of green electricity, LNG, biodiesel, green alcohol and other energy in the field of ships. Improve the major reconstruction policies for passenger ships, implement incentives such as priority berthing and unberthing for new energy ships, and ensure the supply capacity of electricity, LNG, biodiesel, green alcohol and other energy. Encourage the exploration and establishment of regional pilot demonstration zones for comprehensive new energy for ships. | x | ||||
| Action plan to promote large-scale equipment renewals and consumer product trade-ins | 2024 | gradually expand the application scope of new energy ships such as electric, liquefied natural gas powered, biodiesel powered, and green methanol powered. | x | ||||
| Implementation Plan for Promoting Low-Carbon Development in the Railway Industry | 2024 | Transportation equipment: We will strive to increase the proportion of electric locomotives to more than 70%. The rolling stock equipment in railway stations will gradually realize new energy. | x | ||||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Promote the application of oil-electric hybrid, liquefied natural gas, hydrogen fuel, ammonia fuel, methanol power and pure electric ships. | x | ||||
| China's First NDC Submission | 2016 | Encourage the development and use of low-carbon and environmentally friendly transportation tools such as new energy vehicles and ships, improve fuel quality, and promote new alternative fuels. | x | x |
Ammonia
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | Actively explore the application of oil-electric hybrid, hydrogen fuel, ammonia fuel, and methanol-powered ships. | x | x |
App-based mobility
| 2024 Work Plan for Five People's Livelihood Matters, including Expansion, Improvement and Efficiency of Accessible Transportation Services for the Elderly | 2024 | Consolidate the effect of reducing the excessively high commission rate for online ride-hailing services and enhance the sense of gain of online ride-hailing drivers. Urge all online ride-hailing platform companies to implement the upper limit of the commission ratio announced, open up complaint and reporting channels, and accept social supervision. Provincial-level transportation authorities should conduct research and supervision on the implementation of the action to improve the quality of travel services in the new transportation industry in their provinces, organize field tests and unannounced visits from time to time, and supervise the commission of online ride-hailing platforms. | x | ||||
| Notice on Further Strengthening Accessible Travel Services for the Elderly | 2024 | We must urge operators of travel information services to accelerate the implementation of aging-friendly and barrier-free transformation of travel service Internet websites and mobile Internet applications (Apps) in accordance with barrier-free website design standards and national information accessibility standards. | |||||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Optimise the licensing and approval procedures, intensify efforts to crack down on illegal ride-hailing operations, strengthen information disclosure, enhance the compliance information inquiry services for online ride-hailing, and accelerate the sector's compliance process. Strengthen the primary responsibility of platform enterprises, promote transparency and openess in business strategies such as pricing and commission rules, reduce excessively high commission rates and membership fees, and effectively safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of passengers and drivers. Strengthen the monitoring of industry operations, strengthen anti-monopoly supervision in conjunction with relevant departments, prevent disorderly expansion and barbaric growth of capital, standardize the business behavior of new transportation platform enterprises, and create a fair and competitive market environment. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Standardize the charging rules of new transportation platforms, guide platform operators to reduce excessive and unreasonable charges and commissions, and improve the transparency of various charging standards, rules and commission ratios. Accelerate the process of compliance of online taxi drivers and vehicles, provide vehicle and driver compliance information query services to the public, and standardize platform operating behaviors. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year" National Road Traffic Safety Plan | 2022 | Establish and improve new road traffic models and new business formats, and regulations, systems and supervision systems, and implement the primary safety responsibilities of platform companies such as online ride-hailing, shared cars, Internet road freight, and food delivery. | x | ||||
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Healthy Development of the Taxi Industry | 2016 | Cruising taxi operators and online taxi booking operators (hereinafter referred to as online taxi booking platform companies) are encouraged to implement corporate management in accordance with the modern enterprise system through mergers, reorganizations, absorption of shares, etc., to achieve the integrated development of new and old business formats. Cruising car companies are encouraged to transform and provide online taxi booking services. Standardize online ride-hailing business operations. Online ride-hailing platform companies should make full use of Internet information technology to strengthen the production and operation management of service vehicles and drivers, and continuously improve the riding experience and service level. Provide operating services in accordance with relevant national regulations and standards, reasonably determine the metering and pricing methods, ensure operational safety and the legitimate rights and interests of passengers, and must not engage in unfair pricing behavior. Regulate the development of online ride-hailing services. Market-regulated prices will be applied to online ride-hailing services, and government-guided prices may be implemented if the city people's government deems it necessary. | x | x |
Autonomous vehicles
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation | 2022 | Promote the development of new energy vehicles and intelligent networked vehicles, break through technologies such as fuel cells, high-efficiency drive motors, vehicle-road cooperative wireless communications, vehicle active protection and automatic warning, develop tools and platforms such as test evaluation and experimental verification, and realize the conditional application and operation of autonomous driving vehicles. The pilot application of autonomous driving will build a number of pilot application scenarios around road transportation, urban travel and logistics, park passenger and freight transportation, port transportation and collection and distribution, and operations in specific scenarios. It will promote the integrated development of intelligent vehicle technology, smart road technology, and vehicle-road collaborative technology, improve the operation and network security protection capabilities of autonomous driving vehicles, and explore the formation of large-scale application solutions for autonomous driving technology. | x | ||||
| New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035) | 2021 | next 5 years: highly autonomous vehicles will achieve commercial application in limited areas and specific scenarios next 10 years: highly autonomous vehicles will achieve large-scale application | x | ||||
| Intellegent Automobile innovation and development strategy | 2020 | Carry out test runs and demonstration applications of intellegent vehicles in specific areas to verify the accuracy of vehicle environmental perception, scene positioning accuracy, decision-making and control rationality, system fault tolerance and fault handling capabilities, smart car basic map service capabilities, and "people-vehicle-road-cloud" system coordination. Promote places with conditions to carry out large-scale and comprehensive application pilots of city-level smart cars, and support advantageous regions to create national vehicle networking pilot areas. Encourage companies in artificial intelligence, the Internet, etc. to develop into leading companies in autonomous driving system solutions, encourage companies in information and communications, etc. to develop into smart car data service providers and wireless communication network operators, and encourage companies related to transportation infrastructure to develop into suppliers of smart city transportation system solutions. Promote the transformation and application of new technologies. Carry out joint military and civilian research, accelerate the application of Beidou satellite navigation and positioning system and high-resolution earth observation system in the field of intellegent vehicles , promote the transformation and application of military technologies with independent intellectual property rights such as vehicle electronic control, high-performance chips, laser/millimeter wave radar, micro-electromechanical systems, and inertial navigation systems, and strengthen the development and application of autonomous driving systems and cloud control basic platforms in the field of national defense and military industry. Encourage vehicle manufacturers to gradually become providers of intellegent vehicles products, and encourage parts manufacturers to gradually become suppliers of key system integration for smart cars. Formulate management regulations in the fields of intellegent vehicles software and hardware upgrades, after-sales services, quality assurance, financial insurance, etc., and actively promote the commercial application of smart cars. Build a comprehensive and efficient intellegent vehicles cybersecurity system: -Improve the security management linkage mechanism. Strictly implement national network security laws and regulations and level protection, improve the smart car cybersecurity management system, and conduct regular cybersecurity supervision and inspection. -Improve cybersecurity protection capabilities. Build a multi-layer security protection system, establish a Beidou system anti-interference and anti-deception security protection system, build a smart car ncybersecurity situation awareness platform, and improve emergency response capabilities. -Strengthen data security supervision and management. Establish a security management mechanism covering the entire life cycle of intellegent vehicles data, and clarify the data security protection responsibilities and specific requirements of relevant entities. | x |
Aviation electrification
| China's Nationally Determined Contribution Report 2035 | 2025 | advance the electrification of urban public service vehicles, and pursue cleaner energy use in shipping and aviation | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Energy Conservation and Carbon Reduction 2024-2025 | 2024 | Improve the level of electrification of energy consumption in stations, railways, airports, etc., promote the use of new energy for non-road mobile machinery, and accelerate the matching and transformation of domestic transport ships and port shore power facilities. | x | ||||
| Action plan to promote large-scale equipment renewals and consumer product trade-ins | 2024 | Strengthen the industrialization capacity of green aviation equipment such as electric and hydrogen energy. | x | ||||
| The People's Republicof China Fourth National Communication on Climate Change | 2023 | The Civil Aviation Administration of China issued plans on deepening the greendevelopment of civil aviation and the three-year action plan to fight air pollution incivil aviation, which clarify targets and requirements in regard to “fuel to electricity (FTE)”andauxiliary power unit (APU) replacement projects. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030 ('1+N') | 2021 | We will work to make airport operations based increasingly on electric power and smart technology, and develop new-energy aircraft. We will guide businesses in the aviation sector in making their operations smarter and saving energy and reducing carbon emissions in a systematic manner. We will work to make airport operations based increasingly on electric power and smart technology, and develop new-energy aircraft. | x |
Aviation emission standards
| "14th Five-Year" Civil Aviation Development Plan | 2021 | Effectively participate in the formulation of international standards and gradually establish an environmental protection standard system for aircraft and engine airworthiness certification. | x |
Aviation fuels - General
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Integrated Development of Transportation and Energy | 2025 | Develop new energy aircraft. Promote the application and promotion of new energy aircraft, and increase support for the development of new energy aircraft. Encourage regions with foundations and conditions to deploy test bases for key green aviation technologies, product solutions and safety verification. Accelerate the establishment of an airworthiness certification system and a continuous airworthiness system for new energy aircraft. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Plan for Aviation Logistics | 2022 | Promote the application of aviation decarbonization technology and improve fuel efficiency. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year" Civil Aviation Development Plan | 2021 | Improve the independent capabilities of aviation fuel and aviation chemical certification technology, and promote the domestic application of aviation fuel and aviation chemical products. Optimize and enhance aviation fuel supply capabilities. Promote the construction of aviation fuel facilities in parallel with airport construction. Plan and build aviation fuel storage and transportation bases in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and Southwest China, enhance the aviation fuel supply capabilities of feeder airports, improve the aviation fuel dispatch and emergency support mechanism, and ensure the security of aviation fuel supply. Encourage the diversification of investment entities in the construction of aviation fuel supply facilities. Implement management and technical measures such as fuel policy optimization, secondary dispatch, precise fuel quantity management, aircraft performance monitoring, fuel-saving modifications, and aircraft weight reduction to improve fleet fuel efficiency. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030 ('1+N') | 2021 | bill | x |
Aviation improvements - General
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Construction of International Aviation Hubs | 2024 | By 2025, the functional system of international aviation hubs will be basically formed. The scale of transportation production and domestic and international service coverage will be fully restored, the connectivity and transit efficiency will be accelerated, and the international competitiveness will be accelerated. By 2050, a number of world-class aviation companies and first-class aviation hubs will be built, and the functional system of international aviation hubs will be further improved, supporting my country to build a first-class aviation transportation power with strong guarantees, people's satisfaction and strong competitiveness. Create an aviation hub functional system with clear positioning, unique characteristics and strong competitiveness. Support the development of airport economy based on aviation hubs and build a national-level airport economy demonstration zone with high quality. With passengers as the center, we will make good functional layout of air passenger facilities, make good layout connection of passenger transfer facilities according to the functional zoning of aviation hub terminal area, optimize the layout of customs, border inspection and other facilities, and actively provide services to support the facilitation of international and domestic processes. With specialization as the orientation, we will strengthen the co-construction and sharing of facilities with professional air cargo enterprises, strengthen the layout construction of air cargo hub transfer center, and strive to build a layout of air cargo facilities with complete functions, reasonable layout and smooth connection. | x | ||||
| Implementation Opinions on Promoting the Innovation and Development of Future Industries | 2024 | Advanced and efficient aviation equipment. Focusing on the development of the next generation of large aircraft, we will break through core technologies such as new layouts, intelligent driving, interconnected avionics, multi-electric systems, and open rotor hybrid engines. intelligent and efficient aviation logistics equipment, etc. | x | ||||
| Implementation Plan for Innovative Application of General Aviation Equipment (2024-2030) | 2024 | By 2027, general aviation equipment supply capacity and industrial innovation capacity will be significantly improved, a modern general aviation basic support system will be basically established, an efficient and integrated industrial ecosystem will be initially formed, and a general aviation public service equipment system will be basically improved. New general aviation equipment with unmanned, electrified, and intelligent technical features will be commercially applied in urban air transport, logistics distribution, emergency rescue and other fields. By 2030, a new model of general aviation industry development characterized by high-end, intelligent and green development will be basically established, supporting and ensuring the safe and efficient operation of the "short-distance transportation + electric vertical take-off and landing" passenger network, the "trunk-branch-end" drone delivery network, and the low-altitude production operation network that meets the needs of industrial and agricultural operations. General aviation equipment will be fully integrated into all areas of people's production and life, becoming a powerful driving force for the growth of the low-altitude economy and forming a trillion-level market scale. Make full use of the existing aviation industry foundation, accelerate the co-construction and sharing of test and verification resources, encourage and promote the establishment of general aviation airworthiness technical services and compliance verification, third-party testing and testing capabilities of drones, and support the construction of bases such as flight tests and application tests. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | According to local conditions, actively promote the construction of airport collection and distribution freight channels, and encourage the establishment of air-rail intermodal transport areas. Accelerate the improvement of the aviation service network, improve the accessibility of the aviation network in remote areas, promote the effective connection of trunk and branch lines, and improve aviation service capabilities. Establish a logistics information platform for mutual communication and sharing among airlines, freight forwarders, cargo terminals, etc., and improve the level of digitalization and informatization of air cargo. Improve air cargo service capabilities. Support aviation logistics companies to become bigger and stronger, encourage traditional air cargo companies to cooperate strategically with leading logistics companies and reorganize assets, expand the scale of air cargo fleets, and develop all-cargo aircraft transportation in a scientific and orderly manner. Optimize the use of passenger aircraft bellyhold capacity to enhance the efficiency of existing air routes and transport resources. | x | x | |||
| 14th Five Year Plan for Aviation Logistics | 2022 | By 2025, a safe, smart, efficient and green air logistics system will be initially established, the air logistics guarantee capability will be significantly enhanced, the cost reduction and efficiency improvement will be significant, the system's independent and controllable capabilities will be greatly improved, and the air logistics service capabilities for industries such as high-end manufacturing, postal express, and cross-border e-commerce will continue to improve. The global air cargo network continues to expand, effectively supporting the construction of the "Global 123 Express Logistics Circle". The operation system is high-quality and efficient. The international competitiveness of airlines and hub airports continues to increase, the customs clearance guarantee capabilities of hub airports have been greatly improved, and the value of air cargo has steadily increased as a proportion of my country's total imports and exports. Improve the coordination capability in peacetime and emergency. Enhance the coordination between aviation logistics network and industrial network, promote the docking of international development strategies between aviation logistics enterprises and manufacturing enterprises, actively expand the international route network around the key areas of international production capacity and equipment cooperation, accelerate the construction of air corridors covering countries and regions along the “Belt and Road”, North America, Europe, Northeast Asia, Oceania, and Africa, and ensure the international business expansion of advanced manufacturing suppliers and cross-border e-commerce. Promote the facilitation of low-altitude airspace support, comply with the reform of low-altitude airspace management | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Timely launch the expansion and reconstruction projects of hub airports with limited capacity, and strengthen the comprehensive support capabilities of hub airports. Reasonably increase the density of airport layout, steadily build feeder airports and professional cargo hub airports, and improve the cargo capacity and utilization rate of comprehensive airports. Orderly promote the planning and construction of general airports, and build a regional short-distance transportation network. Explore the integrated development of general aviation with low-altitude tourism, emergency rescue, medical rescue, police aviation, etc. Optimize the route network, strengthen the construction of military and civil aviation control infrastructure, and promote the application of new air traffic control technologies. Promote the interconnection of infrastructure in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, optimize the allocation of shipping and aviation resources, strengthen the transportation links between Hong Kong, Macao and the mainland, and support Hong Kong in enhancing its status as an international shipping and aviation hub. Steadily promote the construction of airports in border areas, build a multi-level aviation network, and expand the coverage of air transport services. Promote the effective connection of the trunk and branch of the aviation service network, optimize the allocation of flight time resources, continuously improve the flight regularity rate, and increase the categories of air transport services. Improve the transit efficiency of air freight hubs. Optimize and integrate the civil aviation data information platform. Strengthen the construction of airworthiness certification capabilities, promote the demonstration operation of the C919 passenger aircraft and the serial development of the ARJ21 regional aircraft, and promote the application of the Xian MA700 regional aircraft, AG600 amphibious aircraft, heavy helicopters, plateau-type large-load UAVs, etc. | x | ||||
| Outline of the Medium- and Long-Term Development Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation (2021-2035) | 2022 | Accelerate the development of large civil aircraft, heavy helicopters, intelligent general aviation aircraft, etc., and promote the improvement of the spectrum of civil aircraft products. Deploy the research and development of ultra-high-speed commercial aircraft, and break through the design technologies such as wide-range aerodynamic layout shape, flight and launch integration, and integrated life support system. Deploy the development of flying cars, break through the integration of aircraft and cars, and the free switching between flight and ground driving. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year" Civil Aviation Development Plan | 2021 | Improve the national "regional-terminal (approach)-tower" overall layout and optimize the structure of high, medium, and low-altitude airspace. Following the overall approach of deepening integration, aligning operations, focusing on the overall situation, and taking emergency response into consideration, promote adaptive adjustments to civil aviation control areas, reduce the number of medium and low-altitude control areas, coordinate the development of regional control centers, and establish secondary regional control centers in areas with saturated flight volume, complex airspace structures, and prominent operational conflicts. Build an air traffic control emergency backup system with mutual backup between adjacent regional control centers, vertical backup between regional and terminal control centers, and intra-city backup between high-level operational regional control centers. Accelerate research on the unit layout of terminal (approach) control centers. Increase the supply of airspace resources. Implement the national air traffic control system reform and actively participate in national airspace planning and classification. In line with the needs of airport construction and route network development, continuously optimize the national route network. Continue to promote the development of parallel routes and multi-combination one-way routes for major air corridors. Implement the construction of trunk routes such as the Beijing-Guangzhou, Shanghai-Guangzhou, Shanghai-Kunming, and Shanghai-Chengdu routes, and optimize major corridors such as the Shanghai-Lanzhou and Beijing-Kunming routes. Optimize cross-border airway network connectivity, continuously increase entry and exit points, and enhance flexibility. Enhance the global route network radiation capacity of world-class airport clusters, achieve coordinated development within the airport clusters, comprehensively enhance international competitiveness, and strengthen the hub function of the international aviation hub route network. Enhance the support function of regional aviation hub route networks, strengthen connectivity with surrounding non-hubs, and enhance passenger flow to international aviation hubs. Expand the scope of domestic through-flight services, improve the service level of the domestic basic network, and promote international through-flight pilot programs to shorten minimum transfer connection times and improve joint inspection efficiency. Accelerate the development of an "aviation + high-speed rail" rapid transportation service network, extending the aviation network and expanding the scope of services. Guide the construction of simple airfields (such as those on grassland, water, and earth) based on local conditions. Support and guide the construction of unmanned aerial vehicle test bases (test areas) to meet the needs of multi-scenario, multi-subject, and multi-level development. Support the construction of high-altitude emergency rescue aviation bases. Implement broader air rights liberalization. Actively promote air transport liberalization and facilitation with neighboring countries and regions such as Southeast Asia and Northeast Asia, enhance connectivity with countries in South Asia and Central Asia, and advance the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership. Increase reserves of air rights resources in the European and American markets. Promote the gradual implementation of more open cargo air rights arrangements with major trading partners and relevant countries. Coordinate air rights arrangements, capacity, and fare management measures to provide support for airlines to expand their market. Promote deeper opening of civil aviation in key regions. Further improve hub-oriented air rights policies to enhance the competitiveness of international aviation hubs. Develop an aviation industry ecosystem. Leveraging the scale advantages of the civil aviation transport market and leveraging the development of airport economic zones, support and guide the industrial upgrading of aviation R&D and manufacturing, aviation maintenance, aviation logistics, aviation finance, and business services. This will extend the civil aviation industry chain and drive the development of related domestic industries. Actively pursue the integration of policies such as bonded warehouses, port openings, and pilot free trade zones to build a comprehensive and well-supported aviation industry ecosystem. Improve comprehensive airport noise management capabilities. Conduct in-depth aircraft noise impact assessments around airports, and research the establishment of an airport noise management system focused on noise source management and land use compatibility management. Encourage airports to strengthen coordination with air traffic control and airlines, adjust management rules with the goal of reducing aircraft noise, optimize approach and departure procedures, and promote innovation and upgrading of flight landing technologies. Research and conduct aircraft noise management pilot projects at airports in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and other cities. Actively promote the efficient application of intelligent, connected, and new energy equipment on-site. Further advance aircraft APU replacement and the use of pure electric vehicles at airports. Improve supporting infrastructure, strengthen safe operations, and enhance emergency response management. Continuously optimize airport energy structures and increase the proportion of clean energy. | x | x | |||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Modern Transport Hub System | 2021 | Aviation-dominated comprehensive freight hubs should focus on the layout of facilities such as cargo aircraft aprons, freight warehouses, air express processing centers, and postal express processing centers, optimize operation flow lines, expand the depth of the freight area, and reserve space for expansion. Improve the international transit and distribution capabilities of international hub airports, actively expand international routes, and improve the level of service to the hinterland, so as to provide support for building an international aviation service network that is accessible and efficient around the world. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Steadily build feeder airports, general airports and cargo airports, and actively develop general aviation. Accelerate the construction of world-class port clusters and airport clusters. Comprehensive transportation and logistics hub. Promote the integrated intelligent upgrading and transformation of existing passenger transport hubs and the integration of stations and cities, and implement the introduction of rail transit projects into hub airports. Develop high-speed rail express and other express railway freight products, strengthen international air freight capacity, and enhance international shipping competitiveness. Basically build Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei on the track, and improve the coordination level of airport clusters and port clusters. | x | x | |||
| 14th Five-Year Plan on Modern Energy System Planning | 2021 | Implement port shore power and airport land power transformation. | x | ||||
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | A national comprehensive airport system has been basically established with world-class airport clusters and international aviation (cargo) hubs as the core, regional hubs as the backbone, and non-hub airports and general airports as important supplements. According to the requirements of highlighting hubs, radiating regions, layered connection, three-dimensional layout, advanced navigation technology as the main and traditional navigation technology as the auxiliary, the construction of terminal control areas in busy areas will be accelerated, and the construction of a clear-structured and smoothly connected international air route network will be accelerated; a high-altitude air route network based on advanced operating modes such as large-capacity channels, parallel routes, and one-way loops will be constructed; a medium- and low-altitude air route network that meets the needs of various aviation users will be constructed based on performance navigation as the main and traditional navigation as the auxiliary. Relying on international aviation hubs, we will build an air passenger and cargo transportation network that extends in all directions and covers the world. We will also build an international trunk postal network that covers five continents, connects the world, and is mutually beneficial, win-win, coordinated and efficient. Research and layout of comprehensive general airports, relieve general aviation activities at busy airports, develop urban helicopter transportation services, and build a rapid air traffic network within urban agglomerations. Develop general aviation and improve travel conditions for residents in remote areas. Promote the industrialization and commercial application of domestic aviation equipment | x | ||||
| Voluntary National Review 2021 - CHN | 2021 | China has signed bilateral governmental air transportation agreements with 100 countries, and signed regional air transportation agreements with ASEAN and the EU. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Plan for the Construction of Modern Logistics System | 2020 | Build a number of world-class national airport-type logistics hubs, and promote the rational layout and construction of aviation intermodal transport facilities and terminals. Strengthen the construction and functional improvement of general airports in remote counties, towns and major production areas of specialty agricultural products in the central, western and northeastern regions, especially in border areas. Actively promote the transformation and use of shore power for ships, ports, and airport bridges. | x | ||||
| Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Nation | 2019 | In areas with conditions, promote the construction of general airports with functions such as tourism, agricultural operations, and emergency rescue. Improve the product spectrum of civil aircraft and make significant progress in large civil aircraft, heavy helicopters, and general aviation aircraft. Improve the technical level of domestic aircraft and engines, and strengthen the research and development, manufacturing and airworthiness certification system of civil aircraft and engines. Improve the aviation service network, gradually increase the construction of airport network, vigorously develop feeder aviation, promote the effective connection between trunk and branch lines, and improve the aviation service capacity and quality. Build a high-capacity, high-efficiency inter-regional rapid passenger transport service with high-speed rail and aviation as the main modes, and improve the passenger transport capacity of major corridors. Improve the aviation logistics network and improve the efficiency of air freight. Reduce noise and vibration along the traffic route, and properly handle the noise impact of large airports. | x |
Aviation safety
| Implementation Plan for Innovative Application of General Aviation Equipment (2024-2030) | 2024 | By 2030, a new model of general aviation industry development characterized by high-end, intelligent and green development will be basically established, supporting and ensuring the safe and efficient operation of the "short-distance transportation + electric vertical take-off and landing" passenger network, the "trunk-branch-end" drone delivery network, and the low-altitude production operation network that meets the needs of industrial and agricultural operations. The general aviation regulations and standards system and safety inspection system will be basically established. Establish a safety verification system. Build a drone quality assurance and safety verification system, strengthen the safety and reliability assessment and verification of industrial-grade drones and eVTOLs, and promote the formation of a number of industrial standards to support airworthiness certification. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Plan for Aviation Logistics | 2022 | The safe operation of aviation logistics has maintained a good level, and the general incident rate of dangerous goods in freight has remained below 0.13 pieces/10,000 tons. | x |
Aviation traffic management
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Construction of International Aviation Hubs | 2024 | Continue to strengthen the top-level design in the fields of aviation hub infrastructure, airspace air traffic control, route network, integrated transportation, and airport economy. | x | ||||
| Implementation Plan for Innovative Application of General Aviation Equipment (2024-2030) | 2024 | Accelerate the demonstration and application of urban air traffic. Adapt to the needs of future urban air traffic, support application demonstrations based on key areas such as the Yangtze River Delta, Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao, and focus on eVTOL. Support a batch of SAM equipment to accelerate market application, encourage the exploration and development of a three-dimensional transportation low-altitude route network, and strive to cultivate new forms of manned air transportation such as business travel, air ferries, and private charter flights. | x | x | |||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Increase international air rights negotiations and support domestic airlines to expand international air cargo route networks from China to South Asia, Africa, Latin America and other regions. At airports with strong cargo supply capabilities, improve cargo flight schedule policies, further optimize flight schedule resource allocation, and support airlines to build cargo flight waves. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation | 2022 | Strengthen the research and development of intelligent flight control and autonomous aircraft airworthiness certification technologies, and promote the development of technologies such as ubiquitous air-ground interconnection, intelligent fusion applications, wide-area collaborative sharing, and safe and reliable services. Develop a new generation of air traffic control system, promote the intelligentization of air traffic operation services, flow management and airspace management, and break through technologies such as mixed operation of manned/unmanned aircraft and integrated air-ground network. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Plan for Aviation Logistics | 2022 | Optimize route and flight management. Continue to liberalize cargo route operation arrangements, simplify route operation and flight plan review procedures, and improve the level of information technology in route and flight supervision. Improve the air cargo charter management policy, implement negative list management, meet the demand for international cargo charter flights, and stabilize the order of the cargo market. Improve flight schedule configuration. Guide the regional administration to revise and improve the implementation rules for flight schedules of primary and secondary coordinated airports, establish cargo and mail flight schedule pools at hub airports with strong cargo functions, optimize the proportion of cargo and mail schedule pools as needed, increase the supply of cargo and mail flights during daytime peak hours, give full play to the role of market regulation, and further improve the efficiency and benefits of cargo and mail flight schedule resource utilization. | x | ||||
| Outline of the Medium- and Long-Term Development Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation (2021-2035) | 2022 | Break through technologies such as autonomous airworthiness certification of aircraft, wide-area collaborative sharing of air transportation and safe and reliable services, establish a smart civil aviation information service technology system, improve the localization capabilities of key technical equipment of civil aviation air system, and ensure the safe and efficient operation of civil aviation around the clock. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year" Civil Aviation Development Plan | 2021 | Improve airspace utilization efficiency. Establish an independent assessment system for airspace operational efficiency, strengthen research and application of airspace capacity forecasting results, and optimize airspace resource allocation. Improve mechanisms for flexible airspace use, promote the regular use of temporary routes and their conversion to fixed routes, and implement a notification system for restricted use of temporary routes. Promote the shift in civil aviation from "controlling total volume and adjusting structure" to "precise control and fine-tuning," and establish regulatory policies that align support capabilities with high-quality development. Improve technical methods for assessing airport (group) time slot capacity, refine flight schedule coordination parameters, and enhance the scientific and rational nature of coordinated airport capacity arrangements. Strengthen air traffic control facility construction. Focus on hub airport construction, and advance the construction of air traffic control support facilities in conjunction with control centers and route layouts. Improve traditional communication, navigation, surveillance, meteorological, and intelligence facilities, promote the application of new technologies as needed, and establish an integrated air-ground air traffic control support facility and equipment system. Promote the industrialization of domestic air traffic control technology and equipment, and advance independent control of air traffic control equipment technology. Optimize station layout and improve radio frequency utilization efficiency. Optimize and improve the functional layout of calibration bases, accelerate the application of flight big data and the Beidou system in calibration services, enhance the flight verification capabilities of new technologies, and comprehensively improve flight calibration efficiency and assurance levels. Strengthen the development of global aviation meteorological monitoring and forecasting and aviation intelligence data. Improve collaborative operations. Strengthen the coordination of flight plan management with flight operation forecasting and warning, situation monitoring, traffic management, analysis and assessment, and accelerate the integration of flight rights and slots, advance flight plan data, and integrated services. Build an air traffic control operation service management system centered on traffic management, fully leveraging the role of the Operations Management Center and the Meteorological Center's Intelligence Center. Focus on improving centralized decision-making and collaborative management capabilities in areas such as airspace optimization and utilization, capacity and flow balancing, airport operations information management, emergency response, and integrated operations. Improve policy flexibility. Build a policy system in terms of routes and flight schedules that matches the route network layout. Maintain the continuity, stability and sustainability of backbone network policies, and improve the innovation, flexibility and inclusiveness of basic network policies. Guided by improving the efficiency of airspace use, explore flexible routes and flight schedule utilization mechanisms. Improve route access and exit mechanisms, and improve the dynamic assessment mechanism for flight execution. Relax air rights approval management, and improve the exit mechanism for air rights resources. Enhance the matching degree between flights and schedules during seasonal changes, improve the flexibility of mid-season flight management, and better meet market demand. Explore a market-based allocation system for aviation schedules to promote the efficient flow of stock schedule resources. Optimize air routes and route structures with energy conservation as the primary focus, continuously increase temporary routes, reduce non-linearity coefficients, and shorten flight times. Strengthen operational coordination, enhance aviation meteorological and intelligence service capabilities, reduce flight delays and diversions, and provide technical support for fuel conservation. Accelerate energy-saving upgrades to air traffic control facilities and equipment. Guide airlines to continuously optimize route network layout and fleet structure to improve capacity matching. Enhance airlines' transport organization capabilities, increase passenger load factors and occupancy rates, and effectively improve aircraft energy efficiency. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030 ('1+N') | 2021 | We will boost application of advanced and applicable technologies so as to make operation and management of civil aviation more efficient We will boost application of advanced and applicable technologies so as to make operation and management of civil aviation more efficient. We will guide businesses in the aviation sector in making their operations smarter and saving energy and reducing carbon emissions in a systematic manner. | x | ||||
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | Develop a new generation of air traffic control systems, promote the intelligentization of air traffic services, flow management and airspace management, and promote information sharing among all parties. | x |
Battery life cycle management
| Implementation Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Charging Infrastructure to Better Support the Deployment of New Energy Vehicles to Rural Areas and Rural Revitalization | 2023 | encourage new energy vehicle companies to work with upstream battery companies in the industry chain to carry out free "battery checkups" within three years of car purchases in rural areas, and enhance consumer acceptance of new energy vehicles. | x | ||||
| Implementation Opinions on Strengthening the Integration and Interaction of New Energy Vehicles and Power Grids | 2023 | Intensify research on key power battery technologies, extending the cycle life of power batteries to 3,000 cycles or more without significantly increasing costs, and master battery safety control technologies for high-frequency bidirectional charging and discharging conditions. | x | ||||
| New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035) | 2021 | Improve the recycling system for power batteries, including cascade utilization and resource regeneration, and encourage the joint construction and sharing of recycling channels. Establish and improve management systems for the transportation, storage, maintenance, safety inspection, decommissioning, and recycling of power batteries, and strengthen full life-cycle supervision. |
Bike sharing
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Promote the healthy and regulated development of small and micro passenger vehicle rental services and internet-based bike-sharing services. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Standardize the development of Internet rental bicycles, improve the Internet rental bicycle capacity investment mechanism, strengthen the assessment of operational service quality, optimize the planning and setting of bicycle parking spots, and standardize bike parking order and user fund management. | x | ||||
| China First NDC (Updated submission) | 2021 | Online bicycle rental services have been available in more than 360 cities, with more than 300 million registered users. | x | x |
Biofuels
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Integrated Development of Transportation and Energy | 2025 | Actively promote the application of clean energy such as electricity, liquefied natural gas (LNG), biodiesel, green alcohol, green ammonia, and green hydrogen on ships. Continue to improve the green fuel supply capacity for transportation. Accelerate the breakthrough of green fuel production technology bottlenecks and gradually improve the efficiency of green fuel preparation. Promote the construction of a number of green fuel production bases and accelerate the improvement of liquefied natural gas (LNG), biodiesel, green alcohol, green ammonia, hydrogen energy, bio-jet fuel and other supply capabilities. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Energy Conservation and Carbon Reduction 2024-2025 | 2024 | Rationally regulate oil consumption and promote advanced bio-liquid fuels and sustainable aviation fuels. | |||||
| Action plan to promote large-scale equipment renewals and consumer product trade-ins | 2024 | gradually expand the application scope of new energy ships such as electric, liquefied natural gas powered, biodiesel powered, and green methanol powered. | x | ||||
| Guidance on implementing vigorous renewable energy substitution actions | 2024 | Develop green fuels such as biogas, biodiesel, and bio-jet fuel according to local conditions. Encourage biomass power generation projects to provide auxiliary services such as peak regulation. Orderly promote the pilot application of green and clean liquid fuel for vehicles. Support qualified regions to carry out pilot operations of biodiesel, biojet fuel, biogas, green hydrogen ammonia alcohol, etc. in the fields of ships and aviation. Establish and improve the market mechanism for renewable energy heating, biogas, and clean low-carbon hydrogen. | x | x | |||
| Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030 ('1+N') | 2021 | We will keep oil consumption within a reasonable range, gradually adjust the scale of gasoline consumption, vigorously promote alternatives like advanced liquid biofuels and sustainable aviation fuel in substitution for traditional fuel oils, and make end-user fueled by oil more efficient. | x | x | |||
| China's Mid-Century Long-Term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development Strategy | 2021 | Promote the application of low-carbon energy ships and explore the application of biomass fuels and other synthetic fuels in civil aviation. | x |
Building code requirements for EV readiness
| Guiding Opinions on Further Building a High-Quality Charging Infrastructure System | 2023 | New highway service areas should simultaneously build charging infrastructure, accelerate the transformation of existing highway service areas, and in principle, new facilities should adopt high-power charging technology, and improve the relevant design standards and construction management specifications of highway service areas. Combined with the construction of rural charging networks and the development of transmission and distribution networks, accelerate the planning and layout of charging networks in large villages and towns, resettlement areas for relocation, and key villages and towns for rural tourism, and vigorously promote the layout and construction of public charging infrastructure in township offices, enterprises and institutions, commercial buildings, transportation hubs, public parking lots, logistics bases and other areas. Actively promote the construction of charging infrastructure in residential areas. Accelerate the installation of charging infrastructure in fixed parking spaces in existing residential areas and optimize the layout of public charging infrastructure. Strengthen the main responsibility of the construction companies of new residential areas, strictly implement the requirements for the construction of charging infrastructure, ensure that 100% of the fixed parking spaces are equipped with charging infrastructure or reserved for installation according to regulations, and meet the requirements for direct meter installation and power connection. Encourage the introduction of charging infrastructure construction in the scope of basic facilities renovation in old communities, and simultaneously carry out the construction of supporting power supply and distribution facilities. | x | ||||
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Development of Urban Integrated Transportation Systems | 2023 | In conjunction with the renovation of older urban residential areas and the development of complete communities, promote the joint development and sharing of charging infrastructure in urban residential areas, and rationally utilize surrounding roads to build roadside charging infrastructure. | x | x | |||
| Implementation Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Charging Infrastructure to Better Support the Deployment of New Energy Vehicles to Rural Areas and Rural Revitalization | 2023 | Accelerate the construction of charging facilities in existing residential communities in rural areas, carry out renovations based on local conditions, and build a certain proportion of public charging parking spaces in communities with installation conditions. Implement the requirements for the construction of charging infrastructure in newly built residential communities, promote the construction of charging facilities in fixed parking spaces, or reserve installation conditions to meet the needs of direct meter installation and power connection. | x | ||||
| Implementation Opinions on Further Improving the Service Capabilities of Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure | 2022 | Promote the construction of charging facilities in existing residential communities. Local development and reform, energy, housing and urban and rural construction departments should formulate action plans for the construction and renovation of charging facilities in existing residential communities, clarify action goals, key tasks and promotion timelines, and promote them according to local conditions in combination with the renovation of old urban communities and the action to make up for shortcomings in the construction of urban residential communities. If the conditions for installation are met, residential communities should build a certain proportion of public charging parking spaces, establish a time-sharing sharing mechanism for charging parking spaces, and create conditions for users to charge. Strictly implement the requirements for the construction of new residential communities. New residential communities should ensure that 100% of fixed parking spaces are equipped with charging facilities or reserve installation conditions. When reserving installation conditions, power supply facilities such as pipelines and bridges need to be built in the parking spaces to meet the needs of direct meter installation and power connection. Relevant departments in various places should supervise according to law during the planning approval and completion acceptance of new residential projects. | x | x | |||
| Implementation Plan for New Urbanization in the 14th Five-Year Plan | 2022 | Optimize the construction layout of public charging and swapping facilities, improve charging facilities in residential communities and public parking lots, and build charging facilities or reserve installation conditions for all fixed parking spaces in new residential communities. | x | x | |||
| Comprehensive work plan for energy conservation and emission reduction in the 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | New and existing parking lots must be equipped with electric vehicle charging facilities or reserve conditions for the installation of charging facilities. | x | ||||
| About accelerating the transformation and upgrading of the road freight industry | 2019 | Accelerate the use of new energy or clean energy vehicles for light logistics and distribution vehicles in urban built-up areas, and encourage logistics parks, industrial parks, distribution centers and other places to centrally plan and build dedicated charging facilities. | x |
Bunkering infrastructure for alternative fuels
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Integrated Development of Transportation and Energy | 2025 | Improve the planning of the green fuel filling system for vehicles and ships, and systematically promote the development of green fuel filling facilities and equipment for vehicles and ships. Rely on the layout of port facilities to build ship charging (replacement) stations and refueling stations. Gradually improve the green fuel storage, transportation and refueling network for transportation. Coordinate the green fuel demand for transportation equipment and actively promote the construction of green fuel storage, transportation and refueling facilities in key areas. On the premise of ensuring safety, build comprehensive energy supply stations in qualified service areas, freight stations, ports, airports, hubs, etc. | x | x | x | x | |
| Opinions on promoting high-quality development of inland waterway transportation | 2025 | Promote the construction of new energy and clean energy refueling and charging and replacement facilities, improve the ship fuel refueling operation and safety supervision system, and accelerate the formulation of standards such as charging facility construction. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Improving Transportation Standards (2024-2027) | 2024 | Accelerate the standards upgrading of methanol fuel refueling on water. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Large-Scale Equipment Renewal in Transportation | 2024 | Improve the supporting infrastructure for new energy and clean energy powered transport ships. Strengthen the intensive and efficient use of shoreline resources, support the construction of LNG, biodiesel, green alcohol and other bunkering and charging (sawpping) supply service guarantee capabilities, support the renewal of refueling (gas) outlets and water service areas with conditions to improve the comprehensive service level of supporting facilities, explore the construction of green shipping comprehensive service areas, and accelerate the construction of a convenient and complete supporting infrastructure network. Strengthen the risk assessment of new energy bunkering operations and key ship supporting system equipment such as power systems, storage and transportation and bunkering systems. Accelerate the research on charging and battery swapping facilities for operating ships and the standards for the filling of biodiesel and methanol fuels. | x | ||||
| The People's Republicof ChinaThird Biennial Update Reporton Climate Change | 2023 | It is actively improving its public transportation system with various facilitationmeasures for the development of multi-modal transport, railway electrification, liquidnatural gas (LNG)-fueled vehicles and ships, energy-efficient and new-energyvehicles, electric vehicle charging and hydrogen refueling infrastructure, shore power supply for ships and aircrafts, as well as compelled natural gas (CNG) and LNG dispensers. | x | x | |||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Construction of liquefied natural gas filling stations will be carried out on the Yangtze River main channel, Beijing-Hangzhou Canal and Xijiang shipping trunk line. | x | ||||
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | Explore the construction of an inland waterway green shipping integrated service area that integrates shore power, ship charging, pollutant reception, LNG bunkering and other services. Deepen the promotion and application of inland LNG-powered ships, support the development of coastal and ocean-going LNG-powered ships, guide the implementation of the layout plan of the Yangtze River trunk line, Xijiang shipping trunk line, and Beijing-Hangzhou Canal LNG refueling terminals, promote the acceleration of the construction of inland ship LNG refueling stations, and promote the construction of coastal ship LNG refueling facilities. | x | ||||
| China's Mid-Century Long-Term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development Strategy | 2021 | Increase the application of renewable energy such as solar energy, wind energy and geothermal energy in transportation infrastructure, accelerate the improvement of the LNG and hydrogen energy supply (filling) system, and focus on solving the problems of difficult approval, construction, and operation of marine LNG refueling stations. | x | ||||
| Comprehensive work plan for energy conservation and emission reduction in the 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Energy conservation and emission reduction projects in transportation and logistics. Promote the construction of green railways, green highways, green ports, green waterways, and green airports, and orderly advance the construction of infrastructure such as charging and swapping, refueling (gas), hydrogen refueling, and shore power for ports and airports. | |||||
| Medium- and long-term plan for the development of the hydrogen energy industry (2021-2035) | 2021 | Adhere to demand orientation, coordinate the layout and construction of hydrogen refueling stations, and promote the construction of hydrogen refueling network system in an orderly manner. Adhere to safety first, save and intensively use land resources, and support the use of existing gas station facilities to renovate and expand hydrogen refueling stations in accordance with laws and regulations. Explore new models such as hydrogen refueling stations that integrate hydrogen production, storage and hydrogenation. It is encouraged to deploy integrated energy storage/hydrogen refueling stations based on distributed renewable energy or grid off-peak load in areas with concentrated hydrogen demand, such as fuel cell vehicle demonstration lines, to fully utilize the advantage of low hydrogen production and transportation costs within the station, and promote distributed production and local utilization of hydrogen energy. | |||||
| Outline for the Development of Inland Waterway Transport | 2020 | Improve the construction of green service systems such as water green comprehensive service areas and liquefied natural gas refueling terminals. | x | ||||
| Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Nation | 2019 | Scientifically plan and construct urban parking facilities, and strengthen the construction of facilities such as charging, hydrogen refueling, gas refueling and bus stops. | x |
Bus fleet renewal
| Implementation details of subsidies for new energy city buses and power battery renewal in 2025 | 2025 | By using the funds from ultra-long-term special government bonds, urban bus companies will be given a fixed subsidy for updating new energy city buses and replacing power batteries. The average subsidy for each vehicle is 80,000 yuan, of which the average subsidy for replacing power batteries is 42,000 yuan per vehicle. Local governments will independently determine the subsidy standard for updating new energy city buses based on the demand and quantity ratio for updating vehicles and replacing power batteries. | x | x | |||
| Action Plan for Large-Scale Equipment Renewal in Transportation | 2024 | Urban bus electrification replacement action: Encourage the renewal of old new energy buses and power batteries. Encourage places with conditions to formulate new energy bus and power battery renewal plans based on local conditions on the basis of ensuring the stable operation of urban buses, guide the owners of retired power batteries to sell retired power batteries to comprehensive utilization enterprises, and actively promote small-sized buses, low-floor and low-entry urban buses. Encourage all localities to promote the renewal of old urban buses of 10 years and above. Study and formulate relevant policies on the replacement of power batteries for new energy buses. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Reducing Costs, Improving Quality and Increasing Efficiency of Transportation and Logistics | 2024 | Accelerate the implementation of large-scale equipment renewal actions for transportation. | x | ||||
| Action plan to promote large-scale equipment renewals and consumer product trade-ins | 2024 | Continue to promote the electrification of urban buses and support the replacement of old new energy buses and power batteries. | x | ||||
| Implementation Rules for Subsidies for New Energy Urban Public Buses and Power Battery Renewal | 2024 | Replacing power batteries means replacing all power batteries of old new energy city buses. The replaced power batteries should be produced after January 1, 2024, with a warranty period of not less than 5 years, and meet the mandatory national standard requirements of GB38031-2020 "Safety Requirements for Power Batteries for Electric Vehicles", and comply with the announcement requirements of the industry management department on the replacement of power batteries for new energy city buses. Subsidy funds support the renewal of city buses with a vehicle age of 8 years or more, that is, registered before December 31, 2016 (including that day, the same below) and the replacement of power batteries for new energy city buses. | x | x | |||
| National Carbon Peak Pilot Construction Plan | 2023 | Promote the comprehensive electrification of vehicles in the public sector and eliminate old transportation vehicles. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030 ('1+N') | 2021 | promote the replacement of public service vehicles with electric vehicles and the use of heavy cargo trucks fueled by electricity, hydrogen fuel, and liquefied natural gas. | x | ||||
| Financial Subsidy Policy for the Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles (2021) | 2020 | To accelerate the transformation and upgrading of the public transportation industry, local governments can continue to provide purchase subsidies for new energy buses. | x |
Bus rapid transit (BRT) system expansion
| Action Plan for Energy Conservation and Carbon Reduction 2024-2025 | 2024 | Develop urban rail transit and rapid bus systems according to local conditions, and accelerate the continuous network of bus lanes. | x |
Bus route and service improvement
| 2024 Work Plan for Five People's Livelihood Matters, including Expansion, Improvement and Efficiency of Accessible Transportation Services for the Elderly | 2024 | Accelerate the promotion and application of low-floor and low-entry urban public buses and trams, and build 500 new urban public bus and tram lines that respect and love the elderly. Create 20 urban rail transit operation service brand lines, optimize the station and train environment, promote the optimization and transformation of entrances and exits and transfer facilities, and provide a safe, convenient and warm riding environment and services for various groups including the elderly. We will strengthen urban transportation services for primary and secondary school students, open 500 bus routes to school, and urge online ride-hailing platforms to give priority to ensuring the demand for rides with primary and secondary schools as the starting and ending points during peak hours. | x | x | x | ||
| Implementation Plan for New Urbanization in the 14th Five-Year Plan | 2022 | Optimize the layout of bus and subway station points and lines, and improve the “last mile” public transportation network. | x | x |
Capacity building - General
| Opinions on promoting high-quality development of inland waterway transportation | 2025 | Accelerate the development of shipping services. Actively develop traditional shipping services such as ship management, ship agency, freight agency, and ship brokerage, and promote large-scale, standardized, and digital development. Enhance the basic service capabilities of Chongqing Upper Yangtze River Shipping Center and Wuhan Middle Yangtze River Shipping Center in terms of ship trading, shipping information consultation, etc., and actively develop modern shipping services such as shipping finance and shipping insurance. Give full play to the river-sea transport service functions of Nanjing Regional Shipping Logistics Center, Wuhu Ma'anshan River-Sea Transport Hub, and Zhoushan River-Sea Transport Service Center, and create a regional shipping service cluster. Strengthen transportation safety management, strengthen the construction of safety production standardization, and implement hierarchical and classified management of key enterprises. Improve the level of emergency rescue, strengthen the construction and layout of emergency rescue bases in key waters such as reservoirs and lakes, strengthen the construction of inland deep-water emergency rescue capabilities, and establish an emergency rescue cooperation mechanism with trunk and branch linkage and inter-provincial coordination. Strengthen talent and cultural construction. Strengthen the training of scientific and technological leaders and build a large army of high-quality workers. Strengthen vocational education and conscientiously organize and implement the water transport professional qualification system. Encourage shipping companies to increase investment in crew training, improve the quality and professional level of inland waterway crews, promote inland waterway shipping companies to establish a stable crew team, and increase the proportion of self-owned crews. Strengthen the construction of transportation administration and waterway traffic law enforcement teams. Build a high-end shipping think tank and actively cultivate strategic talents for industry development. | x | ||||
| 2024 Work Plan for Five People's Livelihood Matters, including Expansion, Improvement and Efficiency of Accessible Transportation Services for the Elderly | 2024 | Guide bus stations to improve ticket sales and inspection facilities and equipment, expand ticket purchase channels such as mobile clients and applet, strengthen publicity and guidance, and enhance the public's paperless travel experience. The Ministry of Transport will supervise and assist provinces with slow progress through dispatch and notification. The Ministry of Transport's Communications and Information Center should provide technical support to ensure the smooth operation of the electronic ticketing system. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Improving Transportation Standards (2024-2027) | 2024 | We will intensify efforts to promote the construction of national technical standards innovation bases, national metrology talent training bases, and standard verification points in the transportation field, and promote the formation of a scientific, authoritative, and mutually supportive standardization innovation platform. Strengthen the construction of statistical analysis points for the implementation of national mandatory standards such as road transport safety and ship transport safety, improve the monitoring and statistical evaluation mechanism for the implementation effect of standards, promptly discover and solve problems such as lagging and aging standards, repeated intersections, and uncoordinated matching, and realize closed-loop collaborative and efficient management of standards. | |||||
| Action Plan for Innovation in Transportation Standards Management | 2024 | Strengthen the internal capacity building of the Standardization Committee. Strengthen the basic knowledge and management ability training of the staff of the Secretariat of the Standardization Committee to improve the efficiency of standardization management. Regularly carry out standardization policy and system and professional knowledge and skills training for the members of the Standardization Committee to improve their ability to perform their duties. Timely publicize and implement the procedures for standard formulation and revision and the requirements for standard writing to the standard drafting units to promote the improvement of the quality of standard formulation and revision. Strengthen the training of standardization talents and the popularization of standards. Create a team of standardization talents who are proficient in international rules and professional techniques. Through multi-channel and multi-form standard interpretation and standard promotion and training, popularize standardization knowledge, enhance the industry's awareness and understanding of standardization work, strengthen exchanges between provincial transportation authorities, standardization committees, scientific research institutions, social groups, and enterprises, and improve the professional level of the transportation industry. Strengthen the incentive mechanism for standardization work. In the selection of transportation science and technology talents and social group science and technology awards, set up a special standard category to encourage all units to commend and reward departments and individuals who have made outstanding contributions in standardization work. Promote the use of standardization work results as one of the important indicators for evaluating the work performance of units and individuals, and continuously improve the importance of standardization work in all units. | |||||
| Action Plan for Large-Scale Equipment Renewal in Transportation | 2024 | Encourage all kinds of green transportation innovation entities in the industry to establish innovation alliances and establish a mechanism for tackling key core technologies in green transportation. Continue to formulate and publish a catalog of key energy-saving and low-carbon technologies in the transportation industry, and accelerate the promotion and application of key energy-saving and environmental protection technologies. Strengthen supervision and assessment, and incorporate the replacement of transportation equipment into the carbon emission evaluation system of the transportation industry and the green and low-carbon development evaluation system of the railway, highway, and waterway industries. | x | x | |||
| Action Plan for Reducing Costs, Improving Quality and Increasing Efficiency of Transportation and Logistics | 2024 | Improve the level of market rule of law and standardization. Establish and improve a hierarchical and classified differentiated supervision model based on credit evaluation. Improve the joint law enforcement, information sharing and joint punishment mechanism for truck production and modification, increase the supervision and inspection of truck consistency, consolidate the responsibilities of vehicle inspection and inspection, and severely crack down on fake license plate trailers. Steadily carry out the governance of extra-long flatbed semi-trailers and extra-long container semi-trailers. Study and formulate a network freight operation and management system to strengthen joint supervision. | x | ||||
| Action Plan to Effectively Reduce Logistics Costs in the Whole Society | 2024 | Develop leading modern logistics enterprises and specialized, sophisticated and innovative enterprises. Implement the cultivation action of leading modern logistics enterprises. Support aviation logistics enterprises to expand the scale of all-cargo aircraft. Give full play to the role of private logistics enterprises in the integration and innovation of the supply chain industry chain. Promote the development of logistics enterprises in the direction of specialization, specialization and innovation, and encourage small and medium-sized logistics enterprises to focus on cultivating distinctive competitive advantages in the fields of multimodal transport, smart logistics, cold chain logistics, and commercial vehicle logistics. Support and guide logistics enterprises to improve service quality, timeliness and convenience. Strengthen professional talent training. Promote colleges and vocational schools to strengthen the construction of related disciplines such as logistics, procurement, and supply chain. Support colleges and universities with conditions to deepen cooperation with domestic and foreign logistics companies to create a professional talent training model that integrates talent training, research and innovation, and service enterprises. Encourage logistics companies, industry associations, colleges and universities, vocational schools, and scientific research institutions to jointly build a city-level industry-education alliance, jointly build industrial colleges and training bases, etc., offer training courses for logistics practice, and improve a diversified, multi-level, and comprehensive modern logistics and supply chain professional talent training system. | |||||
| China's Policies and Actions Addressing Climate Change 2024 Annual Report | 2024 | In 2023, a total of 134 carbon market training courses were organized, training 11,600 participants and achieving full coverage of key emission organizations. More than 80% of these organizations hired dedicated staff responsible for carbon asset management. | |||||
| China's Rural Roads in the New Era | 2024 | China has built up rural road emergency rescue forces composed of both professionals and the general public, and boosted their emergency response capabilities by intensifying drills for contingency plans, improving personnel training, and increasing transport capacity. China has carried out systematic expansion and renovation of rural road management stations and maintenance squads, improving their reserve functions for emergency response equipment, supplies and devices. Regular maintenance combines general and professional maintenance. Residents along the routes are actively involved through technical training to build stable teams for general maintenance. | x | ||||
| Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Integration of Passenger, Freight and Postal Services in Rural Areas | 2024 | Strengthen market supervision, and relevant charging items should be clearly marked and posted on the wall according to regulations. Strengthen industry management and law enforcement supervision, and resolutely investigate and deal with problems such as illegal "secondary charges" at the end of express delivery. | x | ||||
| Implementation Plan for Innovative Application of General Aviation Equipment (2024-2030) | 2024 | Innovation capabilities will be significantly improved. The development and innovation of green, intelligent, and new-configuration general aviation aircraft will be at the world's advanced level, and a number of joint laboratories, scientific and technological innovation centers, and scientific and technological innovation service platforms in the general aviation field will be formed. Strengthen the foundation of the talent team. Support colleges and universities to strengthen the construction of general aviation-related disciplines and majors, and build a number of characteristic colleges. Focusing on the frontier and emerging cross-cutting fields of general aviation, deepen the integration of industry and education, and promote the joint and precise training of talents by colleges and universities, scientific research institutions and enterprises. Carry out professional talent training such as eVTOL pilots and operators, and promote the formation of norms in the fields of consistent driving and control of emerging aviation equipment and technical training of pilots. Encourage local governments to introduce policies to support talents in the general aviation industry. | x | ||||
| Implementation Plan for Promoting Low-Carbon Development in the Railway Industry | 2024 | Actively participate in the construction of the carbon market. Organize the compilation of carbon emission accounting methods in the railway sector, carry out the compilation of industry carbon emission inventories, and tap the carbon emission reduction potential in all links of the industry. | |||||
| Action Plan on Demonstrating and Promoting the Use of Shore Power by Container Ships and Cruise Ships on International Routes at Ports (2023-2025) | 2023 | Port enterprises and other shore power supply companies and shipping companies should strengthen the construction and training of relevant personnel teams, establish and improve shore power management, use, maintenance and maintenance systems and operating procedures, and improve the professional and technical support capabilities of shore power. | x | ||||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Implement the standardization foundation-strengthening project, complete the upgrade of the service functions of the transportation standards information system, build a digital transportation standards library and mandatory national standards statistical analysis points, and improve the evaluation and statistical analysis capabilities of standard implementation effects. Promote the optimization of the international road transport business environment and deepen the international road transport supervision and service improvement project. Build a large-scale, well-structured, and high-quality transportation talent team, strive to cultivate first-class scientific and technological leaders and innovation teams, young scientific and technological talents, and high-skilled talents, build a new think tank system, select high-quality and professional cadres who are loyal, clean, and responsible, cultivate and select outstanding young cadres, and strengthen and improve civil servant management. Strengthen the construction of scientific and technological and think tank talent teams. Focus on cultivating leading scientific and technological talents and innovation teams in the fields of national strategic and forward-looking research and key core technology research and development in the industry. Optimize the training environment and mechanism for young scientific and technological talents, and increase the proportion of young talents serving as leaders and backbones of major transportation tasks, major platform bases, and key research projects. Revise the "Management Measures for the Promotion Plan of Science and Technology Innovation Talents in the Transportation Industry". Promote the construction of national high-end think tanks, strengthen the construction of new think tank alliances in transportation, guide industry scientific research units, colleges and universities, party schools, large enterprise research teams, etc. to accelerate the transformation to new think tanks, support and guide local transportation departments to carry out the construction of new think tanks, give full play to the role of "old transportation" think tanks, and build a high-level, multi-level, and distinctive new think tank system for transportation. Build a high-skilled talent training system with vocational colleges as the main body, government promotion and social support, and encourage talent training forms such as famous teachers taking apprentices, skill training, job training, and skill competitions. Relying on international and national vocational skills competitions, we will select a group of high-skilled talents with innovative spirits. We will support enterprises in setting up high-skilled talent studios such as skill masters, model workers, craftsmen, and national technical experts. We will improve the evaluation and incentive system for skilled talents, vigorously promote the spirit of model workers and craftsmen, and cultivate a large army of knowledge-based, skilled, and innovative workers with excellent quality. Strengthen the overall planning of cadre team building and hold a systematic organization and personnel work meeting. Do a good job in the source training, follow-up training, and full-process training of the cadre team, and enhance the systematic, continuous, and targeted training. Improve the political ability of leading cadres and issue the "Measures for the Assessment of the Political Quality of Leading Cadres of the Ministry of Transport (Trial)". Accelerate the replenishment and adjustment of the leadership team and leadership positions under the Ministry, vigorously select and use outstanding cadres in their prime, and dynamically adjust the pool of outstanding young cadres. Coordinate the professional training and job training of the cadre team, increase the intensity of cadre rotation and exchange, and cultivate cadres with both professional skills and leadership talents. Strengthen the training of international talents in the transportation field. Strengthen the construction of the civil service team. Fully implement the Civil Service Law, implement the parallel system of civil service positions and ranks, and further deepen the classification reform of civil servants. Broaden the channels for excellent talents to enter the system, and continuously optimize the structure of the system's civil service team. Strengthen education and training and practical training, continuously improve the quality and ability of the system's civil service team, and increase the proportion of young talents participating in training. Adhere to the combination of strict management and kindness, and encourage civil servants to dare to take responsibility and work hard. | |||||
| Guidelines for Autonomous Vehicle Transportation Safety Services (Trial) | 2023 | Safety officers should receive training on autonomous vehicle technology and related transportation business, be proficient in the provisions of road traffic safety laws and regulations, and the operating skills of autonomous driving systems at different levels, be familiar with the operating routes of autonomous vehicles, and have the ability to take over vehicles in emergency situations. After the autonomous driving function of an autonomous vehicle is changed or updated, autonomous transportation operators should promptly strengthen on-the-job training for safety officers to ensure that they master new functions, new technologies, and new requirements in a timely manner. Safety officers should comply with relevant regulations and requirements for the management of practitioners in the transportation field and obtain the qualifications for the corresponding business categories. Autonomous vehicle transport operators shall formulate emergency response plans for emergencies in autonomous vehicle operations, clarify the types and levels of emergencies, handling methods, emergency response procedures, division of responsibilities and safeguard measures, and organize emergency drills regularly. | x | ||||
| Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the High-Quality Development of Modern Shipping Services | 2023 | Improve shipping transaction and information service capabilities. Encourage enterprises, universities, research institutions, etc. to carry out research on major areas such as shipping service industry development strategy, international rules and systems, vigorously develop shipping information services, improve the level of shipping information services, and form a group of shipping think tanks and consulting service agencies with international influence. Support qualified shipping transaction institutions to compile different types of shipping indexes, build Hainan International Shipping Transaction Center with high standards, create shipping index suppliers with international influence, form a complete system, a full range of types, and a wide range of shipping index series to guide the orderly development of the shipping market. Improve the maritime legal service capabilities. Establish and improve the maritime legal system with Chinese characteristics. Rely on Dalian Maritime University, Shanghai Maritime University and other institutions to build international maritime law education centers. Support foreign arbitration institutions to set up business institutions in China to carry out foreign-related maritime arbitration business, explore and carry out temporary arbitration in the foreign-related fields of the free trade pilot zone and Hainan Free Trade Port that conforms to China's national conditions, and create conditions for my country to become the preferred place for resolving international maritime commercial disputes. Strengthen the guarantee of shipping talents. Optimize the education and training system and examination system for seafarers, and strengthen the training of seafarers in new energy and new business forms such as LNG. Optimize and strengthen the management of seafarer dispatching agencies, strengthen the management and rights protection of seafarers, and improve the labor dispute resolution mechanism for seafarers. Implement the main responsibility of shipping companies to train seafarers, and guide shipping companies to steadily increase the proportion of their own seafarers. Support the introduction of high-skilled shipping talents such as cruise shipping, and increase the supply of urgently needed talents. Give full play to the talent advantages of modern shipping services in Hong Kong and Shanghai International Shipping Centers, and promote the integrated and coordinated development of the shipping services industry. Strengthen the research and decision-making consulting support for new energy technologies for ships. Strengthen the buidling of the business environment and culture, innovate business models, optimize product supply, and improve service efficiency and quality. | x | x | |||
| Guiding Opinions on Further Building a High-Quality Charging Infrastructure System | 2023 | Accelerate the formulation of management guidelines for the construction of charging infrastructure in residential areas based on cities, optimize the policies support and management procedures for facility construction, implement the responsibilities of grassroots management agencies such as street offices and residents' committees, and establish a "one-stop" coordination and promotion and complaint handling mechanism. Promote the formulation of comprehensive energy supply service station construction standards and management systems. Through policy tools such as relaxing special measures for market access, encourage relevant units to take the lead in formulating and implementing relevant standards. Strengthen industry standard management. Improve the entry requirements and management policies for charging infrastructure production, installation, construction, operation and maintenance enterprises, build an evaluation system with standardized management and service quality as the focus, and promote the establishment of a charging equipment product quality certification operator acceptance system. Improve the charging infrastructure operation and maintenance system, implement the main responsibilities of charging operation enterprises, and improve the availability of facilities and fault handling capabilities. Clarify the identification standards and management methods for long-term failed charging points, and establish a robust exit mechanism. Guide charging infrastructure investment and operation enterprises to purchase product liability insurance. Improve financial service capabilities, make full use of existing financial support policies, promote equity, project income rights, franchise rights and other pledge financing methods, and broaden the financing channels for charging infrastructure investment and operation companies and equipment manufacturers through green bonds. | x | ||||
| Implementation Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Charging Infrastructure to Better Support the Deployment of New Energy Vehicles to Rural Areas and Rural Revitalization | 2023 | New energy vehicle companies are encouraged to expand their sales networks to rural areas. Automakers and third-party service providers are guided to accelerate the development of joint sales outlets and establish supporting after-sales service systems. Regular maintenance and after-sales service visits to rural areas are conducted, providing emergency rescue and other services to alleviate concerns about purchasing and using vehicles. Vocational colleges are encouraged to train new energy vehicle maintenance technicians in rural areas and offer vocational education in areas such as vehicle maintenance and charging station maintenance. This will effectively connect local employment with support for new energy vehicle consumption. Strictly enforce supporting power supply and safety requirements for centralized charging sites, ensure compliance with relevant laws, regulations, national standards, or industry standards, strengthen safety training for management staff, and conduct regular inspections to identify potential hazards in existing charging piles. | x | ||||
| National Carbon Peak Pilot Construction Plan | 2023 | Guide key energy-consuming companies in the region to conduct in-depth research on carbon emission reduction paths, and formulate special work plans for energy conservation and carbon reduction based on "one enterprise, one policy". | |||||
| The People's Republicof China Fourth National Communication on Climate Change | 2023 | China plans to prioritize the talent education system for carbon peaking and carbonneutrality, reinforce the training of grassroots professionals for climate change adaptation, introduce green and low-carbon development into the national education system, incentivize institutions of higher education to add disciplines related to carbon peakingand carbon neutrality, and compile books to popularize the knowledge of climate changeadaptation and publicize climate adaptation efforts. Also, it will build a number of statekey laboratories. specializing in product and technology R&D on energy conservation, carbon emissions reduction and new energy, national technological innovation centers andkey platforms of sci-tech innovation. To improve its transparency of funding, technology and capacity building for addressingclimate change, China needs to: (1) Reinforce international exchanges and learn effective statistical and reporting practicesfrom other countries; (2) Launch studies of statistical methodology, and consider China's features of domesticand international cooperation on climate funding, technology development and transfers, and capacity building to work out a statistical methodology suiting the needs of China'sstatistical and administrative systems and in line with international practices; (3) Set up a unified national statistical system for efforts in climate funding, technologydevelopment and transfers, and capacity building; (4) Pairing up with other countries stably with the coordination from the secretariat of theUNFCCC, as a way to enable mutual assistance in climate funding, technologydevelopment and transfers, and capacity building. | |||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Strengthen dynamic supervision of rural passenger transport safety and operational services. Strengthen the construction of the industry management team. Further promote the reform of grassroots transport management institutions, clarify the boundaries of responsibilities, and streamline the transport service management system. Strengthen education and training, adhere to the combination of rewards and punishments, and strive to improve the business capabilities and overall quality of the industry management team. Cultivate high-level scientific and technological talents and strengthen the training of talents for international transport organizations. Strengthen the construction of the workforce. Implement the quality improvement action for the workforce, improve professional treatment, implement professional security, strengthen rights protection, and enhance professional honor. Deepen the reform of the road transport practitioner qualification system, promote the reform of the practitioner continuing education and integrity assessment system, and implement a differentiated integrity assessment scoring learning and education system. Strengthen communication and exchanges with the media and associations, and improve public relations handling capabilities in the transportation service field. | |||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation | 2022 | In the fields of new energy, artificial intelligence, public safety, etc., more than 30 key science and technology innovation platforms will be deployed. Transportation technology innovation centers will be deployed around key core technologies, and transportation engineering research centers will be deployed based on major engineering construction. More than 3 national science and technology innovation bases, more than 5 national international science and technology cooperation platforms, and more than 30 national transportation science popularization bases will be added. High-level scientific and technological talents continue to emerge, forming a tiered team of scientific and technological innovation talents. Promote the research and development of low-carbon technologies such as real-time monitoring of energy consumption and carbon emissions in the transportation field, carbon emission accounting and evaluation, carbon peak and carbon neutrality paths, carbon capture, and (near) zero emissions at large transportation hubs. Continue to implement the plan to promote scientific and technological innovation talents in the transportation industry. Promote the integration of science, education, industry and education, and enhance the cross-field and cross-disciplinary cooperation and innovation chain combination capabilities of scientific research backbones. Support colleges and universities to optimize their discipline layout and strengthen the discipline and professional settings in the fields of comprehensive transportation, cutting-edge intersections, etc. | |||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Cultivate a transportation science and technology innovation ecosystem. Promote the deep integration of government, industry, academia, research and application in the field of transportation. Encourage leading enterprises to integrate transportation science and technology industry chain resources, cultivate a transportation science and technology industry ecosystem through open data, open platforms, and open scenarios, and build a transportation science and technology industry incubation base. Strengthen the construction of key scientific research platforms in the industry, promote the construction of key laboratories, technology innovation centers, etc., and cultivate national-level science and technology innovation bases. Emergency support capacity building. Build an emergency transportation comprehensive command and dispatch platform based on big data. Build a transportation safety emergency satellite system project and optimize the comprehensive navigation service function. Focusing on law enforcement boats, professional rescue ships, and ocean-going transport ships, ro-ro passenger ships, and passenger ferries of state-owned shipping companies, steadily promote the use of life jackets and lifeboats (rafts) with Beidou satellite emergency position indication functions. Organize and carry out comprehensive and special emergency drills. Promote the application of advanced safety emergency equipment in the field of transportation. Strengthen the construction of emergency professional teams and volunteer teams, and enrich the national emergency transportation reserve force. Improve the non-traditional security emergency command system and emergency transportation organization such as responding to major epidemics, preventing and responding to terrorist attacks, and ensuring information security. Build a new think tank alliance for transportation, optimize the mechanism for discovering leading talents and selecting project teams, deepen the reform of scientific research funding management, improve the talent evaluation system, vigorously cultivate and use strategic scientists, and create a large-scale team of young scientific and technological talents. Strengthen the training of innovative, application-oriented, and skilled talents, expand the team of high-skilled talents, and cultivate a large number of outstanding engineers. Strengthen the construction of soft power in transportation culture, promote the construction of high-quality transportation cultural projects, deepen the construction of transportation cultural and museum projects, and improve the civilized quality of transportation participants. Strengthen the construction of transportation all-media communication capabilities, and enhance the communication, guidance, influence, and credibility of transportation government media. Further strengthen discipline, improve work style, improve the capabilities and level of transportation law enforcement teams, and strictly regulate fair and civilized law enforcement. Innovate new mechanisms and methods for legal publicity and education, implement the responsibility system for popularizing the law, and cultivate a culture of transportation rule of law. | x | ||||
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | By 2025, the means of promoting green transportation have been further enriched, the industry's green development laws, regulations, systems and standards have been gradually improved, the scientific and technological support capabilities have been further improved, and the green transportation supervision capabilities have been significantly improved. Promote the construction of multimodal transport demonstration projects and accelerate the cultivation of a number of leading multimodal transport companies with global influence. Promote the construction of key laboratories in the transportation industry, and actively cultivate national-level green transportation scientific research platforms. Encourage various green transportation innovation entities in the industry to establish innovation alliances and establish a mechanism for tackling key core technologies in green transportation. Strengthen green transportation assessment and supervision. Combined with the national total energy consumption, "dual control" assessment of intensity targets, and comprehensive transportation supervision, etc., improve the assessment and evaluation plan and management system, with focus on inspections and evaluation of carbon peak work and transportation structure optimization, ship and port pollution prevention and control, new energy transportation equipment, green travel and other key tasks. Relying on the deveoplement of the transportation industry credit system, strengthen green transportation supervision capabilities. | x | x | x | ||
| Implementation Plan for New Urbanization in the 14th Five-Year Plan | 2022 | Guide urban talents to develop in rural areas. Deeply implement the science and technology special envoy system, promote the "three masters" of planning designers, architects, and engineers to go to rural areas, establish a system for scientific researchers to work part-time and receive salary in rural areas and start businesses after leaving their jobs, and provide technical support for rural construction actions. | |||||
| National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy 2035 | 2022 | It is necessary to promote the combination of climate change adaptation and transportation, complete the emergency interconnection mechanism with meteorological early-warning information, improve systems of work, school, business, and transportation suspension of work due to extreme weather conditions and climate events, establish a natural disaster transportation prevention and control system, and enhance the capability of transportation to prevent and fight disaster. We should also plan the establishment of land, water, and air-emergency rescue capabilities in coordination, and strengthen the facility construction of emergency equipment, emergency communications as well as material storage and transportation in key regions to improve the disaster prevention and reduction level of important infrastructure. | x | x | x | x | |
| Outline of the Medium- and Long-Term Development Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation (2021-2035) | 2022 | By 2025, basic research and applied basic research will be significantly strengthened, key core technologies will achieve important breakthroughs, cutting-edge technologies and transportation will be accelerated to integrate, the layout of scientific and technological innovation platforms will be more complete, the talent development environment will be more optimized, the mechanism for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements will be smoother, and a scientific and technological innovation system that adapts to the needs of accelerating the construction of a strong transportation country will be initially established. By 2030, basic research and applied basic research will make important progress, the level of autonomy of key core technology products will be significantly improved, cutting-edge technologies and transportation will be deeply integrated, the scientific and technological innovation capabilities of transportation will be significantly improved, and the scientific and technological innovation system of transportation will be further improved. By 2035, the overall level of scientific and technological innovation in transportation will be among the best in the world, the basic research and original innovation capabilities will be comprehensively enhanced, key core technologies will be independently controllable, cutting-edge technologies will be fully integrated with transportation, and a scientific and technological innovation system that meets the needs of a strong transportation country will be basically established. Study comprehensive transportation theory and technology. Study comprehensive transportation theory to improve the theoretical level of comprehensive transportation channel planning and construction, integrated transportation hub integrated planning and construction, and coordinated optimization of comprehensive transportation infrastructure project construction. Strengthen the research and development of comprehensive transportation emergency assurance technologies. Improve the comprehensive transportation emergency response capabilities under natural disasters and sudden major accidents, carry out comprehensive transportation system function loss, accident causes and evolution law analysis, and traffic delay accurate assessment technology research, develop comprehensive transportation emergency control, emergency communication and service guarantee, emergency command decision-making, emergency resource static and dynamic configuration, emergency evacuation and search and rescue disposal and other technologies, and overcome post-disaster transportation system function reconstruction and recovery technology. Improve the emergency response capabilities of major epidemic transportation, break through the biological control isolation transportation system, the technology and equipment of the rapidly configurable rail transit mobile cabin hospital, and carry out the public health safety guarantee of passenger ships (including cruise ships) and passenger terminals, and the design of pathogenic microorganism safety systems. Improve the human-centered safety emergency response capabilities, build a highly integrated human-machine feedback control system, and overcome key technologies such as intelligent assessment of the job suitability of key transportation personnel, intelligent perception of the job status, and active intervention of human-machine interaction. Vigorously promote the spirit of scientists in the new era, and strive to create a good scientific and technological innovation atmosphere that respects knowledge, talents, creativity, openness, and tolerance of failure. Strengthen intellectual property protection, accelerate the construction of scientific research integrity, and create a clean and upright scientific research environment. Build a national transportation news and publicity information sharing cloud platform, strengthen public opinion guidance, timely publicize and report the progress and achievements of scientific and technological innovation, and fully ehance the public's enthusiasm for extensive participation and support for scientific and technological innovation. Improve the key science and technology innovation platform system. Cultivate a high-level scientific and technological talent team. Strengthen the transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements. Build a high-quality technical standards and regulatory system. Promote the coordinated development of technology research and development and standard development and application, and promote the timely transformation of advanced and mature technologies into standards. | |||||
| "14th Five-Year" Civil Aviation Development Plan | 2021 | We will focus on personnel qualification and capacity building, strengthen the development of professional teams in key positions, innovate training methods, enhance practical training, and intensify the education and training of professionals and grassroots managers to enhance their professional capabilities and basic skills. We will also prioritize the occupational health of professionals. We will fully leverage the role of industry associations and strengthen industry self-regulation. Strengthen talent pool support. Leveraging type certification and production supervision, strengthen the training of leading professional talent and technical experts, building an appropriately sized, comprehensive, well-structured, and highly capable independent airworthiness certification talent pool. Increase the development of flight test personnel, cabin safety review personnel, and aircraft specialists. Leverage resources within and outside the industry, including those in short supply for type certification, such as aviation onboard software review, to conduct airworthiness certification training, innovate the training system, and enhance training capabilities. Support universities in establishing airworthiness-related majors. Innovate management mechanisms and organizational models, integrate professional talent resources, and enhance the professionalism of the aircraft review team. Improve research conditions for airworthiness accreditation. Guided by demand, vigorously implement airworthiness certification technology research that deeply integrates industry, academia, research, and application. Rationally plan research projects and development facilities, and support industrial sectors in developing nationally certified laboratories and test flight bases for independent airworthiness certification. Promote the rapid deployment and efficient expansion of flight training capabilities. Actively cultivate aviation culture, expand participation in aviation activities, optimize the pilot licensing system, and promote the development of private aviation. Establish an assessment and evaluation system. Improve the industry's energy consumption and emissions statistics system, research and establish an assessment mechanism for energy resource consumption and environmental emissions, strengthen the management of pollution reduction and carbon reduction indicators, and improve the accountability and pressure transmission mechanism. Strengthen supervision and inspection, incorporate green performance into the assessment system for industry players, set a benchmark for green and low-carbon civil aviation enterprises, and encourage industry players to establish more proactive internal assessment and incentive mechanisms. Improve the mechanism for publishing the Civil Aviation Green Development Blue Book, regularly publish the energy and water efficiency of airlines and airports, and promote international benchmarking. Actively promote third-party evaluation systems and institutional capacity building. Strengthen the foundational capabilities of civil aviation for green development. Establish and improve a three-pronged industry green development management system encompassing management, supervision, and service, strengthen institutional personnel, and enhance management capabilities. Establish a Green Civil Aviation Expert Advisory Committee, bringing together experts from relevant fields within and outside the industry to expand and improve the civil aviation expert pool. Support civil aviation colleges and universities in developing green civil aviation disciplines and curriculum, cultivating high-level, multi-disciplinary talent. Encourage civil aviation research institutions and universities to collaborate with associations and businesses to establish and improve a green civil aviation-related skills training system, raising awareness and operational capacity across the industry. Strengthen civil aviation's research capabilities for green development. Support universities, research institutions, and industry associations in conducting research on key and forward-looking issues such as civil aviation's low-carbon development strategy, operational efficiency improvement, environmental impact monitoring and analysis, green equipment R&D and application, and green competitiveness. Focusing on the needs of coordinated governance of energy conservation, pollution reduction and carbon reduction, 2-3 key laboratories (engineering technology research centers) in the field of green development of civil aviation will be built to create a comprehensive scientific and technological innovation platform for green civil aviation and a scientific research and innovation network integrating government, industry, academia, research and application, strengthen joint and collaborative research, and promote the sharing and application of demonstration projects, research results, data and information. Talent Empowerment Project (I) Science and Technology Innovation Talent Promotion Plan Targeting applied basic research in civil aviation and cutting-edge international technologies, leveraging key laboratories and engineering technology research centers, we will establish 50 first-class research teams and focus on supporting and cultivating 200 high-level civil aviation science and technology innovation talents. (II) Industry Craftsman Talent Development Plan Relying on vocational colleges and enterprises, we will implement knowledge renewal projects and skills improvement initiatives to strengthen the cultivation of high-skilled talents in the industry and expand the highly skilled talent pool. We will implement the Thousand Craftsman Talent Plan to select and train 1,000 industry craftsmen, including Labor Day Labor Medal recipients, technical experts, gold medal employees, technicians, and senior technicians. (III) Digital Talent Empowerment Plan Vigorously cultivate digital talent in the industry, support industry colleges and universities in adding disciplines related to civil aviation informatization, and enhance the digital literacy of professionals. Leveraging the role of enterprises and colleges as the main training bodies, we will improve digital course training programs for in-service personnel and increase digital capability training for talent in relevant industry fields. Establish a number of national-level scientific research institutions and innovate to strengthen the professional and skilled workforce. Strengthen the development of specialized personnel in flight, air traffic control, maintenance, and general aviation. Implement a craftsman talent program to cultivate and select a team of civil aviation craftsmen with technical expertise and innovation. Strengthen the development of a new technology talent pool for smart civil aviation, intensify training in technologies such as big data, 5G, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things, and enhance training on new aircraft models, new business models, and emerging trends to enhance practitioners' innovative thinking and overall job-process thinking. Strengthen the development of a full-lifecycle management system for pilot skills. Deepen school-enterprise cooperation and guide civil aviation enterprises to play an important role in the joint training of professional talents. Encourage and guide more social resources to carry out education and training in accordance with civil aviation talent training standards, continuously improve the civil aviation talent supply structure of "schools + enterprises + social training institutions", and provide strong talent support for civil aviation development. Support universities, research institutes, and industry associations in conducting research on major and forward-looking issues such as the civil aviation low-carbon development strategy, operational efficiency improvement, environmental impact monitoring and analysis, green equipment R&D and application, and green competitiveness. Focusing on the coordinated governance needs of energy conservation, pollution reduction, and carbon reduction, establish two to three key laboratories (engineering technology research centers) in the field of green development in civil aviation, build a comprehensive green civil aviation scientific and technological innovation platform, and establish a scientific research and innovation network integrating government, industry, academia, research, and application. Strengthen joint and collaborative research, and promote the sharing and application of demonstration projects, research results, and data information. Enhance pilots' awareness of energy conservation, increase training on energy-saving driving techniques, and implement energy-saving operations while ensuring safety. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Water Transport | 2021 | Focusing on key common technologies, cutting-edge leading technologies, and disruptive technologies for smart water transport, we will coordinate forward-looking research and scientific and technological project development. We will accelerate the establishment of an evaluation and standards system for smart water transport, and formulate general and key technical standards for smart water transport. We will build a collaborative innovation platform for industry, academia, research, and application, researching and promoting the development of key scientific research platforms for smart ports, digital waterways, intelligent shipping, maritime safety, and pollution prevention. We will actively promote pilot application demonstration projects for smart shipping, piloting technologies such as autonomous ship driving and ship-shore collaboration. Encourage Chinese enterprises to participate in the investment, construction, and operation of ports along the Maritime Silk Road, and cultivate several world-class port developers, operators, and integrated service providers. Support the establishment of international port alliances and the Silk Road Maritime Alliance, and improve international port-shipping exchange platforms and cooperation mechanisms. Actively participate in international rescue missions and strengthen regional and international cooperation in maritime search and rescue. Take an active part in international anti-piracy efforts and jointly enhance the capacity to ensure navigation safety along key international shipping routes. Encourage the establishment of joint laboratories (research centers) between leading domestic and international port and shipping research institutions. Strengthen river shipping cooperation with neighboring countries along border rivers. | x | ||||
| Medium- and long-term plan for the development of the hydrogen energy industry (2021-2035) | 2021 | Promote the construction of a team of professional hydrogen energy talents. Guided by the needs of hydrogen energy technology innovation, support the introduction and cultivation of high-end talents, and enhance the research and development capabilities of basic cutting-edge hydrogen energy technologies. Accelerate the cultivation of a team of professional hydrogen energy technology and equipment talents, and consolidate the innovation foundation for the development of the hydrogen energy industry. Establish and improve a talent training mechanism, accelerate the construction of hydrogen energy-related disciplines and majors, and expand the group of hydrogen energy innovation and research and development talents. Encourage vocational colleges (including technical colleges) to open relevant majors and cultivate high-quality technical and skilled talents and other practitioners. | |||||
| New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035) | 2021 | Rely on industry associations, innovation centers, and other institutions to coordinate the joint construction and sharing of various innovation service platforms. Improve public service support capabilities in technology transfer, information services, talent training, project financing, and international exchanges. Improve service guarantee systems such as legal consulting, testing and certification, and talent training, guide enterprises to standardize overseas business operations, and enhance compliance management levels. Accelerate the establishment of a talent training mechanism adapted to the needs of the integrated development of new energy vehicles and related industries. Compile a catalog of urgently needed talents in the industry, optimize the layout of disciplines in the fields of vehicle electrification, networking, and intelligence, and guide institutions of higher learning, research institutes, and enterprises to increase efforts in attracting and cultivating international talents. Promote the spirit of entrepreneurship and craftsmanship, establish a positive incentive orientation, and implement diversified incentive measures such as equity and options. | |||||
| Opinions on Strengthening the Protection of Truck Drivers' Rights and Interests | 2021 | Make full use of traditional media, new media and other all-media methods to widely publicize policy measures to protect the rights and interests of truck drivers, so that the majority of truck drivers can fully understand the policy orientation and enjoy the policy benefits, and actively encourage and guide lawyers, grassroots legal service workers, etc. to carry out and provide high-quality and efficient public welfare legal services. | x | ||||
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | Strengthen channel security, maritime patrol, search and rescue, salvage, and deep-sea and polar rescue capabilities, and improve the transportation safety supervision system and search and rescue system. Coordinate the capabilities building of emergency rescue on land, water and aviation, and build a multi-level comprehensive transportation emergency equipment, materials and transportation capacity reserve system. Scientifically plan and layout emergency rescue bases, fire rescue stations, etc., strengthen the construction of supporting facilities such as emergency equipment for important channels, emergency communications, material storage and transportation, disaster prevention and epidemic prevention, and pollution emergency disposal, and improve the rapid repair capability of facilities and the ability to respond to emergencies. Improve the open sharing mechanism of scientific and technological resources and build a number of innovation platforms with international influence. Strengthen the building of the transportation talent team. Optimize the talent team structure, strengthen the construction of interdisciplinary scientific research teams, and cultivate a group of influential transportation science and technology leaders and innovation teams. Carry forward the spirit of model workers and craftsmen, improve the system and mechanism for talent introduction, training, use, evaluation, mobility, and incentives, and the governance mechanism that guides the construction of industry culture with the core socialist values. Strengthen the cultivation of innovative, application-oriented, and skilled talents, build a high-quality cadre team that is loyal, clean, and responsible, and create a large army of workers with excellent quality. | x | ||||
| Voluntary National Review 2021 - CHN | 2021 | China has made continuous effort to improve the policy environment and foster talent for innovation, in order to upgrade the construction and technology level of transportation infrastructure, and make the transportation systems more resilient. | |||||
| 14th Five Year Plan for the Construction of Modern Logistics System | 2020 | Improve the professional service level of logistics enterprises. Support logistics enterprises to specialize and improve, improve the professional level of basic businesses such as general cargo transportation and general warehousing, and enhance the professional logistics service capabilities to meet diversified logistics needs. Modern logistics enterprise cultivation project. Promote logistics hubs, leading logistics enterprises, and supply chain service enterprises to build logistics information and supply chain service platforms, implement actions to build a coordinated development ecosystem for logistics enterprises, and cultivate a group of modern logistics enterprises with international competitiveness. Accelerate the training of professional talents in circulation. Adhere to the guidance of combining production, learning, research and application, encourage scientific research institutes, colleges and universities, and vocational schools to strengthen the construction of circulation-related disciplines, establish a circulation talent training mechanism in conjunction with enterprises, and cultivate interdisciplinary and compound circulation professionals. Follow the development trend of the circulation field, guide social institutions and enterprises to strengthen cooperation, strengthen on-the-job education and skills training, and continuously improve the employment ability of circulation practitioners. Increase the training and introduction of high-level circulation talents with a global vision and familiar with international rules. | |||||
| Intellegent Automobile innovation and development strategy | 2020 | Improve test and evaluation technology. Establish and improve the intelligent vehicle test and evaluation system and test basic database. Focus on the research and development of virtual simulation, software and hardware combined simulation, real vehicle road testing and other technologies and verification tools, as well as multi-level test and evaluation systems. Promote the capacity building of enterprises, third-party technical tests and safe operation test and evaluation institutions. | x | ||||
| Outline for the Development of Inland Waterway Transport | 2020 | Accelerate the improvement of inland waterway shipping service level. Relying on the construction of shipping centers such as Wuhan and Chongqing, vigorously improve the service capabilities of finance, insurance, maritime arbitration, shipping transactions, information consulting, etc., study and carry out futures trading, develop a water transport e-commerce platform that coordinates cargo, ports, ships and other elements, and carry out online and offline services. Promote the transformation and upgrading of port and shipping enterprises. Promote the large-scale, intensive and professional development of port and shipping enterprises, optimize the market entity structure, and encourage advantageous enterprises to promote joint ventures, cooperation and mergers and reorganizations. Actively develop inland waterway shipping logistics and supply chain systems, and promote the transformation of port and shipping enterprises into full-process logistics carriers. Encourage shipping enterprises to develop upstream and downstream such as ships, ports, cargoes and finance, and build an integrated industrial chain development and operation model. Improve emergency management mechanisms and plans, incorporate them into the urban emergency plan system, strengthen the construction of professional rescue and emergency management talent teams, support the development of social rescue forces, and improve the public's water transportation safety literacy and awareness. Strengthen the construction of the talent team. Improve the system and mechanism for the construction of the talent team, and enhance the sense of honor, sense of achievement and career attractiveness of industry practitioners. Continuously improve the mechanism of talent training, technology production, learning, research and application, and create a good environment for the development of industry talents. Strengthen the training of applied crew members, coordinate and share high-quality inland waterway crew education and training resources, and improve the career promotion channel for crew members. Accelerate the improvement of inland waterway shipping service level. Relying on the development of shipping centers such as Wuhan and Chongqing, vigorously improve the service capabilities of finance, insurance, maritime arbitration, shipping transactions, information consulting, etc., study and carry out futures trading, develop water transport e-commerce platforms that coordinate factors such as cargo, ports, and ships, and carry out online and offline services. Improve emergency management mechanisms and plans, incorporate them into the urban emergency plan system, strengthen the construction of professional rescue and emergency management talent teams, support the development of social rescue forces, and improve the public's water transportation safety literacy and awareness. Improve safety supervision and emergency rescue capabilities. Establish and improve the inland waterway emergency rescue command system, improve the layout planning and development of water transportation safety supervision and rescue systems, strengthen the promotion and application of new equipment and technologies such as drones and underwater robots, and strengthen the construction of core capabilities such as dynamic perception and early warning of water transportation, rapid and effective rescue of human lives, and disposal of ship oil spills and hazardous chemicals. Improve professional ethics and civilized service standards, and continuously improve the level of civilization in the industry. Strengthen the construction of a talent team. Improve the system and mechanism for talent team building, and enhance the sense of honor, sense of achievement and career attractiveness of industry practitioners. Continuously improve the mechanism for talent training, technology production, learning, research and application, and create a good environment for the development of industry talents. Strengthen the training of applied crew members, coordinate and share high-quality inland waterway crew education and training resources, and improve the career promotion channel for crew members. | |||||
| Sustainable Development of Transport in China | 2020 | The country will establish a sci-tech innovation system for transport, develop advanced and safe key equipment, train high-caliber professionals, and create a sound market environment. China will achieve the basic modernization of its transport governance. Its international competitiveness and influence in transport will be improved markedly. | |||||
| Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Nation | 2019 | The transportation science and technology innovation system will be basically established, key transportation equipment will be advanced and safe, the talent team will be excellent, and the market environment will be good; the modernization of the transportation governance system and governance capabilities will be basically developed; the international competitiveness and influence of transportation will be significantly improved. Improve the mechanism for scientific and technological innovation. Establish a technology innovation mechanism with enterprises as the main body and deep integration of production, education, research, and application, encourage various innovative entities in the transportation industry to establish innovation alliances, and establish a mechanism for tackling key core technologies. Build a number of innovative platforms such as laboratories, test bases, and technology innovation centers with international influence, increase the openness and sharing of resources, and optimize the mechanism for scientific research funding. Build a standard system that adapts to the high-quality development of transportation and strengthen the effective supply of standards in key areas. Strengthen transportation emergency rescue capabilities. Establish and improve comprehensive transportation emergency management systems, mechanisms, laws, regulations and emergency plans, strengthen the construction of professional emergency rescue equipment, facilities and teams, and actively participate in international emergency rescue cooperation. Strengthen social coordination capabilities for emergency rescue and improve the expropriation compensation mechanism. Cultivate high-level transportation science and technology talents. Adhere to the orientation of high-quality, high-tech and scarce talents, cultivate a group of strategic science and technology talents, science and technology leaders, young science and technology talents and innovation teams with international standards, cultivate innovative talents on the front line of transportation, and support talents from various fields and disciplines to enter transportation-related industries. Promote the construction of high-end think tanks for transportation and improve the expert work system. Build a large army of high-quality transportation workers. Carry forward the spirit of model workers and craftsmen, and create a large army of high-quality knowledge-based, skilled and innovative workers. Vigorously cultivate a team of transportation technical and skilled talents that support China's manufacturing and China's creation, and build a modern vocational education system that meets the needs of transportation development. Build a high-quality and professional transportation cadre team. Implement the requirements for building a high-quality and professional cadre team, and build a high-quality cadre team that is loyal, clean and responsible. Focus on professional ability training and enhance the ability of the cadre team to adapt to the requirements of modern comprehensive transportation development. Strengthen the construction of an outstanding young cadre team and strengthen the training of talents for international transportation organizations. | |||||
| The General Office of the State Council on further strengthening Opinions on Urban Rail Transit Planning and Construction Management | 2018 | Urban rail transit construction should be planned in coordination with talent development, ensuring that personnel training and support mechanisms are integrated into overall development plans. Implement the main responsibility of enterprises in talent training, deepen the integration of production and education, and school-enterprise cooperation, and improve the quality of practitioners. | x | x | |||
| The People's Republic of China Second Biennial Update Report on Climate Change | 2018 | Preparation of greenhouse gas inventories, and strengthening of the capability for the statistical work and MRV of GHG emissions is fundamental work to address climate change, and there are great needs for capacity building in these fields. First, China has not a perfect institutionalized system for the preparation of greenhouse gas inventories, and the work on the preparation of National GHG Inventories is still conducted on a project basis; if a complete, stable and efficient inventory preparation mechanism is to be established, China faces capacity building challenges in finance, personnel and intergovernmental coordination. Second, China has a bewildering variety of GHG emission sources and sinks, shows a dramatic difference in emissions between regions or industries, and the capacity building needs for the preparation of local greenhouse gas inventories; localized research on emission factors are to be strengthened to reduce the uncertainty in local activity data and calculation of emission factors. Third, China needs to improve the technology level and competence of the inventory compilers from statistics departments, enterprises and local institutes by cooperation, exchange, and personnel training. The local governments in China have carried out much exploration in the pilot programs for addressing climate change and pursuing low carbon development, but there are still greater needs for capacity building compared with the provinces, states and regions of developed countries. Chinese local governments need support to improve the systematic design and strategic planning capacity and further enhance its technological support for low-carbon development, better the policy system for low-carbon development sector, accelerate local legislative progress, and improve professional training in order to improve technological R&D capacity for low-carbon development. China needs a lot in capacity building for market mechanism and for promoting enterprises' participation in emission reduction. Although China initiated the national carbon emission trading system in 2017, China needs to continue its exploration for establishing carbon emission trading rules that suit its national circumstances and development requirements. Enhance its capacity building for data reporting and submission, registration, establishment of detailed rules on trading, and perfecting of trading rules, and improve the capability of technical personnel that work in local authorities, major emitting enterprises and units, or third party audit institutions, and participating in the development of the carbon market. To reduce the impact of climate change and increase the capacity for adapting to climate change, China has great capacity building needs for climate change adaptation. First, China needs to increase its capacity for the construction, operation, scheduling, maintenance and repair of infrastructure, and the capacity for adapting to climate change in the fields that are vulnerable to climate change, such as agriculture, water resources, ecosystem, cities, human health, and major projects. Second, China needs to increase its capacity for the comprehensive monitoring and early warning of climatic disasters, forecasting, and service, strengthen the scientific research, observation and impact assessment of climate change, enhance the capacity building for addressing extreme weather and climate event, and reduce the disaster risk of extreme events. China needs to develop climate change adaptation projects through international cooperation and exchange, improve the capacity for interdisciplinary integrated research in key industries or fields that are subject to the influence of climate change, such as water-saving irrigation, water conservation irrigation, water resources allocation, and integrated coastal zone management and conservation. | |||||
| Mid- to Long-term Development Plan for the Automotive Industry | 2017 | Improve the innovation mechanism. Strengthen top-level design and dynamic evaluation, and establish and improve a collaborative innovation mechanism that coordinates and links departments and covers related industries. Improve the technological innovation system with enterprises as the main body, market-oriented, and combining production, learning, research and application, establish a cross-industry collaborative platform, promote mass entrepreneurship and innovation, and form a systematic technological innovation capability. Encourage innovation entities such as enterprises, institutes, and universities to allocate innovation resources around the industrial chain and establish manufacturing innovation centers in the automotive field such as power batteries and intelligent connected vehicles. Improve the service capabilities of supporting platforms. Promote the construction of industry support platforms such as technical standards, testing and evaluation, infrastructure, and international cooperation, improve the technical standard system for complete vehicles and parts, and form a systematic service capability to support industrial development. Improve certification, inspection and testing capabilities, promote the establishment of automobile development databases, engineering data centers, and patent databases, and provide enterprises with open sharing services for innovative knowledge and engineering data. We will continue to regard international development as an important guarantee for the sustainable development of the automobile industry, improve the service guarantee system, enhance international business capabilities, strengthen international cooperation, and accelerate the integration of China's automobile industry into the global market. | x |
Climate-informed design standards
| China's Nationally Determined Contribution Report 2035 | 2025 | Promote the development of technical standards in relevant fields. | |||||
| The People's Republicof China Fourth National Communication on Climate Change | 2023 | improved the national highway network's capability to adapt to extreme weather eventssuch as extreme cold events, floods, and typhoons. | x | ||||
| National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy 2035 | 2022 | Danger elimination and reinforcement measures of major coastal projects should be made and the design standards for coastal dams, roads, power plants, airports, ports, docks, and other projects should be improved to cope with climate disasters. Northeast China: We should adjust the layout and technical standards of buildings and transport engineering according to the degree of climate warming in winter | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Highways | 2021 | Enhance the disaster prevention and mitigation capacity of highways. Conduct a comprehensive survey on the disaster risk of highway infrastructure, strengthen the investigation and assessment of road sections prone to geological disasters, and issue implementation plans and technical guidelines for disaster prevention projects on trunk highways to effectively guide local disaster prevention efforts. improve the drainage facilities of cross-river bridges in ecological and environmental sensitive sections of roads | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Enhance the ability of public facilities to cope with storms, droughts and geological disasters, and improve the emergency shelter functions of public facilities and buildings. |
Coordinate planning across government agencies
| Guidelines for the Scientific Planning and Construction of High-Power Charging Infrastructure | 2025 | The departments in charge of the development of charging facilities in various regions should work with relevant departments to further strengthen the guarantee of factors for the development of high-power charging facilities, and increase the supply of supporting policies such as land use, power supply, finance, and finance. The departments in charge of the development of charging facilities in various regions should strengthen work coordination, and actively cooperate with departments such as energy, transportation, industry and information technology, natural resources, housing and urban-rural development, market supervision, and emergency management to jointly carry out planning and refine policy implementation measures. | |||||
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Integrated Development of Transportation and Energy | 2025 | By 2027, a transportation and energy integration development mechanism with multi-departmental coordination will be basically formed, and policies, regulations, standards, specifications, and technical equipment systems will be gradually improved. Promote scientific and technological innovation. Establish a research and development platform for transportation and energy integration technology and equipment, and promote cross-industry, cross-departmental and cross-regional collaborative innovation. | |||||
| Opinions on Further Improving Environmental Supervision of Motor Vehicles | 2025 | Ecological and environmental departments, public security organs, procuratorates, judicial organs, transportation departments, market supervision departments, etc. establish and improve working mechanisms such as law enforcement linkage, case transfer, and source tracing. Strengthen the supervision and law enforcement capabilities of motor vehicles and emission inspection agencies, and coordinate and cooperate among management, law enforcement, technical support and other departments to ensure that someone is responsible for the work. | x | ||||
| Opinions on promoting high-quality development of inland waterway transportation | 2025 | Strengthen the standardization and regularization of market supervision, and promote fair and unified market supervision. Establish and improve a cross-regional and cross-departmental joint law enforcement mechanism. Relying on the relevant national information sharing platform, promote cross-departmental and cross-industry data sharing, and promote mutual recognition of supervision and law enforcement cooperation. Departments at all levels of transportation, industry and information technology, finance, natural resources, ecological environment, water conservancy and other departments should strengthen coordination, give full play to the enthusiasm of both the central and local governments, provide financial support and element guarantees, and jointly promote the high-quality development of inland waterway transportation. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Improving Transportation Standards (2024-2027) | 2024 | Give full play to the overall coordination role of the Ministry's Standardization Management Committee and strengthen supervision and implementation. The National Railway Administration, the Civil Aviation Administration of China, the State Post Bureau, and relevant departments and subordinate units within the Ministry should refer to the requirements of the action plan, clarify the division of responsibilities, refine the promotion measures, speed up the work deployment, strengthen coordination and cooperation, and ensure the implementation of the tasks. | |||||
| Action Plan for Innovation in Transportation Standards Management | 2024 | Promote communication and cooperation among standardization committees. Encourage standardization committees with related business to send observers to each other to understand each other's work progress and put forward opinions on promoting coordination and connection of standards during the process of formulating and revising relevant standards. Support standardization committees to strengthen cooperation, establish cross-domain and cross-professional teams, and jointly promote the development of standards in interdisciplinary, cutting-edge technologies and emerging fields. | |||||
| Action Plan to Effectively Reduce Logistics Costs in the Whole Society | 2024 | Strengthen cross-departmental coordination of multimodal transport standards, and systematically promote the unification of standards for various modes of transport, various facilities and equipment. Actively participate in the formulation and revision of international logistics standards. | x | x | x | ||
| Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Integration of Passenger, Freight and Postal Services in Rural Areas | 2024 | Improve the coordination mechanism. Actively seek support from local party committees and governments, promote the integration of rural passenger, freight and mail development into government work goals or rural revitalization-related plans, and coordinate the promotion of rural passenger, freight and mail integration development. Promote the establishment of a working mechanism led by the government, with the participation of departments and units such as transportation, industry and information technology, public security, finance, agriculture and rural areas (rural revitalization), commerce, postal management, supply and marketing cooperatives, and postal companies, jointly study and formulate an implementation plan for the integrated development of rural passenger, freight and mail, clarify development goals, main tasks, implementation paths, support policies, and guarantee measures, and form a working pattern in which multiple departments work together to promote the integrated development of rural passenger, freight and mail. | |||||
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Construction of International Aviation Hubs | 2024 | It is necessary to strengthen the overall coordination and synergy among the various policy departments of the central government and between the central and local governments, implement the deployment of the strategic cooperation agreement between the civil aviation and local governments, strengthen regular consultations, and coordinate division of labor and cooperation. | x | ||||
| Notice on Supporting and Guiding the Digital Transformation and Upgrading of Road and Waterway Transportation Infrastructure | 2024 | Focusing on the release of data value, improve the coordinated management and service mechanism of transportation, public security, meteorology, emergency, data, natural resources and other departments, and improve the digital management mechanism of road and waterway projects throughout their life cycle. | x | x | |||
| Action Plan on Demonstrating and Promoting the Use of Shore Power by Container Ships and Cruise Ships on International Routes at Ports (2023-2025) | 2023 | A special working group has been set up to promote the use of shore power for international container ships and cruise ships when they call at ports, led by relevant departments of the Ministry of Transport, State Grid Corporation of China, and China Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd., and participated by relevant provincial-level transportation authorities, power grid companies, the Ministry of Transport's Water Transport Research Institute, China Classification Society, China Ports Association, China Pilotage Association, China Shipowners' Association, and relevant port and shipping companies, to jointly accelerate the use of shore power. | x | ||||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Promote the exchange and sharing of information between railways, roads, water transport, aviation, customs, and market supervision. Actively promote joint administrative enforcement in the railway sector, and strengthen coordination and collaboration with departments such as emergency management, housing and urban-rural development, and public security. Improve the policy system for building a strong transportation country, continue to do a good job in accelerating the construction of industry and local chapters on building a strong transportation country, promote cross-regional and cross-mode policy coordination and cooperation, and promote the coordination of natural resources, environmental protection, finance, taxation, finance, investment, industry, trade and other policies with policies related to the construction of a strong transportation country. | x | ||||
| Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the High-Quality Development of Modern Shipping Services | 2023 | Strengthen organizational leadership. Local transportation authorities, branches of the People's Bank of China, regulatory bureaus of the State Financial Supervision and Administration Bureau, dispatched agencies of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, branches of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange and other departments should strengthen communication and coordination, strengthen guidance on the development of modern shipping services in their regions in accordance with their duties, study and introduce supporting policies and measures in light of local realities, and strengthen institutional guarantees. | x | ||||
| Guiding Opinions on Further Building a High-Quality Charging Infrastructure System | 2023 | Strengthen coordinated promotion. The National Development and Reform Commission and the National Energy Administration will work with all relevant parties to coordinate the implementation of these guidelines, strengthen departmental coordination and cooperation, strengthen guidance and supervision of local governments, conduct regular implementation assessments, summarize and promote typical experiences and practices in a timely manner, and report major situations to the Party Central Committee and the State Council in a timely manner. Local governments at all levels should establish a coordinated promotion mechanism for charging infrastructure construction with close cooperation among relevant ministries or departments such as development and reform, energy, transportation, natural resources, industry and information technology, housing and urban-rural development, commerce, fire rescue, and urban management. They should comprehensively survey the basic situation, scientifically assess construction needs, simplify construction procedures, establish and improve standards and policy systems, continuously track and resolve key and difficult issues, and achieve information sharing and policy linkage. | x | ||||
| The People's Republicof China Fourth National Communication on Climate Change | 2023 | Put in place and improve coordination and information sharing mechanisms for addressing climate change to promote cross-cutting cooperation and collaborativeinnovation. Foster a working mechanism involving the participation and coordination efforts of multiple departments and an action mechanism featuring mass participation. | |||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | encourage the development of new business models integrating transportation and tourism, and multiple departments coordinate to orderly develop experiential transportation tourism such as slow trains, hotel trains, low-altitude flights, and yacht tourism. Promote the coordinated supervision of road transport safety, and promote information sharing in the transportation administration system, highway toll management system, and public security supervision system. Improve the emergency transportation guarantee system. Establish and improve a comprehensive transportation emergency transportation management and coordination mechanism with multi-department linkage and multi-mode coordination. Establish and improve a multi-department coordinated supervision mechanism, adhere to the balance between development and regulation, better coordinate development and safety, enhance the governance capabilities of new transportation business models, clarify rules, draw bottom lines, strengthen supervision, standardize order, strengthen anti-monopoly supervision, and promote fair competition in the market. Relying on the industry information system, integrate information such as administrative licenses, administrative penalties, law enforcement inspections, quality and reputation assessments, service quality complaints, and production safety accidents, strengthen the exchange and sharing of credit information with relevant departments, improve the "one-household" credit files of industry enterprises and practitioners, and lay a solid data foundation for credit supervision. Give full play to the leading role of the industry's competent departments, and improve the business consultation mechanism, situation reporting mechanism and work coordination mechanism among the industry's competent departments, comprehensive law enforcement agencies and road transport affairs working agencies. Continue to deepen the reform of the comprehensive transportation management system and mechanism, improve the comprehensive coordination mechanism of transportation, public security, finance, commerce, culture and tourism departments, improve the coordination mechanism between local transportation authorities and local railway, civil aviation and postal management agencies, explore regional passenger transport integration, joint supervision and law enforcement, key period transportation organization and guarantee and other transportation service chain coordination system and mechanism, and provide strong guarantee for the smooth implementation of the plan. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Plan for Aviation Logistics | 2022 | Promote the coordinated governance of multimodal transport. Strengthen inter-departmental coordination and cooperation, and promote the improvement of relevant laws and regulations on multimodal transport. Further deepen reforms, form a unified and open aviation logistics market, cultivate multimodal transport entities, encourage third parties to build platforms to integrate various modes of transportation resources, and provide full-chain services. Accelerate the connection between civil aviation and road and railway logistics standards, and promote the construction of standards for aviation logistics operations, information, operations and equipment. Conduct research on standards for general multimodal transport technologies, equipment and platforms, and provide support for the coordinated operation of multimodal transport. Strengthen industry collaborative governance. Jointly with the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Transport, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Commerce, the Postal Administration and other departments, establish an industry collaborative mechanism to improve the operation level and service guarantee capabilities of aviation logistics entities, create a civil aviation ecosystem that organically integrates the industrial chain, supply chain and value chain, and promote industrial development. Strengthen the comprehensive organization and coordination between the Civil Aviation Administration of China and the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Transport, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Commerce and other departments, and rely on the inter-ministerial joint meeting system for modern logistics work to give full play to the functional role of various departments. Strengthen coordination with the military and local policies to form a joint force to promote the development of aviation logistics. Promote civil aviation administrative agencies, postal management, industry associations, airport public security agencies and other units to establish a working mechanism for sharing regulatory information, establish credit records for business entities, improve the joint incentives for compliance and penalties for non-compliance, and implement joint penalties for non-compliance in accordance with laws and regulations. | x | x | x | ||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Study and formulate and revise relevant laws and regulations on highways, railways, civil aviation and integrated transportation, and promote the effective connection of various systems. Build a standard system and statistical system for high-quality development of integrated transportation, improve technical standards such as integrated transportation hubs, passenger intermodal transportation, multimodal transportation of goods, intelligent transportation, green transportation, traffic safety emergency, barrier-free transportation, new business forms and new models, and strengthen the connection of various standards. | x | x | x | x | |
| China's submission to the global stocktake | 2022 | All provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) have established leading groups on carbon peaking and carbon neutralization as well to strengthen the overall coordination of local carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, and establish a working mechanism that is linked central and local authorities and coordinated in an orderly manner. | |||||
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | Improve and perfect the organizational and leadership system of the Ministry of Transport's carbon peak and carbon neutrality work, and strengthen inter-departmental coordination and collaboration. Strengthen communication and coordination with relevant departments, promote the establishment of a cross-departmental coordination mechanism, and jointly promote green transportation-related work. Transportation authorities at all levels are encouraged to establish and improve green transportation assessment and supervision mechanisms and strengthen green transportation supervision and inspection. | |||||
| National Highway Network Plan | 2022 | Strengthen external coordination and internal supervision, strengthen coordination and connection with relevant policies such as carbon peak and carbon neutrality, national land space planning, natural conservation area system, and the "three lines and one list", and strictly implement the environmental protection "three simultaneous" system (simultaneous design, simultaneous construction, and simultaneous production and use), environmental monitoring and follow-up evaluation systems. Strengthen cross-departmental, cross-regional, and cross-industry coordination and coordination, follow the principle of "overall planning and hierarchical responsibility", strengthen central-local linkage and policy coordination, and work together to promote the implementation of the plan. When planning and constructing provincial road networks, all provinces (autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government) should strengthen the connection with this plan, coordinate the coordinated development of road networks at all levels, and reasonably determine the planning goals, construction scale, and construction timing. Strengthen the connection with National Spatial Planning and other related planning, reasonably guarantee the supply of land resources for national road construction in accordance with the requirements of economy, intensiveness and efficiency, accelerate the processing of national highway land, sea, forest and grassland, environmental impact assessment, soil and water conservation and other construction procedures in accordance with the law, and provide policy and element support for the implementation of planned projects. | x | ||||
| Outline of the Medium- and Long-Term Development Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation (2021-2035) | 2022 | Strengthen organizational coordination. Strengthen organizational leadership, establish and improve the coordinated promotion mechanism of departmental coordination, ministry-provincial linkage, and government-enterprise cooperation, deepen "science and transportation coordination", and improve the joint meeting system for transportation technology innovation. All relevant departments and units should strengthen deployment and implement it in accordance with this planning outline and in light of actual conditions. | |||||
| "14th Five-Year" Civil Aviation Development Plan | 2021 | Improve the organizational system of airworthiness certification and operational review, coordinate various resources such as national, local governments and industrial departments, promote the development of accreditation agencies, and achieve deep integration and development with the civil aviation manufacturing industry. Promote multi-faceted and collaborative governance. Promote the development of a petition system and strengthen service quality management. Promote policy coordination among relevant ministries and commissions in areas such as emergency rescue, medical assistance, and short-haul transportation. Actively guide the development of provincial general aviation development platforms, leverage the role of scientific research institutes and industry associations as third-party bridges, and promote shared governance in infrastructure construction, low-altitude airspace reform, and the low-altitude economy. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Water Transport | 2021 | Encourage port, shipping and railway companies to strengthen cooperation, information interconnection, and standard docking, build a comprehensive reform zone for container sea-rail transport, and promote high-quality development of rail-water transport. Strengthen the coordination and integration of water transport planning with national land and space planning at all levels, and coordinate the spatial relationship between water transport development and ocean, land, and shoreline resources, as well as cities, transportation, water conservancy, and environmental protection. Strengthen policy coordination with departments such as development and reform, natural resources, ecological environment, water conservancy, ports, and railways to improve the external environment for water transport development. | x | x | |||
| Digital Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2021 | Under the unified leadership of the Ministry's Cybersecurity and Informatization Leading Group, strengthen organizational leadership and overall coordination for the implementation of planning. Clarify task division, assign clear responsibilities to departments, and enhance coordination throughout the entire project lifecycle to ensure the effectiveness of building the "data brain" for integrated transportation. Coordinate the construction of ministry-provincial connectivity projects, and strengthen top-level design, overall advancement, and integrated operations of such projects. Local governments should fulfill their primary responsibilities by formulating relevant plans or schemes based on their regional characteristics and development foundations, and ensure alignment with this overall plan. | |||||
| New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035) | 2021 | Rely on industry associations, innovation centers, and other institutions to coordinate the joint construction and sharing of various innovation service platforms. Improve public service support capabilities in technology transfer, information services, talent training, project financing, and international exchanges. Give full play to the role of the inter-ministerial joint conference system for the development of the energy-saving and new energy vehicle industry and local coordination mechanisms. Strengthen departmental coordination and linkage between upper and lower levels, formulate annual work plans and departmental task divisions. Strengthen the overall planning of policies, standards, and regulations in industries such as new energy vehicles, energy, transportation, and information communication, and ensure the implementation of major tasks and key work identified in the plan. All relevant departments should formulate their own work plans and supporting policies and measures based on their functional divisions, focusing on the goals and tasks of the plan. All regions should effectively implement the plan in light of their local realities, optimize industrial layout, and avoid redundant construction. Industry organizations should fully play their role as a bridge connecting enterprises and the government, and coordinate the establishment of cross-industry exchange and cooperation platforms. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, together with relevant departments, should conduct in-depth investigation and research, strengthen tracking and guidance, and promote the smooth implementation of the plan. | |||||
| Opinions on Further Improving the Work of Railway Planning and Construction | 2021 | In accordance with the needs of national economic and social development and military-civilian integration, comprehensively consider the relationship between railways and highways, water transport, civil aviation, urban transportation, etc., strengthen the overall coordination with national land space planning and regional development planning, scientifically formulate railway development plans, and form a planning system with layered classification and complementary functions. | x | x | x | x | |
| Opinions on Strengthening the Protection of Truck Drivers' Rights and Interests | 2021 | Establish a coordinated linkage mechanism. Relevant departments in various regions should promote the establishment of a coordinated linkage mechanism for the high-quality development of the road freight industry. Based on the work responsibilities of various departments, strengthen policy coordination and coordination, coordinate and solve the urgent problems of truck drivers in a timely manner, and promote the formation of joint efforts to protect the rights and interests of truck drivers. | x | ||||
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | Improve the transportation emergency support system. Establish and improve a comprehensive transportation emergency transportation management coordination mechanism with multi-department linkage, multi-mode coordination, and multi-subject participation, and improve a scientific and coordinated comprehensive transportation emergency transportation support plan system. Promote the integrated development of transportation and related industries such as equipment manufacturing. Strengthen cross-industry cooperation between transportation and modern agriculture, production and manufacturing, trade and finance, and develop transportation platform economy, hub economy, channel economy, and low-altitude economy. Improve the policy consultation mechanism for transportation and land space development, urban and rural construction, ecological and environmental protection. Promote the integration of multiple regulations, and improve policy uniformity, rule consistency and implementation coordination. Strengthen the development of the organizational guarantee system for the implementation of this planning outline, establish and improve the implementation coordination and promotion mechanism, strengthen departmental coordination and linkage between the upper and lower levels, and promote the overall planning and coordinated construction of various types of transportation infrastructure. The departments of finance, natural resources, housing and urban and rural construction, and ecological environment should refine and improve the supporting policies and standards and specifications for finance, land use, sea use, urban and rural construction, and environmental protection. Improve the linkage mechanism between this planning outline and various types of plans at all levels. | |||||
| 14th Five Year Plan for the Construction of Modern Logistics System | 2020 | Strengthen the coordinated planning and integrated development of logistics infrastructure with industrial parks and commodity trading markets. | |||||
| Outline for the Development of Inland Waterway Transport | 2020 | Promote the coordinated development of ports, industries, and cities. Strengthen the effective connection between ports and urban and rural construction and industrial development layout, promote the coordinated development of urban landscape shorelines and port production shorelines, strengthen the construction of tourist passenger terminals, inland cruise terminals, and convenient terminals in reservoir areas, and integrate port pollution prevention and control into the urban ecological environment protection system. | x | x | |||
| Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Nation | 2019 | Strengthen implementation management. All regions and departments should enhance their awareness of the great significance of building a strong transportation nation, scientifically formulate supporting policies and allocate public resources, promote the coordination of natural resources, environmental protection, finance, taxation, finance, investment, industry, trade and other policies with policies related to building a strong transportation nation, deploy a number of major projects, and rationally plan the process of building a strong transportation nation. | x | ||||
| The General Office of the State Council on further strengthening Opinions on Urban Rail Transit Planning and Construction Management | 2018 | Improve the coordinated and coordinated supervision mechanism among departments. The National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and other relevant departments should establish an urban rail transit supervision database, strengthen information sharing, use big data and other technical means to improve the level of supervision, give full play to the role of industry associations, and timely and dynamically grasp the implementation of urban rail transit construction plans. | x | x | |||
| Highway Safety Protection Act | 2010 | If the highway construction control area overlaps with the railway line safety protection zone, waterway protection area, river management area or water project management and protection area, it shall be delineated after consultation between the highway management agency and the railway management agency, waterway management agency, water administration department or river basin management agency. | x |
Corridor development program
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Build a comprehensive, three-dimensional, large-capacity, and fast transportation axis, construct a multi-mode, multi-channel, and convenient transportation corridor, and strengthen the coordination and connection between the axis and the corridor. Upgrade coastal channels, improve the capacity of railway channels, promote the expansion and transformation of busy sections of highways, improve the overall efficiency of port channels, and build large-capacity, high-quality transportation corridors. Take an integrated approach to efficient resource utilization, ecological and environmental protection, and flood control and navigation safety, and orderly develop river-crossing and sea-crossing corridors that allow for the shared use of channel resources by multiple modes of transport. | x | x | x | x | |
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | Promote research in areas such as ecological optimization of transportation corridors and infrastructure, ecological connectivity and ecological reconstruction of road areas, and green building materials and technologies. | x | ||||
| Implementation Plan for New Urbanization in the 14th Five-Year Plan | 2022 | Improve external transportation corridors and facilities, and enhance the functions of regional transportation hubs or nodes. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | With "six corridors, six routes, multiple countries and multiple ports" as the basic framework, build an interconnected network led by economic corridors such as the New Eurasian Continental Bridge, with major channels and information highways such as the China-Europe Express and the New Land-Sea Corridor as the skeleton, and relying on railways, ports, pipelines, etc., to create a new channel for international land and sea trade. | x | x | x | ||
| Promote the development of multimodal transport, optimize and adjust the transport structure Work Program (2021-2025) | 2021 | Strengthen planning and overall leadership, improve the integrated layout and construction level of transportation infrastructure, accelerate the construction of a comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network with the "6 axes, 7 corridors and 8 channels" as the main skeleton, enhance the functions of comprehensive transportation channels such as Beijing-Shanghai, Land Bridge, Shanghai-Kunming, and Guangzhou-Kunming make up for the shortcomings in infrastructure of backbone channels from Xinjiang to Tibet and the central and western regions, along the rivers, coasts and borders, tap the transportation capacity of existing trunk railways Promote the green and low-carbon transformation of transportation in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and surrounding areas, and the main coal-producing areas of Shanxi , Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia. | |||||
| Voluntary National Review 2021 - CHN | 2021 | An interconnected network will emerge, encompassing at the very top economic corridors such as the New Eurasian Land Bridge, then trunk routes such as the China-Europe freight railway and the new western land-sea corridor and the information superhighway and at the bottom railways, ports and pipe networks. The focus will be on key corridors and key cities, major cooperation projects and the Green Silk Road and the Digital Silk Road, to promote connectivity and sustainable economic and social development in the relevant countries and regions. | x | x | x | ||
| Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Nation | 2019 | With the six international economic cooperation corridors of the Silk Road Economic Belt as the main body, promote the interconnection of railways, highways, waterways, oil and gas pipelines and other infrastructure with neighboring countries. | x | x | x | x | x |
Cybersecurity
| "14th Five-Year" Civil Aviation Development Plan | 2021 | Strengthen cybersecurity emergency response capabilities. Improve the ability to dynamically respond to and recover from cybersecurity incidents, establish an emergency command mechanism for major cybersecurity incidents, and enhance pre-emptive prevention, in-process monitoring, and post-incident emergency response capabilities. Strengthen cooperation with security service agencies to improve the coordinated response to cybersecurity incidents. | x | ||||
| New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035) | 2021 | Build a cybersecurity assurance system. Improve the cybersecurity management system for new energy vehicles, build a unified vehicle identity authentication and security trust system, promote the in-depth application of cryptographic technology. Build a cybersecurity assurance system. Improve the cybersecurity management system for new energy vehicles, build a unified vehicle identity authentication and security trust system, promote the in-depth application of cryptographic technology. Strengthen security testing of in-vehicle information systems, service platforms, and key electronic components. | |||||
| Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Nation | 2019 | Improve the cybersecurity guarantee system, enhance the ability to promote safety through science and technology, and strengthen the security protection of transportation information infrastructure. |
Data collection and repositories - General
| Opinions on Further Improving Environmental Supervision of Motor Vehicles | 2025 | For diesel trucks with a gross vehicle weight exceeding 3.5 tons, onboard remote emission management terminals shall be installed, and relevant emission data shall be submitted to the ecological and environmental authorities as required. If the terminal operates normally, transmits data properly, and meets standards consistently within the annual inspection cycle, the provincial ecological and environmental authorities may exempt the vehicle from on-site emission testing for that cycle. Use remote sensing monitoring, black smoke capture and other technical means to screen for clues of illegal truck emissions. For vehicles with abnormally high emissions found in the screening, remind and notify the vehicle owners to repair and manage them in time. Strengthen the maintenance of remote sensing monitoring, black smoke capture and other equipment, and standardize the collection of evidence of illegal vehicle emissions exceeding the standard. The ecological environment, public security, transportation, market supervision and other departments share data and information on motor vehicle inspection and maintenance, supervision and punishment. Promote the sharing of truck OBD data and information by ecological environment departments at all levels. Optimize the functions of the supervision platform of motor vehicle emission inspection institutions, accelerate the interconnection and interoperability of emission inspection results across administrative regions, and realize the three-level networking of key process data of emission inspection. Improve the comprehensive administrative law enforcement system of the ecological environment, and realize the interconnection and mutual recognition of motor vehicle administrative inspection and punishment record information nationwide. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Reducing Costs, Improving Quality and Increasing Efficiency of Transportation and Logistics | 2024 | Accelerate the interconnection and sharing of multimodal transport information. Formulate a multimodal transport data sharing list, promote business entities to strengthen data exchange and sharing, steadily promote the development and utilization of public data resources in transportation and logistics, and form a sustainable development model. Formulate a unified national list of relevant electronic certificates and application management specifications in the field of transportation, and accelerate the promotion of "cross-provincial handling". | |||||
| Action Plan to Effectively Reduce Logistics Costs in the Whole Society | 2024 | Promote the open interconnection of logistics data. Departments of road, railways, waterways, aviation, and customs, as well as the sharing and development of their public data resources are taken as the core. Integrate logistics with information flow and capital flow, establish a dynamic interconnection mechanism for departmental logistics data resources, support data docking of various business entities, and form a sustainable development model. Establish an open interconnection mechanism for logistics public data resources, strengthen security risk prevention, and improve data authorization management and operation mechanisms. Establish and improve mechanisms for the collection, extraction, application, and protection of enterprise logistics data to promote the market-oriented circulation of enterprise logistics data elements. Improve the social logistics statistical survey system and strengthen national, regional and industry-specific logistics cost statistics. | |||||
| China's Rural Roads in the New Era | 2024 | Solidifying the digital foundation for rural roads. China has implemented a series of statistical survey systems, including the Rural Road Infrastructure Statistics Survey System, the Road Maintenance Statistics Survey System, and the Road Transport Statistics Survey System. Through regular monitoring and data collection, it has established a comprehensive infrastructure database, enabling the online management and monitoring of all processes related to rural road construction, management, maintenance, and operation. As a result, statistical surveying, monitoring and management of rural roads have been improved through a digital and smart transformation. It has also initiated a "one road, one file" information system for rural roads, ensuring that basic data for each road can easily be found online. This initiative has enabled integrated management for rural roads. | x | x | |||
| Guidelines for the Construction of National Data Infrastructure | 2024 | Support the creation of high-quality data sets in industries such as agriculture, industry, transportation, finance, natural resources, health, education, science and technology, civil aviation, and meteorology. | |||||
| Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Integration of Passenger, Freight and Postal Services in Rural Areas | 2024 | Strengthen the security management of passenger, freight and mail information in rural areas, and strictly prevent the leakage of personal information. | |||||
| Implementation Plan for Innovative Application of General Aviation Equipment (2024-2030) | 2024 | Promote the collaboration between governments and enterprises in pilot areas in low-altitude regulatory service infrastructure, network planning and construction, and promote the opening of public information such as three-dimensional high-precision maps, meteorological data, and communication navigation. Promote the construction of visual route networks, support the improvement of operating rules, improve the aviation information and data guarantee mechanism, and enhance flight service guarantee capabilities. | x | ||||
| Notice on Supporting and Guiding the Digital Transformation and Upgrading of Road and Waterway Transportation Infrastructure | 2024 | Explore the establishment of operating mechanisms such as data classification, grading, confirmation of rights, authorized use, and market-oriented circulation, and promote collaborative innovation in data technology products, application paradigms, business models, and institutional mechanisms. | |||||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Promote the sharing of intermodal travel data and encourage the conditional opening of intermodal travel data to third-party enterprises. Carry out network and data security capacity improvement actions. Implement the network security foundation strengthening project, and realize the annual publication and timely update of the "Information System Security Responsibility List". Fully implement the "ledger-style" management and account supervision mechanism of network and data security risks. Achieve full coverage of the three-level system level assessment of the ministry, and complete the iterative upgrade of the network monitoring and early warning system. Improve the industry's network security information notification mechanism, and share vulnerability information and threat intelligence in a timely manner. Organize and implement network security real-network attack and defense drills, and strengthen the application and promotion of commercial encryption. Strengthen the protection of important data and personal information in the postal and express delivery industry. Optimize and improve the statistical system of transportation energy consumption, and promote the update of transportation carbon emission accounting data. Ensure that all data of the operational highway emergency reserve centers are connected to the ministerial system. Continue to deepen statistical reform, consolidate and improve the flat, direct-reporting data collection system linking transport enterprises to source-level data networks. Explore and gradually promote the use of administrative and operational records to directly generate statistical data, continuously enhancing statistical efficiency and data accuracy, and resolutely preventing data falsification and manipulation. Strengthen the analytical capacity for transport sector economic performance, further extend the statistical value chain, proactively integrate statistics into industry management, and provide stronger support for decision-making. Establish a data collection mechanism for the evaluation indicators of a strong transportation country and the evaluation of the construction of a comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network, and carry out annual calculations. | |||||
| Guidelines for Autonomous Vehicle Transportation Safety Services (Trial) | 2023 | Autonomous vehicles engaged in road transport operations should have the function of recording, storing and transmitting vehicle operation status information, and transmit key operation status information to autonomous transport operators and relevant competent authorities at the place of operation in real time. When a vehicle accident occurs or the autonomous driving function fails, the operation status information of at least 90 seconds before the accident should be automatically recorded and stored. Operation status information includes but is not limited to the following 10 items: vehicle identification (frame number or vehicle license plate information, etc.); vehicle control mode; vehicle position; vehicle speed, acceleration, driving direction and other motion status; environmental perception and response status; vehicle lights and signals real-time status; vehicle external 360-degree video monitoring; in-vehicle video and voice monitoring reflecting the driver and human-machine interaction status; remote control commands received by the vehicle (if any) and vehicle failure conditions (if any). | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Improve the Beidou-based international road transport management and service information system, and promote information exchange and sharing with customs, immigration border inspection, public security traffic management and other departments. Relying on the industry information system, integrate information such as administrative licenses, administrative penalties, law enforcement inspections, quality and reputation assessments, service quality complaints, and production safety accidents, strengthen the exchange and sharing of credit information with relevant departments, improve the "one-household" credit files of industry enterprises and practitioners, and lay a solid data foundation for credit supervision. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Plan for Aviation Logistics | 2022 | Improve aviation logistics data governance. Promote the establishment of sound aviation logistics data governance standards and improve the indicator system that meets the requirements of high-quality development. Formulate standards for key data items and data catalog lists for aviation logistics, standardize data sources and data quality requirements, ensure data accuracy and timeliness, etc. Promote the establishment of aviation logistics data sharing, evaluation and supervision mechanisms, and realize data classification and open sharing. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Strengthen data openness and sharing. Enhance the hierarchical and categorized management of transportation data. Further improve the mechanisms and channels for open access and exchange of transportation data resources, establish standardized regulations for data openness, and promote the compliant opening and shared use of data resources when conditions permit. Strengthen security management of transportation data, improve the security protection system based on data classification and categorization, develop safety standards for the application of intelligent transportation data, standardize activities such as data collection, processing, and usage, and enhance the protection of important data and personal information. | |||||
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | Improve the green transportation statistical system, and promote the collection of energy consumption, carbon emissions and pollutant emissions data for highway, water transport, urban passenger transport, etc. Encourage the coordination of existing monitoring capabilities, and use online monitoring systems and big data technologies to build monitoring and evaluation systems. | x | x | x | x | |
| Implementation Opinions on Further Improving the Service Capabilities of Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure | 2022 | Accelerate the establishment of a national, provincial, and municipal three-level supervision platform system. Expand the scope of the supervision platform to cover the city, gradually build a national, provincial, and municipal three-level charging facility supervision platform system that is vertically connected and horizontally coordinated, improve data services, safety supervision, operation analysis and other functions, and promote the exchange and sharing of cross-platform safety warning information. Accelerate the data integration of the charging facility supervision platform and the new energy vehicle monitoring platform, and explore the construction of an integrated vehicleg-points supervision system. The government supervision platform should maintain an impartial stance and regularly release the operation status of the province's charging infrastructure to the public. | |||||
| National Highway Network Plan | 2022 | Promote the digital transformation of all elements and the entire cycle of national highways, realize the integrated management of data resources, strengthen the dynamic collection, update and sharing of data, promote the synchronous planning and construction of building information models and road network perception networks, and incorporate the information collection infrastructure into the unified planning and construction of highway projects. | x | ||||
| Outline of the Medium- and Long-Term Development Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation (2021-2035) | 2022 | A basic information big data platform will be established to comprehensively promote preventive maintenance technology. | |||||
| Digital Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2021 | The framework for a comprehensive transport big data center system has been basically established, with large-scale and systematic industry big data taking shape and significant progress achieved in data openness. Improve the architecture of the comprehensive transportation information platform at the ministry and provincial levels, promote the construction of the comprehensive transportation big data center system, strengthen the integration and sharing, comprehensive development and intelligent application of data resources, and create a comprehensive transportation "data brain". Build a strong comprehensive transportation information platform. Adhere to the "one platform" perspective, deepen the construction of the national comprehensive transportation information platform, coordinate and intensively build the platform infrastructure, data resources and network security system, promote the co-construction and sharing, intelligent collaboration and iterative improvement of various business application systems, and effectively enhance the dynamic control of comprehensive transportation operations and emergency command capabilities. Encourage and support local transportation authorities to coordinate the construction of comprehensive transportation information platforms, and achieve interconnection with the national comprehensive transportation information platform to build a national integrated coordination The same comprehensive transportation information platform. Build a comprehensive transportation big data center system to effectively support the realization of the functions of the comprehensive transportation information platform. Promote the effective aggregation and integration of transportation data resources at the ministry and provincial levels, and promote the formation of a high-quality, wide-coverage, and comprehensive transportation core database. Build an architecture system with the National Comprehensive Transportation Big Data Center as the hub, covering and connecting provincial comprehensive transportation big data centers. Strengthen the governance of transportation big data and achieve data quality control throughout the life cycle. Further improve the sharing mechanism and exchange channels of transportation information resources to achieve the sharing and use of relevant data resources. Study and formulate institutional norms for the openness and effective flow of transportation public data, and promote the opening of public data resources that are ripe in accordance with laws and regulations and the joint development and utilization of government and enterprises. Deepen the application of high-resolution earth observation systems. Improve the basic security protection level. Strictly implement the graded protection system, strengthen the management of information system security construction, and network security testing and evaluation. Strengthen the research on industry network security policies and standards, improve the information notification system, and establish risk reporting, intelligence sharing, and judgment and disposal mechanisms. Strengthen the protection of important data and personal information. Establish and improve the industry data security protection system, strengthen data classification and classification management, strengthen the construction of data disaster recovery and backup systems, strengthen the protection of citizens' personal information, and strictly control the types and scale of information collection. Actively respond to the risks associated with new technologies and new applications, clarify risk response measures, and improve risk prevention and control capabilities. | |||||
| New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035) | 2021 | Promote efficient collaboration of "people-vehicle-road-cloud" linked by data. | x | ||||
| Intellegent Automobile innovation and development strategy | 2020 | Build a national intelligent vehicle big data cloud control basic platform. Make full use of existing facilities and data resources to coordinate the construction of an intelligent vehicle big data cloud control basic platform. Focus on developing and building logically coordinated and physically dispersed cloud computing centers, standard unified, open and shared basic data centers, risk-controlled, safe and reliable cloud control basic software, and gradually realize the integration and application of basic data in the fields of vehicles, infrastructure, and traffic environment. | x | ||||
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Healthy Development of the Taxi Industry | 2016 | Strengthen network and information security protection, establish and improve data security management systems, collect, use and protect personal information in accordance with the law, and do not disclose sensitive information involving national security. The collected personal information and generated business data should be stored and used in mainland China. | x | x |
Development of EV plan/policy
| New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035) | 2021 | Formulate specific measures to incorporate R&D investment in new energy vehicles into the assessment system for state-owned enterprises. Accelerate the improvement of policies and regulations adapted to the development requirements of intelligent connected vehicles, such as road traffic, accident liability, and data use. Accelerate the promotion of legislation on power battery recycling. Deeply implement the national intellectual property strategy and encourage researchers to develop high-value core intellectual property achievements in the field of new energy vehicles. Strictly implement the intellectual property protection system and increase law enforcement efforts against infringement. Build an intellectual property operation service system for new energy vehicles, strengthen the construction of patent application and transformation platforms, and establish a patent operation model of mutual benefit, sharing, and win-win cooperation. | x | ||||
| Financial Subsidy Policy for the Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles (2020) | 2020 | According to resource advantages, industrial foundation and other conditions, reasonably formulate the development plan of the new energy vehicle industry, strengthen the seriousness of the plan, and ensure the implementation of the plan. | x | ||||
| Mid- to Long-term Development Plan for the Automotive Industry | 2017 | Release and implement a technology roadmap for energy-saving and new energy vehicles, and intelligent connected vehicles, and clarify short-, medium-, and long-term goals. | x |
Development of air pollution plan/ policy
| Action Plan for Large-Scale Equipment Renewal in Transportation | 2024 | Promote the promulgation of departmental regulations such as the "Management Measures for the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution from Railway Diesel Locomotives", establish a mandatory scrapping management system based on the service life, pollution emissions, and safety performance of locomotives, clarify that the service life of old railway diesel locomotives is 30 years, build a locomotive exhaust pollutant emission inspection system, and strengthen the dynamic tracking and management of locomotive operation status and exhaust pollutants. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Implement the ship air pollutant emission control zone system. Improve the long-term mechanism for ship and port pollution prevention and control in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. | x | ||||
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | In terms of pollution prevention and control, cooperate in formulating and revising standards for sewage and exhaust emission limits for facilities and equipment such as ports, operating vehicles and ships, service areas, and automobile repairs; | x | x | |||
| Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Nation | 2019 | Fight the tough battle of diesel truck pollution control, coordinate the management of oil, roads and vehicles, and effectively prevent and control air pollution in road transportation. | x |
Development of automotive plan/ policy
| Intellegent Automobile innovation and development strategy | 2020 | Improve laws and regulations. Conduct research on legal issues and ethical norms such as the identification of "machine drivers" of intellegent vehicles, confirmation of responsibilities, network security, and data management, and clarify the legal rights, obligations, and responsibilities of relevant entities. Promote the introduction of laws and regulations to regulate the testing, access, use, and supervision of intellegent vehicles, and promote the revision and improvement of laws and regulations such as the Road Traffic Safety Law. Improve laws and regulations on surveying and mapping geographic information. Improve technical standards: -Build a Chinese standard system for intellegent vehicles. Focus on formulating technical standards and specifications for key vehicle systems, basic maps for smart cars, basic cloud control platforms, safety protection, and intelligent infrastructure, as well as vehicle wireless communication technology standards and equipment interface specifications for the coordinated "human-vehicle-road-cloud" system. -Establish intellegent vehicles classification and evaluation criteria, formulate smart car product certification, operational safety, and autonomous driving capability testing standards, and improve simulation scenarios, closed venues, semi-open venues, and public road testing methods. -Formulate standards for human-machine control conversion, vehicle-road interaction, vehicle-to-vehicle interaction and event recording, and vehicle accident product defect investigation. Promulgate the intellegent vehicles identification management measures to strengthen the identity authentication, real-time tracking and event tracing of intellegent vehicles. | x |
Development of aviation plan/policy
| Implementation Plan for Innovative Application of General Aviation Equipment (2024-2030) | 2024 | Fully combine the development characteristics of the general aviation industry, and research and develop airport construction standards suitable for the development of the general aviation industry. | x | ||||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Research and formulate sustainable aviation fuel application plans and aviation carbon market implementation plans. | x | ||||
| The People's Republicof ChinaThird Biennial Update Reporton Climate Change | 2023 | In 2018, theCivil Aviation Administration of China issued the Interim Measures for theAdministration of Monitoring, Reporting and Verification of Carbon DioxideEmissions from Civil Aviation Flight Activities, which encourages and standardizesthe reporting of GHG emissions by enterprises of the industries involved, and lays animportant foundation for relevant enterprises' participation in the market-based emission reduction mechanisms at home and abroad. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Plan for Aviation Logistics | 2022 | Issue relevant specifications and standards for the development of aviation cold chain logistics. Carry out research on standards and specifications related to special cargo transportation, and form a management system for the transportation of general cargo and special cargo. Support the exploration of drone logistics. Promote the construction of civil unmanned aviation test bases (experiment areas), explore the characteristics and laws of civil unmanned aviation operation and development, and study and compile unmanned aviation management regulations, normative documents and technical standards systems. Focus on drone logistics, establish general aviation logistics regulations and standards to achieve coordination between airworthiness and operation, verification and management. Accelerate the introduction of support policies to promote the development of aviation cold chain and dangerous goods transportation, and establish a normalized and standardized green channel mechanism based on the transportation characteristics of e-commerce express, cold chain transportation, and supply chain logistics. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year" Civil Aviation Development Plan | 2021 | Establish and improve civil aviation policy standards that are consistent with the implementation of efficient resource utilization, environmental governance, and ecological safety requirements. Enhance the reflection of green development requirements in the formulation of various professional policies and standards. Improve aviation carbon emission reduction management systems. Rationally formulate pathways and phased emission reduction targets for civil aviation carbon peak and carbon neutrality. Promote the establishment of a market mechanism for aviation carbon emission reduction that aligns with national conditions and the industry's stage of development, and actively participate in the development of a national carbon market. Support the development of a carbon emission management and evaluation mechanism for Chinese airports, and encourage qualified airports to develop near-zero-carbon airports and terminals. | x |
Development of biofuel plan/policy
| The People's Republicof China Fourth National Communication on Climate Change | 2023 | The 13th Five-Year Plan on Biomass Energy Development has been issued, accordingtowhich China has promoted biomass power generation in an orderly manner. |
Development of climate change/ low carbon plan/ policy
| Action Plan for Improving Transportation Standards (2024-2027) | 2024 | Formulate carbon emission accounting for express logistics, energy-saving and low-carbon evaluation standards for road transport enterprises, and technical standards for near-zero-carbon transportation facilities such as freight hubs (logistics parks), highway service areas, and port operation areas. | x | ||||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Research and formulate the annual assessment method for green and low-carbon development of the highway and waterway industries, the carbon emission accounting method for the highway and waterway industries, etc. Optimize and improve the statistical system of transportation energy consumption, and promote the update of transportation carbon emission accounting data. | x | x | |||
| National Carbon Peak Pilot Construction Plan | 2023 | 100 typical and representative cities and parks across the country will be selected to carry out carbon peak pilot construction, focusing on breaking the bottlenecks constraining green and low-carbon development, stimulating local initiative and creativity, and accelerating the green transformation of development methods by promoting pilot tasks, implementing key projects, and innovating policy mechanisms. We will explore carbon peak paths for cities and parks with different resource endowments and development bases, provide the country with operational, replicable and popularizable experience and practices, and help achieve the carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals. By 2025, the pilot cities and industrial parks will have made positive progress in carbon peak and carbon neutrality, the policy mechanisms conducive to green and low-carbon development within the pilot scope will have been basically established, a number of operational, replicable and popularizable innovative measures and reform experiences will have been initially formed, the carbon peak paths for cities and industrial parks with different resource endowments, development bases and industrial structures will have been basically clear, and the pilot's demonstration and leading role in the country's carbon peak and carbon neutrality work will have gradually become apparent. By 2030, the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development in pilot cities and industrial parks will have made significant progress, key tasks, major projects, and important reforms will have been completed as scheduled, policy mechanisms conducive to green and low-carbon development will have been fully established within the pilot scope, and relevant innovative measures and reform experiences will have a significant driving effect on other cities and parks, playing an important supporting role in achieving the country's carbon peak target, and laying a good practical foundation for promoting carbon neutrality. | |||||
| The People's Republicof China Fourth National Communication on Climate Change | 2023 | China will resolutely implement the declarations of President Xi Jinping; roll out actionplans for peaking CO2 emissions before 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality before 2060. | x | ||||
| The People's Republicof ChinaThird Biennial Update Reporton Climate Change | 2023 | China amended the Law on the PreventionandControl of Atmospheric Pollution of the People's Republic of China in 2015andadded specific provisions, which has provided a legal basis for the coordinated control of air pollutants and GHGs and reduction of pollution and carbon emissions. Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE) has released a series of plans and schemes including the Guiding Opinions on Integrating and StrengtheningEfforts in Climate Action and Ecological and Environmental Protection andtheImplementation Plan for Synergistic Efficiency of Pollution Reduction and CarbonReduction, which are in line with the Beautiful China Initiative and the national targets of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. | |||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Establish a low-carbon transformation policy system. Under the framework of the Action Plan for Peaking Carbon Emissions in Transportation, research and formulate low-carbon transformation policy measures in areas such as passenger transportation, freight transportation, and urban transportation. Establish a sharing mechanism for important basic data such as transportation equipment and transportation activities, improve the monitoring, reporting, and verification system for energy consumption and carbon emissions in the transportation service sector, and lay the foundation for the research and formulation of a carbon trading system in the transportation service sector. Strengthen supervision and management of key enterprises, establish a carbon emission reduction assessment and evaluation system and a management performance incentive system for the transportation industry, promote carbon emission verification of key transportation enterprises and certification of low-carbon transportation enterprises, and establish an incentive mechanism for energy efficiency leaders in transportation enterprises. | |||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Implement actions for the green and low-carbon transition of the transport sector. Develop methodologies and accounting rules for carbon emissions statistics in transportation, strengthen the foundational work on carbon emission data and accounting, and establish a carbon emission monitoring platform for the transport sector. Promote the development of near-zero carbon transport demonstration zones. Establish incentive and constraint mechanisms for green and low-carbon transportation, and improve traffic and parking management measures by category. Establish an incentive and constraint mechanism for green and low-carbon transportation, and classify and improve measures such as traffic management and parking management. | |||||
| China's submission to the global stocktake | 2022 | The Report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has pointed out the direction to further efforts in addressing climate change. China will actively and steadily promote carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. Achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality is a broad and profound economic and social systemic change. In the next step, Chian will continue to actively implement the national climate strategy, and focus on the implementation of the relevant arrangements of the Report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Make green and low-carbon development an important part of national economic and social development planning. Integrate emission control targets into China's 14th Five-Year Plan and the Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035, and require all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) to take green and low-carbon development as an important part of their 14th Five-Year Plan, and clarify specific goals and tasks. The establishment of the “1+N” policy package for Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality provides a sufficient guarantee for achieving the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. “1” is the theoretical guidance and top-level design constituted by two documents “Working Guidance for Carbon Dioxide Peaking and Carbon Neutrality in Full and Faithful Implementation of the New Development Philosophy” and “Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking Before 2030” released in 2021, which clearly define the timetable, roadmap, and blueprint for achieving China's dual carbon goals. “N” is a series of implementation plans for key fields, such as energy, production, construction, transportation, agriculture, pollution reduction and carbon reduction, as well as key industries, such as coal, oil and natural gas, steel, non-ferrous metals, petrochemicals, and building materials, along with technological, financial, statistical and human capital safeguard measures. | |||||
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | Continue to formulate and release a catalogue of key energy-saving and low-carbon technologies in the transportation industry, focus on selecting a number of energy-saving and low-carbon technologies with great emission reduction potential and a wide range of applications. In terms of energy conservation and carbon reduction, formulate and revise standards for energy consumption limit access for operating vehicles and ships and port machinery and equipment, technical requirements for new energy and fuel cell operating vehicles, and green operation of urban rail transit. Formulate policy documents such as the green and low-carbon development action plan for transportation. Coordinate the research on carbon emission reduction and carbon peak paths, major policies and key technologies in the transportation sector. | x | x | x | ||
| National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy 2035 | 2022 | The CPC Central Committee and the State Council released the “Working Guidance for Carbon Dioxide Peaking and Carbon Neutrality in Full and Faithful Implementation of the New Development Philosophy” and “Action Plan for Carbon Peak Before 2030” and moved forward to put in place a “1+N” policy framework. | |||||
| "14th Five-Year" Civil Aviation Development Plan | 2021 | Improve the mechanism for publishing the Civil Aviation Green Development Blue Book, regularly publish the energy and water efficiency of airlines and airports, and promote international benchmarking. | x | ||||
| China's Mid-Century Long-Term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development Strategy | 2021 | At the same time, China will promote the establishment of science-based mechanisms for reducing GHGs emission from international shipping and aviation. Formulate and issue implementation plans for achieving carbon peaking in sub-sectors such as energy, industry, urban and rural construction, transportation, agriculture and rural affairs. Formulate policy systems from technological support, green finance, fiscal and taxation, and price perspectives. | x | x | |||
| Promote the development of multimodal transport, optimize and adjust the transport structure Work Program (2021-2025) | 2021 | Formulate carbon emission reduction policies to promote the development of multimodal transport and the adjustment of transport structure, and encourage local governments to introduce policies to support the coordination of multiple modes of transport, improve comprehensive transport efficiency, and facilitate the passage of new energy and clean energy vehicles and ships. | x | x | x | ||
| China First NDC (Updated submission) | 2021 | At present, in order to well execute tasks for CO2 emission peak and carbon neutrality, China is formulating and issuing relevant policy documents, including the Opinions on Full, Accurate and Comprehensive Implementation of New Development Philosophy to Well Execute Tasks for CO2 Emission Peak and Carbon Neutrality and the Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030, as well as carbon peak plans and supporting plans of key industries and sectors. With these, China is structuring a “1+N” policy system for CO2 emission peak and carbon neutrality, so as to provide strong support for achieving CO2 emission peak and carbon neutrality as scheduled. Improve green transportation system and standards. System guarantees have been refined for energy conservation and environmental protection, GHG emissions control, and ecological progress in the transportation sector. The Green Transportation Standard System (2016) was released, which contains 221 standards covering energy conservation and carbon reduction, ecological protection, pollution control, resource recycling, testing and assessment, and supervision. In order to fulfill the NDC commitments in the new situation, China will develop the National Strategy for Climate Change Adaptation 2035 based on experiences in post-2015 policy practice. | |||||
| The People's Republic of China Second Biennial Update Report on Climate Change | 2018 | In the Outline of the 13th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development (hereinafter referred to as Outline of the 13th FYP), it is clearly stated that China would strive to increase green and low carbon in production and consumption, exert active control on carbon emission and include the target of decreasing carbon intensity by 18% as a binding indicator in the indicator system of economic and social development during the 13th FYP period; in GHG Control in 13th FYP, it is clearly set out that China would make efforts to improve guidance on low carbon development, promote energy and industry revolution, boost supply-side structural reform and consumption transformation, promote balanced regional development, determine provincial carbon emission control target based on factors of development stage, resource and advantage, strategic positioning of each province (autonomous region, municipality), and require each province (autonomous region, municipality) to include large drop of carbon emission intensity into their economic and social development plans, annual plans and government work reports. | |||||
| China's First NDC Submission | 2016 | Implement a national strategy to actively respond to climate change. Strengthen the legal system for responding to climate change. Incorporate action targets for responding to climate change into the national economic and social development plan, and study and formulate a long-term low-carbon development strategy and roadmap. Implement the National Plan for Response to Climate Change (2014-2020) and provincial special plans. Deepen the pilot projects in low-carbon provinces and cities, carry out pilot projects in low-carbon cities (towns) and low-carbon industrial parks, low-carbon communities, low-carbon businesses, and low-carbon transportation, explore distinctive low-carbon development models, and study effective ways to control carbon emissions in different types of regions and cities. |
Development of logistics plan/policy
| Action Plan to Effectively Reduce Logistics Costs in the Whole Society | 2024 | Improve the flexible adjustment mechanism of railway freight prices and the settlement mechanism of railway transportation proceeds, and establish a railway logistics service price system. Research and issue technical standards for the storage and transportation of large-capacity energy storage batteries and large-size photovoltaic modules, and optimize and improve the safety management specifications for lithium battery transportation. | x | ||||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Formulate the "Implementation Plan for the Postal and Express Industry to Implement the Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of a National Unified Market". Issue the "Implementation Opinions on Promoting Green and Low-Carbon Development of the Postal and Express Industry". | |||||
| 14th Five Year Plan for Aviation Logistics | 2022 | Cooperate with customs to establish a joint working mechanism and speed up the implementation of the "Memorandum of Strategic Cooperation on Promoting Customs Clearance Facilitation at Aviation Ports". | x | ||||
| Promote the development of multimodal transport, optimize and adjust the transport structure Work Program (2021-2025) | 2021 | Accelerate the improvement of the legal system and standards. Promote the establishment of a legal system that is compatible with multimodal transport and further clarify the legal relationship between the parties. Accelerate the formulation and revision of standards for multimodal transport hub facilities, equipment and technology, make up for the shortcomings of domestic standards, and strengthen the connection with international rules. Actively participate in the research and formulation of relevant standards and rules for international multimodal transport to better reflect China's ideas and propositions. | x | x | x | ||
| Circular of the General Office of the State Council on Strengthening the Control of Overloading and Overloading of Vehicles | 2008 | All regions and relevant departments must improve transport emergency plans and rapid response mechanisms, ensure the smooth transport of key materials such as coal, and ensure the unimpeded operation of "green channels" for agricultural and sideline products. | x |
Development of national development plan/ policy
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Improve the planning system for a strong transportation nation, thoroughly implement the "two outlines", steadily promote the implementation of the "14th Five-Year Plan" series of transportation plans and mid-term evaluation and adjustment, and carry out the preparation of the "15th Five-Year Plan" transportation plan. Strengthen the management of transportation development strategies, medium- and long-term plans, five-year plans, three-year rolling plans, and annual investment plans, and establish and improve the institutional rules for the preparation, implementation, evaluation, and adjustment of transportation planning. |
Development of national energy plan/ policy
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Integrated Development of Transportation and Energy | 2025 | Promote the connection and interaction of transportation and energy infrastructure planning. In relevant national plans, strengthen the comprehensive development and utilization of clean energy in the transportation field. Study and conduct a census of new energy resources along the transportation infrastructure. Coordinate the natural endowment, energy demand, construction conditions and other factors of clean energy, promote the formulation of provincial-level transportation infrastructure clean energy development and utilization plans, and connect them with relevant national and provincial plans. | |||||
| The People's Republicof China Fourth National Communication on Climate Change | 2023 | The National Development and Reform Commission and the National EnergyAdministration have introduced documents to promote the sound development of hydropower, including the 13th Five-Year Plan on Hydropower Development (2016-2020), the Guidance on Encouraging Social Capital Investment in Hydropower, the Circular onImplementing Environmental Protection Requirements in the Planning and Constructionof Pumped Storage Hydropower Stations and the Guide for Benefit SharinginHydropower Development. As laid out in its 13th Five-Year Plan on Wind Power Development and the 13th Five-Year Plan on Solar Power Development, China has promoted wind power and photovoltaic baseconstruction on the basis of well-planned distribution and commercialization. In 2017, national authorities jointlyissued the Opinions on Advancing Supply-side Structural Reform to Prevent and AddressExcess Coal Power Production Capacity. In 2019, the National Development and ReformCommission (NDRC) and the National Energy Administration issued Opinions onAdvancing Supply-side Structural Reform to Further Eliminate Outdated Coal Power Capacity to Facilitate Optimization and Upgrades in the Coal Power Sector. China has been working hard to improve modes of energy consumption to enhance energyefficiency in industrial sectors. In 2016, the NDRC and the National EnergyAdministration jointly issued the Energy Supply and Consumption Revolution Strategy(2016-2030), which proposed launching a special campaign on electric power demand-side management in industrial sectors, drawing up guidelines, and creatingandspreading exemplary experience in transport, construction and commerce, among other sectors. | |||||
| China's submission to the global stocktake | 2022 | Establish a new strategy for energy security, promote energy consumption revolution, supply revolution, technological revolution, and institutional revolution, strengthen international cooperation in an all-round way, give priority to the development of non-fossil energy, promote the green development of hydropower, comprehensively coordinate the development of wind power and solar power. | |||||
| The People's Republic of China Second Biennial Update Report on Climate Change | 2018 | To promote an active development of renewable energy and a steady development of nuclear power generation, China has printed and distributed a series of plans during the 13th FYP period on the development of renewable energy, hydropower, wind power, solar power, and biomass, geothermal energy and nuclear industry, with specific development goals, schemes and arrangements, and construction highlights for non-fossil energy during the 13th FYP period. China's energy development plan during the 13th FYP period set out goals to accelerate the development of low-carbon fossil energy, to promote the revolution of natural gas pricing | |||||
| China's First NDC Submission | 2016 | Actively implement the "China National Plan on Response to Climate Change", the "12th Five-Year Plan for Controlling Greenhouse Gas Emissions", the "12th Five-Year Plan for Comprehensive Work on Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction", the "12th Five-Year Plan for Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction", the "2014-2015 Energy Conservation, Emission Reduction and Low-Carbon Development Action Plan" and the "National Plan on Response to Climate Change (2014-2020)". |
Development of other transport-related plan/ policy
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Strengthen the construction of major scientific and technological infrastructure in the transportation industry, complete the optimization and integration of the industry's scientific and technological innovation platform, formulate and revise the "Management Measures for Key Laboratories in the Transportation Industry" and other management systems. Improve the industry's network security information notification mechanism, and share vulnerability information and threat intelligence in a timely manner. Strengthen data classification and classification protection, formulate the "Important Data Catalog of Highway and Waterway Transportation" and the "Ministry of Transport Data Security Management Measures", and achieve full coverage of important data security inspections. Promote the implementation of the "Railway Critical Information Infrastructure Security Plan (2022-2025)", and study and formulate the "Railway Critical Information Infrastructure Security Protection Management Measures". Implement the road and waterway critical information infrastructure protection capacity improvement project, issue the road and waterway critical information infrastructure security plan, formulate the "Road and Waterway Critical Information Infrastructure Security Protection Management Measures", and achieve full coverage of critical information infrastructure on-site inspections. |
Development of public transport plan/ policy
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Improve the urban public transportation laws and policies system, and promote the introduction of comprehensive development policies for urban public transportation land. | x |
Development of rail plan/ policy
| Action Plan for Large-Scale Equipment Renewal in Transportation | 2024 | Promote the promulgation of departmental regulations such as the "Management Measures for the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution from Railway Diesel Locomotives", establish a mandatory scrapping management system based on the service life, pollution emissions, and safety performance of locomotives, clarify that the service life of old railway diesel locomotives is 30 years, build a locomotive exhaust pollutant emission inspection system, and strengthen the dynamic tracking and management of locomotive operation status and exhaust pollutants. | x | ||||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Strengthen the safety supervision of railway facilities and equipment, and promulgate the "Regulations on the Supervision and Management of Railway Equipment Quality and Safety", "Regulations on the Supervision and Management of Railway Locomotive and Vehicle Operation Quality and Safety", "Technical Standards for EMU Maintenance", etc. | x | ||||
| Opinions on Further Improving the Work of Railway Planning and Construction | 2021 | The national railway development plan includes the medium- and long-term railway plan and the five-year railway development plan. The medium- and long-term railway plan mainly clarifies the development strategy, network framework, channel functions, etc., determines the spatial layout of infrastructure, and leaves room for the long-term development of railways. The five-year railway development plan mainly clarifies the development tasks, project arrangements, construction standards, etc., and arranges the phased work of railway planning and construction. The national railway development plan should reasonably layout modern comprehensive transportation hubs, optimize the structure of high-speed railways and conventional railways, and promote the coordinated development of passenger and freight transportation. All localities should formulate regional railway development plans such as intercity, suburban railways and submit them for approval in accordance with the national railway development plan and the principle of demand orientation and benefit-oriented. | x | x |
Development of road plan/ policy
| China's Green Development in the New Era | 2023 | China has initiated a special program for the construction of green highways, and the recycling of waste road surface materials. | x | ||||
| National Highway Network Plan | 2022 | Based on this plan, the Ministry of Transport shall, in consultation with the National Development and Reform Commission and other relevant departments, formulate and implement a five-year highway development plan, optimize national highway project construction plans, and implement planning objectives and tasks. | x |
Development of shipping/ maritime/ inland water transport (IWT) plan/ policy
| Opinions on promoting high-quality development of inland waterway transportation | 2025 | The Yangtze River Delta Inland Shipping High-quality Development Pilot Zone has been basically completed. Accelerate the elimination of high-energy-consuming and high-emission old transport ships, and study and formulate the "Ship Exhaust Smoke Limits and Measurement Methods". Encourage the implementation of support policies such as priority berthing and priority lock passing for new energy and clean energy ships. Improve the legal and regulatory system, promote the revision of the "Port Law of the People's Republic of China", "Waterway Management Regulations of the People's Republic of China", and "Inland Waterway Traffic Safety Management Regulations of the People's Republic of China", and promote the improvement of the local water transport regulations system. | x | ||||
| Opinions on Strengthening the Planning and Construction of Coastal and Inland Ports and Waterways in the New Era | 2024 | Based on the superior planning, organize the preparation of port and waterway layout plans for key regions such as the Yangtze River Delta, Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao, as well as provincial-level ports. Provinces with both sea and river infrastructure should coordinate the coordinated development of coastal and inland waterways, as well as ports and waterways. In principle, the 11 major ports newly included in the national plan should prepare port master plans by 2025. The preparation of each port master plan should coordinate the intensive and optimized utilization of existing port facilities and the scientific planning of incremental port resources. A combination of rigid and flexible planning methods should be explored, and environmental impact assessments should be conducted in accordance with regulations. Provincial-level transportation authorities should benchmark against the national plan and organize research on medium- and long-term port and shipping infrastructure development tasks (through 2035). The Ministry will support the inclusion of key projects within these tasks in relevant national strategies and plans, and use them as an important basis for formulating the industry's five-year development plan. Coastal ports should focus on specialized terminals for key cargo categories, multimodal port areas, and the optimal utilization of existing facilities, rationally determining construction goals, key projects, and phased implementation plans. | x | ||||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Speed up the research and drafting of the revision of administrative regulations such as the Port Law, the Regulations on International Shipping, the Regulations on Inland Waterway Traffic Safety Management, the Regulations on Waterway Management, the Regulations on Maritime Ranks, and the Style and Wearing Methods of Maritime Rank Insignia. | x |
Development of transport adaptation/ emergency/ disaster/ recovery plan/ policy
| Action Plan for Improving Transportation Standards (2024-2027) | 2024 | Accelerate the formulation and revision of standards for emergency response of urban public buses and trams to improve the level of urban passenger transportation safety management. Formulate standards for monitoring, early warning and emergency response of transportation facilities, and enhance safety emergency support capabilities. | x | x | x | x | |
| Implementation Plan for Innovative Application of General Aviation Equipment (2024-2030) | 2024 | Expand the demonstration and application of aviation emergency rescue. Focus on the four major areas of aviation firefighting, aviation rescue, public health services, and emergency communications/command, and expand the demonstration and application of aviation emergency rescue equipment. Innovate the systematic application model of aviation emergency rescue equipment, strengthen practical training, and promote the construction of an aviation emergency rescue equipment system that is manned and unmanned, high and low, reasonably laid out, and functionally complementary. Accelerate the demonstration and application of drones in the field of emergency rescue. | x | ||||
| China's Rural Roads in the New Era | 2024 | China has promulgated the Guidelines on Further Improving Disaster Readiness and Mitigation for Rural Road Transport and strengthened the public emergency management mechanisms for rural roads, ensuring better response to public emergencies, road safety incidents, and natural disasters. Building upon the national equipment and material reserve centers for highway emergency response in different regions, China has made progress in establishing local reserve centers for highway emergency response supplies. As a result, a highway emergency reserve system is taking shape, characterized by well-designed distribution, a full range of supplies, and quick response. | x | ||||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | A comprehensive transportation dispatch and emergency command system has been built, and the construction of comprehensive emergency command platforms for transportation at all levels has been promoted. 36 national regional highway transportation emergency equipment and material reserve centers have been basically completed, promoting the application of digital technology in the field of highway transportation emergency. Accelerate the construction of projects such as Sanya Rescue Airport, Tianjin Flight Base, Dongying Rescue Base, and Ningde Rescue Base, and carry out the expansion project of Haikou Rescue Base and the site selection and project establishment of Wanning Emergency Rescue and Salvage Comprehensive Base. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Improve the comprehensive transportation emergency transport network, build an emergency transport big data center, and promote information interconnection and sharing. Coordinate the construction of emergency rescue capabilities on land, water and aviation, and build a multi-level comprehensive transportation emergency transport capacity reserve system. | |||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Improve the comprehensive transportation emergency management system and mechanism, improve the emergency coordination mechanism and emergency plan system, and strengthen the construction of transportation dispatch and emergency command platforms. Strengthen safety supervision of waterway transportation, enhance navigation support and search-and-rescue capabilities, improve coastal and inland oil spill emergency equipment stockpiles, and build an integrated maritime transport safety assurance system covering land, sea, air, and space domains. | x | ||||
| National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy 2035 | 2022 | By 2035, a relatively sound climatechange impact and risk assessment system on all levels will be established with coverage of all vulnerable areas in the PRC. | |||||
| Outline of the Medium- and Long-Term Development Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation (2021-2035) | 2022 | Focusing on the new trends and new requirements for emergency response to transportation services in a comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network, carry out research and development of technologies such as intelligent safety protection, intelligent risk management, and rapid emergency response in transportation networking, enhancing the emergency response capabilities of transportation safety. | |||||
| Highway Safety Protection Act | 2010 | The transportation administrative departments of people's governments at or above the county level shall formulate emergency response plans for emergencies such as earthquakes, mudslides, rain, snow and freezing disasters that damage highways (hereinafter referred to as highway emergencies) in accordance with the provisions of the Emergency Response Law of the People's Republic of China, and implement them after approval by the people's government at the same level. The state shall establish and improve an emergency material reserve and guarantee system for highway emergencies, and improve the emergency material reserve and allocation system to ensure that the needs of emergency response can be met when highway emergencies occur. | x | ||||
| Circular of the General Office of the State Council on Strengthening the Control of Overloading and Overloading of Vehicles | 2008 | improve transport emergency plans and rapid response mechanisms, ensure the smooth transport of key materials such as coal, and ensure the unimpeded operation of "green channels" for agricultural and sideline products. | x |
Development of transport plan/ policy
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Development of Urban Integrated Transportation Systems | 2023 | Scientifically formulate comprehensive urban transportation system plans. Comprehensive urban transportation system plans are important special plans that coordinate the development of various types of urban transportation infrastructure. Based on a thorough understanding of the current status of various types of transportation infrastructure and scientific assessments, local governments should coordinate the development of existing and new, above-ground and underground, and traditional and new urban transportation infrastructure. They should rationally determine the goals and tasks for developing comprehensive urban transportation systems, focus on optimizing the layout, scale standards, and safety design of urban transportation infrastructure, and improve urban rapid arterial transportation systems, lifestyle distribution transportation systems, and green, slow-moving transportation systems. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Study and deepen the support policies for transport structure adjustment, multimodal transport and passenger intermodal transport development, promotion and application of new energy vehicles, priority development of urban public transportation, and comprehensive development of land for road passenger stations, urban rail transit above-ground and underground space, urban public transportation hubs and road transport stations, and reform of international road transport rights. | x | x | x | ||
| Implementation Plan for New Urbanization in the 14th Five-Year Plan | 2022 | Cultivate modernized Metropolitan Areas in an orderly manner. Relying on super-large and extra-large cities and Type I large cities with strong radiation and driving capabilities, we will promote the integrated development of central cities and surrounding cities (towns), and cultivate and develop urban agglomerations with a 1-hour commuting circle as the basic scope. Formulate and implement the Metropolitan Area development plan and special plans for key areas, and establish and improve a mechanism for promoting the integration of cities with provincial coordination, central cities leading, and surrounding cities coordinating. | x | ||||
| The People's Republic of China Second Biennial Update Report on Climate Change | 2018 | China set up green transportation development systems and frameworks which strongly implemented strategies to give priorities to public transportation, greatly promoted green travel and achieved improvements on energy consumption indexes of most travel modes. | |||||
| Highway Safety Protection Act | 2010 | Highway management agencies and highway operating companies shall set up emergency teams and organize emergency drills regularly in accordance with the emergency plans for highway incidents formulated by the transportation authorities. | x |
Disaster monitoring
| China's Rural Roads in the New Era | 2024 | China has strengthened safety monitoring, early warning, and traffic dispatch for its rural road network, providing dynamic information on weather changes and early warning on disasters, and activating timely preparatory or emergency response. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year" National Road Traffic Safety Plan | 2022 | Improve the reporting and handling system of road traffic emergency information, and strengthen the monitoring and analysis of emergency information such as accidents and disasters. | x | ||||
| National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy 2035 | 2022 | Reinforce climate-risk management of infrastructure and major engineering projects. With the help of new information technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), big data, artificial intelligence and so on, we should strengthen the monitoring and risk warning of climate-change impacts on infrastructure and major engineering projects, controlling the weak links and various risk points and dynamically assessing levels and intensities of risk. We should also implement climate-change risk zoning for infrastructure and major projects to set up a full-chain risk-management system composed of real-time monitoring, information transfer, risk assessment, dynamic dispatch, and effect analysis by adopting differentiated measures and classified policies. | |||||
| Digital Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2021 | Strengthen the structural health and safety risk monitoring of important transportation infrastructure across the country. |
Disaster notification/ early warning system
| China's Nationally Determined Contribution Report 2035 | 2025 | By 2035, climate change monitoring and early warning capabilities will reach internationally advanced levels for the same period. The climate risk management and prevention system will be mature and well-established (🎧 ), and the risks of major and severe climate-related disasters will be effectively controlled and prevented. | |||||
| China's Rural Roads in the New Era | 2024 | Ensuring road access for emergency response. China has strengthened safety monitoring, early warning, and traffic dispatch for its rural road network, providing dynamic information on weather changes and early warning on disasters, and activating timely preparatory or emergency response. The country has put in place a coordinated early warning and response mechanism and a direct warning mechanism for prompt frontline response to imminent disasters, making onsite emergency preparation and evacuation more effective. | x | ||||
| The People's Republicof China Fourth National Communication on Climate Change | 2023 | Conduct climate feasibility studies in key projects and national spatial planningfor early-warning and risk management in extreme climate incidents | |||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Strengthen the safety risk assessment and hierarchical and classified management and control of transportation infrastructure, strengthen the identification of major risk sources and dynamic monitoring, analysis, prediction and early warning of the entire process, build meteorological monitoring and early warning systems in important channels, hubs and shipping areas, and improve the ability of transportation infrastructure to adapt to climate change. | x | x | |||
| National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy 2035 | 2022 | We will strengthen the establishment of climate-change observation networks, enhance monitoring, prediction and early warning, and impact-risk assessment, promote climate risk management and improve comprehensive disaster prevention and reduction capabilities. We will try to achieve early warnings of local strong weather one hour ahead and severe weather one week in advance, improving the release of early-warning information in the interests of risk prevention. Our goal is that the accuracy and refinement of forecasting and prediction will reach advanced international levels by 2035. Strengthen prevention and resolving of major risks. We will enhance the construction of a comprehensive monitoring, early-warning, and assessment system for climate-induced-disaster risks, strengthen the consultation, research, and judgment of comprehensive-disaster-risk situations, and improve comprehensive monitoring, assessment, and early-warning capacity of multi-disaster and disaster-chain risks. Reinforce transportation disaster prevention and emergency support. We should improve the early-warning, prevention and control safety mechanisms of transportation, complete the transportation safety supervision system and the search, rescue and salvage system, as well as establish coordination mechanisms and security planning systems for comprehensive emergency transportation management. | |||||
| National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy 2035 | 2022 | Climate monitoring and early warning systems have been continuously improved. A comprehensive meteorological observation system comprising on-the-ground automatic meteorological stations, radars, and meteorological satellites has been built. A long-time monitor database of disasters involving regional droughts, rainstorms, high temperatures, sand and dust storms, typhoons, extreme snowfalls, low/freezing temperatures, and other meteorological disasters has been established. The construction of a risk survey database is underway. The work of designating areas that are subject to meteorological disasters and risks has been completed. Monitoring networks in forests, waterways, the ocean, the environment in general, and health, and other sectors, are undergoing continuous improvement. China's offshore and South China Sea observation, island and nearshore hydrometeorological monitoring for the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea observation networks have been established. A geological-disaster monitoring, earlywarning and prediction system has been established and measurement and prevention systems at village, township, and county levels has been improved countrywide. Meteorological early warning of geological disasters has been carried out, preliminarily covering all medium- and high-risk areas that are prone to geological disasters. | |||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Highways | 2021 | Promote the upgrading of road network perception and early warning technologies. Gradually build a comprehensive, all-weather, and all-element road network operation perception system, and strengthen automatic perception and proactive early warning of traffic flow, meteorological conditions, emergencies, and illegal overloads. Comprehensively strengthen road network operation monitoring and early warning. Strengthen the construction of road network monitoring facilities to achieve full real-time monitoring coverage of important bridges and tunnels, especially cross-river and cross-sea bridges, and important road intersections. Strengthen traffic operation monitoring and early warning capabilities to provide basic support services for the smooth operation of the road network. Focus on deploying demonstration applications of disaster monitoring and early warning for highway infrastructure in disaster-prone areas, comprehensively establish a structural safety monitoring system covering key structures such as long bridges and tunnels, high slopes, and retaining structures, and enhance disaster risk prevention and control capabilities. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Water Transport | 2021 | Promote the application of Beidou-based sensing terminal equipment and strengthen early warning monitoring of key areas such as shallow and dangerous sections. | x | ||||
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | Strengthen transportation safety risk warning, prevention and control mechanisms and capacity building. | |||||
| Outline for the Development of Inland Waterway Transport | 2020 | Develop monitoring and early warning technologies for maintaining and improving the service performance of infrastructure. | x |
Dry ports
| Action Plan to Effectively Reduce Logistics Costs in the Whole Society | 2024 | Promote the construction of inland ports and reduce the collection and customs clearance costs of inland hubs. | x | ||||
| Promote the development of multimodal transport, optimize and adjust the transport structure Work Program (2021-2025) | 2021 | rationally layout inland dry ports | x | x |
EV - General
| Guidelines for the Scientific Planning and Construction of High-Power Charging Infrastructure | 2025 | For large-capacity and high-rate power battery application scenarios such as electric heavy trucks, electric ships, and electric aircraft, carry out single-gun megawatt-level charging technology research and pilot application. Adhere to the principle of respecting the market and focusing on the long-term, promote the inclusion of high-power charging national standards into the market access conditions for vehicles and charging piles, and carry out vehicle and charging pile interoperability testing and comparative verification for high-power charging national standards. Comprehensively consider market acceptance, product compatibility, technological advancement, and operational safety, and promote the application of high-power charging standards in high-voltage platform passenger vehicles and commercial vehicles such as heavy trucks in a classified manner. | x | x | x | ||
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Integrated Development of Transportation and Energy | 2025 | By 2035, Pure electric vehicles will become the mainstream of new sales vehicles, new energy heavy trucks will be used on a large scale, and the transportation green fuel supply system will be basically established. Accelerate the promotion of new energy vehicles. Accelerate the electrification of vehicles in the public sector, continue to promote the application of new energy vehicles in urban public transportation, taxis, postal express delivery, urban freight distribution, ports, airports and other fields, promote the elimination and renewal of operating vehicles of National IV and below standards, promote the large-scale application of new energy heavy trucks (trucks) according to local conditions, and develop zero-emission freight. By 2027, the proportion of new energy vehicles in new cars will increase year by year, and the production capacity of green fuels for transportation will be significantly improved. | x | ||||
| China's Nationally Determined Contribution Report 2035 | 2025 | New energy vehicles will become the mainstream of new vehicle sales. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Energy Conservation and Carbon Reduction 2024-2025 | 2024 | Gradually cancel restrictions on the purchase of new energy vehicles in various places. Implement support policies such as facilitating the passage of new energy vehicles. Promote the electrification of vehicles in the public sector, orderly promote new energy medium and heavy trucks, and develop zero-emission freight fleets. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Improving Transportation Standards (2024-2027) | 2024 | Promote the widespread use of new energy vehicles. Complete the formulation of standards for battery replacement services for pure electric vehicles, power battery maintenance, after-sales maintenance services for new energy vehicles, and transportation of power lithium batteries. Research and build a standard system that adapts to the development of new energy heavy trucks, support more complete supporting services for new energy vehicles, and create a consumer environment that is more conducive to the development of new energy vehicles. Accelerate the formulation of standards for coolants for electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles, regenerative braking systems for electric buses, electromagnetic compatibility technology, etc., improve the safety level of new energy vehicles, and promote the healthy development of the electric vehicle industry. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Large-Scale Equipment Renewal in Transportation | 2024 | By 2028, the promotion and application of new energy public buses continues to advance; old locomotives in key areas are basically eliminated, and large-scale replacement and application of new energy locomotives are achieved. Urban bus electrification replacement action: Encourage the renewal of old new energy buses and power batteries. Encourage places with conditions to formulate new energy bus and power battery renewal plans based on local conditions on the basis of ensuring the stable operation of urban buses, guide the owners of retired power batteries to sell retired power batteries to comprehensive utilization enterprises, and actively promote small-sized buses, low-floor and low-entry urban buses. Promote new energy trucks in an orderly manner. Encourage local governments to promote the application of new energy trucks in urban logistics distribution, port collection and distribution, trunk logistics and other scenarios in combination with the development characteristics of the road freight industry, regional industrial environment and new energy supply capacity. Encourage local governments with conditions to study and introduce policies such as road rights and supporting infrastructure construction for new energy trucks according to local conditions, and actively explore business models such as vehicle-battery separation. Carry out the renewal of postal express terminal delivery vehicles. Combined with the pilot area of comprehensive electrification of urban public vehicles, guide local governments to formulate new energy vehicle renewal plans according to local conditions and promote them in stages and levels. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Reducing Costs, Improving Quality and Increasing Efficiency of Transportation and Logistics | 2024 | Formulate and improve the transportation service guarantee measures for new energy vehicle power batteries, energy storage batteries, and large-capacity photovoltaic batteries, improve the layout of new energy vehicle port roll-on/roll-off terminals, and actively expand the transportation of new energy vehicle container ships and multi-purpose ships. Deepen the pilot of comprehensive electrification of vehicles in urban public areas. | x | x | x | ||
| Action Plan to Effectively Reduce Logistics Costs in the Whole Society | 2024 | Expand the application of new energy logistics vehicles in urban distribution, postal express delivery and other fields. Study the development path of zero-carbon emission technology for heavy trucks. | x | ||||
| Action plan to promote large-scale equipment renewals and consumer product trade-ins | 2024 | Continue to promote the electrification of urban buses and support the replacement of old new energy buses and power batteries. Support domestic institutions to actively participate in the formulation and revision of international standards, and support the export of key industry standards such as new energy vehicles. | x | ||||
| Guidance on implementing vigorous renewable energy substitution actions | 2024 | Accelerate the development of electric passenger cars, steadily promote the electrification of buses, and explore and promote the application of new energy medium and heavy trucks. | x | ||||
| Opinions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Comprehensively Advancing the Construction of a Beautiful China | 2024 | promote the large-scale application of ultra-low and near-zero emission vehicles and the clean and low-carbon application of non-road mobile machinery. | x | ||||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Increase the promotion and application of new energy vehicles. Promote the application of new energy, clean energy, and renewable energy in medium and heavy trucks and other transport equipment. | x | ||||
| Implementation Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Charging Infrastructure to Better Support the Deployment of New Energy Vehicles to Rural Areas and Rural Revitalization | 2023 | New energy vehicle companies are encouraged to develop more economical and practical models, especially new energy cargo microvans, micro trucks, light trucks and other products, based on the characteristics of consumers in rural areas, through differentiated strategies and optimized configurations. Accelerate the promotion and application of new energy vehicles in county and township party and government organs, schools, hospitals, and other units, increase the proportion of new energy vehicles used in official vehicles according to local conditions, and play a leading and exemplary role. Encourage localities with conditions to increase support for the application of new energy vehicles in public transportation, road passenger transportation, taxis, law enforcement, sanitation, logistics and distribution, and other fields. Actively promote through news reports, expert comments, and new Internet media, support local governments and industry organizations in organizing new energy vehicle manufacturers to carry out brand exhibitions, test rides and other activities, encourage new energy vehicle companies to work with upstream battery companies in the industry chain to carry out free "battery checkups" within three years of car purchases in rural areas, and enhance consumer acceptance of new energy vehicles. | x | ||||
| Implementation Opinions on Strengthening the Integration and Interaction of New Energy Vehicles and Power Grids | 2023 | Intensify research on key power battery technologies, extending the cycle life of power batteries to 3,000 cycles or more without significantly increasing costs, and master battery safety control technologies for high-frequency bidirectional charging and discharging conditions. | x | ||||
| National Carbon Peak Pilot Construction Plan | 2023 | Accelerate the low-carbon transformation of transportation vehicles and equipment, vigorously promote new energy vehicles, promote the comprehensive electrification of vehicles in the public sector, and eliminate old transportation vehicles. | x | ||||
| The People's Republicof China Fourth National Communication on Climate Change | 2023 | The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Ministry of Finance, alongwith another 14 ministries, have issued the action plan for promoting the electrificationof vehicles in public sectors, which stipulates that Party and government offices and public institutions need to give preference to NEVs, and lists rules on vehicle renewal and use in these institutions, aimed at promoting the application of New Energy Vehicles (NEVs). Nearly 100 colleges and universities have put in place the digital energy supervision system, installed charging posts for NEVs and increased the share of NEVs in their shuttlebuses. As an important part of the campaign, the application of new energy logistics vehicles has been widenedinthe regions where efforts were made to optimize urban delivery networks, roll out subsidypolicies, improve traffic conditions and guarantee the right of way for NEVs. | x | ||||
| The People's Republicof ChinaThird Biennial Update Reporton Climate Change | 2023 | In order to reduce carbon emissions in the transport sector, China is pushingfor bike-sharing schemes as a means for daily or short-distance trips as well as new-energy vehicles including electric vehicles and hydrogen vehicles. It is actively improving its public transportation system with various facilitationmeasures for the development of multi-modal transport, railway electrification, liquidnatural gas (LNG)-fueled vehicles and ships, energy-efficient and new-energyvehicles, electric vehicle charging and hydrogen refueling infrastructure, shore power supply for ships and aircrafts, as well as compelled natural gas (CNG) and LNG dispensers. | x | ||||
| China's Green Development in the New Era | 2023 | Promoting the green transformation of transport vehicles. China has vigorously promoted the use of new-energy vehicles in public transport, taxi service, environmental sanitation, logistics, distribution, civil aviation, airports, and Party and government institutions. | x | x | x | ||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Improve the level of green travel equipment, promote the large-scale application of new energy vehicles, accelerate the construction of charging infrastructure, and carry out the green travel "endurance project". Accelerate the application of new energy urban logistics distribution vehicles, and steadily increase the proportion of new energy vehicles in urban logistics distribution. Actively promote the application of new energy and clean energy vehicles and ships in the field of transportation services, and increase policy support for operations, traffic, parking, charging, etc. Accelerate the planning, layout and construction of infrastructure such as charging, battery replacement and hydrogen refueling. | x | x | |||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation | 2022 | Promote the development of new energy vehicles and intelligent networked vehicles, break through technologies such as fuel cells, high-efficiency drive motors, vehicle-road cooperative wireless communications, vehicle active protection and automatic warning, develop tools and platforms such as test evaluation and experimental verification, and realize the conditional application and operation of autonomous driving vehicles. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year" National Road Traffic Safety Plan | 2022 | Strengthen the mandatory product certification management of electric bicycles to prevent electric bicycles that do not meet the standards from entering the market. Strictly control the production, sales, and use of illegal low-speed electric vehicles and electric tricycles, and clarify the timetable for the withdrawal of illegal low-speed electric vehicles. Improve safety requirements for new energy vehicles, build a new energy vehicle operation safety inspection technology and equipment system, strengthen new energy vehicle operation safety inspection and supervision, strictly regulate remote upgrade requirements, and ensure vehicle driving safety. Improve the functions of the national monitoring and management platform for new energy vehicles. | x | ||||
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | Promote the use of green transportation methods such as railways, water transport, closed belt corridors, new energy and clean energy vehicles for bulk cargo in ports and large industrial and mining enterprises. Accelerate the promotion and application of new energy vehicles in urban public transportation, taxis, logistics and distribution. In Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang and other cities, we will promote the use of pure electric logistics and distribution vehicles in central urban areas, and promote the use of pure electric heavy trucks in short-distance transportation in industrial and mining enterprises such as steel and coal. In Zhangjiakou and other cities, we will promote the pilot application of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles for intercity passenger transport, heavy trucks, cold chain logistics vehicles, etc. Accelerate the research on new energy vehicle performance monitoring and guarantee technology, transportation energy Internet technology. | x | ||||
| Opinions on Promoting Green Development in the Joint Construction of the Belt and Road Initiative | 2022 | Promote energy-saving and low-carbon transportation tools such as new energy and clean energy vehicles and ships, and promote the Chinese solution for intelligent transportation. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year" Civil Aviation Development Plan | 2021 | Further advance aircraft APU replacement and the use of pure electric vehicles at airports. | x | x | |||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Highways | 2021 | Vigorously promote the adoption of new energy and clean energy vehicles. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Modern Transport Hub System | 2021 | Hubs are encouraged to use renewable energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, and other measures such as exterior wall insulation and door and window insulation to promote energy conservation and emission reduction. Hubs are encouraged to configure charging piles, battery swap stations, smart lighting, intelligent ventilation control and other facilities to facilitate the use of new energy and clean energy vehicles. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | New Energy Vehicles and Intelligent (Connected) Vehicles. Break through key technologies such as high-safety power batteries, high-efficiency drive motors, and high-performance power systems for new energy vehicles. Accelerate the development of fundamental technology platforms and software-hardware systems for intelligent (connected) vehicles, as well as key components such as drive-by-wire chassis and intelligent terminals. Promote the electrification of urban public transportation and logistics distribution vehicles. | x | x | |||
| Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030 ('1+N') | 2021 | We will expand the application of new and clean energy in transportation, such as electricity, hydrogen power, natural gas, and advanced liquid biofuels. We will vigorously promote new-energy vehicles, while gradually reducing the proportion of cars that run on traditional oil-based fuels in new car sales and car ownership, promote the replacement of public service vehicles with electric vehicles and the use of heavy cargo trucks fueled by electricity, hydrogen fuel, and liquefied natural gas. We will vigorously promote new-energy vehicles, while gradually reducing the proportion of cars that run on traditional oil-based fuels in new car sales and car ownership, promote the replacement of public service vehicles with electric vehicles and the use of heavy cargo trucks fueled by electricity, hydrogen fuel, and liquefied natural gas. | x | ||||
| China's Mid-Century Long-Term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development Strategy | 2021 | Continue to increase the retention rate of new energy vehicles. Promote the realization of electrification, new energy and cleanness of urban public transportation and urban logistics and distribution vehicles and promote the use of new energy for private cars and trucks. | x | ||||
| Comprehensive work plan for energy conservation and emission reduction in the 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Increase the proportion of new energy vehicles used in urban public transportation, taxis, logistics, sanitation and cleaning vehicles. Promote the application of agricultural electric vehicles, energy-saving and environmentally friendly agricultural machinery and fishing vessels. Take the lead in phasing out old vehicles and prioritizing the procurement and use of energy-saving and new energy vehicles. | x | x | |||
| Financial Subsidy Policy for the Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles (2022) | 2021 | Improve the safety supervision system for new energy vehicles and further consolidate the main responsibilities of new energy vehicle manufacturers. Guide enterprises to improve safety management mechanisms, strengthen product quality assurance capabilities, and meet national management requirements for automobile data security, network security, online upgrades, etc. Improve the efficiency of enterprise monitoring platforms, improve after-sales service capabilities, and do a good job in emergency response and disposal of accidents. | x | ||||
| Medium- and long-term plan for the development of the hydrogen energy industry (2021-2035) | 2021 | Based on local hydrogen supply capacity, industrial environment, and market potential, and in line with the development characteristics of the road transport sector, efforts should focus on promoting the application of hydrogen fuel cell medium- and heavy-duty vehicles. The market application of hydrogen fuel cell and other new energy passenger and freight vehicles should be steadily expanded, with the aim of gradually establishing a complementary development model between fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) and lithium battery electric vehicles (BEVs). In places where conditions permit, pilot applications of fuel cell commercial vehicles can be carried out in public service fields such as urban buses, logistics distribution vehicles, and sanitation vehicles. | x | ||||
| New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035) | 2021 | Starting from 2021, the proportion of new energy vehicles in new or updated public transport, taxis, logistics and distribution vehicles in national ecological civilization pilot zones and key areas for air pollution prevention and control shall not be less than 80%. Strive to achieve internationally advanced levels in core technologies of new energy vehicles and strong international competitiveness in quality and brand after 15 years of continuous efforts. Pure electric vehicles will become the mainstream of new vehicle sales, vehicles in the public sector will be fully electrified, fuel cell vehicles will achieve commercial application, highly autonomous vehicles will achieve large-scale application, the charging and swapping service network will be convenient and efficient, the construction of the hydrogen fuel supply system will be steadily promoted, and the improvement of energy conservation and emission reduction levels and social operation efficiency will be effectively promoted. Focus on integrated innovation, break through key core technologies, enhance industrial basic capabilities, build a new industrial ecosystem, improve the infrastructure system, optimize the industrial development environment, promote the high-quality and sustainable development of China's new energy vehicle industry, and accelerate the construction of a powerful auto country. Vehicles in the public sector will be fully electrified. Apply virtual reality, big data, artificial intelligence, and other technologies to establish virtual simulation and testing and verification platforms for vehicle electrification, networking, and intelligence. Enhance the measurement and testing, performance evaluation, and testing and certification capabilities of complete vehicles and key components. Adapt to the intelligent application needs of new energy vehicles. Encourage enterprises in fields such as complete vehicles and components, the internet, electronic information, and communications to form alliances. Focus on the development and application of automotive operating systems. Through iterative upgrades, enhance the security, reliability, and convenience of operating systems and applications. Expand the scale of application and form a good ecosystem of openness, sharing, and collaborative evolution. Promote the development of the full value chain of power batteries. Encourage enterprises to improve their ability to secure key resources such as lithium, nickel, cobalt, and platinum. Establish and improve a modular standard system for power batteries, accelerate breakthroughs in key manufacturing equipment, and improve process levels and production efficiency. Improve the recycling system for power batteries, including cascade utilization and resource regeneration, and encourage the joint construction and sharing of recycling channels. Establish and improve management systems for the transportation, storage, maintenance, safety inspection, decommissioning, and recycling of power batteries, and strengthen full life-cycle supervision. Strengthen the energy interaction between new energy vehicles and the power grid (V2G). Strengthen technological research on high-cycle-life power batteries and promote the application of low-power DC technology. Encourage local areas to carry out V2G demonstration applications, coordinate the charging and discharging of new energy vehicles and power dispatching needs. Comprehensively implement policies such as peak-valley electricity prices and preferential charging for new energy vehicles to achieve efficient energy interaction between new energy vehicles and the power grid, reduce electricity costs for new energy vehicles, and improve the grid's ability to respond to peak shaving, frequency regulation, and safety emergencies. Promote efficient synergy between new energy vehicles and renewable energy. Promote information sharing and integration between new energy vehicles and meteorological and renewable energy power forecasting systems. Coordinate the energy utilization of new energy vehicles with the coordinated dispatch of wind power and photovoltaic power generation to increase the proportion of renewable energy applications. Encourage the construction of multifunctional integrated stations for "photovoltaic-storage-charging-discharging" (distributed photovoltaic power generation - energy storage system - charging and discharging). Support conditional areas to carry out commercial demonstration operations of fuel cell vehicles. Build an intelligent and green logistics transportation system. Promote the application of new energy vehicles in urban distribution, port operations, and other fields, and provide convenience for the passage of new energy trucks. Build a cybersecurity assurance system. Improve the cybersecurity management system for new energy vehicles, build a unified vehicle identity authentication and security trust system, promote the in-depth application of cryptographic technology. Strengthen security testing of in-vehicle information systems, service platforms, and key electronic components. Strengthen the classified management and compliant application of new energy vehicle data, and improve risk assessment, early warning monitoring, and emergency response mechanisms to ensure information security in all links from the "vehicle end - transmission network - cloud end." Establish a comprehensive standard system for the integrated development of new energy vehicles and related industries. Clarify technical interface standards for automotive operating systems, basic automotive maps, charging pile information sharing, and cloud control basic platforms. Establish a cross-industry, cross-domain comprehensive big data platform to promote the joint construction, sharing, and interconnection of various types of data. | x | ||||
| Promote the development of multimodal transport, optimize and adjust the transport structure Work Program (2021-2025) | 2021 | Promote the "road to rail, road to water" transportation of bulk materials. In key areas of transport structure adjustment, strengthen the integration of port resources, encourage industrial and mining enterprises, grain enterprises, etc. to "contain" goods from bulk, mainly use rail and water transportation for medium and long distance transportation, and give priority to closed belt corridors or new energy vehicles and ships for short distance transportation. Improve the green level of technical equipment. Actively promote the application of new energy and clean energy vehicles, ships, and aircraft, and promote the planning and construction of supporting facilities such as charging, swapping, and refueling in highway service areas and port hubs. Demonstrate the application of new energy heavy-duty trucks in scenarios such as short-distance transportation in port areas and yards and fixed-line transportation. | x | x | x | x | |
| 14th Five Year Plan for the Construction of Modern Logistics System | 2020 | Expand the scope of application of new energy transportation tools. | |||||
| Action Plan for Green Mobility | 2020 | Scaled application of new energy and clean energy vehicles | x | ||||
| Financial Subsidy Policy for the Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles (2020) | 2020 | In 2020, the technical indicators such as the energy density of the power battery system will remain unchanged, and the energy consumption of new energy vehicles and the pure electric driving range threshold of pure electric passenger vehicles will be moderately increased. In principle, the overall technical indicators will remain stable in 2021-2022. Support the development of new business models such as "vehicle-battery separation", encourage enterprises to further improve the safety and reliability of the whole vehicle, and develop and produce new energy vehicle products with advanced underlying operating systems, electronic and electrical system architectures, and intelligent networking features. Increase the government procurement of new energy vehicles. In principle, except for special geographical factors, official vehicles such as confidential communications will purchase new energy vehicles, and give priority to the purchase of new energy vehicle leasing services. | x | ||||
| About accelerating the transformation and upgrading of the road freight industry | 2019 | Further improve the linkage mechanism between the urban transportation department's distribution capacity demand management and the public security traffic management department's vehicle access control, optimize vehicle access control, and provide access convenience for new energy urban distribution vehicles that meet the standards. Except for special areas, pure electric light trucks shall not be restricted in principle. Accelerate the use of new energy or clean energy vehicles for light logistics and distribution vehicles in urban built-up areas, and encourage logistics parks, industrial parks, distribution centers and other places to centrally plan and build dedicated charging facilities. | x | ||||
| Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Nation | 2019 | Optimize the transportation energy structure, promote the application of new energy and clean energy, promote energy conservation and emission reduction in road freight, and promote the electrification, new energy and cleanness of urban public transportation and urban logistics distribution vehicles. | x | ||||
| Mid- to Long-term Development Plan for the Automotive Industry | 2017 | By 2020, the annual production and sales of new energy vehicles will reach 2 million, the specific energy of power battery cells will reach more than 300 Wh/kg, and we will strive to achieve 350 Wh/kg. The system specific energy will strive to reach 260 Wh/kg, and the cost will be reduced to less than 1 yuan/Wh. Accelerate the R&D and industrialization of new energy vehicle technology. Use corporate investment, social capital, and national science and technology plans (special projects, funds, etc.) to coordinate and organize enterprises, universities, research institutes, etc. to jointly tackle key problems, focusing on the deployment of tasks around six innovation chains, including power batteries and battery management systems, motor drives and power electronics assemblies, electric vehicle intelligent technologies, fuel cell power systems, plug-in/extended-range hybrid systems, and pure electric power systems. Implement power battery upgrade projects. Give full play to the role of platforms such as the Power Battery Innovation Center and the Power Battery Industry Innovation Alliance, carry out joint research on key power battery materials, single cells, battery management systems, and other technologies, and accelerate the realization of revolutionary breakthroughs in power batteries. Increase the promotion and application of new energy vehicles. Gradually increase the proportion of new energy vehicles used in the public service sector and expand the scale of new energy vehicle applications in the private sector. | x | ||||
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Healthy Development of the Taxi Industry | 2016 | When adding and updating taxis, priority will be given to the use of new energy vehicles. | x | x |
EV charging infrastructure
| Guidelines for the Scientific Planning and Construction of High-Power Charging Infrastructure | 2025 | Actively deploy special high-power charging facilities for public transportation, logistics, medium and heavy freight, etc. In principle, the high-power charging facility network built by new energy vehicle companies should be open to the public without discrimination. Encourage the leasing period of more than 10 years for charging stations to guide enterprises to operate in a long-term and stable manner Combined with the conditions of the site, promote the business model that integrates charging stations with catering, entertainment, shopping, and car services to improve the charging service experience. Grid companies should strengthen the power supply guarantee of high-power charging facilities, focus on solving the power supply capacity of highway service areas, reduce the cost of power introduction, and shorten the power expansion cycle. Encourage the study of incentive mechanisms for subsidies for the construction and operation of high-power charging facilities, and support the construction of qualified high-power charging facility projects through local government special bonds. Relying on the government charging monitoring service platform, regular implementation assessments will be carried out, and a number of demonstration high-power charging application cities and highway corridors will be created in a timely manner to promote the high-quality development of high-power charging facilities. Explore the optimization method of power access capacity verification for intelligent and orderly high-power charging stations. Support charging operators to participate in electricity power market transactions and demand response by accessing new load management systems, and promote high-level clean energy consumption by electric vehicles through price signals. | x | ||||
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Integrated Development of Transportation and Energy | 2025 | Coordinate the planning of the clean energy supply guarantee system for transportation. Carry out the planning of the network of charging (replacement) stations for roads and waterways, strengthen the coordinated layout with the planning of power grids, and improve the level of local clean energy guarantee. Improve the planning of the green fuel filling system for vehicles and ships, and systematically promote the development of green fuel filling facilities and equipment for vehicles and ships. Vigorously promote intelligent charging facilities and vehicle-grid interaction technologies, incorporate vehicle-grid interaction into the power demand side management, and coordinate with the construction of the power market. Encourage the promotion of new models and the incubation of emerging industries. Aggregate resources such as distributed power sources, electric vehicles, and charging (replacement) facilities to create a virtual power plant in the transportation field. Guide innovations in business models such as vehicle-battery separation, vigorously develop emerging industries such as battery asset management and new energy transportation equipment financing and leasing, and create an innovation platform for the intelligent integration of vehicle-station-points-network. Promote the innovative development of a new pan-automotive ecosystem that deeply integrates new energy vehicles with smart energy, smart transportation, and smart cities. | x | x | |||
| China's Nationally Determined Contribution Report 2035 | 2025 | improve networks of charging/battery swap stations, hydrogen refueling stations, shore power systems, aircraft auxiliary power unit replacements, and airport PV installations | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Accelerating the Construction of a New Power System (2024-2027) | 2024 | In key provinces where electric vehicles are developed on a large scale, research on the capacity of charging facilities that can be connected to the distribution network will be organized. Targetedly improve the grid connection capacity of new energy and electric vehicle charging facilities. Improve the layout of the charging infrastructure network. Focusing on the "two districts" (residential areas and office areas) and the "three centers" (commercial centers, industrial centers, and leisure centers), we will layout public charging infrastructure according to local conditions, expand the coverage of the highway charging network, strengthen charging service guarantees during holidays, effectively increase charging facilities in rural areas, and gradually build an increasingly complete charging infrastructure network. Establish and improve the charging infrastructure standard system. Accelerate the formulation and revision of advanced charging and battery swapping technology standards represented by fast charging technology, explore the establishment of relevant standards for vehicle-grid interaction, improve and perfect the standard system for charging infrastructure planning, design, construction, and operation, and enhance the ability to lead the internationalization of standards. Innovate new active distribution grids dispatching modes. Focus on areas where new entities such as distributed new energy, user-side energy storage, and electric vehicle charging facilities are developing rapidly, explore the application of new active distribution network dispatching modes that coordinate main distribution and microgrids, and encourage other areas to carry out explorations simultaneously according to local conditions. Make full use of electric vehicle energy storage resources and comprehensively promote intelligent and orderly charging. Support the exploration of the integrated interaction of vehicles, charging points, stations and networks, study and improve the time-of-use electricity price policy for electric vehicle charging, explore the discharge price mechanism, and promote the participation of electric vehicles in the interaction of the power system. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Energy Conservation and Carbon Reduction 2024-2025 | 2024 | Strengthen the construction of charging infrastructure. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Large-Scale Equipment Renewal in Transportation | 2024 | Scientifically plan and appropriately advance the construction of supporting infrastructure for new energy vehicles along highways, and explore the construction of supercharging stations, battery swap stations, hydrogen refueling stations, etc. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Reducing Costs, Improving Quality and Increasing Efficiency of Transportation and Logistics | 2024 | Promote the application of new energy medium and heavy-duty trucks according to local conditions, and plan and build special battery swap stations. Promote the construction of a number of charging piles, battery swap stations, and charging parking spaces in highway service areas. | x | ||||
| Five-year action plan for deepening the implementation of a people-oriented new urbanization strategy | 2024 | Accelerate the construction of charging facilities in residential areas, promote the construction of fast charging, battery replacement and hydrogen refueling facilities in public parking lots and qualified gas stations on the premise of ensuring safety, and carry out pilot projects for the comprehensive electrification of vehicles in the public sector. | x | ||||
| China's Energy Transition | 2024 | Efforts have also been made to develop an electric vehicle charging infrastructure network and improve the distribution of hydrogen and natural gas fueling stations and related service facilities. By the end of 2023, there were almost 8.6 million charging facilities nationwide. Smart microgrids have been built for a variety of scenarios in the industrial, transport, construction and other sectors, allowing the local consumption of new energy. | x | ||||
| Implementation Opinions on Strengthening the Integration and Interaction between New Energy Vehicles and the Power Grid (NDRC Energy [2023] No. 1721) | 2024 | Strengthen the top-level design of vehicle-to-grid interaction, adhere to the concept of system, and make overall plans from the perspective of overall social benefits. actively explore vehicle-to-grid interaction business scenarios and business models that take into account the interests of all parties, and promote the construction of the vehicle-to-grid interaction ecosystem in an orderly manner, | x | ||||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Accelerate the construction of charging infrastructure along highways to continuously meet the growing demand for electric vehicle charging. | x | ||||
| Guiding Opinions on Further Building a High-Quality Charging Infrastructure System | 2023 | Development goals: By 2030, a high-quality charging infrastructure system with wide coverage, moderate scale, reasonable structure and complete functions will be basically established to strongly support the development of the new energy vehicle industry and effectively meet the people's travel and charging needs. A charging network with urban surface, highway alignment and rural point layout will be built. The proportion of parking spaces with standardized charging conditions in commercial parking lots in large and medium-sized cities will strive to exceed the proportion of registered electric vehicles in cities, and the coverage rate of charging services in rural areas will steadily increase. The charging infrastructure is fast and slow, complementary, intelligent and open, the charging service is safe, reliable, economical and convenient, the standards and market supervision system is basically complete, the industry supervision and governance capabilities are basically modernized, and the technical equipment and scientific and technological innovation have reached the world's advanced level. Strengthen the exchange and sharing of charging service data in different cities, accelerate the intelligent upgrading and transformation of charging networks. Improve the two-way interaction between vehicles and the Internet. Vigorously promote the application of intelligent charging infrastructure. In principle, new charging infrastructure should adopt intelligent facilities and promote the intelligent transformation of existing charging infrastructure. Actively promote the intelligent transformation of distribution networks and strengthen the ability to regulate the charging and discharging behavior of electric vehicles. Give full play to the important role of new energy vehicles in electrochemical energy storage systems, strengthen the energy interaction between electric vehicles and power grids, improve the response capabilities of power grids such as peak and frequency regulation, safety and emergency response, and promote pilot demonstrations such as Internet of Vehicles, vehicle-grid interaction, source-grid-load-storage integration, and photovoltaic storage-charging-swap integrated stations. Encourage the innovative application of new technologies. Give full play to the role of enterprises as innovation subjects and create an intelligent integration innovation platform for vehicles, charging stations, and grids. Accelerate the research on technologies such as fast charging and swapping, high-power charging, intelligent and orderly charging, wireless charging, and photovoltaic storage-charging coordinated control, and demonstrate the construction of wireless charging lines and parking spaces. Strengthen the research on technologies such as information sharing and unified settlement systems, and safety monitoring and early warning of power distribution systems. | x | x | |||
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Development of Urban Integrated Transportation Systems | 2023 | Strengthen the coordinated development of supporting energy facilities, such as charging and swapping stations. Based on the principles of moderate advancement, intensive and efficient development, and flexibility and compatibility, promote the coordinated development of supporting energy facilities and urban transportation infrastructure. Strengthen the layout optimization and scale management of urban gas stations, charging and swapping stations, and integrated energy stations, ensuring effective integration with special plans for power facilities and oil and gas pipelines. While ensuring safety, strengthen the mixed utilization of existing facilities and encourage the construction of "multi-station-in-one" supporting energy supply sites. | x | x | |||
| Implementation Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Charging Infrastructure to Better Support the Deployment of New Energy Vehicles to Rural Areas and Rural Revitalization | 2023 | Support local governments in developing county and township public charging network planning based on their actual conditions, and ensure coordination with land and space planning and distribution network planning, to accelerate the achievement of "county-wide coverage" of charging stations and "township-wide coverage" of charging piles in areas suitable for the use of new energy vehicles. Rationally promote the construction of centralized public charging stations, prioritizing the deployment of public charging facilities in county and township enterprises and institutions, commercial buildings, transportation hubs (stations), and service areas (stations) along highways, and extending this to centralized resettlement areas for relocated people and key rural tourism villages. Promote new models such as intelligent and orderly charging. Improve the intelligence level of newly built charging infrastructure, incorporate intelligent and orderly charging into the functional scope of charging infrastructure and new energy vehicle products. Encourage newly sold new energy vehicles to be equipped with charging piles equipped with orderly charging capabilities, and accelerate the formation of unified industry standards. Encourage research into key technologies such as vehicle-to-grid (V2G) interaction between electric vehicles and the grid, and coordinated control of photovoltaic storage and charging. Explore the construction of integrated charging infrastructure that provides photovoltaic power generation, energy storage, and charging in rural areas with low charging pile utilization. Implement peak-valley time-of-use electricity pricing policies to encourage users to charge during off-peak hours. Utilize technology to proactively identify peak charging demand times and locations, and ensure effective service. | x | ||||
| National Carbon Peak Pilot Construction Plan | 2023 | Strengthen the construction of green transportation infrastructure, improve supporting facilities such as charging piles and battery swap stations, and promote green upgrades of transportation hubs. | x | ||||
| The People's Republicof ChinaThird Biennial Update Reporton Climate Change | 2023 | It is actively improving its public transportation system with various facilitationmeasures for the development of multi-modal transport, railway electrification, liquidnatural gas (LNG)-fueled vehicles and ships, energy-efficient and new-energyvehicles, electric vehicle charging and hydrogen refueling infrastructure, shore power supply for ships and aircrafts, as well as compelled natural gas (CNG) and LNG dispensers. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Actively promote the application of new energy and clean energy vehicles and ships in the field of transportation services, and increase policy support for operations, traffic, parking, charging, etc. Accelerate the planning, layout and construction of infrastructure such as charging, battery replacement and hydrogen refueling. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation | 2022 | Develop a self-consistent transportation energy system by making breakthroughs in technologies such as the transportation energy internet, transport-oriented multi-source and multi-state energy conversion, control and management, distributed photovoltaic power generation and grid connection for infrastructure, integrated production-storage-distribution-utilization of transportation energy, and the network layout of charging and swapping facilities. Promote the development of electrified highways. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Plan and build a convenient, efficient, and moderately advanced charging and swapping network, focus on promoting the construction of charging facilities and equipment in transportation hubs, parking facilities, highway service areas, and other areas, and encourage the rational layout of photovoltaic power generation and energy storage facilities in transportation hubs, as well as along highways and railways. Vigorously promote the integrated construction of parking lots and charging facilities to achieve the interconnection of parking and charging data information. Improve the layout of urban and rural public charging and swapping networks, actively build inter-city charging networks and supporting facilities for fast charging stations in highway service areas, and achieve a coverage rate of fast charging stations in highway service areas of national ecological civilization pilot areas and key areas for air pollution prevention and control of no less than 80%, and no less than 60% in other areas. | x | ||||
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | Promote the construction of charging (battery swapping) facilities in highway service areas, passenger transport hubs and other areas to provide convenience for green transportation and green travel. | x | x | |||
| Implementation Opinions on Further Improving the Service Capabilities of Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure | 2022 | Optimize the construction layout of urban public charging networks. Further optimize the layout of public charging networks in central urban areas, increase the construction of public charging facilities in peripheral urban areas, layout swap stations according to local conditions, and improve the public charging service guarantee capabilities. Fully consider the charging needs of special vehicles such as public transportation, taxis, and logistics, and build special charging stations in conjunction with parking lots. Encourage charging operators to gradually increase the proportion of fast charging points through new construction, reconstruction, expansion, and relocation. Strengthen the layout of charging networks in counties, villages and towns. In accordance with the relevant requirements for comprehensively promoting rural revitalization, combined with the promotion of urbanization with county towns as an important carrier, accelerate the filling of the shortcomings in the construction of charging infrastructure in counties, villages and towns, and accelerate the realization of "full coverage of counties" for electric vehicle charging stations and "full coverage of townships" for charging points. Priority will be given to the configuration of public charging facilities in enterprises, institutions, commercial buildings, transportation hubs, public parking lots and other places. Accelerate the effective coverage of expressway fast charging networks. Accelerate the formulation of phased coverage plans for expressway fast charging networks in various provinces. Clarify the construction standards and specifications for expressway fast charging stations, include fast charging stations in the scope of supporting infrastructure in expressway service areas, strengthen the management of the approval and acceptance of expressway fast charging station projects, and do a good job in ensuring construction land and supporting power supplies. Improve internal charging security in government buildings and industrial parks. Internal parking lots of government agencies, enterprises, institutions, industrial parks, etc. should accelerate the construction of charging facilities in a corresponding proportion or reserve construction and installation conditions to meet the charging needs of official vehicles and employees' private cars. Encourage the opening of internal charging piles in units and parks to further improve the public charging supply capacity. Accelerate and promote and application of battery swapping models. Focusing on scenarios such as mines, ports, and urban transportation, support the construction and layout of dedicated battery swapping stations, accelerate the exploration and promotion of vehicle-battery separation models, and promote the electrification transformation of heavy trucks and internal container trucks in ports. Explore the shared power exchange model in the fields of rental, logistics and transportation, and optimize and improve the shared power exchange service. Strengthen the operation and maintenance of charging equipment and the maintenance of charging order. Charging operation companies should improve the operation and maintenance system of charging equipment, and improve the equipment availability and fault handling capabilities through intelligent and digital means. Promote innovation and pilot demonstration of vehicle-grid interaction technology. Support power grid companies to jointly build an innovative platform for the integration of new energy vehicles and smart energy with upstream and downstream of the industrial chain such as automobile companies, carry out cross-industry joint innovation and technology research and development, and accelerate the construction of vehicle-grid interaction test and standardization system. Actively promote pilot demonstrations, explore the implementation path of new energy vehicles participating in the electricity spot market, and study and improve the trading and dispatching mechanism for new energy vehicles to consume and store green electricity. Explore the integrated pilot application of "photovoltaic storage charging and discharge" in internal charging facilities of government buildings and industrial parks. Encourage and promote smart and orderly charging. Local development and reform and energy departments should guide residents to participate in smart and orderly charging, accelerate the construction of smart and orderly charging demonstration communities, and gradually increase the proportion of smart and orderly charging piles. Local price authorities should implement the peak and valley electricity price policy for charging facilities. Encourage the inclusion of smart and orderly charging in the functional scope of charging piles and new energy vehicle products, and accelerate the formation of unified industry standards. Strengthen innovation in charging and battery swapping technology and standard support. Accelerate the formulation and promotion of high-power charging standards, strengthen cross-industry collaboration, and promote the coordinated upgrading of all parties in the industry. Promote the research and development of new technologies such as wireless charging and automatic unmanned charging. Promote the formation of unified battery swapping standards in major application areas, and improve the safety, reliability and economy of battery swapping models. Improve the data interaction standards between new energy vehicle batteries and charging facilities. | x | x | x | x | |
| National Highway Network Plan | 2022 | Improve the service quality of highway service areas, set up humanized service facilities and charging, battery replacement, hydrogen refueling and other facilities. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Highways | 2021 | Support the construction of charging piles and stations in areas such as highway service areas, passenger transport hubs, logistics parks, and bus stations. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Plan and deploy the construction of charging and swapping facilities. Accelerate urban renewal, transform and upgrade the functions of old residential areas, old factory areas, old neighborhoods, and urban villages, promote the renovation of old buildings, and actively expand and build new parking lots and charging piles. Improve the quality of tourist destinations. Improve facilities such as tourist services, parking and charging, transportation, and flow monitoring and management. | x | x | |||
| 14th Five-Year Plan on Modern Energy System Planning | 2021 | Carry out virtual power plant demonstrations that aggregate various resources such as energy interaction between new energy vehicles and power grids (Vehicle-to-Grid, V2G). Actively support the diversified development of user-side energy storage, improve user power supply reliability, and encourage user-side energy storage such as electric vehicles and uninterruptible power supplies to participate in system peak and frequency regulation. Optimize the layout of charging infrastructure, comprehensively promote the coordinated development of vehicles and charging piles, promote the two-way interaction of energy and information between electric vehicles and smart grids, and carry out pilot demonstrations of new charging and swapping stations that combine solar, storage, charging and swapping. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030 ('1+N') | 2021 | We will boost construction of infrastructure such as charging piles, supporting power grids, and natural gas and hydrogen fueling stations through an orderly approach to improve public transport infrastructure in urban areas. We will boost construction of infrastructure such as charging piles, supporting power grids, and natural gas and hydrogen fueling stations through an orderly approach to improve public transport infrastructure in urban areas. | x | x | |||
| Comprehensive work plan for energy conservation and emission reduction in the 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Energy conservation and emission reduction projects in transportation and logistics. Promote the construction of green railways, green highways, green ports, green waterways, and green airports, and orderly advance the construction of infrastructure such as charging and swapping, refueling (gas), hydrogen refueling, and shore power for ports and airports. | x | ||||
| New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035) | 2021 | Strengthen the energy interaction between new energy vehicles and the power grid (V2G). Strengthen technological research on high-cycle-life power batteries and promote the application of low-power DC technology. Encourage local areas to carry out V2G demonstration applications, coordinate the charging and discharging of new energy vehicles and power dispatching needs. Comprehensively implement policies such as peak-valley electricity prices and preferential charging for new energy vehicles to achieve efficient energy interaction between new energy vehicles and the power grid, reduce electricity costs for new energy vehicles, and improve the grid's ability to respond to peak shaving, frequency regulation, and safety emergencies. Promote efficient synergy between new energy vehicles and renewable energy. Promote information sharing and integration between new energy vehicles and meteorological and renewable energy power forecasting systems. Coordinate the energy utilization of new energy vehicles with the coordinated dispatch of wind power and photovoltaic power generation to increase the proportion of renewable energy applications. Encourage the construction of multifunctional integrated stations for "photovoltaic-storage-charging-discharging" (distributed photovoltaic power generation - energy storage system - charging and discharging). Support conditional areas to carry out commercial demonstration operations of fuel cell vehicles. Accelerate the construction of charging and swapping infrastructure. Scientifically lay out charging and swapping infrastructure, and strengthen coordination with urban and rural construction planning, power grid planning, property management, and urban parking. Relying on "Internet+" smart energy, improve the level of intelligence, actively promote the residential charging service model mainly based on intelligent and orderly slow charging, supplemented by emergency fast charging. Accelerate the formation of a moderately advanced public charging network for highways and urban and rural areas, mainly based on fast charging and supplemented by slow charging. Encourage the application of battery swapping mode, strengthen research and development of new charging technologies such as intelligent and orderly charging, high-power charging, and wireless charging, and improve charging convenience and product reliability. Improve the service level of charging infrastructure. Guide enterprises to jointly establish charging facility operation service platforms to achieve interconnection, information sharing, and unified settlement. Strengthen technological research and development for safety monitoring and early warning of charging equipment and power distribution systems, regulate the use of electromagnetic spectrum for wireless charging facilities, improve the safety, consistency, and reliability of charging facilities, and enhance service assurance levels. Encourage business model innovation. Combined with the renovation of old residential areas and urban renewal, guide multiple parties to jointly carry out the construction and operation of charging facilities. Support the development of cooperative models such as multiple vehicles sharing one pile in residential areas and sharing of adjacent parking spaces. Encourage the combination of charging stations with commercial real estate, build integrated service facilities for parking and charging, enhance the charging service capacity of public places, and expand value-added services. Improve the insurance system for charging facilities to reduce operational risks for enterprises and usage risks for users. Promote the scientific layout and accelerated construction of infrastructure such as charging, swapping, and hydrogen refueling, and provide financial support for the construction of charging piles as public facilities. Promote efficient synergy between new energy vehicles and renewable energy. Promote information sharing and integration between new energy vehicles and meteorological and renewable energy power forecasting systems. Coordinate the energy utilization of new energy vehicles with the coordinated dispatch of wind power and photovoltaic power generation to increase the proportion of renewable energy applications. Encourage the construction of multifunctional integrated stations for "photovoltaic-storage-charging-discharging" (distributed photovoltaic power generation - energy storage system - charging and discharging). Support conditional areas to carry out commercial demonstration operations of fuel cell vehicles. Relying on "Internet+" smart energy, improve the level of intelligence, actively promote the residential charging service model mainly based on intelligent and orderly slow charging, supplemented by emergency fast charging. Accelerate the formation of a moderately advanced public charging network for highways and urban and rural areas, mainly based on fast charging and supplemented by slow charging. Encourage the application of battery swapping mode, strengthen research and development of new charging technologies such as intelligent and orderly charging, high-power charging, and wireless charging, and improve charging convenience and product reliability. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Plan for the Construction of Modern Logistics System | 2020 | Continue to advance clean energy substitution in the transport sector, accelerate the deployment of charging and battery-swapping infrastructure, and promote the use of electric vehicles in short-distance logistics, ports, and airports. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Green Mobility | 2020 | the construction of charging infrastructure is accelerated | x | ||||
| Mid- to Long-term Development Plan for the Automotive Industry | 2017 | Accelerate the construction of charging infrastructure and build a convenient, efficient and moderately advanced charging network system. | x |
EV in freight
| Guidelines for the Scientific Planning and Construction of High-Power Charging Infrastructure | 2025 | For large-capacity and high-rate power battery application scenarios such as electric heavy trucks, electric ships, and electric aircraft, carry out single-gun megawatt-level charging technology research and pilot application. Adhere to the principle of respecting the market and focusing on the long-term, promote the inclusion of high-power charging national standards into the market access conditions for vehicles and charging piles, and carry out vehicle and charging pile interoperability testing and comparative verification for high-power charging national standards. Comprehensively consider market acceptance, product compatibility, technological advancement, and operational safety, and promote the application of high-power charging standards in high-voltage platform passenger vehicles and commercial vehicles such as heavy trucks in a classified manner. | x | x | x | ||
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Integrated Development of Transportation and Energy | 2025 | By 2035, Pure electric vehicles will become the mainstream of new sales vehicles, new energy heavy trucks will be used on a large scale, and the transportation green fuel supply system will be basically established. Accelerate the promotion of new energy vehicles. Accelerate the electrification of vehicles in the public sector, continue to promote the application of new energy vehicles in urban public transportation, taxis, postal express delivery, urban freight distribution, ports, airports and other fields, promote the elimination and renewal of operating vehicles of National IV and below standards, promote the large-scale application of new energy heavy trucks (trucks) according to local conditions, and develop zero-emission freight. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Energy Conservation and Carbon Reduction 2024-2025 | 2024 | Gradually cancel restrictions on the purchase of new energy vehicles in various places. Implement support policies such as facilitating the passage of new energy vehicles. Promote the electrification of vehicles in the public sector, orderly promote new energy medium and heavy trucks, and develop zero-emission freight fleets. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Improving Transportation Standards (2024-2027) | 2024 | Research and build a standard system that adapts to the development of new energy heavy trucks, support more complete supporting services for new energy vehicles, and create a consumer environment that is more conducive to the development of new energy vehicles. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Large-Scale Equipment Renewal in Transportation | 2024 | Promote new energy trucks in an orderly manner. Encourage local governments to promote the application of new energy trucks in urban logistics distribution, port collection and distribution, trunk logistics and other scenarios in combination with the development characteristics of the road freight industry, regional industrial environment and new energy supply capacity. | x | ||||
| Action Plan to Effectively Reduce Logistics Costs in the Whole Society | 2024 | Expand the application of new energy logistics vehicles in urban distribution, postal express delivery and other fields. Study the development path of zero-carbon emission technology for heavy trucks. | x | ||||
| Guidance on implementing vigorous renewable energy substitution actions | 2024 | Accelerate the development of electric passenger cars, steadily promote the electrification of buses, and explore and promote the application of new energy medium and heavy trucks. | x | ||||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Increase the promotion and application of new energy vehicles. Promote the application of new energy, clean energy, and renewable energy in medium and heavy trucks and other transport equipment. | x | ||||
| Implementation Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Charging Infrastructure to Better Support the Deployment of New Energy Vehicles to Rural Areas and Rural Revitalization | 2023 | New energy vehicle companies are encouraged to develop more economical and practical models, especially new energy cargo microvans, micro trucks, light trucks and other products, based on the characteristics of consumers in rural areas, through differentiated strategies and optimized configurations. | x | ||||
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | Promote the use of green transportation methods such as railways, water transport, closed belt corridors, new energy and clean energy vehicles for bulk cargo in ports and large industrial and mining enterprises. Accelerate the promotion and application of new energy vehicles in urban public transportation, taxis, logistics and distribution. In Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang and other cities, we will promote the use of pure electric logistics and distribution vehicles in central urban areas, and promote the use of pure electric heavy trucks in short-distance transportation in industrial and mining enterprises such as steel and coal. In Zhangjiakou and other cities, we will promote the pilot application of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles for intercity passenger transport, heavy trucks, cold chain logistics vehicles, etc. Accelerate the research on new energy vehicle performance monitoring and guarantee technology, transportation energy Internet technology. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030 ('1+N') | 2021 | We will expand the application of new and clean energy in transportation, such as electricity, hydrogen power, natural gas, and advanced liquid biofuels. We will vigorously promote new-energy vehicles, while gradually reducing the proportion of cars that run on traditional oil-based fuels in new car sales and car ownership, promote the replacement of public service vehicles with electric vehicles and the use of heavy cargo trucks fueled by electricity, hydrogen fuel, and liquefied natural gas. We will vigorously promote new-energy vehicles, while gradually reducing the proportion of cars that run on traditional oil-based fuels in new car sales and car ownership, promote the replacement of public service vehicles with electric vehicles and the use of heavy cargo trucks fueled by electricity, hydrogen fuel, and liquefied natural gas. | x | ||||
| China's Mid-Century Long-Term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development Strategy | 2021 | Continue to increase the retention rate of new energy vehicles. Promote the realization of electrification, new energy and cleanness of urban public transportation and urban logistics and distribution vehicles and promote the use of new energy for private cars and trucks. | x | ||||
| New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035) | 2021 | Build an intelligent and green logistics transportation system. Promote the application of new energy vehicles in urban distribution, port operations, and other fields, and provide convenience for the passage of new energy trucks. | |||||
| Promote the development of multimodal transport, optimize and adjust the transport structure Work Program (2021-2025) | 2021 | Demonstrate the application of new energy heavy-duty trucks in scenarios such as short-distance transportation in port areas and yards and fixed-line transportation. | x | x | x | x | |
| About accelerating the transformation and upgrading of the road freight industry | 2019 | Further improve the linkage mechanism between the urban transportation department's distribution capacity demand management and the public security traffic management department's vehicle access control, optimize vehicle access control, and provide access convenience for new energy urban distribution vehicles that meet the standards. Except for special areas, pure electric light trucks shall not be restricted in principle. Accelerate the use of new energy or clean energy vehicles for light logistics and distribution vehicles in urban built-up areas, and encourage logistics parks, industrial parks, distribution centers and other places to centrally plan and build dedicated charging facilities. | x |
EV in public transport
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Integrated Development of Transportation and Energy | 2025 | By 2035, Pure electric vehicles will become the mainstream of new sales vehicles, new energy heavy trucks will be used on a large scale, and the transportation green fuel supply system will be basically established. Accelerate the promotion of new energy vehicles. Accelerate the electrification of vehicles in the public sector, continue to promote the application of new energy vehicles in urban public transportation, taxis, postal express delivery, urban freight distribution, ports, airports and other fields, promote the elimination and renewal of operating vehicles of National IV and below standards, promote the large-scale application of new energy heavy trucks (trucks) according to local conditions, and develop zero-emission freight. | x | ||||
| China's Nationally Determined Contribution Report 2035 | 2025 | advance the electrification of urban public service vehicles, and pursue cleaner energy use in shipping and aviation | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Large-Scale Equipment Renewal in Transportation | 2024 | By 2028, the promotion and application of new energy public buses continues to advance; old locomotives in key areas are basically eliminated, and large-scale replacement and application of new energy locomotives are achieved. Urban bus electrification replacement action: Encourage the renewal of old new energy buses and power batteries. Encourage places with conditions to formulate new energy bus and power battery renewal plans based on local conditions on the basis of ensuring the stable operation of urban buses, guide the owners of retired power batteries to sell retired power batteries to comprehensive utilization enterprises, and actively promote small-sized buses, low-floor and low-entry urban buses. | x | ||||
| Implementation Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Charging Infrastructure to Better Support the Deployment of New Energy Vehicles to Rural Areas and Rural Revitalization | 2023 | Accelerate the promotion and application of new energy vehicles in county and township party and government organs, schools, hospitals, and other units, increase the proportion of new energy vehicles used in official vehicles according to local conditions, and play a leading and exemplary role. Encourage localities with conditions to increase support for the application of new energy vehicles in public transportation, road passenger transportation, taxis, law enforcement, sanitation, logistics and distribution, and other fields. | x | ||||
| The People's Republicof ChinaThird Biennial Update Reporton Climate Change | 2023 | In order to reduce carbon emissions in the transport sector, China is pushingfor bike-sharing schemes as a means for daily or short-distance trips as well as new-energy vehicles including electric vehicles and hydrogen vehicles. It is actively improving its public transportation system with various facilitationmeasures for the development of multi-modal transport, railway electrification, liquidnatural gas (LNG)-fueled vehicles and ships, energy-efficient and new-energyvehicles, electric vehicle charging and hydrogen refueling infrastructure, shore power supply for ships and aircrafts, as well as compelled natural gas (CNG) and LNG dispensers. | x | ||||
| China's Green Development in the New Era | 2023 | Promoting the green transformation of transport vehicles. China has vigorously promoted the use of new-energy vehicles in public transport, taxi service, environmental sanitation, logistics, distribution, civil aviation, airports, and Party and government institutions. | x | x | x | ||
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | Promote the use of green transportation methods such as railways, water transport, closed belt corridors, new energy and clean energy vehicles for bulk cargo in ports and large industrial and mining enterprises. Accelerate the promotion and application of new energy vehicles in urban public transportation, taxis, logistics and distribution. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | New Energy Vehicles and Intelligent (Connected) Vehicles. Break through key technologies such as high-safety power batteries, high-efficiency drive motors, and high-performance power systems for new energy vehicles. Accelerate the development of fundamental technology platforms and software-hardware systems for intelligent (connected) vehicles, as well as key components such as drive-by-wire chassis and intelligent terminals. Promote the electrification of urban public transportation and logistics distribution vehicles. | x | x | |||
| China's Mid-Century Long-Term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development Strategy | 2021 | Continue to increase the retention rate of new energy vehicles. Promote the realization of electrification, new energy and cleanness of urban public transportation and urban logistics and distribution vehicles and promote the use of new energy for private cars and trucks. | x | ||||
| Comprehensive work plan for energy conservation and emission reduction in the 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Increase the proportion of new energy vehicles used in urban public transportation, taxis, logistics, sanitation and cleaning vehicles. Promote the application of agricultural electric vehicles, energy-saving and environmentally friendly agricultural machinery and fishing vessels. Take the lead in phasing out old vehicles and prioritizing the procurement and use of energy-saving and new energy vehicles. | x | x | |||
| New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035) | 2021 | Starting from 2021, the proportion of new energy vehicles in new or updated public transport, taxis, logistics and distribution vehicles in national ecological civilization pilot zones and key areas for air pollution prevention and control shall not be less than 80%. | x | ||||
| Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Nation | 2019 | Optimize the transportation energy structure, promote the application of new energy and clean energy, promote energy conservation and emission reduction in road freight, and promote the electrification, new energy and cleanness of urban public transportation and urban logistics distribution vehicles. | x |
EV in water transport
| China's Nationally Determined Contribution Report 2035 | 2025 | advance the electrification of urban public service vehicles, and pursue cleaner energy use in shipping and aviation | x | ||||
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | Promote the use of green transportation methods such as railways, water transport, closed belt corridors, new energy and clean energy vehicles for bulk cargo in ports and large industrial and mining enterprises. | x | ||||
| Promote the development of multimodal transport, optimize and adjust the transport structure Work Program (2021-2025) | 2021 | Actively promote the application of new energy and clean energy vehicles, ships, and aircraft, and promote the planning and construction of supporting facilities such as charging, swapping, and refueling in highway service areas and port hubs. | x | x | x | x |
EV manufacturing
| Opinions on Promoting Green Development in the Joint Construction of the Belt and Road Initiative | 2022 | Encourage enterprises to carry out investment and cooperation in new energy industries, new energy vehicle manufacturing and other fields, and promote green and low-carbon development of "going out" enterprises. | x | ||||
| Outline of the Medium- and Long-Term Development Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation (2021-2035) | 2022 | Promote the development of new energy vehicles and intelligent networked vehicles, and break through key technologies and equipment such as efficient and safe pure electric drive, fuel cell and vehicle design, and on-board intelligent perception and control. | x | ||||
| Financial Subsidy Policy for the Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles (2018) | 2018 | Establish a vehicle and battery "consistency" sampling system linked to subsidies. Randomly sample a certain proportion of products in the production and sales of vehicles and power batteries, and conduct consistency tests on key parameters such as power battery energy density and vehicle energy consumption. Establish a regular information release mechanism. If the parameters of the sampled products are inconsistent with the parameter values in the recommended vehicle model catalog, the recommended vehicle model catalog will be suspended, subsidy funds will be deducted or delayed according to the severity of the circumstances, and relevant enterprises and testing institutions will be punished in accordance with relevant regulations. Implement producer responsibility and improve the management level of production, sales and service. Enterprises should further implement producer responsibility, strengthen management and control of their own production and sales links, establish an enterprise monitoring platform, and timely and accurately report the application information for new energy vehicle promotion subsidies to ensure authenticity and traceability. New energy vehicle manufacturers should provide consumers with quality assurance for energy storage devices such as power batteries, drive motors, and motor controllers in accordance with relevant documents. Establish a statistical and review mechanism for new energy vehicle safety accidents. For products that have been sold and have safety hazards or safety accidents, enterprises should submit product accident detection reports, subsequent improvement measures and other materials. | x | ||||
| Mid- to Long-term Development Plan for the Automotive Industry | 2017 | Major breakthroughs have been made in key technologies. The industrial innovation system has been continuously improved, and the innovation capabilities of enterprises have been significantly enhanced. Energy-saving technologies such as power systems, efficient transmission systems, and automotive electronics have reached international advanced levels, and key core technologies such as power batteries and drive motors are at the international leading level. By 2020, several new energy vehicle companies will be cultivated and formed to enter the top ten in the world, and intelligent networked vehicles will develop in sync with the international level; by 2025, the global influence and market share of key new energy vehicle companies will be further enhanced, and intelligent networked vehicles will enter the ranks of the world's advanced countries. The entire industry chain is safe and controllable. Break through the shortcomings of the industry chain, such as advanced automotive electronics such as automotive sensors and on-board chips, lightweight new materials, and high-end manufacturing equipment, cultivate internationally competitive parts suppliers, and form a complete industrial system from parts to complete vehicles. By 2020, several automotive parts enterprise groups with a scale of more than 100 billion will be formed, with strong international competitive advantages in some key core technology fields; by 2025, several automotive parts enterprise groups will be formed that are among the top ten in the world. | x |
EV pilot projects
| Guidelines for the Scientific Planning and Construction of High-Power Charging Infrastructure | 2025 | For large-capacity and high-rate power battery application scenarios such as electric heavy trucks, electric ships, and electric aircraft, carry out single-gun megawatt-level charging technology research and pilot application. | x | x | x | ||
| Action Plan for Large-Scale Equipment Renewal in Transportation | 2024 | Combined with the pilot area of comprehensive electrification of urban public vehicles, guide local governments to formulate new energy vehicle renewal plans according to local conditions and promote them in stages and levels. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Reducing Costs, Improving Quality and Increasing Efficiency of Transportation and Logistics | 2024 | Deepen the pilot of comprehensive electrification of vehicles in urban public areas. | x | x | x | ||
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | In Zhangjiakou and other cities, we will promote the pilot application of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles for intercity passenger transport, heavy trucks, cold chain logistics vehicles, etc. | x | ||||
| Medium- and long-term plan for the development of the hydrogen energy industry (2021-2035) | 2021 | In places where conditions permit, pilot applications of fuel cell commercial vehicles can be carried out in public service fields such as urban buses, logistics distribution vehicles, and sanitation vehicles. | x |
Ecodriving
| Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030 ('1+N') | 2021 | We will develop public transport service systems that are fast, convenient, comfortable, and linked efficiently, and actively encourage people to choose green and low-carbon means of transportation. | x |
Economic instruments - General
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Integrated Development of Transportation and Energy | 2025 | Support distributed new energy power generation along transportation infrastructure to participate in market-based transactions, encourage clean energy power generation projects along transportation infrastructure to carry out direct connection or sign multi-year power purchase and sales agreements according to local conditions, and promote the nearby consumption of distributed new energy. Accelerate the construction of the electricity spot market, and use time-of-use electricity prices to increase users' enthusiasm for participating in vehicle-grid interaction. Improve the system and mechanism for government investment to effectively drive social investment, promote fair opening of competitive infrastructure areas to business entities, and standardize the implementation of new mechanisms for government and social capital cooperation. | |||||
| Implementation details of subsidies for new energy city buses and power battery renewal in 2025 | 2025 | The subsidy funds for new energy city buses and power battery renewal are shared by the central and local governments at a ratio of 90:10, and the specific sharing ratio is determined by region. Among them, the eastern provinces share the ratio of 85:15, the central provinces share the ratio of 90:10, and the western provinces share the ratio of 95:5. The provincial governments will arrange matching funds in proportion to the allocation of central funds, and the funding sharing mechanism below the provincial level will be determined by the provincial governments. | x | x | |||
| Action Plan for Innovation in Transportation Standards Management | 2024 | Provincial transport authorities are encouraged to include standard research and development, implementation evaluation, supervision and inspection, and information services into the scope of departmental budget support. Enterprises should be given full play in the demand, development, and application of standards, and more funds should be invested in standardization. | |||||
| Action Plan for Large-Scale Equipment Renewal in Transportation | 2024 | Increase financial support. Continue to implement subsidies for the elimination and renewal of old operating vehicles and vessels, and include eligible equipment renewal projects in the scope of support from central funds. Encourage qualified localities to coordinate the use of central government-allocated urban transportation development incentive funds to support the renewal of new energy urban buses and power batteries. Study and formulate implementation rules for subsidies for scrapping and renewal of old operating vehicles and ships, clarify subsidy scope, subsidy standards, operating procedures, regulatory requirements and departmental responsibilities. Local transportation authorities should formulate supporting operating rules, refine implementation measures, and standardize work. | x | x | x | ||
| Action Plan for Reducing Costs, Improving Quality and Increasing Efficiency of Transportation and Logistics | 2024 | Continue to promote tax reduction and fee reduction in transportation and logistics. Continue to implement the pilot project of road freight transport enterprises on the Internet platform to issue special value-added tax invoices on behalf of others. Pilot enterprises can issue special value-added tax invoices on behalf of qualified small-scale road freight taxpayers. Promote the full coverage of electronic invoices in the logistics field. Continue to implement various tax and fee preferential policies that have been issued. Standardize the business behavior of container yard enterprises and strictly investigate and punish unreasonable charges by taking advantage of their advantageous position. | |||||
| Action plan to promote large-scale equipment renewals and consumer product trade-ins | 2024 | Carry out car trade-in. Increase policy support, unblock circulation bottlenecks, and promote tiered and updated car consumption. Organize and carry out nationwide car trade-in promotion activities, encourage automobile manufacturers and sales companies to carry out promotion activities, and guide orderly competition in the industry. Support trade-in of eligible vehicles through the energy conservation and emission reduction subsidy funds arranged by the central government. Continue to implement the renewal subsidy for old operating vehicles and vessel, and support the renewal of old vessels, diesel trucks, etc. | x | x | |||
| Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Integration of Passenger, Freight and Postal Services in Rural Areas | 2024 | Coordinate and comprehensively utilize various funding channels to support the construction of infrastructure for the integrated development of rural passenger, freight and postal services, the opening of cooperative routes, the updating of adaptive vehicles, the construction of information platforms, etc., and give priority to the construction, renovation and expansion projects of county-level passenger stations with comprehensive service functions such as freight logistics, postal express delivery and tourism in the scope of support. | |||||
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Construction of International Aviation Hubs | 2024 | Actively create a competitive policy environment conducive to the development of aviation hubs. Strengthen cooperation with market regulatory authorities to regulate market competition. Local governments shall not arrange route subsidies for international routes connecting airports other than international hub airports. Conduct a review of the legality of international route flight subsidies to prevent some subsidy practices from disrupting my country's international air transport policy environment and fair competition market order. | x | ||||
| Implementation Plan for Innovative Application of General Aviation Equipment (2024-2030) | 2024 | Give full play to the role of the insurance compensation policy for the first major technical equipment to support the promotion and application. Give full play to the role of government procurement and increase the procurement of general aviation equipment and services of general aviation equipment. | x | ||||
| Implementation Plan for Promoting Low-Carbon Development in the Railway Industry | 2024 | Introduce preferential policies, optimize the railway freight pricing model, enhance the competitiveness of the railway transportation market, and encourage cargo owners and logistics entities to choose railway transportation. Promote publicly listed companies to disclose environmental performance and carbon emissions through social, environmental and corporate governance (ESG) reports to increase stakeholders' recognition of the companies. | x | ||||
| Notice on Supporting and Guiding the Digital Transformation and Upgrading of Road and Waterway Transportation Infrastructure | 2024 | The Ministry of Finance arranges funds in accordance with the annual support list determined by the competitive review and the funding arrangement suggestions put forward by the Ministry of Transport, combined with the financial situation, in accordance with the "combination of rewards and subsidies". The reward and subsidy funds for the highway and waterway fields are approved separately, and rewards and subsidies are given according to a certain proportion of the total investment approved by the Ministry of Transport. The reward and subsidy ratios for the eastern, central and western regions are 40%, 50% and 60% respectively. In the first year of implementation, 40% of the reward and subsidy funds for each demonstration area will be subsidized to start related work; rewards will be given later based on performance evaluation results. | |||||
| China's Rural Roads in the New Era | 2024 | The central government has also provided guidance to local governments to maximize the effective use of rural passenger transport subsidy funds. To support local governments facing funding gaps in fulfilling their fiscal powers and expenditure responsibilities for rural roads, higher-level governments will provide financial support based on evolving development goals. Strengthening oversight and efficiency in the use of rural road development funds. China has improved the transfer payment system for subsidies to local governments from the vehicle purchase tax revenue, as subsidies for rural road construction are now provided as a type of rewards for good local performance (see Panel 6). All public funds allocated to rural roads are subject to full-cycle budget performance management, ensuring efficient utilization of rural road funds. China has strengthened oversight over the use and management of rural road funds. A responsibility system has been established to ensure accountability for those who apply for funds and those who use them, guaranteeing the full and actual disbursement of funds. Relevant information is disclosed in accordance with applicable regulations for public oversight. China has also intensified debt risk prevention and control for rural road projects, ensuring that debt financing is raised in accordance with laws and regulations. | x | ||||
| Action Plan on Demonstrating and Promoting the Use of Shore Power by Container Ships and Cruise Ships on International Routes at Ports (2023-2025) | 2023 | Port companies and other relevant shore power operators are responsible for implementing the construction and renovation of shore power facilities, the testing of shore power facilities and the disclosure of related information, the publicity of shore power usage prices, and the implementation of shore power service guarantees in accordance with the division of labor. They should also sign agreements and coordinate equipment with shipping companies, establish systems for the use and maintenance of shore power, and encourage the implementation of preferential measures such as priority pilotage, priority berthing and unberthing, and reduction or exemption of shore power service fees. It is encouraged to give berthing fee discounts to ships using shore power at berthing ports, and provide shore power supply services for berthed ships. Refine and implement incentive measures. Relevant provincial transportation authorities actively strive for local support policies, improve the shore power service fee price policy, urge pilotage agencies and port enterprises to provide priority pilotage and berthing and unberthing services to international container ships and cruise ships that use shore power when berthing, reduce or exempt shore power service fees, and encourage port enterprises to give berthing fee discounts to ships that use shore power when berthing. | x | ||||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Deepen the market-oriented reform of railway transportation prices, and strictly implement relevant regulations on port operation service charges. Optimize tax and financial support. Continue to implement the policy of halving the urban land use tax for land used by logistics companies for bulk commodity storage facilities. Agricultural product wholesale markets and farmers' markets are exempt from property tax and urban land use tax. | x | x | |||
| Guiding Opinions on Further Building a High-Quality Charging Infrastructure System | 2023 | Implement the peak and valley time-of-use electricity price policy, and guide users to widely participate in intelligent and orderly charging and vehicle-grid interaction. Before 2030, the demand (capacity) electricity fee will be waived for the use of electricity by centralized charging and swapping facilities that implement a two-part electricity price. Local governments at all levels are encouraged to implement phased reductions and exemptions in the rent of charging infrastructure sites. Grid companies are encouraged to give priority to serving the construction of charging infrastructure in terms of grid access and capacity expansion. Local governments at all levels should further strengthen the guarantee of charging infrastructure development factors, meet the development needs of charging infrastructure and supporting power grid construction land, corridor space, etc., and study and provide financial support according to local conditions. Local governments are encouraged to establish operating subsidy standards linked to service quality, increase subsidies for demonstration projects such as high-power charging and vehicle-grid interaction, and support the construction of qualified charging infrastructure projects through local government special bonds. | x | ||||
| Implementation Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Charging Infrastructure to Better Support the Deployment of New Energy Vehicles to Rural Areas and Rural Revitalization | 2023 | By 2030, electricity consumption by centralized charging and swapping facilities subject to a two-part electricity price system will be exempted from demand (capacity) charges. Efficiency constraints on distribution network construction investments by power grid companies will be relaxed, and full recovery will be included in transmission and distribution price recovery. | x | ||||
| National Carbon Peak Pilot Construction Plan | 2023 | The Development and Reform Commissions of relevant provinces and regions should conscientiously perform their guidance responsibilities, urge pilot cities and parks to promote various key tasks, coordinate and solve the difficulties and problems encountered in the pilot construction in a timely manner, increase policy and financial support, and ensure that the work achieves practical results. The National Development and Reform Commission will coordinate existing funding channels with relevant parties to support pilot construction projects that meet the requirements. | |||||
| The People's Republicof China Fourth National Communication on Climate Change | 2023 | In regardtofiscal investment, more and more investments from the central budget are being channeledto climate change mitigation and adaptation and sci-tech strength building, as an effort tostabilize the strong development of clean energy; in regard to tax policies, preferential taxreduction and subsidy policies were rolled out in fields relating to newenergy vehicles, renewable energy, energy conservation, and energy efficiency improvement; in regardtogreen finance, China has continued to advance the building of standard systems, improvedregulations on supervision and information disclosures by financial institutions, put inplace the policy incentive and restraint system, brought forth new green financial productsand market systems and reinforced international cooperation on green finance. China will plan to prioritize improving investment policies, give full play to the guidingrole of government investment, impose strict controls on investment in high-carbonprojects on coal power, steel manufacturing, electrolytic aluminum, cement andpetrochemical engineering, and step up support for energy conservationandenvironmental protection, new energy, low-carbon transport equipment and organizationforms, and carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS), so as to incentivize market players to invest in low-carbon areas and motivate banks, securities, insurance companiesand fund managers, among other commercial financial institutions, to channel moremoney to fund climate change mitigation and adaptation projects. Also, it will vigorouslydevelop green finance, promote the development of green financial products and servicesin an orderly manner, reinforce studies of transition finance, encourage social capital toset up green and low-carbon industry investment funds, and work hard to launch innovativeproducts such as sustainability linked bond (SLB), catastrophe insurance and climateriskinsurance in key fields. It will enable a market-oriented mechanismand acceleratetheconstruction and improvement of the national carbon emissions trading market. Guidancewill be given to the use of market resources including venture investment funds, privateequity investment funds and trust funds, and international capital as well as loans andgrants from bilateral or multilateral organizations will be secured. Fiscal and price policiesas well as governmental green purchasing standards will be improved, and more effortswill be made to purchase green and low-carbon products. Climate change adaptationwill be better propped up from multiple dimensions by fiscal and financial policies, greenfinance market and climate investment and financing. Deepen the linkage between efforts to address climate change and economic support policies to establish a diversified policy support system including fiscal support, compensation for ecological protection, transfer payment and risk sharing. | |||||
| The People's Republicof ChinaThird Biennial Update Reporton Climate Change | 2023 | The government continues to improve energy-saving and incentives. Corporate income tax andvalue-added tax incentives are awarded to energy-saving businesses. As China improves the green financial system, it has been making use of energy efficiency credits and green bonds to support energyconservation projects. It is exploring new ground in pricing to advance greendevelopment. Pricing methods such as differential pricing, time-of-use pricing, andtiered pricing for electricity and natural gas have been adopted. It adopts environment-friendly electricity pricing to arouse the enthusiasm of market entities and the public in energy conservation. | |||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Through government purchase of services and establishment of an operation subsidy mechanism, rural passenger transport will be guaranteed to be open and operate sustainably and stably. Establish and improve a feedback mechanism whereby the value-added gains from the integrated development of land designated for urban public transport are used to support and reinvest in the public transport system. Continue to publish the China Transport Production Index, study and publish the Road Freight Transport Price Index, scientifically evaluate the dynamics of transportation service operations, strengthen the monitoring and analysis of transportation market operations, and standardize the market competition order. Comprehensively use fiscal, tax, financial, land and other policies to promote the high-quality development of integrated transportation services. Continue and optimize the central government's financial subsidy policy for rural passenger transport. | |||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation | 2022 | Guide universities, research institutes and localities to use their own funds or special funds efficiently, and ensure the construction of basic, strategic and public welfare research, leading talents in scientific and technological innovation, and innovation teams in key areas. Encourage state-owned enterprises in transportation to set up research and development reserves that are earmarked for specific purposes, independently accounted for, and not included in the assessment of value-added and value preservation, and include major scientific and technological innovation breakthroughs in the performance assessment of corporate leaders. Promote the establishment of a joint fund for basic research, explore the entry of social capital into the field of transportation science and technology innovation through angel investment, venture capital, etc., and form a diversified, multi-channel, and multi-level science and technology investment system. | |||||
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | Give full play to the role of market mechanisms, and actively promote management models such as contract energy and third-party governance of environmental pollution. Strengthen the main responsibility of transportation enterprises for energy conservation and environmental protection, and encourage enterprises to take the initiative to increase investment in green development funds. Optimize regulations on the preparation of budget estimates and construction bidding management for highway engineering construction, and promote the implementation of various energy-saving and environmental protection requirements. | |||||
| "14th Five-Year" Civil Aviation Development Plan | 2021 | Improve pricing rules and strengthen fee supervision. Improve the civil aviation transport pricing mechanism and study and promote differentiated aviation service fee reform. Improve pricing rules in the civil aviation transport market and standardize the pricing practices of civil aviation transport companies. Strengthen fee supervision in monopoly sectors of civil aviation support services. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030 ('1+N') | 2021 | Optimizing economic policies. All governments should deliver greater support to work related to peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality. We will establish a sound tax policy system that is conducive to green and low-carbon development, refine and implement preferential tax policies for energy and water conservation and the comprehensive use of resources, and better leverage the role of tax in spurring environmentally friendly and low-carbon development of market entities. We will refine green pricing policy for electricity, introduce sound tiered pricing for household electricity consumption and time-of-use electricity pricing, and explore ways to establish a dynamic mechanism for adjusting time-of-use electricity pricing. We will improve the evaluation mechanism and standards for green finance and establish a sound green finance standard system. We will make an all-out effort to develop green credit, equity, bond, insurance, fund and other financial instruments. With the introduction of tools which support carbon emissions reduction, we will guide financial institutions in providing long-term, low-cost funding for green and low-carbon projects, and encourage development and policy-backed financial institutions to provide continued long-term financial support for peaking carbon dioxide emissions initiatives by employing market-oriented and law-based measures. We will expand the depth and width of the green bond market, and support qualified green enterprises in their efforts to go public and refinance. We will research to set up a national fund for low-carbon transformation to support traditional industries and resource-rich regions in pursuing green transformations. Nongovernmental capital will be encouraged to set up green and low- carbon industry investment funds in a market-based manner. | |||||
| Opinions on Strengthening the Protection of Truck Drivers' Rights and Interests | 2021 | Reasonably guide the supply of the freight market. Strengthen the monitoring and analysis of the operation of the road freight market, regularly publish the road freight price index, guide the market expectations of truck owners and drivers, and promote the reasonable matching of transportation capacity and freight demand. Guide relevant industry associations to regularly publish regional road freight price indexes to guide shippers, logistics companies, and truck drivers to set reasonable prices. | x | ||||
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | Establish and improve a funding guarantee system that is compatible with the characteristics of the transportation development stage. Define the central and local fiscal powers and expenditure responsibilities in the field of transportation, and ensure that various transportation special funds support transportation development. Policy system improvement for supporting the construction and operation of public welfare infrastructure. Increase support for underdeveloped areas and border areas. | |||||
| Promote the development of multimodal transport, optimize and adjust the transport structure Work Program (2021-2025) | 2021 | Coordinate the use of vehicle purchase tax funds, central budget investment and other channels to increase support for the development of multimodal transport and the adjustment of transport structure. Encourage social capital to take the lead in establishing a multimodal transport industry fund and operate and manage it in a market-oriented manner. Encourage local governments to further increase financial investment according to their actual conditions. | x | x | x | ||
| Intellegent Automobile innovation and development strategy | 2020 | Utilize multiple funding channels to support the research and development and industrialization of common key technologies for intellegent vehicles, the construction of major projects for smart transportation and smart city infrastructure, etc. Strengthen the guidance of tax and financial policies, and provide qualified enterprises with preferential tax deductions before corporate income tax in accordance with the current tax policy, and implement preferential tax policies for small and medium-sized enterprises and start-ups. Use policy tools such as financial leasing to focus on supporting the development of new formats and models. | x | ||||
| Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Nation | 2019 | Optimize the business environment. Improve market governance rules, further promote streamlining administration and delegating power, break down regional barriers, prevent market monopoly, improve the transportation price formation mechanism, and build a unified, open, competitive and orderly modern transportation market system. Fully implement the negative list system for market access and build a new regulatory mechanism based on credit. |
Economy-wide GHG emissions mandates
| The People's Republicof ChinaThird Biennial Update Reporton Climate Change | 2023 | In 2020, China's carbon emissions per unit of GDP reduced by 48.4%compared to that of 2005, over-fulfilled China's pledge to the international society to reduce 40%-45% by 2020. |
Education and behavior change - General
| China's Policies and Actions Addressing Climate Change 2024 Annual Report | 2024 | Activities for the Green Travel Publicity Month and Public Transport Week continue to be carried out. | |||||
| Implementation Plan for Innovative Application of General Aviation Equipment (2024-2030) | 2024 | Guide all parties to standardize the development of high-level general aviation exhibitions, forums, and competitions, and regularly organize supply and demand matching meetings. Develop aviation science education and vigorously cultivate a general aviation consumer culture. | x | ||||
| Notice on Further Strengthening Accessible Travel Services for the Elderly | 2024 | Strengthen publicity and guidance. All localities should give full play to the role of public opinion guidance, carry out various forms of concentrated publicity through theme activities such as Green Travel Promotion Month and Public Transportation Promotion Week, National Disability Assistance Day, and National "Respect for the Aged Month", and create a good atmosphere for barrier-free travel suitable for the elderly. All localities should form volunteer teams and organize special training and publicity and education activities for barrier-free travel suitable for the elderly. | |||||
| China's Energy Transition | 2024 | Green travel is promoted as the public are encouraged to make public transport, cycling, and walking their first choices for getting around. Additionally, the government has organized a green travel campaign, in which 97 of the 109 participating cities have met the standards, with their green travel rates exceeding 70 percent. | x | ||||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | We will organize green travel publicity month and public transportation travel publicity week activities every year. | |||||
| National Carbon Peak Pilot Construction Plan | 2023 | Carry out popular science education on ecological civilization in government agencies, enterprises, institutions, mass organizations, and social organizations, and popularize basic knowledge and capabilities on carbon peak and carbon neutrality. Promote green transformation of consumption in the fields of food, clothing, housing, transportation, daily necessities, and travel, promote the reduction and resource utilization of domestic waste, and promote the formation of a green and low-carbon production and lifestyle. Strengthen cadre education and training, and effectively enhance the ability to promote green and low-carbon development. | |||||
| The People's Republicof China Fourth National Communication on Climate Change | 2023 | Reinforce training for officials, specialized technical training, and public communication and education. In the 13th FYP period, the whole Chinese society has become increasingly aware of theimportance of addressing climate change. China has launched national energyconservation week and low carbon day events on a regular basis to disseminate conceptsof energy conservation and low-carbon development. The strengths of traditional mediaand new media have been stretched to better publicize events or campaigns for addressingclimate change. Venues on and off campus have been leveraged to include the knowledgeof addressing climate change in teaching courses, practical education, family educationand cadre training. China has continued to reinforce eco-civilization education in elementary and middleschools and clearly requires that students should be taught the basic knowledge of climatechange, ecological environment, as well as the hazards and implications in such courses assciences and comprehensive practices and activities. In addition, China has rampedupefforts to promote climate change-related majors in institutions of higher learning. | |||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Promote the construction of national road transport safety alarming education bases. Actively utilize government websites, radio and television, Weibo, WeChat and other channels to strengthen the publicity of advanced deeds in the transportation service field, promote transportation culture, and convey positive energy in the industry. | |||||
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | Continue to carry out green transportation publicity and education, guide the entire industry to enhance the concept of ecological civilization, and form a joint force for the whole society to care about, support and participate in the green development of transportation. Carry out green transportation publicity in conjunction with World Environment Day, Energy Conservation Publicity Week, Science and Technology Activity Week, Green Travel Publicity Month and Public Transportation Publicity Week. | |||||
| National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy 2035 | 2022 | Strengthen advocacy and education. We should carry out publicity activities on climate change adaptation in conjunction with important time nodes. We should compile a series of popular science education books on climate change adaptation, and promote climate change adaptation in schools through subject education, extracurricular activities, lectures and seminars. We should strengthen experience exchange and publicity of typical climate change adaptation cases. We should also innovate publicity methods and modes, popularize the idea of climate adaption, and guide green consumption and climate adaptive lifestyles, while strengthening publicity of China's climate change adaptation measures and achievements abroad. | |||||
| Outline of the Medium- and Long-Term Development Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation (2021-2035) | 2022 | Build a national transportation news and publicity information sharing cloud platform, strengthen public opinion guidance, timely publicize and report the progress and achievements of scientific and technological innovation, and fully enhance the public's enthusiasm for extensive participation and support for scientific and technological innovation. Improve the ability to popularize science and technology. Coordinate the popular science resources in the field of transportation, build a high-level national transportation popular science base, and improve the service capacity of popular science education bases. Give full play to the leading role of scientists and engineering and technical personnel in popular science dissemination, and promote the organic combination of technology research and development, achievement promotion, education and training, and popular science propaganda. Make full use of new generation information technology to improve the service and dissemination capacity of transportation popular science. | |||||
| "14th Five-Year" Civil Aviation Development Plan | 2021 | Strengthen the cultivation of green awareness among air traffic controllers during training. Research and develop green Air Traffic Control guidelines and evaluation methods to encourage controllers to actively apply green control methods in practice. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030 ('1+N') | 2021 | We will implement green and low-carbon thought throughout the whole process of planning, building, operating, and maintaining transport infrastructure, reducing lifecycle energy consumption and carbon emissions. | |||||
| Comprehensive work plan for energy conservation and emission reduction in the 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Carry out nationwide actions. Deepen the green life creation action, enhance the awareness of conservation among the whole people, advocate a simple, moderate, green, low-carbon, civilized and healthy lifestyle, resolutely resist and oppose all forms of extravagance and waste, and create a green and low-carbon social trend. Promote green consumption, increase the promotion of green and low-carbon products, organize and carry out theme publicity activities such as the National Energy Conservation Publicity Week and World Environment Day, and widely publicize energy conservation and emission reduction laws, standards and knowledge through various communication channels and methods. Increase the research and development and promotion of advanced energy conservation and emission reduction technologies. Give full play to the role of industry associations, business groups and public welfare organizations, and support the public welfare cause of energy conservation and emission reduction. Unblock channels for the public to participate in ecological environment supervision. Carry out voluntary commitments for energy conservation and emission reduction, and guide market entities and the public to consciously fulfill their responsibilities for energy conservation and emission reduction. | |||||
| Opinions on Strengthening the Protection of Truck Drivers' Rights and Interests | 2021 | Strengthen the publicity and popularization of transportation laws and regulations among truck drivers. | x | ||||
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | Improve the safety publicity and education system, and strengthen the public's awareness of safety and the rule of law. Strengthen traffic manners publicity and education, promote excellent traffic culture, and improve the law-abiding awareness and moral level of traffic participants. | |||||
| Action Plan for Green Mobility | 2020 | Organize green travel and public transportation travel and other theme publicity activities every year. Carry out public opinion consultation, volunteer activities and third-party evaluation. Strengthen publicity and communication. Transportation authorities at all levels should take the initiative to coordinate with publicity departments and organize the media to use various channels and methods to vigorously publicize green travel creation actions and green living concepts and lifestyles, promote good experiences and practices in green travel, and create a good social atmosphere. The Ministry of Transport will work with relevant departments to carry out activities such as the Green Travel Promotion Month, Public Transport Promotion Week, and National Energy Conservation Promotion Week, to thoroughly summarize and widely publicize typical practices in various places, and commend advanced collectives and individuals in the activities. | x | ||||
| Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Nation | 2019 | Carry out green travel actions and advocate the concept of green and low-carbon travel. | |||||
| The People's Republic of China Second Biennial Update Report on Climate Change | 2018 | China should improve its education, publicity and training related to response to climate change, and enhance public awareness and participation, which is a demand from transformation of traditional production and consumption mode, and also a requirement for fulfillment of the Convention. First, China has great capacity building needs for education and training in respect of addressing climate change, and raising of public awareness; China needs to further create an atmosphere favoring enterprises' participation and the public's voluntary actions as guided by the government, raise enterprises' consciousness of social responsibility, improve public awareness and increase public participation capacity. Second, China needs to continue to develop and improve its approaches for education and training in respect of addressing climate change, and raising of public awareness, open more channels for public participation and strive to raise the public awareness for addressing climate change. Third, China needs to increase the participation by experts and scientific research institutions, carry out international cooperation to provide education and training to government officials, enterprise management personnel, media practitioners, and relevant professional personnel in respect of addressing climate change, improve their awareness and capacity, promote objective and continuous media coverage, raise the public's awareness of global climate change and their initiative in taking corresponding actions. |
Education curriculum sensitizing about transport subsector
| Action Plan to Effectively Reduce Logistics Costs in the Whole Society | 2024 | Promote colleges and vocational schools to strengthen the construction of related disciplines such as logistics, procurement, and supply chain. Support colleges and universities with conditions to deepen cooperation with domestic and foreign logistics companies to create a professional talent training model that integrates talent training, research and innovation, and service enterprises. | |||||
| Implementation Plan for Innovative Application of General Aviation Equipment (2024-2030) | 2024 | Support colleges and universities to strengthen the construction of general aviation-related disciplines and majors, and build a number of characteristic colleges. Focusing on the frontier and emerging cross-cutting fields of general aviation, deepen the integration of industry and education, and promote the joint and precise training of talents by colleges and universities, scientific research institutions and enterprises. Carry out professional talent training such as eVTOL pilots and operators, and promote the formation of norms in the fields of consistent driving and control of emerging aviation equipment and technical training of pilots. | x | ||||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Promote the construction of national high-end think tanks, strengthen the construction of new think tank alliances in transportation, guide industry scientific research units, colleges and universities, party schools, large enterprise research teams, etc. to accelerate the transformation to new think tanks, support and guide local transportation departments to carry out the construction of new think tanks, give full play to the role of 'old transportation' think tanks, and build a high-level, multi-level, and distinctive new think tank system for transportation. | |||||
| Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the High-Quality Development of Modern Shipping Services | 2023 | Encourage enterprises, universities, research institutions, etc. to carry out research on major areas such as shipping service industry development strategy, international rules and systems, vigorously develop shipping information services, improve the level of shipping information services, and form a group of shipping think tanks and consulting service agencies with international influence. Rely on Dalian Maritime University, Shanghai Maritime University and other institutions to build international maritime law education centers. Optimize the education and training system and examination system for seafarers, and strengthen the training of seafarers in new energy and new business forms such as LNG. | x | x | |||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation | 2022 | Support colleges and universities to optimize their discipline layout and strengthen the discipline and professional settings in the fields of comprehensive transportation, cutting-edge intersections, etc. | |||||
| Medium- and long-term plan for the development of the hydrogen energy industry (2021-2035) | 2021 | Encourage vocational colleges (including technical colleges) to open relevant majors and cultivate high-quality technical and skilled talents and other practitioners. | |||||
| 14th Five Year Plan for the Construction of Modern Logistics System | 2020 | Accelerate the training of professional talents in circulation. Adhere to the guidance of combining production, learning, research and application, encourage scientific research institutes, colleges and universities, and vocational schools to strengthen the construction of circulation-related disciplines, establish a circulation talent training mechanism in conjunction with enterprises, and cultivate interdisciplinary and compound circulation professionals. Follow the development trend of the circulation field, guide social institutions and enterprises to strengthen cooperation, strengthen on-the-job education and skills training, and continuously improve the employment ability of circulation practitioners. Increase the training and introduction of high-level circulation talents with a global vision and familiar with international rules. | |||||
| Mid- to Long-term Development Plan for the Automotive Industry | 2017 | Improve the technological innovation system with enterprises as the main body, market-oriented, and combining production, learning, research and application, establish a cross-industry collaborative platform, promote mass entrepreneurship and innovation, and form a systematic technological innovation capability. Encourage innovation entities such as enterprises, institutes, and universities to allocate innovation resources around the industrial chain and establish manufacturing innovation centers in the automotive field such as power batteries and intelligent connected vehicles. Improve certification, inspection and testing capabilities, promote the establishment of automobile development databases, engineering data centers, and patent databases, and provide enterprises with open sharing services for innovative knowledge and engineering data. Accelerate the R&D and industrialization of new energy vehicle technology. Use corporate investment, social capital, and national science and technology plans (special projects, funds, etc.) to coordinate and organize enterprises, universities, research institutes, etc. to jointly tackle key problems, focusing on the deployment of tasks around six innovation chains, including power batteries and battery management systems, motor drives and power electronics assemblies, electric vehicle intelligent technologies, fuel cell power systems, plug-in/extended-range hybrid systems, and pure electric power systems. | x |
Emissions trading and carbon pricing
| Action Plan for Energy Conservation and Carbon Reduction 2024-2025 | 2024 | We will steadily expand the coverage of the national carbon emission rights trading market, and gradually implement a combination of free and paid carbon emission quota allocation methods. We will implement carbon emission quota management for key emission units included in the national carbon emission rights trading market. We will orderly build a voluntary greenhouse gas emission reduction trading market and consolidate the data quality supervision mechanism. We will accelerate the construction of the green certificate trading market, do a good job in connecting it with the carbon market, and expand the scale of green electricity consumption. | |||||
| Action Plan for Reducing Costs, Improving Quality and Increasing Efficiency of Transportation and Logistics | 2024 | Promote the establishment of carbon asset management and carbon emission accounting mechanisms in the field of transportation and logistics. | |||||
| China's Policies and Actions Addressing Climate Change 2024 Annual Report | 2024 | The Interim Regulations on the Management of Carbon Emissions Trading (Trial) have been released and taken effect. These regulations define the main components of the carbon market and assign legal responsibilities to participants. They also strengthen supervision and enforcement, with strict penalties for non-compliance—reflecting China's commitment to the strictest environmental laws and regulations. The foundational policy and regulatory framework has been established. The Measures for the Administration of Carbon Emissions Trading (Trial) were issued, along with rules for registration, trading, and settlement. Guidelines for carbon emission accounting, verification, and allowance allocation have also been developed and revised. Together with the Interim Regulations, these documents form a framework comprising administrative regulations, departmental rules, normative documents, and technical standards at multiple levels. China's national carbon market management platform was launched in 2023, achieving smart and digitalized list management, emissions management, data quality supervision, verification management, and quota management. It has enriched technical methods for data quality management through the use of big data. The national unified greenhouse gas voluntary emission reduction registration and trading systems were also put into operation. | |||||
| Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the High-Quality Development of Modern Shipping Services | 2023 | Study and promote the development of the shipping carbon trading market. | x | ||||
| Implementation Opinions on Strengthening the Integration and Interaction of New Energy Vehicles and Power Grids | 2023 | Explore implementation paths for the aggregation of various charging and swapping facilities as flexible resources to participate in spot markets, green certificate trading, and carbon trading. | x | ||||
| The People's Republicof China Fourth National Communication on Climate Change | 2023 | Efforts were made to continuously promote the launch of pilot projects of local carbonemission rights trading. In 2011, the local pilot projects of carbon emission rights trading(hereinafter referred to as the carbon market) were launched in seven provinces andcities, including Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Chongqing, Guangdong, Hubei and Shenzhen, covering nearly 3,000 key emission units in various industries, such as electricity, ironandsteel and cement. These pilot carbon markets continuously deepened the constructionof the institutional system, gradually expanded its coverage, explored ways to optimize quotaallocation, improved the technical specifications of carbon emission monitoring, accounting, reporting and verification and data quality management, optimizedthemanagement process of the carbon market, strengthened market supervision, enhancedcompliance management, and innovated business forms such as carbon inclusiveness(TanPu Hui). The compliance rate of the pilot carbon markets remained at a high level, andit showed an increasing trend year by year. The low-carbon awareness of enterprises wasconstantly raised, which effectively promoted the reduction of the total amount andintensity of carbon emissions in the pilot area, and played a positive role in achievingthegreenhouse gas emission reduction targets in the pilot areas. By the end of 2020, all thepilot carbon markets had organized paid allocation of quotas, with a total of 38paidauctions and a cumulative trading volume of about 42.299 million tons. The building of a national market for carbon emission rights trading was accelerated. Thecompetent national departments in charge of addressing climate change issuedtheConstruction Plan on the National Market for Carbon Emission Rights Trading (ElectricityGeneration), taking the industry of electricity generation as the starting point to establishthe national carbon market step by step; they also issued the Measures for theManagement of Carbon Emission Rights Trading (for trial implementation), the National Implementation Plan for the Total Quota Setting and Allocation of Carbon EmissionRights Trading in 2019-2020 (Electricity Generation) and the List of Key EmissionUnitsunder the National Quota Management of Carbon Emission Rights Trading in 2019-2020. These competent departments required all regions to organize key emission units tomonitor, report and verify carbon emission data annually, conduct research onthebenchmark value of quota allocation in the industry of electricity generation and organizethe trial calculation of quota allocation in the power industry, steadily promotetheestablishment of the national registration system and trading system of carbon emissionrights, and organize large-scale capacity-building / training activities for local teams for climate change response and key emission units in the industry of electricity generation, making preparations for the online trading of carbon emission rights in China. The voluntary emission reduction trading mechanism was improved. In 2012, Chinaestablished its voluntary GHG emission reduction trading mechanism. During the 13thFYP period, China continued to improve the voluntary GHG emission reduction tradingmechanism and revised the Interim Measures for the Management of VoluntaryGreenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Trading. By the end of 2020, the voluntary emissionreduction trading showed a steady and rising trend, and the cumulative volumeof voluntary greenhouse gas emission reduction certified by the country was about 268million tons. | |||||
| China's Green Development in the New Era | 2023 | China has established initial allocation and trading systems for water, energy, pollution, and carbon permits. With the opening of the national carbon emissions trading market and trials in green electricity trading, progress is being made in allowing the market to play a fundamental role in the allocation of eco-environmental resources. | |||||
| The People's Republicof ChinaThird Biennial Update Reporton Climate Change | 2023 | Since 2011, seven carbon trading pilot regions including Beijingand Shanghai have issued methodological guidelines for corporate GHGemissionaccounting in corresponding regions based on the needs of constructing carbon market. | |||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Establish a sharing mechanism for important basic data such as transportation equipment and transportation activities, improve the monitoring, reporting and verification system for energy consumption and carbon emissions in the transportation service field, and lay the foundation for the research and formulation of a carbon trading system in the transportation service field. | |||||
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | Explore the application of market mechanisms such as carbon credits, contract energy management, and carbon emission verification in the industry. | |||||
| China's submission to the global stocktake | 2022 | 6. Promoting the construction of a national carbon emission trading market. China's national carbon emission trading market (hereinafter referred to as the national carbon market) officially launched online trading on July 16, 2021. The carbon emissions trading pilots in 7 provinces (cities) including Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Chongqing, Guangdong, Hubei and Shenzhen, cover nearly 3,000 key emission units in more than 20 industries including electricity, steel, and cement. | |||||
| "14th Five-Year" Civil Aviation Development Plan | 2021 | Improve the institutional arrangements for civil aviation carbon emissions pricing, strengthen the development of civil aviation carbon emissions monitoring, reporting, and verification mechanisms, and guide all entities to increase investment in green development. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan on Modern Energy System Planning | 2021 | Accelerate the construction of the national carbon emission trading market, and promote the transformation of the "dual control" of energy consumption to the "dual control" of total carbon emissions and intensity. | |||||
| China First NDC (Updated submission) | 2021 | China's national carbon market will start trading. The carbon emissions trading pilots have been lunched in seven provinces and cities including Beijing, covering nearly 3,000 key emission entities in industries such as electric power, steel, and cement. As of December 31, 2019, a cumulative amount of approximately 368 million tons of CO2 emission allowances have been traded on spot in the seven pilot areas, involving about 8.128 billion yuan. Strengthen the market-based mechanisms including carbon trading Carbon market will be kept as a policy instrument to control GHG emissions, and will effectively leverage the carbon market to control GHG emissions and reduce mitigation costs for the whole society. While perfecting the national carbon market management system, the registration system, trading system and other infrastructure will be enhanced. The trading system of voluntary GHG emission reductions will be improved. Carbon sink trading will be integrated into the national carbon emissions trading market, and a sound compensation mechanism for ecological protection that reflects the value of carbon sinks will be established. Based on the well functioning of national carbon market for power sector, China will enlarge the coverage of industries, especially to include more the high emission industries, enrich trading varieties, methods and participants, and enhance market activity, contributing to stable and effective operation and sound and sustainable development of the national carbon market. The system of paid use and trading of energy use rights will be further improved. Altogether, China will coordinate electricity trading, energy-use rights trading and carbon emissions trading as a whole. | |||||
| China's Mid-Century Long-Term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development Strategy | 2021 | Give full play to the role of market mechanisms in controlling GHG emission, accelerate the establishment and stable operation of a national carbon emission trading market with complete legal systems, fair and scientific quotas, active and credible emission control manners, active and orderly transactions, reliable facilities. | |||||
| Comprehensive work plan for energy conservation and emission reduction in the 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Deepen the paid use and trading pilot of energy rights, strengthen the coordinated connection between energy rights trading and carbon emission rights trading, and promote the flow and aggregation of energy elements to high-quality projects, enterprises, industries and regions with good economic development conditions. Cultivate and develop the pollution rights trading market, and encourage qualified regions to expand the scope of pollution rights trading pilots. | |||||
| China's First NDC Submission | 2016 | • To build on carbon emission trading pilots, steadily implementing a nationwide carbon emission trading system and gradually establishing the carbon emission trading mechanism so as to make the market play the decisive role in resource allocation; and • To develop mechanisms for the reporting, verifying and certificating of carbon emissions and to improve rules and regulations for carbon emission trading to ensure openness, fairness and justice in the operation of the carbon emission trading market. |
Employment in transport, communication, and storage
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Vigorously develop the "road-derived economy", promote the integrated development of rural roads with industries, tourism, culture, etc., actively promote work-for-relief in the field of transportation infrastructure construction and management, and continuously increase the development of rural road-related employment positions, so that the sense of gain of farmers has been significantly enhanced. Improve and perfect the volunteer service system and work system in transportation, and strive to cultivate modern transportation civilization. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of employees. Continue to carry out the selection of "the most beautiful truck driver", "the most beautiful bus driver", "the most beautiful subway driver" and "the most beautiful taxi driver", and continuously enhance the professional sense of belonging and honor of employees. Promote the construction of the occupational security system for employees, actively coordinate with departments such as human resources and social security, trade unions, etc., improve working conditions, increase job wages, strengthen labor protection for employees such as drivers of operating passenger and freight vehicles, urban bus drivers, taxi drivers, and urban rail transit, implement welfare measures such as regular physical examinations and regular vacations for operating drivers, urge enterprises to establish and improve labor security rules and regulations, pay social insurance according to law, and study and carry out pilot projects for occupational injury protection for employees in new transportation formats. | |||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Optimize the working environment of professional drivers, couriers, crew members, etc., and strengthen the quality management of motor vehicle driver training. | x | x | |||
| Opinions on Strengthening the Protection of Truck Drivers' Rights and Interests | 2021 | Promote truck drivers to participate in social insurance. Research and improve the social security policy for truck drivers, innovate the insurance participation method, optimize the handling services, support the inclusion of intra-city freight platform companies in the occupational injury protection pilot, and effectively safeguard the relevant rights and interests of truck drivers. Improve social insurance services, and improve the fairness and convenience of truck drivers' participation in insurance and benefits. | x |
Energy efficient vehicle incentives excl. EVs
| China's Policies and Actions Addressing Climate Change 2024 Annual Report | 2024 | It has optimized and extended the vehicle purchase tax exemption and reduction policy for new energy vehicles until the end of 2027, and set a limit for the reduction and exemption of vehicle purchase tax for new energy passenger vehicles. | x | ||||
| Implementation Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Charging Infrastructure to Better Support the Deployment of New Energy Vehicles to Rural Areas and Rural Revitalization | 2023 | Provide diversified purchasing support policies. Encourage qualified localities to provide consumer vouchers and other support to rural residents who purchase new energy vehicles within their registered county. Encourage relevant automobile companies and qualified localities to offer trade-in incentives for replacing old low-speed electric vehicles with new ones. Encourage local governments to strengthen government-enterprise collaboration and launch initiatives such as offering charging coupons with vehicle purchases. Increase credit support for auto consumption in rural areas, and encourage financial institutions to reasonably determine down payment ratios, loan interest rates, and repayment periods, compliant with laws and regulations and with manageable risks. | x | ||||
| The People's Republicof China Fourth National Communication on Climate Change | 2023 | China has rolled out fiscal policies to promote NEVs, such as grants of financial subsidies. The Ministry of Finance joins hands with other departments to increasingly improve policies for subsidizing NEV purchases, tighten technical thresholds for subsidies, and reduce subsidies gradually in rational magnitude and pace to advance the high-quality development of NEVs. Measures such as differentiated consumption tax rates, and reduction of and exemption from vehicle purchase tax and vehicle and vessel tax have been taken to promote green and low-carbon mobility. Applicable consumption tax rates for passenger vehicles and motorcycles have been set according to the principle that “the larger engine capacity a vehicle has, the more tax the owner has to pay”; NEV purchases have been exempted from tax. Since 2019, the Ministry of Industry and InformationTechnology and the State Taxation Administration have jointly listed 8,712energy-efficient NEV models qualified for vehicle and vessel tax reduction and exemptionin 38 batches, 14,333 energy-efficient NEV models qualified for purchase tax exemptionin 38 batches, and 5,318 NEV models covered by promotion and application campaignstypes in 29 batches. | x | ||||
| Financial Subsidy Policy for the Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles (2020) | 2020 | Promote the implementation of support policies such as exemption from purchase restrictions, exemption from restrictions, and road rights for new energy vehicles, increase the governance of diesel trucks, and improve the advantages of using new energy vehicles. | x |
Environment impact assessment
| National Highway Network Plan | 2022 | Integrate ecological protection, green and low-carbon concepts into the entire process and all links of highway planning, design, construction, operation, management and maintenance to reduce resource and energy consumption and carbon emissions throughout the entire life cycle. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year" Civil Aviation Development Plan | 2021 | Strengthen the construction of noise monitoring and prevention infrastructure at newly built and renovated airports, and implement noise pollution prevention and control measures approved by environmental impact assessments.Increase efforts to prevent and control air pollution at airports. Accelerate the development of an airport regional environmental quality assessment system, and strengthen air quality monitoring and management in airports and surrounding areas. Consolidate and deepen the achievements of civil aviation in securing blue skies. | x | x |
Excavation/dredging
| Opinions on promoting high-quality development of inland waterway transportation | 2025 | Build green and beautiful waterways. Actively promote the construction and maintenance of green waterways, strictly implement ecological protection and restoration measures, develop and apply new structures, new materials, new processes, and new equipment, and carry out waterway regulation, maintenance and dredging of sand, and comprehensive utilization of earth and stone in accordance with the law and in an orderly manner. | x | ||||
| Opinions on Strengthening the Planning and Construction of Coastal and Inland Ports and Waterways in the New Era | 2024 | Build green ports and waterways, encourage the construction and use of photovoltaic, wind, and shore-based power facilities, promote the use of new and clean energy, strengthen ecological and environmental protection and pollution control, conserve and intensively utilize land and other resources, and promote the comprehensive utilization of dredged soil. | x | ||||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Further strengthen the comprehensive utilization of dredged soil from waterways in the Yangtze River mainline and other areas. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Water Transport | 2021 | Promote the ecological protection and restoration of waterway facilities. Promote the application of new energy-saving and water-saving technologies and processes, and comprehensively utilize dredged soil, construction materials, and waste materials. | x |
Express lanes/ public transport priority
| Action Plan for Energy Conservation and Carbon Reduction 2024-2025 | 2024 | Develop urban rail transit and rapid bus systems according to local conditions, and accelerate the continuous network of bus lanes. Implement the strategy of giving priority to the development of urban public transportation. | x | x | |||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Promote the coordinated control of urban road traffic lights to ensure priority for public transportation. | x | ||||
| China's Mid-Century Long-Term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development Strategy | 2021 | Strengthen the comprehensive management of urban traffic congestion, give priority to the development of urban public transportation, encourage the public to preferentially choose urban public transportation to travel, improve the urban slow traffic system, and increase the proportion of green travel. | x | x | |||
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | We will implement the public transportation priority development strategy, build an urban public transportation system with urban rail transit as the backbone and conventional public transportation as the main body, promote the urban land development model oriented towards public transportation, and increase the share of urban green transportation. | x | x | x | ||
| Action Plan for Green Mobility | 2020 | The number of dedicated bus lanes and priority lanes will be significantly improved. | x |
Financial instruments to support decarbonisation - General
| Implementation Plan for Promoting Low-Carbon Development in the Railway Industry | 2024 | Promote the deep integration of green finance and the green and low-carbon development of the railway system, issue green project identification and quantification standards, and support financial institutions to provide green financial services to railway system enterprises using financial instruments such as green credit and green bonds. | x | ||||
| China's Energy Transition | 2024 | Additionally, increasing support from the central budget, local government special bonds, and the National Green Development Fund has been given to clean and low-carbon energy projects. The country is creating a green financial system to guide financial institutions in increasing green loans under market principles in accordance with the rule of law, while also supporting enterprises in issuing green bonds. | |||||
| National Carbon Peak Pilot Construction Plan | 2023 | Financial institutions are encouraged to support the construction of carbon peak pilot cities and parks, and comprehensively use financial tools such as green credit, green bonds, and green funds to increase support for relevant green and low-carbon projects in a market-oriented manner. | |||||
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | Establish a green transportation development and construction investment mechanism guided by national and local government funds and dominated by corporate funds. Coordinate the use of existing central fiscal funding channels to guide green transportation development and increase local fiscal funding support at all levels. Actively strive for funding support from the National Green Development Fund, the National Low-Carbon Transformation Fund, and other funds, and promote research on green finance to support green development of transportation. | |||||
| Implementation Opinions on Further Improving the Service Capabilities of Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure | 2022 | Improve financial service capabilities. Innovatively use financial instruments such as special bonds and funds to focus on supporting charging facilities and supporting power grid construction and transformation projects. Encourage various financial institutions to provide financial support for the construction of charging facilities through various channels. Encourage insurance institutions to develop insurance products suitable for charging facilities. | x | ||||
| National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy 2035 | 2022 | The carbon emission information disclosure framework should be improved, and financial institutions should be encouraged to disclose exposure to highcarbon assets and establish emergency disclosure mechanisms for climate-related risks and emergencies. We should also encourage the dynamic management of climate risks through fintech and other measures. Enterprises and financial institutions are encouraged to establish transformation strategies, pathways and targets that are consistent with the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality. | |||||
| Comprehensive work plan for energy conservation and emission reduction in the 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Improve the green financial system, vigorously develop green credit, support energy conservation and emission reduction in key industries, make good use of carbon emission reduction support tools and special re-loans to support clean and efficient use of coal, and strengthen environmental and social risk management. Encourage qualified regions to explore the establishment of supporting support policies such as green loan fiscal subsidies, rewards and subsidies, risk compensation, and credit guarantees. Accelerate the development of green bonds and support eligible energy-saving and emission-reduction enterprises to go public for financing and refinancing. | |||||
| Notice 655/2021 on Pollution Control, Energy Conservation and Carbon Reduction | 2021 | Focus on supporting energy-saving upgrades and comprehensive energy efficiency improvements in urban buildings, transportation, lighting, heating and other infrastructure. Arrangement standards: Energy-saving and carbon-reduction projects shall not exceed 15% of the total project investment. In principle, relevant projects of the central and state organs will be fully subsidized. Circular economy development projects focus on supporting the circular transformation of industrial parks, the construction of resource recycling bases, the harmless treatment and resource utilization of typical urban wastes such as scrapped cars, used electronic products, used batteries, used tires, and waste plastics, and biodegradable plastic projects. Arrangement standards: not exceed 15% of the total project investment. | |||||
| China's First NDC Submission | 2016 | Increase financial and policy support. Further increase fiscal investment, actively innovate the use of fiscal funds, and explore new low-carbon investment and financing mechanisms such as Public-Private-Partnership. Implement tax incentives to promote the development of new energy, and improve the pricing, access to the grid and procurement mechanisms for solar power, wind power, and hydropower. Improve the government's green procurement policy system, including low-carbon energy saving. Deepen the price and tax reform of energy and resource products. Improve the green credit mechanism, encourage and guide financial institutions to actively carry out energy efficiency credit business, and issue green credit asset securitization products. Improve climate change disaster insurance policies. |
Fleet-specific improvement for freight
| Action Plan for Large-Scale Equipment Renewal in Transportation | 2024 | Encourage local governments to promote the application of new energy trucks in urban logistics distribution, port collection and distribution | |||||
| Action Plan for Reducing Costs, Improving Quality and Increasing Efficiency of Transportation and Logistics | 2024 | Encourage the development of zero-emission freight fleets. Encourage the development of zero-emission freight fleets. | x | ||||
| Action plan to promote large-scale equipment renewals and consumer product trade-ins | 2024 | Continue to implement the renewal subsidy for old operating vehicles and vessel, and support the renewal of old vessels, diesel trucks, etc. | x | x |
Fossil fuel subsidy rationalization
| Comprehensive work plan for energy conservation and emission reduction in the 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Gradually standardize and cancel inefficient fossil energy subsidies. |
Freight and logistics improvements - General
| Guidelines for the Scientific Planning and Construction of High-Power Charging Infrastructure | 2025 | Actively deploy special high-power charging facilities for public transportation, logistics, medium and heavy freight, etc. | x | ||||
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Integrated Development of Transportation and Energy | 2025 | Promote the development of green and low-carbon postal express delivery. Promote the use of new energy postal express delivery vehicles, and increase the promotion and application of drones and unmanned vehicles on the premise of ensuring safety. Actively promote the use of sustainable aviation fuels in delivery and express air transportation. Eliminate old sorting equipment, promote the iteration of intelligent sorting equipment sets, improve sorting efficiency, and promote the intelligent and low-carbon upgrading of equipment. | x | x | |||
| Opinions on promoting high-quality development of inland waterway transportation | 2025 | Stimulate the vitality of market operators. Guide port and shipping companies to extend upstream and downstream businesses, provide "end-to-end" supply chain services such as multimodal transport, logistics subcontracting, warehousing and distribution, and transform into full-process logistics operators and comprehensive transportation service providers. Vigorously cultivate and develop specialized, special and new small and medium-sized shipping companies, encourage mergers and reorganizations based on ship assets, and make them stronger and better and develop in a staggered manner. Strengthen the connection between inland waterway shipping and key port-related industries and logistics industries, and promote the realization of "port-to-park" short branch waterways in areas with conditions. Promote the coordinated development of ports, industries and cities. Encourage inland port enterprises to expand the hinterland of the port market and promote the development of upstream and downstream industries such as bulk commodity trading, agricultural product processing, and cross-border e-commerce. Give full play to the role of inland waterway shipping in promoting the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries such as petrochemicals, metallurgy and building materials, and actively serve the development of emerging industries such as new energy vehicles and power batteries. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Improving Transportation Standards (2024-2027) | 2024 | Develop information exchange and service standards such as postal integration and express integration to better support the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy. Promote the development of low-altitude economy. Develop standards for drone logistics infrastructure construction, improve standards related to unmanned logistics and distribution, and accelerate the large-scale implementation of innovative drone application scenarios. Smooth the terminal circulation network of urban and rural logistics. Accelerate the formulation of standards for the construction and operation services of rural logistics node systems, guide the construction of rural logistics station facilities with "multiple stations in one, one point with multiple functions", and smooth the micro-circulation of logistics terminals. Accelerate the formulation of standards for the selection of urban logistics distribution vehicles and the evaluation of urban green freight distribution, and promote the intensive, efficient, green and low-carbon development of urban and road freight distribution. Improve the logistics supply chain network system. Formulate standards for electronic manifests for bulk cargo imports at ports, electronic bills of lading, electronic plan lists for collection and distribution ports, and electronic weighing lists for vehicles. Develop standards for container tracking and monitoring equipment to improve the effectiveness of supply chain management organizations. Formulate standards for transportation and logistics data resources, dry bulk cargo river-sea combined transport port data exchange, and promote the interconnection and sharing of key logistics information. | x | x | x | x | x |
| Action Plan for Large-Scale Equipment Renewal in Transportation | 2024 | By 2028, intelligent security inspection equipment for mail and express parcels has been widely promoted and used, and security inspection capabilities in the delivery field have been greatly improved. Promote new energy trucks in an orderly manner. Encourage local governments to promote the application of new energy trucks in urban logistics distribution, port collection and distribution, trunk logistics and other scenarios in combination with the development characteristics of the road freight industry, regional industrial environment and new energy supply capacity. Encourage local governments with conditions to study and introduce policies such as right of way and supporting infrastructure construction for new energy trucks according to local conditions, and actively explore business models such as vehicle-battery separation. | |||||
| Action Plan for Reducing Costs, Improving Quality and Increasing Efficiency of Transportation and Logistics | 2024 | The main framework of the national comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network is more complete, the networking of infrastructure, network supplementation and chain strengthening are further promoted, the transportation structure is continuously optimized. The promotion of multimodal transport “single-document system” and "one box system" will be accelerated, the efficiency of freight organization will be greatly improved, and a group of leading enterprises with international competitiveness will be cultivated and formed. The supporting role of transportation and logistics in the construction of a modern industrial system will be more prominent. Encourage the development of zero-emission freight fleets. Standardize the charging behaviors in all stages of multimodal transport. Promote the reduction of charges for the construction and use of railway dedicated lines, shorten the construction approval time, and establish a professional and diversified railway dedicated line operation and maintenance mechanism. Smooth the terminal circulation network of urban and rural logistics. Optimize and improve the urban freight service network, study and promote medium-sized vans for urban distribution, reasonably set the requirements for truck traffic areas, routes and time periods, and encourage the cancellation of restrictions on the traffic of new energy urban distribution trucks below light. Vigorously develop new models such as joint distribution and integrated warehouse and distribution, and study and promote the integration of railway freight stations into the urban logistics system. Solidly promote "express delivery to factories" and "express delivery to villages". Accelerate the integrated development of rural passenger, freight and mail, vigorously promote suitable models, support qualified county and township passenger stations to expand freight logistics service functions, and jointly build and share village-level comprehensive convenience service stations. Improve the cold chain logistics facilities at the origin and vigorously develop cold chain logistics for agricultural products. Accelerate the improvement of the cleanliness level of vehicles and ships in ports, airports, logistics parks, etc., and accelerate the large-scale and standardization of water transportation equipment. Improve the supply chain management capacity of transportation and logistics companies. Deepen the integrated innovation and development of logistics supply chains such as people's livelihood consumption, automobile manufacturing, and cross-border e-commerce. Accelerate the cultivation of platform-based, comprehensive logistics supply chain service enterprises, and improve service capabilities such as multimodal transport, inventory management and distribution, customs clearance, etc. Organize and carry out special pilot projects for reducing transportation logistics costs, improving quality and increasing efficiency, and building a strong transportation country. Develop innovative international leading enterprises. Improve logistics service capabilities in professional fields such as engineering logistics, pharmaceutical cold chain, and dangerous goods, and develop a group of specialized and boutique transportation logistics enterprises. Support international transportation and logistics upstream and downstream enterprises to strengthen strategic cooperation and accelerate the pace of "going out". | x | ||||
| Action Plan to Effectively Reduce Logistics Costs in the Whole Society | 2024 | By 2027: New breakthroughs have been achieved in the reform of the comprehensive transportation system, and the freight transportation structure has been further optimized. The port container rail-water transport volume will maintain a rapid growth. A group of modern logistics enterprises with international competitiveness will be cultivated, the national logistics hub system and modern logistics service network will be more robust, and a unified, efficient, and orderly competitive logistics market will be basically formed. The strategic support of modern logistics for improving the resilience and security level of the industrial chain and supply chain will be significantly enhanced. Promote the governance and reform of the road freight market. Comprehensive measures will be taken to promote the solution of the problems of "small, scattered and weak" highway freight operators, develop large-scale highway freight enterprises with scale operation and modern management, and comprehensively improve the organization and efficiency of road transportation. Improve the modern commercial circulation system. Promote the optimization and upgrading of commodity markets, accelerate the digital transformation of the retail industry, support the standardization and intelligent transformation of logistics facilities in the commercial circulation field, improve the circulation organization capacity and efficiency, and reduce the logistics costs in the commercial circulation field. Accelerate the construction of county-level commercial systems, promote the high-quality development of e-commerce in countryside, build a layered and classified urban commercial structure, improve the urban and rural commercial circulation network, and develop intensive models such as joint distribution and integrated warehousing and distribution. Actively develop specialized carrying equipment, promote the entry of suitable bulk commodities into boxes in factories and parks, and promote the whole process of containerized cargo transportation by road, rail and water. Implement bulk commodity fine logistics projects. Promote bulk commodity production and processing companies to integrate internal logistics needs, optimize logistics routes, and increase the ratio of direct delivery to terminal users. Develop a bulk commodity supply chain organization platform to improve the matching degree of logistics supply and demand. Deepen the reform of the comprehensive transportation system, optimize the main trunk lines, and give full play to the basic role of large-volume, high-efficiency, and low-cost transportation methods. Build a new model of coordinated development of modern logistics and productivity layout. Coordinate the planning and construction of logistics hubs, effectively connect the national backbone logistics network and important resource logistics channels, and build a "channel + hub + network" modern logistics operation system. Strengthen the efficient connection of various modes of transportation at important nodes, and improve the terminal distribution network. Continue to promote the greening, reduction and recycling of logistics packaging. Accelerate the green transformation of logistics. Formulate a promotion catalog of key green logistics technologies and equipment, and support the green upgrading and transformation of logistics hubs, storage facilities, and transportation tools. Carry out green logistics enterprise benchmarking and compliance actions. Support the implementation of carbon emission accounting and related certification work in the logistics field, and build a public service platform for logistics carbon emission calculation. | |||||
| Action plan to promote large-scale equipment renewals and consumer product trade-ins | 2024 | Continue to implement the renewal subsidy for old operating vehicles and vessel, and support the renewal of old vessels, diesel trucks, etc. | x | x | |||
| Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Integration of Passenger, Freight and Postal Services in Rural Areas | 2024 | Promote the use of rural passenger transport vehicles to transport mail and express parcels. Give full play to the advantages of the rural passenger transport network with wide coverage and deep access, guide urban and rural passenger transport enterprises and public transport enterprises to rely on the layout of urban and rural passenger transport routes, optimize vehicle scheduling, reasonably set up stops, actively open rural passenger, freight and mail cooperation routes from county towns to towns and villages, and from townships to established villages, use vehicle luggage compartments and internal storage areas to transport mail and express parcels, and ensure the rapid delivery of mail and express parcels on the premise of ensuring safety and meeting the needs of rural people to take buses. Develop freight shuttles. In areas where there is a strong demand for rural freight logistics and postal express services or where most of them are large items, guide enterprises to give full play to the advantages of large freight vehicles with high efficiency, integrate various types of freight logistics resources, coordinate the layout of distribution routes, promote the "freight shuttle line" model with fixed time, fixed route and fixed station, and deliver logistics parcels and mail and express parcels from county towns to town and village stations. For temporary large-scale logistics needs, freight vehicles can be organized for delivery by appointment in advance to accurately meet the needs of rural logistics delivery. Expand "Rural Passenger, Freight and Mail +". Combining local industrial advantages, guide enterprises to actively develop "rural passenger, freight and mail +" e-commerce, tourism, agriculture and other models. Build a rural passenger, freight and mail integrated development station with "one point and multiple functions". -Expand the passenger, freight and mail functions of county-level passenger stations. -Expand the comprehensive service functions of township stations. -Improve the village-level station network and create a "one-stop" village-level station with wide coverage, full functions and excellent services. Strengthen the storage management of mail and express parcels, and do not store dangerous goods and other goods listed in the prohibited catalog. Urge postal express companies and related business units to strictly abide by the management regulations for prohibited items, and strictly implement safety management systems such as real-name collection and delivery, collection and delivery inspection, and machine security inspection. Standardize the operation process of rural passenger, freight and mail. Standardize the handover procedures of mail and express delivery, and standardize the delivery process of mail and express delivery. Improve the quality of rural passenger, freight and mail services. Standardize the integrated development services of rural passenger, freight and mail, and clarify the service process, service timeliness, service price, complaint handling and other requirements. | x | ||||
| Guiding Opinions on the Construction of Smart Ports | 2024 | Build a diversified logistics service network. Strengthen the connection and linkage between different forms of logistics organizations, and build a diversified logistics service network that is smooth internally and connected externally. Promote the "single-document system" and "one container system" for multimodal transport, so that the shipper entrusts once, settles the fees once, and insures the goods once. The multimodal transport operator is fully responsible for the entire process of "no box change, no box opening, and one box throughout". Strengthen cooperation in production, trade, warehousing, logistics and other industries, promote the integration of smart warehousing, smart logistics, smart factories and smart ports, and realize the transformation of traditional models to digitalization. Strengthen the intelligent coordination and linkage between ports and industrial hinterlands, between ports, and between industrial parks, expand the pilot projects of "off-site cargo stations", "combined ports", "linked loading and unloading", and "departure confirmation", and broaden the accessibility of cargo transportation. Promote the digitization of cross-border trade. Integrate digital trade, digital logistics, and digital finance resources to improve cross-border digital trade infrastructure. Support the development of new foreign trade formats such as cross-border e-commerce and overseas warehousing. Explore smart matchmaking, smart contracts, and cross-border payments using the digital RMB to facilitate online cross-border transactions. Accelerate the digitization of shipping trade and facilitate door-to-door international logistics services. | x | x | x | ||
| Implementation Plan for Innovative Application of General Aviation Equipment (2024-2030) | 2024 | Support the acceleration of the development and production of branch logistics and terminal delivery drones and put them into operation. Deepen the demonstration and application of air logistics and distribution. Focusing on the logistics and distribution needs of "trunk-branch-terminal", in key areas such as the Yangtze River Delta, Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao, Sichuan and Chongqing, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, and Xinjiang, we encourage the demonstration of inter-city transportation and terminal distribution applications of drones to form a large-scale and wide-ranging air logistics and distribution equipment system. Support the research of low-altitude logistics solutions, explore new models of smart logistics, promote the networking of large-scale drone branch logistics, and the large-scale application of drone delivery in emerging scenarios such as cities, rural areas, mountainous areas, and islands, and promote the development of an air logistics and distribution network. In emerging application fields such as unmanned logistics and urban air traffic, encourage leading enterprises to explore and form a business model that integrates product development, scenario construction, and demonstration operations. | x | x | |||
| Implementation Plan for Promoting Low-Carbon Development in the Railway Industry | 2024 | Adopt advanced logistics management technology, optimize freight organization plans, promote the transformation of railway stations to fit the goods, systematically optimize the flow of trucks, implement freight train speed and quality improvement, improve the efficiency of loading and unloading and transfer technology operations, increase the proportion of direct cargo transportation and turnover efficiency, and reduce cargo detention time. | x | ||||
| Opinions on strengthening the clean and efficient use of coal | 2024 | Encourage the use of closed belt corridors, pipelines, tubular belt conveyors and electric, hydrogen and other new energy vehicles to transport coal over short distances. Improve the cleanliness and environmental protection level of coal storage facilities in all links of production, circulation and consumption. Improve the efficiency of coal circulation. Promote the integrated development of coal transportation, storage, processing and distribution, support the construction of large-scale coal storage and distribution centers, encourage refined processing and distribution, and promote the large-scale and intensive development of storage and transportation. Accelerate the application of advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things and mobile Internet in the field of coal logistics, and promote the standardization of coal logistics. | x | ||||
| China's Rural Roads in the New Era | 2024 | Building nodes on rural logistics networks. China is working to coordinate logistics development in urban and rural areas, and increase financial support for building rural logistics nodes. By the end of 2023, local authorities had built 1,267 county-level delivery centers, making use of passenger and freight hubs, mail and delivery processing sites, the storage and logistics facilities of supply and marketing cooperatives, and e-commerce warehouses; they had also built 289,000 comprehensive delivery and logistics service stations in villages by utilizing local facilities and resources for postal services, courier delivery, supply and marketing, and e-commerce. The urban-rural framework of logistics service facilities has been improved, promoting smooth and efficient logistics between urban and rural areas. Creating innovative rural logistics service models. China has further integrated the development of rural logistics, passenger transport, postal services, and commerce. Special rural logistics service models have been tailored to local conditions, to raise the integration of rural logistics resources. To date, a total of 150 rural logistics brands have been created in steps, and new rural logistics service models have emerged, including the integration of passenger and freight transport networks, Online Freight Platforms Plus Rural Logistics, Local Industries Plus Rural Logistics, and E-commerce Plus Rural Logistics. These have spurred a rise in the comprehensive service capacity of rural logistics. Accelerating the integration of rural passenger transport, freight transport, and mail delivery. To achieve sustainable operation of rural passenger transport, ensure rural access to delivery services, and coordinate the access of agricultural products to urban markets, the Chinese government has released the Guidelines on Accelerating the Integrated Development of Passenger Transport, Freight Transport, and Mail Delivery in Rural Areas. Following the principle of letting the government play a guiding role and the market a dominant role, China has further promoted the co-building and sharing of the operational mechanisms, infrastructure, lines and information, and strengthened the coordinated utilization of resources, in order to promote the integrated development of rural passenger transport, freight transport, and mail delivery | x | ||||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Promote the long-term, institutionalized and standardized smooth transportation and logistics. Solidify the working mechanism for smooth transportation and logistics, strengthen the tracking, monitoring, organization and coordination of comprehensive transportation operations and the smooth operation of key hubs, key channels and key areas, and deal with emergencies. Strengthen supply and demand docking and overall dispatch, improve emergency transport capacity reserves, adhere to "one matter, one coordination", ensure the safe and smooth transportation of key supplies, and maintain the security and stability of the industrial chain and supply chain. Accelerate the construction of the international logistics supply chain system, improve the global service network of shipping, promote the high-quality development of China-Europe trains, enhance air cargo service capabilities and international express service levels, continue to carry out the construction of the international logistics system and the pilot work of innovative development, and strive to cultivate international logistics companies with international competitiveness. Encourage express delivery companies to build convenient and efficient express service channels. Focus on the connection between railways and sea transport, and promote the establishment of rules coordination and mutual recognition mechanisms that are compatible with multimodal transport. Deepen the construction of multimodal transport demonstration projects, make breakthroughs in the innovation of multimodal transport organization models, information interconnection, and application of advanced equipment, and accelerate the cultivation of a group of networked and large-scale multimodal transport operators. Actively promote the development of the "one-order system" for multimodal transport, and organize and carry out the "one-order system" pilot for multimodal transport. In-depth research and promotion of the "one-box system" model. Improve the management system and standard specifications for cold chain road transport, strengthen dynamic monitoring of the cold chain road transport market, and cultivate key cold chain transport enterprises. Build the "Green Shield" project (Phase II) for safety supervision of postal delivery channels. Promote the construction of smart postal services, promote the application of "three intelligences and one code", improve the smart infrastructure such as mail express sorting, warehousing, and distribution, and the information infrastructure of the postal big data center, build a number of smart outlets, and support the promotion of autonomous vehicles, drone transportation and delivery, and unmanned warehouse construction. Strengthen the management of excessive packaging of mail and express parcels, and comprehensively improve the level of reduction, standardization and recycling of express packaging. Jointly carry out pilot projects on the large-scale application of recyclable express packaging, and increase the proportion of recyclable express packaging used. Promote and publicize 200 brand service "Driver's Home", maintain the normal operation of more than 1,000 "Driver's Home", and continuously improve the parking and rest conditions for truck drivers. Select 200 "most beautiful truck drivers" to enhance the professional honor and sense of belonging of truck drivers. Build about 40 new urban green freight distribution demonstration projects to promote intensive, efficient, green and intelligent development of urban freight. A number of green outlets and green distribution centers for postal and express delivery have been built. | x | x | x | x | |
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Development of Urban Integrated Transportation Systems | 2023 | Strengthen the development of urban logistics and distribution facilities, adjust and improve the route network, and improve distribution efficiency. | x | x | |||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, freight demand will increase steadily, and the demand for high-value, small-volume, and time-sensitive goods will increase rapidly. It is estimated that from 2021 to 2025, the total freight volume will increase by 2.3% annually, and the express delivery business volume will increase by 15.4% annually. The growth rate of highway freight volume will slow down, while the growth rate of railway and civil aviation freight volume will accelerate. The waterway freight volume will increase steadily, and e-commerce express delivery will maintain a rapid growth trend. Railway freight turnover accounts for 17%. (15.5% for 2020) The average annual growth rate of container rail-water transport volume is greater than 15%. (23.8% for 2020) The delivery express service accessibility rate of established villages is 90%. (50% for 2020) The return rate and comprehensive heavy box rate of China-Europe trains are 45% and 95% respectively. (43.8%、98.4% for 2020) By 2025, 120 multimodal transport demonstration projects will be built, and a group of networked and large-scale multimodal transport operators will be cultivated. Demonstration project enterprises will generally use container multimodal transport waybills to achieve information interconnection and sharing. By 2025, orderly build about 100 urban green freight distribution demonstration projects. By 2025, the construction of the "Global 123 Express Logistics Circle" (1-day delivery in China, 2-day delivery to neighboring countries, and 3-day delivery to major cities around the world) will be accelerated. A multi-level, high-quality passenger travel service system and a full-chain, integrated freight logistics service system will be initially established, the modern international logistics supply chain system will be continuously improved, the transportation structure will be further optimized, the level of transportation equipment will be greatly improved, the level of green and digital development will be significantly improved, the safety and emergency response system will be more sound, the governance capacity will be significantly improved, and the service support for economic and social development will be further enhanced. Strengthen the construction of comprehensive freight hubs, improve multimodal transport functions, strengthen the hub port collection and distribution system and intermodal transshipment facilities, and coordinate hub transshipment, ports, bonded, cold chain logistics, postal express and other functions. Promote the planning and construction of large container port comprehensive freight channels and inland port systems. According to local conditions, actively promote the construction of airport collection and distribution freight channels, and encourage the establishment of air-rail intermodal transport areas. Promote the development of rail-water, road-rail, air-land and other intermodal transport, strengthen the construction of railway (high-speed rail) express and air freight capacity, innovate the development model of "trunk multimodal transport + regional distribution", deepen the construction of multimodal transport demonstration projects, and build a multimodal transport network that integrates air, water, ground and underground. Promote the construction of inland container multimodal transport system in an orderly manner. Promote the application of standardized transport units such as inland containers (series 2 containers), land-air intermodal standard containers, and multimodal exchange boxes. Accelerate the research and development and application of high-speed rail freight trains and other equipment, and promote the large-scale application of special transport equipment such as railway special flat cars and roll-on/roll-off ships. Encourage large-scale logistics enterprises to merge and reorganize in a market-oriented manner, and encourage logistics enterprises to reform into multimodal transport operators and full-chain logistics service providers. Improve the level of urban freight distribution services. Improve the distribution network supported by comprehensive logistics centers, public distribution centers, and terminal common distribution stations, and promote the organic connection between inter-city trunk transportation and urban terminal distribution. Optimize the traffic areas and distribution times of urban distribution vehicles, and explore the establishment of urban public temporary parking spaces or temporary parking ports. Promote the construction of a basic public information service platform for urban freight distribution. Encourage the development of intensive distribution modes such as joint distribution, unified distribution, centralized distribution, and time-sharing distribution. Develop shared logistics modes such as "cloud warehouses". Improve the rural logistics service network. Promote the integration, functional upgrading and comprehensive development and utilization of existing passenger and freight transport stations, postal express stations, highway maintenance work areas, e-commerce and rural supply and marketing outlets. Research and formulate rural logistics node construction and operation service standards, and promote the scientific layout and flexible operation of rural logistics nodes. Support local governments to guide enterprises to cultivate rural logistics service brands according to local conditions, improve rural logistics networks, strengthen connections with inter-city trunk transportation, and promote two-way circulation between urban and rural areas. Innovate rural logistics service models, encourage cross-industry joint ventures of transportation companies, and promote the establishment of an integrated rural logistics service system of "planting base + production and processing + commercial circulation + logistics transportation + postal financial services". Accelerate the construction of public cold chain logistics parks and cold chain logistics parks in agricultural product production areas, and improve the pre-cooling, cold chain transportation, fresh storage, and low-temperature processing capabilities of production areas. Strengthen the management of refrigerated and insulated vehicles, and promote the application of standardized loading units such as refrigerated and insulated boxes. Develop a multimodal transport organization model based on cross-border fresh food trade, and explore the operation of "point-to-point" fast freight cold chain trains. Establish a precise supervision system for cold chain transportation classification, improve the classification management of cold chain goods, electronic waybills, temperature monitoring and other systems, strengthen dynamic monitoring of the operation of the cold chain road transportation market, and carry out service quality evaluation of cold chain vehicles and practitioners. Improve the inter-provincial joint approval mechanism for large-scale transportation, optimize the approval process, and promote the intelligent formulation of routes. Deeply implement the "entering factories" and "entering villages" projects for postal and express delivery, and promote the coordinated integration of express logistics with advanced manufacturing, modern agriculture, and cross-border e-commerce. Promote the development of new models such as drone (autonomous vehicles) delivery, intelligent distribution, contactless delivery, and instant direct delivery. Deepen the construction of the "single window" for international trade, optimize the supervision process of inbound and outbound ships and goods, support the construction of a big data sharing platform for ports, and promote the facilitation of shipping. Promote the high-quality development of China-Europe trains. Continue to promote the development of "transportation and trade integration", promote the establishment of a comprehensive supply chain service platform, and actively develop "e-commerce trains". At airports with strong cargo supply capabilities, improve cargo flight schedule policies, further optimize flight schedule resource allocation, and support airlines to build cargo flight waves. Achieve "7×24" hour customs clearance at qualified international air cargo hub airports in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao and Chengdu-Chongqing to meet the needs of rapid customs clearance for air cargo. Improve the level of international express logistics services. Accelerate the development of express services for key surrounding areas such as Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia, and Russia, expand express channels connecting Western Europe, Central Asia, and the Americas, and promote the two-way increase of import and export express business volume. Promote the coordinated development of express services and cross-border e-commerce, accelerate the planning and construction layout of international express air transit centers, and create a globally competitive postal express core hub. Encourage the use of China-Europe trains and other means to strengthen postal business cooperation with countries along the route, and promote the normalization of two-way postal transportation by trains. Continue to promote the green and lightweight development of mail and express packaging. Deepen the creation of demonstration projects for urban green freight distribution. Improve the urban distribution node network, optimize vehicle convenient passage policies, promote information interaction and sharing of the entire urban distribution chain, guide innovation in urban distribution organization models, promote the circulation and sharing of logistics units such as standardized turnover boxes, and accelerate the green and intensive transformation of urban freight distribution. study and promote the reform of the notification and commitment system for the approval of general cargo transportation business licenses and domestic ship management business. Improve the supervision mechanism for postal universal service guarantee. Study the establishment of a modern logistics development fund. | x | x | x | x | x |
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation | 2022 | Develop intelligent equipment for universal services in postal outlets, build a new generation of postal digital maps, and promote research and application of technologies such as digital management of warehouse inventory, automatic matching of vehicles and cargo, and intelligent scheduling of park equipment. Key technologies for economical and efficient smart logistics. Promote the development of intelligent logistics, break through key technologies such as intelligent warehousing and transportation, intelligent sorting and loading and unloading, intelligent security inspection, intelligent carrier units, and intelligent integration of rural postal and delivery, and promote the application of automated stereoscopic warehouses, guided transport vehicles and other equipment and facilities. Promote the development of multimodal transport, carry out technical research on cross-transportation mode intelligent coordination and rapid transshipment, coordinated optimization and integrated control of logistics hubs, and expansion and upgrading of postal delivery networks. Develop and apply cold chain insulated boxes, intelligent fresh food self-pickup cabinets, refrigerated trucks, cold chain temperature control systems and other cold chain logistics technologies and equipment. Develop new formats and models such as high-speed rail express and drone (autonomous vehicle) logistics delivery, and carry out preliminary research on urban underground smart logistics distribution systems. Break through technologies such as postal express collection, security inspection, delivery, customer service, etc. based on new generation information technology, and build an evaluation system for green and intelligent postal technology products. Pilot applications of smart postal services will promote the top-level design of digital postal services, the upgrade of digital infrastructure, and the upgrade of postal universal services, promote the research and development and pilot application of intelligent video, intelligent security inspection, intelligent voice, and universal delivery coding, and postal express drones, unmanned vehicles, and unmanned warehouses. | x | x | x | x | |
| 14th Five Year Plan for Aviation Logistics | 2022 | The global air cargo network continues to expand, effectively supporting the construction of the "Global 123 Express Logistics Circle". Guide the diversified development of enterprises and create leading enterprises in subdivided tracks. Support the large-scale and intensive development of professional air cargo enterprises, create an efficient and convenient freight network, and improve the efficiency of the use of transportation resources: support the characteristic development of express delivery, cross-border e-commerce, and cold chain enterprises, enhance professional service capabilities, encourage the innovative development of platform-based enterprises, support the development of supply chain, freight forwarding and other enterprises, improve the construction of public platforms and infrastructure, and improve information interconnection and supply chain service capabilities; guide the development of multimodal transport carriers, promote air-rail, road-air and other aviation logistics intermodal transport, and form an efficient and coordinated multimodal transport logistics system. Build a full-chain aviation logistics enterprise. Support large logistics enterprises to extend the aviation logistics chain; support air cargo enterprises and upstream and downstream enterprises to transform from single carriers to logistics integrators, provide supply chain solutions, enhance "one-stop" and "door-to-door" integrated logistics solution capabilities, and build aviation logistics enterprises with high-quality services, complete chains, perfect functions, and strong competitiveness. Explore the construction of a general aviation logistics network, give full play to the cost and efficiency advantages of drone logistics, expand the drone trunk-branch-communication distribution network in areas with inconvenient transportation, improve regional fast delivery and instant services, explore and promote general aviation logistics pilot projects in suitable areas, assist in "express delivery to villages", extend the rural logistics service network, and promote the inter-provincial connectivity, city-county connectivity, and urban-rural balance of the general aviation logistics network. Promote the integrated development of express delivery and logistics, encourage aviation logistics companies to optimize operating processes, improve logistics products such as next-day delivery, same-day delivery, and time-limited delivery, and enhance professional transportation capabilities. Promote the large-scale development of cold chain logistics, optimize the processes of aviation cold chain logistics security inspection, customs clearance, inspection and quarantine, and last-mile delivery, and create an aviation cold chain logistics system with full temperature control, standard specifications, efficient operation, safety and greenness. Optimize the emergency logistics information system, improve the aviation emergency logistics dispatch system, efficiently connect national and local emergency platforms and systems to promote information sharing and resource integration, improve the timeliness and effectiveness of information transmission, improve emergency response capabilities, promote the application of new technologies and equipment such as drones and "zero contact", strengthen the construction of professional capabilities in aviation transportation such as dangerous goods, cold chain, precision instruments, and special equipment, promote the effective integration of all aspects of emergency logistics, strengthen the construction of emergency teams, carry out practical and regular emergency drills, and solidify emergency measures such as "passenger aircraft carrying cargo" and "green channels" as appropriate. Promote the application of intelligent facilities. Build intelligent operation facilities and equipment, with the core of simplifying processes, shortening time and reducing costs, support the construction of aviation logistics facilities such as intelligent sorting, intelligent loading, and intelligent warehousing, and improve the efficiency of automated operations. Promote airport clusters to improve integrated customs clearance services, simplify international air logistics processes, promote air declaration and electronic declaration, and improve air cargo customs clearance efficiency. Actively promote air ports to strengthen the open and transparent management of fee lists, and standardize and reduce fees charged by air port operating service companies. | x | x | x | x | |
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | The delivery service coverage rate in established villages: greater than 90%. Implement green freight distribution demonstration projects in about 100 cities in an orderly manner. Strengthen the development of collection and distribution facilities that connect to port areas, industrial parks, factory zones, and large-scale agricultural production bases. Accelerate the extension of railways into key port areas, major industrial and mining enterprises, logistics parks, and key material reserve warehouses. Accelerate the interconnection of closely connected comprehensive freight hubs through connecting lines or dedicated channels. Promote the integrated development of rural passenger, freight, and postal services, continue to promote the construction of township transportation service stations, integrate transportation, postal services, express delivery, supply and marketing, e-commerce and other resources, and build a new model of rural transportation development that is functionally intensive, convenient, and efficient. Consolidate the achievements of passenger buses in established villages, improve the safety and service level of rural passenger transportation operations, strengthen rural passenger transportation safety supervision, and promote the establishment of a long-term and stable development mechanism for rural passenger transportation. Promote the integration of rural logistics into the modern circulation system, accelerate the connection of county and rural e-commerce systems and express logistics distribution systems, build convenient and efficient two-way channels for industrial products to go to the countryside and agricultural products to leave the village, and create a rural logistics service brand. Strengthen the construction of postal facilities in natural villages bordering the border and achieve universal coverage of postal services. Accelerate the promotion of the "one bill system" for multimodal transport, innovate standards and specifications for mutual recognition of waybills, promote information exchange of international freight documents, explore international railway electronic bills of lading, and gradually popularize electronic waybills for multimodal transport of containers. Accelerate the sharing of multimodal transport information and strengthen the connection of standards and rules for different modes of transport. Deeply promote drop-and-hook transport, and innovate models such as truck leasing, trailer sharing, and customized services. Promote the sharing and use of containers, standardized pallets, turnover boxes (baskets), etc. among different modes of transport, improve the efficiency of multimodal transport transshipment, and develop unitized logistics. Encourage railway, port and shipping, road transport and other enterprises to become multimodal transport operators. Strengthen the functions of national backbone cold chain logistics bases, improve the cold chain logistics service facilities of comprehensive freight hubs, strengthen the connection of cold chain facilities for different modes of transportation, make up for the shortcomings of collection and distribution equipment and storage facilities, promote the innovation of railway container cold chain service models, strengthen the quality supervision of classification and classification, and improve the quality of cold chain logistics services. Promote the integration of bulk cargo storage and transportation, and promote customized services for major customers. Unify the classification standards for dangerous characteristics of goods, strengthen the standardization of cargo packaging, transportation operations and transportation tools, and promote the application of intelligent storage and transportation monitoring, risk monitoring and early warning systems. Optimize the supply chain logistics organization of key manufacturing industries, and enhance the service support capabilities of transportation for intelligent manufacturing and flexible manufacturing. Promote the entry of express delivery into factories, deeply embed it into the industrial chain value chain, and develop in-factory logistics, line-side logistics and other businesses. Promote the export of express delivery overseas, accelerate the construction of international postal delivery centers, build postal processing centers and international mail exchange bureaus (exchange stations) in Nanchang, Changsha, Chengdu, Zhengzhou, Nanning, Nanjing, Dalian, Yiwu, etc., build an international express delivery network, and promote the convenience of international delivery services. Improve the terminal service of postal delivery. Build a diversified and intelligent terminal service network, promote the layout and construction of urban and rural express service stations, intelligent collection and delivery terminals and terminal service platforms, and share resources. Promote the construction of postal express service places and facilities in urban residential communities. Build a comprehensive service station for postal logistics that integrates postal, express delivery, e-commerce, commerce and trade. Promote unmanned vehicles and drones for transportation and delivery, and steadily develop contactless delivery services. Support the development of new formats and new models such as instant delivery and warehouse delivery integration. Improve the urban distribution node network, optimize vehicle convenient passage policies, and promote information exchange and sharing and organizational model innovation throughout the urban distribution chain. Build a global shipping service network based on blockchain technology. Improve the capacity integration capabilities of the logistics information platform, strengthen smart cloud supply chain management and smart logistics big data applications, and accurately match supply and demand. Accelerate the development of new models and new formats of "Internet +" efficient logistics. Promote the reduction, standardization and recycling of express packaging. | |||||
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | Promote the use of green transportation methods such as railways, water transport, closed belt corridors, new energy and clean energy vehicles for bulk cargo in ports and large industrial and mining enterprises. Continue to carry out the development of urban green freight distribution demonstration projects, and encourage the development of intensive distribution modes such as joint distribution, centralized distribution, and time-sharing distribution. Guide the standardized development of road freight transportation on network platforms to effectively reduce the empty driving rate. | x | x | x | ||
| National Highway Network Plan | 2022 | Relying on the national highway network to develop channel economy, we will focus on the deep integration and development with related industries such as tourism, manufacturing, logistics, e-commerce along the route, guide and optimize the regional industrial layout, and promote the security and stability of the industrial chain and supply chain. | x | ||||
| Opinions on Promoting Green Development in the Joint Construction of the Belt and Road Initiative | 2022 | consolidate and stabilize the good development trend of China-Europe trains, and develop multimodal transport and green logistics. | x | ||||
| Outline of the Medium- and Long-Term Development Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation (2021-2035) | 2022 | Promote the development of new transport units such as smart containers, smart circulation turnover boxes, and fast loading and transportation equipment. Accelerate the research and development and application of smart logistics technology. Promote the development of multi-standard and multi-habitat smart logistics, carry out technical research on multimodal intelligent coordination and integration, intelligent perception and interconnection, intelligent monitoring and analysis and evaluation, intelligent dispatching and integrated control of large logistics hubs, and emergency response and disposal of logistics systems, develop and apply technologies and equipment such as intelligent warehousing and rapid loading and unloading, intelligent sorting and delivery, intelligent rapid security inspection and voice processing, and universal delivery coding, promote the research and development of monitoring and analysis technologies in the road freight industry, build a national multimodal public information platform, and realize the visualization, controllability, and traceability of the entire logistics process. Promote the development of urban underground smart logistics, and overcome technologies such as high-load lightweight vehicle design, low-cost pipe rail design, and intelligent operation and maintenance of logistics facilities and equipment. Strengthen new business forms and models such as supply chain services, cold chain express delivery, high-speed rail express delivery, double-layer container transportation, instant direct delivery, and drone (car) logistics delivery. | |||||
| "14th Five-Year" Civil Aviation Development Plan | 2021 | Optimize the domestic freight network. Increase belly cargo utilization on passenger routes. Develop a full-cargo route network within the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration, key cities, and airport-based national logistics hubs. Efficiently connect belly cargo, truck flights, and other resources to facilitate the flow of air cargo between key consumption areas and air cargo sources. Develop air-to-air and air-to-ground intermodal transport services based on actual needs to improve resource utilization efficiency and the timeliness of collection and distribution. Support the development of general aviation logistics networks in remote areas and enhance logistics collection and distribution capabilities in these areas. Encourage innovative development in drone logistics. Improve the international freight network. Strengthen the route network in neighboring regions such as Southeast Asia and Northeast Asia, adapt to regional adjustments in the industrial chain, consolidate the route network in Europe and the United States, and accelerate the development of route networks targeting countries participating in the Belt and Road Initiative. Ensure a globally accessible, fully-capable, safe, reliable, and independently controllable freight network. Guide the alignment of international freight route layout with manufacturing needs to enhance the global responsiveness of air logistics. Accelerate the cultivation of market players. Encourage air logistics companies to locate in hub airports with strong cargo capabilities and establish headquarters or distribution centers. Support the integrated development of large logistics companies and civil aviation enterprises, improve end-to-end service networks, and build globally competitive aviation logistics companies. Support large aviation logistics companies in accelerating their international network expansion. Support the diversified development of various types of aviation logistics companies, including specialized and platform-based ones. Strengthen the overall coordination of the logistics supply chain. Accelerate the development of air cargo informatization and promote information sharing in aviation logistics. Guide and support the collaboration between aviation logistics networks and the manufacturing industry to create a development pattern in which aviation logistics and manufacturing industries are linked to global expansion. Focus on enhancing specialized logistics capabilities such as cold chain express delivery, and build a service system with coordinated development across the industrial chain, supply chain, and value chain. Actively expand service areas. Encourage the expansion of drone applications and support their use in postal express logistics, urban public services, emergency rescue, public health, and other fields. Promote the promotion and application of drones in urban, rural, and remote areas, integrate them into the county, township, and village three-tier logistics network system, and serve the modernization of agriculture and rural areas. Cultivate internationally competitive aviation logistics enterprises, build efficient air cargo hubs, enhance the intelligence of air logistics, improve security standards, strengthen the multimodal transport system, enhance customs facilitation, and promote synergy between aviation logistics and industrial supply chains. Cultivate internationally competitive aviation logistics enterprises, build efficient air cargo hubs, enhance the intelligence of air logistics, improve security standards, strengthen the multimodal transport system, enhance customs facilitation, and promote synergy between aviation logistics and industrial supply chains. | x | x | |||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Highways | 2021 | Continue to promote the development of multimodal transport. Promote the development of intermodal transport, including road-rail, road-water, and road-air transport. Further advance the construction of multimodal transport demonstration projects and foster seamless integration between road and other modes of transport. Accelerate information sharing between road, rail, water, aviation, and customs, promote full tracking of cargo status and traceability of processes, and improve the efficiency of multimodal transport services. Actively promote the "single bill" system for multimodal transport. Innovate rural logistics service models, build an integrated rural logistics service system for production, transportation, and marketing, and encourage transportation and postal express companies to engage in cross-industry joint ventures with manufacturers, supermarkets, e-commerce, and supply and marketing organizations. Accelerate the high-quality development of cold chain logistics. Improve the cold chain logistics infrastructure network and node system, enhance the comprehensive functions of transportation, distribution, and warehousing, and enhance production pre-cooling, cold chain transportation, fresh-keeping storage, and low-temperature processing capabilities. Improve and enhance cold chain logistics regulations, systems, and standards, and establish a monitoring and service platform for the cold chain freight road transport market. Develop efficient "Internet Plus" logistics, innovate smart logistics operation models, and encourage and support the development of shared models such as public "capacity pools," joint distribution, and cloud warehousing. Standardize the development of road freight on online platforms, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of truck drivers and other practitioners, improve the level of organization of freight logistics, and promote logistics cost reduction and efficiency improvement. | x | x | x | x | |
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Modern Transport Hub System | 2021 | Promote the transformation of ports, airports, railway freight stations, and highway freight stations into comprehensive freight hubs with modern logistics functions, and improve the efficiency of intermodal transportation by integrating logistics resources, applying advanced technologies, expanding service functions, and improving the collection and distribution system. We will increase policy efforts, promote the improvement of railways and roads for the collection and distribution of ports, airports, railway freight stations, and highway freight stations, and enhance the collection and distribution capacity of comprehensive freight hubs. According to the needs of freight logistics, we will improve the line connections between various logistics facilities such as comprehensive freight hubs, optimize the vehicle traffic control measures around the hubs, and improve the level of connection and linkage between facilities. | x | x | x | x | |
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Water Transport | 2021 | Support large-scale port areas and actively develop end-to-end logistics and supply chain logistics, as well as specialized logistics for cold chain, automotive, and chemical industries. Relying on trunk container ports, build global international procurement and distribution centers, commodity distribution centers for major urban clusters, and develop commodity exhibitions and trading markets. Encourage qualified port and shipping companies to expand into inland hinterlands. In conjunction with the development of national logistics hubs, develop multimodal transport with ports as hubs and the "single bill system" as the carrier, and transform into integrated logistics service providers and international logistics operators. Establish overseas hubs, corridors, and logistics network systems, and improve the diversification of supply chain layouts to help build a modern international logistics and supply chain system that is open and shared, globally connected, secure and reliable, and strongly supported, ensuring the security of key materials and critical transport corridors. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Strengthen the construction of postal facilities and implement the express delivery "entering villages, factories and going out to sea" project. Improve the cross-regional coal transportation channels and collection and distribution system, accelerate the construction of natural gas trunk pipelines, and improve the oil and gas interconnection network. Build a modern logistics system, accelerate the development of cold chain logistics, coordinate the construction of logistics hub facilities, backbone routes, regional distribution centers and terminal distribution nodes, and improve the facilities of national logistics hubs and backbone cold chain logistics bases. Improve the three-level logistics distribution system of counties, towns and villages. Optimize international logistics channels and accelerate the formation of a safe and efficient logistics network that connects the inside and outside. Improve the modern commercial circulation system, cultivate a group of modern circulation enterprises with global competitiveness, support the transformation and upgrading of commercial circulation facilities such as convenience stores and farmers' markets, develop contactless transaction services, and strengthen the standardization of commercial circulation and green development. Build 30 national and 70 regional backbone cold chain logistics bases for agricultural products, upgrade the storage and preservation facilities in farm markets, and transform the cold chain storage and transportation facilities of designated livestock and poultry slaughtering and processing plants. | |||||
| Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030 ('1+N') | 2021 | We will develop smart transportation and promote rational division of functions and effective linkages between different means of transportation, so as to reduce empty-loading ratio and unreasonable turnover in passenger and freight transportation. We will speed up development of the urban-rural logistics and distribution system, and create green and low-carbon, intensive, and highly efficient modes of distribution. We will speed up development of the urban-rural logistics and distribution system, and create green and low-carbon, intensive, and highly efficient modes of distribution. | x | x | x | x | x |
| China's Mid-Century Long-Term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development Strategy | 2021 | Promote the standardization of freight vehicles, and accelerate the application of recyclable standardized logistics turnover boxes. | |||||
| Comprehensive work plan for energy conservation and emission reduction in the 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Accelerate the construction of green warehousing and encourage the construction of green logistics parks. Accelerate the promotion and application of standardized logistics turnover boxes. Comprehensively promote green express packaging and guide e-commerce companies and postal express companies to purchase and use express packaging products that have obtained green certifica | x | ||||
| Digital Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2021 | Smart postal service. Build and improve automated sorting facilities, unmanned warehousing, autonomous vehicles and drone delivery, smart express boxes, smart letter and parcel boxes, smart cold chain infrastructure, etc. Build and improve information infrastructure such as big data centers. Promote and popularize smart security inspection systems, smart video surveillance systems, smart voice complaint handling systems, and universal delivery address codes. Encourage qualified regions to conduct overall pilot projects and create digital economy demonstration zones for the postal industry. Guided by the goal of "Global 123 Express Logistics Circle", innovate smart logistics operation models, promote cross-mode and cross-regional sharing and mutual recognition of electronic waybills, and promote the development of "Internet + efficient logistics". Promote the widespread use of electronic freight waybills. Accelerate the implementation of electronic waybill management in key areas such as dangerous goods road transport, cold chain logistics, and LTL logistics, promote the sharing and mutual recognition of document information such as railways, highways, waterways, civil aviation, and postal express, promote the interactive sharing of information between e-commerce and urban freight distribution supply chains, and promote the formation of an efficient multimodal transport system with "one waybill to the end". Strengthen international logistics supply chain service guarantee. Provide full-chain, one-stop logistics information services in terms of comprehensive command, dispatch guarantee, emergency supply, etc. of international logistics supply chain.. | x | x | x | ||
| New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035) | 2021 | Build an intelligent and green logistics transportation system. Promote the application of new energy vehicles in urban distribution, port operations, and other fields, and provide convenience for the passage of new energy trucks. Develop "Internet+" efficient logistics, innovate intelligent logistics operation models, promote the application of new models such as online freight transport and trailer sharing, and create a new form of safe and efficient logistics transportation services. | x | ||||
| Opinions on Strengthening the Protection of Truck Drivers' Rights and Interests | 2021 | Optimize and adjust the policy on banning and restricting truck traffic. Conduct in-depth rectification of improperly installed road height and width restriction facilities and inspection checkpoints that hinder truck movement. Advance the implementation of management requirements for urban freight vehicle access, consolidate the achievements made in eliminating blanket 24-hour citywide truck bans, and ensure reasonable access for trucks to meet basic transportation needs on urban roads. | x | ||||
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | Relying on the national comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network, develop the air mail routes, railway mail routes, highway mail routes, and water mail routes. Develop diversified international transportation channels, focusing on building seven land international transportation channels, including the New Eurasian Continental Bridge, China-Mongolia-Russia, China-Central Asia-West Asia, China-Indochina Peninsula, China-Pakistan, China-Nepal-India, and Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar. Improve the urban logistics distribution system, strengthen the organic connection between inter-city trunk transportation and urban terminal distribution. Promote the integrated development of transportation and postal express delivery. Promote the construction of special processing places, transportation channels, and loading and unloading facilities for postal express delivery at transportation stations such as railways, airports, and urban rails. Realize centralized security inspection and centralized loading of mail and express at important transportation hubs, and develop special transportation facilities and equipment for aviation, railways, and water transport. Promote the effective connection of mail and express loading and unloading standards, tracking data, etc. between different modes of transportation, and realize information sharing. Promote the integration and sharing of facilities and resources such as rural postal express outlets, comprehensive service stations, and bus stations. Promote the integrated development of transportation and modern logistics. Strengthen the construction of modern logistics systems, optimize the layout of national logistics channels and hubs, strengthen the construction of functional areas such as emergency, cold chain, and sorting and processing at national logistics hubs, improve the connection with ports, and smooth the connection between logistics channels and urban distribution network transportation lines, and improve the connection capacity and transshipment and distribution efficiency of trunk and branch lines. Accelerate the construction of rural logistics infrastructure backbone networks and terminal networks. Develop high-speed rail express and promote the development of double-deck container rail transport. Accelerate the development of air logistics and strengthen the construction of international air cargo capacity. Cultivate and expand a group of modern logistics companies with international competitiveness, encourage companies to actively participate in the reconstruction and upgrading of the global supply chain, build a global supply chain service center based on comprehensive transportation hub cities, and create an open, safe and stable global logistics supply chain system. Improve the transportation security system for strategic materials such as food and energy, and enhance the security level of the industrial chain and supply chain. Establish and improve the industry system security risk and key security risk monitoring and prevention and control system, and strengthen the monitoring and early warning of the entire process and network of dangerous goods transportation. Encourage logistics parks, ports, airports, and freight stations to widely use technologies such as the Internet of Things and automation, and promote the application of automated stereoscopic warehouses, guided transport vehicles, and intelligent conveying, sorting, and loading and unloading equipment. | x | x | x | x | |
| Promote the development of multimodal transport, optimize and adjust the transport structure Work Program (2021-2025) | 2021 | improve the service functions of port multimodal transport, convenient customs clearance optimize management models, strengthen the connection with comprehensive freight hubs Increase the use of 35-ton open top containers, and explore the establishment of a domestic trade multimodal transport system based on 45-foot inland standard containers. Focusing on the connection between railways and sea transportation, promote the establishment of a rule coordination and mutual recognition mechanism that is compatible with multimodal transport. Study and formulate a list of mutual recognition catalogs such as the names of goods and the classification of dangerous goods for different modes of transport, and establish and improve a system of rules for cargo loading and delivery, safety management, payment and settlement. Deepen the promotion of the “single-document system" for multimodal transport, explore the application of container multimodal transport waybills, and promote the electronicization of various documents. Explore and promote the property rights of international railway transport waybills and multimodal transport documents, and steadily expand the scope of application in the "Belt and Road" transport and trade. Increase the sharing of information resources. Strengthen the connection and data sharing of information systems of railways, ports, shipping companies, civil aviation and other enterprises, and open up information such as train arrival and departure times, cargo loading and unloading, and ship entry and departure. Accelerate the application of the Beidou system in operating vehicles and ships, and basically achieve full monitoring and traceability of transportation by 2025. Promote the application of standardized transport units. Promote the establishment of a cross-regional and cross-transportation container circulation and sharing system to reduce the proportion of empty container transfers. Explore the expansion of functions such as the pick-up and return of ocean containers in large railway freight yards and comprehensive freight hubs, and provide container management services equivalent to ports. Actively promote the application of standardized pallets (1200mm×1000mm) in container transportation and multimodal transport. Accelerate the cultivation of specialized leasing markets such as containers, semi-trailers, and pallets. Deepen the reform of "delegating power, deregulating and improving services", accelerate the construction of a new regulatory mechanism based on credit, and promote the safe and orderly opening of multimodal transport government data. Improve the flexible adjustment mechanism of railway freight rates, and encourage railway transportation enterprises to sign "quantity and price mutual guarantee" agreements with large industrial and mining enterprises. Standardize charges for local railways, dedicated railways, and railway dedicated lines, clarify the charging rules for line use, management and maintenance, and transportation services, and further reduce the cost of use. Standardize charges for port loading and unloading, off-port storage yards, inspection and quarantine, shipping companies, and shipping agents at maritime ports. | x | x | x | ||
| Voluntary National Review 2021 - CHN | 2021 | Stronger cargo transportation capacity. The freight transportation has become better structured, more efficient, less costly, and more environment-friendly. Postal facilities will be strengthened to extend courier services to villages, factories and overseas. | |||||
| 14th Five Year Plan for the Construction of Modern Logistics System | 2020 | Improve regional logistics service networks. Strengthen the interconnection and information sharing of logistics infrastructure, and build a multi-level logistics service system to support modern circulation. Improve urban distribution facilities, vigorously develop joint distribution, and improve distribution efficiency. Promote the construction of national backbone cold chain logistics, strengthen the connection with national logistics hubs, and build a backbone network of cold chain logistics. Strengthen the construction of facilities such as pre-cooling, sorting and packaging, and mobile cold storage in the production areas of agricultural products, make up for the shortcomings of the "first kilometer" of fresh agricultural product circulation, and improve the level of commercial processing; strengthen the construction of high-standard cold storage and cold chain distribution and delivery facilities in sales areas, promote the transformation and upgrading of cold chain logistics facilities in wholesale markets of agricultural products and retail outlets such as supermarkets, promote new energy distribution refrigerated vehicles, and improve the efficiency of cold chain logistics services in the "last kilometer". Strengthen the supervision of the entire process of cold chain logistics, eliminate the hidden dangers of "broken chain", reduce losses in the circulation of fresh agricultural products, and ensure food safety. Strictly implement the requirements for epidemic prevention and control, and improve the inspection and quarantine system for imported cold chain foods. Promote the recycling and sharing of green packaging technology and logistics standardized equipment, encourage the construction of an online and offline integrated waste material reverse logistics system, and promote the recycling and reuse of waste items and packaging. Encourage logistics enterprises to deeply engage in international trade networks, expand services such as logistics big data, and enhance the efficiency of end-to-end logistics services. Enhance port logistics service capabilities. Optimize the spatial layout of national ports and enhance the international logistics service capabilities of ports, airports, land border ports, etc. Rationally plan and build inbound and outbound mail and express processing centers, improve supporting facilities and service platforms such as comprehensive bonded areas, bonded logistics centers, and bonded warehouses, and improve the development level of bonded logistics. Strengthen the construction of international logistics facilities in Hainan Free Trade Port, Free Trade Pilot Zone, Border Economic Cooperation Zone, Cross-border Economic Cooperation Zone, and Key Development and Opening Pilot Zone. Innovate the business model of road transport services and promote truck leasing, trailer sharing and customized services. Build a specialized freight network in urban agglomerations and metropolitan areas, and orderly promote the construction of railway passenger and freight separation lines and double-deck container facilities in urban agglomerations and metropolitan areas with conditions. Promote the widespread adoption of digital and automated terminal equipment among transport enterprises, and enhance the intelligence level across the entire logistics chain—covering order management, transportation, warehousing, and distribution. Gradually achieve full-process cargo tracking and visibility at key nodes such as industrial parks, ports, airports, railway yards, and expressway entrances and exits. | |||||
| Outline for the Development of Inland Waterway Transport | 2020 | Optimize port storage facilities and distribution networks, improve the efficiency of waterway ports, expand the functions of modern logistics, commercial services, and bulk commodity trade in ports, and promote the development of a full-process logistics supply service chain with ports as the centres. | x | ||||
| Sustainable Development of Transport in China | 2020 | The National 1-2-3 Travel Circle (one hour to commute in cities, two hours to travel within city clusters, and three hours to travel between major domestic cities) and the Global 1-2-3 Logistics Circle (one day to deliver within China, two days to deliver to neighboring countries, and three days to deliver to major global cities) will take initial shape, providing convenient combined transport of passengers, and economical and efficient multimodal transport of goods. | |||||
| About accelerating the transformation and upgrading of the road freight industry | 2019 | Streamline the registration and licensing procedures for road freight transport enterprises, and promote the policy allowing internet-based logistics platform enterprises to issue special value-added tax (VAT) invoices on behalf of others. Further regulate port-related operational service charges involving road freight transport, and strictly prohibit the imposition of any unauthorized additional fees. Reform the management system for road transport of dangerous goods. Accelerate the formulation of safety management measures for road transport of dangerous goods, and study the reform and improvement of the management system for escorts for road transport of dangerous goods. Accelerate the revision of relevant national standards for tank bodies of tank trucks for transporting normal pressure liquid dangerous goods, and clarify the compatibility requirements for tank body media. Encourage the regulated development of new 'Internet Plus' business models. Vigorously promote new road freight business models such as non-truck operating carriers, and support road freight enterprises in strengthening information system development to enhance integrated online and offline service capabilities. Accelerate the formulation and implementation of administrative measures for online platform-based road freight transport operations. Establish a coordinated mechanism for the sharing and exchange of freight credit information, and regulate the operations of 'Internet Plus' platforms for vehicle–cargo matching. Investigate and penalize, in accordance with the law, monopolistic practices by platform enterprises that eliminate or restrict competition or infringe on the legitimate rights and interests of truck drivers. Promote the application of advanced freight vehicle models. Fully promote differentiated highway toll collection, and encourage the development of mid-axle car trains and box-type semi-trailers that meet national standards. Guide road freight companies and truck drivers to establish a mutual assistance mechanism. Encourage local governments to increase policy support and accelerate the construction of a number of "driver homes" with practical functions, economic benefits and convenient services. Guide cargo owners and road freight companies to reasonably formulate transportation plans to ensure that truck drivers have adequate rest. | x | ||||
| Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Nation | 2019 | Strengthen the construction of rural postal and other infrastructure. Promote the development of multimodal transport such as rail-water, road-rail, road-water, air-land, etc., promote standardized facilities and equipment for rapid cross-modal transshipment, and form unified multimodal transport standards and rules. Give full play to the "door-to-door" advantages of road freight. Promote the development of specialized logistics such as e-commerce logistics, cold chain logistics, large-scale transportation, and dangerous goods logistics, promote the organic connection between inter-city trunk transportation and urban terminal distribution, and encourage the development of intensive distribution models. omprehensively utilize a variety of resources, improve the rural distribution network, and promote two-way circulation between urban and rural areas. Implement tax and fee reduction policies, optimize logistics organization models, improve logistics efficiency, and reduce logistics costs. Develop "Internet +" efficient logistics and innovate smart logistics operation models. Establish a global delivery service system and promote the upgrading of postal universal services. Accelerate the expansion and efficiency of express delivery and digital transformation, strengthen new formats and models such as supply chain services, cold chain express delivery, and instant direct delivery, and promote the construction of intelligent receiving and delivery terminals and terminal public service platforms. Actively develop drone (autonomous vehicles) logistics delivery, urban underground logistics distribution, etc. Promote greening and reduction of mail and express packaging. Expand international shipping logistics, develop international railway trains, promote the facilitation of cross-border road transport, vigorously develop air logistics hubs, build an international express logistics supply chain system, and create new land and sea corridors. | x | x | x | x | x |
| Circular of the General Office of the State Council on Strengthening the Control of Overloading and Overloading of Vehicles | 2008 | Strengthen supervision of the transport market and cargo loading. The order of the road transport market shall be further rectified and standardized. Credibility files for freight transport enterprises and operating drivers shall be established. Operators and drivers involved in transport by overloaded and over-dimensioned vehicles, as well as transport stations (sites) that facilitate such activities, shall be penalized according to law. For small coal yards and various cargo distribution sites along highways, local governments shall organize relevant departments to carry out clean-up and rectification. Those without business licenses from the industry and commerce administration shall be closed. For those with business licenses, their responsibility to load according to norms and standards shall be reinforced to ensure that vehicles are loaded in compliance with requirements at the source. Those with serious problems of releasing overloaded and over-dimensioned vehicles shall be ordered to suspend operations for rectification. | x |
Freight intermodality - General
| Opinions on promoting high-quality development of inland waterway transportation | 2025 | Strengthen the integrated connection of comprehensive transportation. Accelerate the construction of port multimodal transport transshipment facilities and collection and distribution systems, and strengthen the organic connection between inland waterway shipping and other modes of transportation. Promote the connection of rules and standards between inland waterway shipping and international shipping, highways, railways and other modes, promote the "paperless" operation documents and online business processing, strengthen information exchange and data sharing, and promote the "one order to the end" of intermodal transport. Encourage the "bulk to container" from the source of factory parks and the development of inland container transportation. Strengthen the connection between ship schedules and railway transportation plans, and improve the organizational efficiency of container and bulk cargo iron-water intermodal transportation. | x | x | x | ||
| Action Plan for Energy Conservation and Carbon Reduction 2024-2025 | 2024 | Accelerate the development of multimodal transport and promote clean transportation in key industries. | |||||
| Action Plan for Improving Transportation Standards (2024-2027) | 2024 | Strengthen the connectivity of multimodal freight transport facilities. Accelerate the research and formulation of standards for rail-water, road-rail, and air-rail transport infrastructure and transshipment sites, develop integrated freight hub collection and distribution system planning, multimodal transport service quality and evaluation standards, optimize hub construction and network operation services, improve the efficiency and quality of comprehensive freight transport, and enhance connectivity and network resilience. Promote the commonality of transshipment and transloading equipment for intermodal transport. Accelerate the formulation of standards for air-land-water intermodal general containers, intermodal container transshipment systems, and other standards, develop standards for the matching requirements of intermodal equipment, promote the "bulk-to-container" transportation of bulk and large cargo, and improve the efficiency of intermodal transport throughout the entire journey. Formulate standards for air-land intermodal box-type transport semitrailers, modular double-trailer car trains, and inland waterway transport ship types, and promote the integrated, universal, intelligent and green development of transportation equipment. Strengthen the smooth connection of cargo intermodal operations. Accelerate the formulation of operational specifications and standards for cargo stowage reinforcement, transshipment connection, and operation services for multimodal transport, optimize and streamline the operation links of rail-water intermodal transport, and promote the coordination of rail-water intermodal operations. Formulate standards for loading and safety inspection of container rail-water intermodal transport, strengthen the connection of standards for dangerous goods transportation by rail, road, and water, promote joint response of emergency management, strengthen the exchange of security inspection information, and promote the realization of one-time security inspection. Strengthen the information exchange of multimodal transport of goods. Increase the supply of standards for information exchange and information monitoring related to international logistics supply chain security, promote information connectivity and full-process monitoring and traceability of transportation, and improve the efficiency of multimodal transport services. Develop a series of standards for the national comprehensive transportation information platform to improve the efficiency of management services. Conduct research on business process standards for electronic documents for dangerous goods transportation and cold chain transportation and multimodal transport documents, standardize the flow information and flow interfaces of electronic documents, solve the problems of transferring and exchanging orders, and promote the realization of the “single-document system” and "one box system" for multimodal transport. Strengthen the information exchange of multimodal transport of goods. Increase the supply of standards for information exchange and information monitoring related to international logistics supply chain security, promote information connectivity and full-process monitoring and traceability of transportation, and improve the efficiency of multimodal transport services. Develop a series of standards for the national comprehensive transportation information platform to improve the efficiency of management services. Conduct research on business process standards for electronic documents for dangerous goods transportation and cold chain transportation and multimodal transport documents, standardize the flow information and flow interfaces of electronic documents, solve the problems of transferring and exchanging orders, and promote the realization of the “single-document system” and "one box system" for multimodal transport. Promote the integration of transportation, energy, tourism and other industries. Strengthen the supply of comprehensive transportation planning standards, formulate standards for the compilation of comprehensive transportation system planning, comprehensive transportation channel evaluation, classification of comprehensive transportation hub cities, and calculation methods for passenger intermodal transport volume and freight multimodal transport volume, and promote the integrated development of multiple industries with planning and statistics as the driving force, so as to promote the improvement of transportation efficiency, expansion of functions and increase of momentum. | x | x | x | x | |
| Action Plan for Reducing Costs, Improving Quality and Increasing Efficiency of Transportation and Logistics | 2024 | The promotion of multimodal transport “single-document system” and "one box system" will be accelerated. Promote the innovative development of the “single-document system” for multimodal transport. Study and formulate multimodal transport management system and “single-document system” technical standards, and promote the connection of rules such as transshipment and handover, cargo delivery, information interconnection, and insurance claims between various modes. Study and establish a multimodal transport bill management system, support the electronic application of documents, and promote the property rights of multimodal transport documents in the fields of international land-sea transport and cross-border railway transport. Deepen the improvement and expansion of multimodal transport, and accelerate the cultivation of about 30 multimodal transport enterprises with cross-regional connectivity and full-process control capabilities. Develop about 20 rail-sea transport brand line cases. Establish and improve the multimodal transport system of domestic trade containers. Formulate and improve the standard system of domestic trade containers, and promote the matching and connection of multimodal transport facilities and equipment. Encourage the construction of domestic trade container pick-up and return points, improve the technical standards of container management services, and promote the circulation and sharing of domestic trade containers. Accelerate the mutual recognition of industry standards for the classification, loading and safety inspection of railway-water transport cargo, and promote the development of the "one-box system" for multimodal transport. Support qualified enterprises to carry out domestic and foreign trade container transportation on the same ship, and promote the two-way operation mode of container foreign trade internal feeder import and export. Enhance the service guarantee capabilities of international logistics supply chain. Accelerate the construction of international transport corridors such as the Trans-Caspian Sea, and cultivate international multimodal transport routes that are in stable operation. Improve the bilateral and multilateral international road transport agreement system in the China-Europe direction, promote the connection of the China-Europe direct express transport channel, continue to expand the scope of application of the "International Road Transport Convention", and improve the customs clearance efficiency of border ports. Promote the integrated development of "Silk Road Shipping" ports, shipping and trade, and accelerate the construction of the Western Land-Sea New Corridor and the Air Silk Road. Accelerate the construction of the China-Europe train assembly center and optimize the China-Europe train operation plan. Accelerate the interconnection and sharing of multimodal transport information. Formulate a multimodal transport data sharing list, promote business entities to strengthen data exchange and sharing, steadily promote the development and utilization of public data resources in transportation and logistics, and form a sustainable development model. Formulate a unified national list of relevant electronic certificates and application management specifications in the field of transportation, and accelerate the promotion of "cross-provincial handling". | |||||
| Action Plan to Effectively Reduce Logistics Costs in the Whole Society | 2024 | Accelerate the improvement of the multimodal transport system. Establish and improve the relevant systems of multimodal transport operators, improve business rules, and promote standardisation of multimodal transport documents. Cultivate multimodal transport operators, develop container road-rail and rail-water transport, accelerate the promotion of one-order system and one-container system, promote containerized transport modes such as pallet transport, and innovate to create stable and branded multimodal transport products. Unify and coordinate the rules and standards of various modes of transport, strengthen facility connection, information sharing, standard coordination, and mutual recognition of security inspections. Deepen the national comprehensive freight hub to supplement and strengthen the chain. Implement the national logistics hub multimodal transport project and improve the full-process service organization capacity. Promote the establishment of a domestic trade container rail-water transport system. Accelerate the promotion of digital air cargo waybills. Increase the number of railway intermodal trains between national logistics hubs and improve the stability of trains. Strengthen overall coordination and factor guarantee, formulate a catalog and promotion plan for the construction of special lines in a hierarchical manner, and pragmatically promote the entry of railways into docks, industrial parks, and factories and mines. Strengthen cross-departmental coordination of multimodal transport standards, and systematically promote the unification of standards for various modes of transport, various facilities and equipment | |||||
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Construction of International Aviation Hubs | 2024 | Strengthen the construction of a comprehensive transportation collection and distribution system. Focusing on the characteristics of international aviation hubs with high timeliness, collection and distribution, and wide coverage, continue to promote the coordinated operation of civil aviation and other modes of transportation, including rail transit. With Beijing Daxing, Shanghai Hongqiao, and Chengdu Tianfu as references, scientifically plan the construction of a comprehensive transportation hub collection and distribution system, strengthen planning coordination and integration and effective connection of facilities with trunk railways, intercity railways, urban (suburban) railways, urban rail transit, trunk road networks, public transportation, etc., and increase the rail transit access rate of hub airports. Continue to improve the uniformity and coordination between hub airports and other modes of transportation in terms of systems, standards, and information, further improve effective docking in terms of service processes and flight connections, and accelerate the improvement of the comprehensive transportation collection and distribution capacity of international aviation hubs. Promote the in-depth and practical development of "air-rail intermodal transport" and promote the in-depth and effective connection and integration between civil aviation and high-speed rail in layout planning, project construction, coordinated operation, and service docking. | x | x | |||
| Implementation Plan for Promoting Low-Carbon Development in the Railway Industry | 2024 | Vigorously promote the development of multimodal transport. Build a green and low-carbon economic logistics network with railways as the main body. Increase the proportion of railway dedicated lines access to major ports and logistics parks in coastal and inland ports. Strengthen the layout and construction of railway intermodal transport hubs, strengthen coordination and linkage with major logistics infrastructure such as trunk logistics channels and national logistics hubs, improve the layout of railway freight hubs and logistics bases, accelerate the transformation of railway stations in key areas to suit cargo transportation, integrate the resources of railway freight hubs and logistics bases, and strengthen the connection between railways and other modes of transportation. Accelerate the development of the “single-document system” and "one box system" for multimodal transport, study and formulate standards for information sharing and data transmission and exchange in multimodal transport, promote the sharing of railway container information with ship transportation, port operations, etc., accelerate the construction of railway overseas return points and return transportation organization systems, and gradually explore the function of railway transport documents and multimodal transport documents to realize property rights certificates. Continue to expand the scale of railway-water transport, promote the construction of railway-water transport systems for bulk goods and containers, focus on the connection between railways and sea transportation, and promote the establishment of rules coordination and mutual recognition mechanisms that are compatible with multimodal transport. | x | x | |||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Carry out special actions for passenger intermodal transport. Accelerate the high-quality development of passenger intermodal transport, improve the collection and distribution system of comprehensive passenger transport hubs, promote the optimization and mutual recognition of security inspection processes in comprehensive passenger transport hubs, and enhance the comprehensive service functions of urban shuttle terminal for railway stations. Optimize intermodal transport operation services, expand the "one ticket purchase, one payment, one ID (code) pass" service products, continue to promote the upgrading of intermodal passenger ticket products, and improve the convenience service level of intermodal passenger luggage. Carry out pilot demonstrations of the "one ticket system" for passenger intermodal transport, cultivate typical routes and well-known service brands for passenger intermodal transport in batches across the country, and give full play to the leading role of typical demonstrations. Establish and improve the abnormal intermodal service guarantee mechanism, improve free refund and change, mid-way transportation and other passenger rights protection measures, and improve the level of intermodal guarantee in emergencies. Promote the sharing of intermodal travel data and encourage the conditional opening of intermodal travel data to third-party enterprises. Improve the green freight distribution capabilities of cities and build a road-rail intermodal distribution system of "external collection and internal distribution, green intermodal transportation". | x | x | |||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Actively develop air-rail, road-rail, road-air, road-water, air-water and other modes, and vigorously develop services such as "direct luggage hanging" and "hand-free travel". Promote the construction of "high-speed rail trackless stations", international hubs and regional hub airport city terminals, and promote services such as waiting for trains (planes) in different places and luggage intermodal consignment. Promote the interconnection and sharing of ticketing data information between transportation modes, develop electronic tickets for passenger intermodal transportation, and strive to achieve "one-stop ticket purchase, one ticket (certificate) pass". Accelerate the implementation of two-way or one-way recognition of security inspections across transportation modes, and carry out pilot work on optimizing security inspection processes. Support the establishment of a passenger intermodal transportation enterprise alliance, promote the sharing of transportation routes, station resources, etc., reasonably divide the responsibilities of intermodal safety and services, and improve cooperation mechanisms such as ticket refunds, changes, and luggage consignment. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, 50 cities will organize pilot projects for intermodal passenger transport, encourage different modes of transport to build and share facilities and equipment, and accelerate the integration of intermodal ticketing, convenient baggage services, and sharing of information resources. By 2025, several newly built hubs will optimize the security inspection process for civil aviation passengers transferring to high-speed rail (intercity rail) and civil aviation passengers transferring to urban rail transit. Improve the dedicated bus lines, night services and emergency transport guarantee services connecting hub stations, and strengthen coordination and emergency response in terms of operating times, organization and dispatch, and capacity arrangements. Accelerate the transformation of railway peripheral assembly and transfer centers and urban railway station facilities in the surrounding areas of the city, and build a road-rail intermodal distribution system of "external assembly and internal distribution, green intermodal transport". | x | x | x | x | |
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation | 2022 | Promote the development of passenger intermodal transport, and break through technologies such as intelligent collaborative scheduling, cross-transportation network ticketing, multi-modal transportation supply and demand coupling, and collaborative services. | |||||
| 14th Five Year Plan for Aviation Logistics | 2022 | Guide the development of multimodal transport carriers, promote air-rail, road-air and other aviation logistics intermodal transport, and form an efficient and coordinated multimodal transport logistics system. Improve integrated transfer capabilities. Accelerate the construction of airport-highway connecting lines, open up the "last mile" through "aviation + truck flights" and "urban freight stations" to support "aviation + high-speed rail" and "aviation + China-Europe Express" and other intermodal transport, and enhance the value-added service capabilities of logistics facilities; increase the application and promotion of multimodal aviation container transport equipment, build air-rail, road-air and other intermodal transport stations and loading and unloading facilities, improve the systematicness and compatibility of aviation logistics facilities, and create a three-dimensional multimodal transport logistics system. Promote the coordinated governance of multimodal transport. Strengthen inter-departmental coordination and cooperation, and promote the improvement of relevant laws and regulations on multimodal transport. Further deepen reforms, form a unified and open aviation logistics market, cultivate multimodal transport entities, encourage third parties to build platforms to integrate various modes of transportation resources, and provide full-chain services. Accelerate the connection between civil aviation and road and railway logistics standards, and promote the construction of standards for aviation logistics operations, information, operations and equipment. Conduct research on standards for general multimodal transport technologies, equipment and platforms, and provide support for the coordinated operation of multimodal transport. | x | x | x | ||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Accelerate the development of passenger intermodal transport. Optimize the security inspection process across transport modes and promote mutual recognition of security inspection. Strengthen the coordinated connection of operational information, schedules, and capacity arrangements between trunk transport modes and between urban transportation and trunk transport modes, and provide a "bottom-line" service for the first and last buses. Promote the construction of urban terminal buildings and promote direct baggage check-in services. Cultivate passenger intermodal transport operators, innovate integrated intermodal products, and enrich comprehensive transportation information service products. Development of passenger intermodal transportation. Organize and carry out pilot projects for passenger intermodal transportation in 50 cities, carry out services such as direct baggage hanging and mutual recognition of security inspections, innovate air-rail intermodal transportation, road-air intermodal transportation, and road-rail intermodal transportation service models, encourage different modes of transportation to build and share facilities and equipment, accelerate the integration of intermodal ticketing, convenience of baggage services, and sharing of information resources, and accelerate the upgrading of air-rail intermodal products. Guided by the needs of personalized and high-quality travel, we will promote the full digitalization of services, support market players to integrate resources, provide "one-stop" travel services, and create a smooth service chain. Promote the integration of dangerous goods multimodal transport service rules and mutual recognition of test results. | x | x | x | x | |
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | Improve the efficiency of transport organization. Deepen the development of multimodal transport, promote the construction of comprehensive freight hubs, and promote the development of rail-water, road-rail, road-water, air-land and other multimodal transport. Promote the construction of multimodal transport demonstration projects and accelerate the cultivation of a number of leading multimodal transport companies with global influence. Explore and promote the application of container modular car train transportation to increase the proportion of multimodal transport. Promote the use of road-rail-water transport, new energy and clean energy vehicles for urban construction materials and daily necessities. | x | x | x | x | x |
| Implementation Plan for New Urbanization in the 14th Five-Year Plan | 2022 | Develop passenger intermodal transport and multimodal transport of goods, promote "one-stop" and "one-order" services throughout the entire process, reduce logistics costs and improve logistics efficiency. | |||||
| National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy 2035 | 2022 | The Yangtze River Economic Belt: Relying on the golden waterway of the Yangtze River, we should improve the comprehensive threedimensional transportation network by strengthening the coordinated development and organic connection of various transportation modes such as railway–waterway and river– sea combined transportation, enhancing the ability to support the smooth domestic and international dual circulation. | x | x | x | ||
| Outline of the Medium- and Long-Term Development Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation (2021-2035) | 2022 | Focusing on the construction of the "National 123 Travel Transportation Circle" and the "Global 123 Express Logistics Circle", improve the level of convenient and smooth intermodal transportation for passengers and economical and efficient multimodal transportation for goods, accelerate the integration and innovative application of new generation information technology in the field of comprehensive transportation services, and improve the comprehensive passenger and cargo transportation service capabilities and efficiency. | x | x | x | x | |
| "14th Five-Year" Civil Aviation Development Plan | 2021 | Establish and improve the management system and mechanism for intermodal transport between civil aviation and other modes of transportation, break down sectoral divisions, open up operating rules, promote service docking, and meet the needs of passengers for convenient travel and efficient transportation of cargo and mail. Accelerate the development of an "aviation + high-speed rail" rapid transportation service network, extending the aviation network and expanding the scope of services. Promote air-ground intermodal transport services with seamless connection, efficient transfer and mutual recognition of security checks, and build an integrated travel service chain. Vigorously promote through-check baggage and inter-airline transfers, actively promote the integrated development of civil aviation and other modes of transportation, and build integrated transportation services that provide smooth journeys. Optimize airport ground service standards. Focusing on hub airports, shorten flight boarding, security queues, taxiing, baggage claim, and passenger walking times. Increase the rate of close-to-gate docking, shorten travel time for connections with other modes of transportation and between flights. | x | x | x | ||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Highways | 2021 | "One-stop" passenger travel has become widely adopted, significantly improving the passenger experience. Multimodal transport is being promoted at a faster pace, and the "single-bill" service model is being actively promoted, accelerating the formation of a secure and efficient logistics network that connects both domestically and internationally. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Modern Transport Hub System | 2021 | The efficiency of multimodal transport at comprehensive freight hubs will be further improved, with newly built hubs achieving a transfer completion rate of over 90% within one hour. Rely on hubs to accelerate the development of intermodal transport. Promote comprehensive passenger transport hubs to reasonably set up independent, connected, and continuous intermodal passenger transfer channels, and optimize security checks and ticket collection processes. Encourage operators and third-party platforms to develop diversified service products such as air-rail transport, road-air transport, and road-rail transport, and provide services such as "hand-free travel", waiting for trains (planes) in different places, baggage intermodal consignment, and inter-hub ferrying. Encourage market players to rely on hubs to integrate online and offline resources and provide full-process, one-stop travel services for travel, ticketing, and payment. Encourage the innovation of the "multimodal transport + regional distribution + urban distribution" organizational model based on hub ports and stations to promote efficient cargo transfer. | |||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Water Transport | 2021 | Promote the alignment of intermodal transport standards. Improve intermodal transport document standards for containers and other cargo. Strengthen the development of standards for intermodal loading units, transshipment facilities, and container and other transport operations and services. Support transport companies in taking the lead in developing and promoting a series of standards for container and other transport operations and services. Establish and promote unified intermodal transport standards, accelerate standardized operations in transportation, warehousing, loading and unloading, and promote convenient freight connectivity. | x | x | x | ||
| 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Improve the collection and distribution system, develop passenger intermodal transport and multimodal transport of goods, and promote "one-stop" and "one-order" services throughout the entire journey. | |||||
| Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030 ('1+N') | 2021 | We will develop smart transportation and promote rational division of functions and effective linkages between different means of transportation, so as to reduce empty-loading ratio and unreasonable turnover in passenger and freight transportation. We will make great effort to develop multimodal transportation with railway and waterway transportation as the mainstay. | x | x | x | x | |
| Digital Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2021 | Develop an Integrated Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) Platform: Promote the concept of "Mobility as a Service" (MaaS), and encourage enterprises to integrate multimodal travel information resources. Provide passengers with end-to-end, multimodal, and one-stop travel services, and advance the development of intermodal passenger transport and the digitalization of the entire travel experience. | |||||
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | Accelerate the construction of multimodal transport transshipment facilities and collection and distribution systems in comprehensive freight hubs, coordinate transshipment, ports, bonded warehouses, postal express and other functions, and improve multimodal transport efficiency and comprehensive logistics service levels. Develop air express and high-speed rail express, promote multimodal transportation of mail and express, realize smooth connection across fields, regions, and modes of transportation, and promote transparency of the entire transportation process. | |||||
| Promote the development of multimodal transport, optimize and adjust the transport structure Work Program (2021-2025) | 2021 | By 2025, the level of multimodal transport development will be significantly improved, and a development pattern will be basically formed in which the medium and long-distance transportation of bulk goods and containers is mainly based on railways and waterways. promote the extension of railway stations to key ports, hub airports, industrial agglomeration areas, and major production areas of bulk materials | x | x | x | x | |
| 14th Five Year Plan for the Construction of Modern Logistics System | 2020 | Strengthen the development of international intermodal transport corridors connecting inland regions with coastal ports. Optimize transport organization along corridors such as the New Western Land-Sea Corridor, and actively establish international platforms such as the China-ASEAN Multimodal Transport Alliance. Enhance the organization and operational level of international multimodal transport and promote two-way opening-up of the central and western regions. Vigorously develop multimodal transport. Relying on important logistics hubs, give play to the comparative advantages of different modes of transport, improve the efficiency of combination, and develop large-scale and networked multimodal transport. Promote the rational layout and construction of multimodal transport facilities and stations, strengthen the connection of facilities, equipment, management and other standards, and strengthen the open sharing of various transportation information such as railways, highways, water transport, civil aviation, and postal services. Deepen the promotion of container multimodal transport, actively promote various forms of drop-and-hook transport, optimize business and operating procedures, and improve the efficiency of multimodal transport organization. Cultivate multimodal transport operators, focus on rail-water transport, river-sea transport, river-sea direct, international railway transport, etc., actively promote the "one-order system", enrich the "door-to-door" integrated multimodal transport service products, and create a multimodal transport brand. | x | x | x | ||
| Outline for the Development of Inland Waterway Transport | 2020 | Develop economically efficient river-sea combined transport and multimodal transport. Improve the relevant policies and technical standards for the development of direct river-sea transport, form a river-sea transport logistics system that organically connects river-sea direct transport and river-sea combined transport, and improve the service level of river-sea transport. Strengthen information resource sharing, accelerate the unification of technical standards and service rules, and vigorously develop multimodal transport with ports as hubs and “single-document system” as the core. | x | x | |||
| Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Nation | 2019 | By 2035, passenger intermodal transportation is convenient and smooth, and multimodal transportation of goods is efficient and economical. |
Freight rail infrastructure improvement
| Action Plan for Reducing Costs, Improving Quality and Increasing Efficiency of Transportation and Logistics | 2024 | Accelerate the promotion of dedicated railway lines into port yards, logistics parks, and industrial and mining enterprises. New and relocated logistics parks, industrial parks, industrial and mining enterprises, grain reserves, etc. with an annual transportation volume of more than 1.5 million tons of bulk goods should, in principle, be connected to dedicated railway lines or pipelines. Establish a full-time guarantee mechanism for railway freight, and promote the operation of passenger trains and direct services. Innovate high-speed rail express, double-decker container trains, multi-unit express trains and other models. Accelerate the promotion and application of unitized logistics vehicles such as standard pallets and turnover boxes (baskets) and their recycling and sharing. | x | ||||
| Action Plan to Effectively Reduce Logistics Costs in the Whole Society | 2024 | Formulate and implement a reform plan for the railway freight market, promote the transformation of railway freight to railway logistics, and support railway freight stations to carry out logistics service operations in an orderly manner in accordance with laws and regulations. Reform the organization mode of railway transportation and dispatching production, strengthen cross-bureau transportation organization and coordination, innovate a series of logistics products, vigorously develop efficient, stable, and market-oriented direct freight trains, and explore the use of high-speed rail express functions. Reduce the planning, construction and use costs of railway special lines, and promote the sharing of railway dedicated lines. Optimize the China-Europe train operation plan and capacity allocation mechanism. Increase the number of China-Europe train operations in the full timetable. Promote the property rights of international railway transport documents and encourage cities with conditions to explore pilot projects. | x | ||||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Promote the high-quality development of China-Europe trains. Improve the collection and distribution system of port areas, industrial parks, etc., and promote the large-scale port areas with direct railway access to major ports. Promote the development of multimodal transport such as rail-water, road-rail, air-land, etc., strengthen the construction of railway (high-speed rail) express and air freight capacity, and innovate the development model of "trunk multimodal transport + regional distribution". | x | x | |||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Accelerate the construction of port collection and distribution railways, ensuring that key port areas of major coastal and inland ports with suitable conditions are basically connected to such rail links. Newly build or relocate large-scale industrial and mining enterprises and logistics parks with a bulk cargo transport volume of more than 1.5 million tons, and encourage the simultaneous planning and construction of dedicated railway lines. Actively develop heavy-load direct rail, direct train, high-speed rail express and other modes. Promote the high-quality development of China-Europe trains. Promote the upgrading and reconstruction of the "bottleneck" sections of the western, central and eastern channels of China-Europe trains, and actively open up new overseas routes. Vigorously develop transit and assembly trains such as additional axles and step assembly, and promote the transformation of the operation mode from "point to point" to "hub to hub". Scientifically and rationally formulate the operation plan of China-Europe trains, dynamically adjust the operation routes, and promote the intensive use of line resources. Strictly control the empty containers of the outbound trains, support the return trains to carry out the mixed transportation business of domestic and foreign trade goods of international trains with containers as units, and strive to achieve "heavy out and heavy return". Promote the integrated development of Internet + freight logistics. Improve the network freight management system, study the inclusion of transaction matching freight platforms into industry supervision, study and formulate network freight business service standards, and strengthen market operation monitoring. Guide the standardized and healthy development of new forms of network freight. Vigorously develop "Internet +" efficient logistics and innovate smart logistics operation models. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Accelerate the promotion of railway access to key port areas and large industrial and mining enterprises, logistics parks, and key material storage depots. Optimize the organization of freight train transportation, gradually expand the operation scope of trains, steadily promote the network of trains, and carry out high-speed rail express business based on high-speed rail passenger trains with conditions. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Modern Transport Hub System | 2021 | Railway-dominated and water-dominated comprehensive freight hubs should focus on the overall layout of specialized container intermodal transport, loading and unloading storage, short-haul and other facilities and equipment to improve the efficiency of multimodal transport. Promote piggyback transport and railway double-layer container transport between hub ports and stations that meet the conditions. | x | x | |||
| 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Promote the construction of the China-Europe Express train assembly center. | x | ||||
| Opinions on Further Improving the Work of Railway Planning and Construction | 2021 | Conventional railways should make full use of channel resources to improve cargo transportation capacity and the proportion of container multimodal transport. | x | ||||
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | Develop international freight trains, with a focus on the China-Europe express. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Plan for the Construction of Modern Logistics System | 2020 | Accelerate the development of various forms of railway express delivery. Accelerate the construction of railway (high-speed rail) express delivery infrastructure network, strengthen the connection with storage, distribution, and delivery facilities, and coordinate the use of high-speed rail and conventional rail express delivery facilities. Carry out high-speed rail multi-style and large-volume express delivery pilot projects, and gradually build a railway (high-speed rail) express delivery service network with multi-point coverage and flexible organization. Promote the connection and integration of high-speed rail express delivery and e-commerce express delivery, strengthen the connection between railway trunk lines and highway collection and distribution and international air transportation networks, and improve the organization level of railway (high-speed rail) express delivery. Consolidate and enhance the favorable development trend of China-Europe trains, further optimize the train operation plan, build a train information platform, accelerate the construction of demonstration projects of assembly centers, improve the level of domestic and foreign node connection, and promote balanced import and export and stable and safe operation. Railway (high-speed rail) express capacity construction project. Promote the construction of railway (high-speed rail) express logistics bases and implement the railway terminal logistics facility renovation project. Strengthen supporting infrastructure at ports of entry for customs clearance, transshipment, reloading, inspection, and information services, with a particular focus on enhancing reloading capacity at railway ports along routes to Central Asia, and China-Mongolia-Russia corridors. Promote the construction of dedicated railway lines for key industrial parks and logistics hubs. | x | x |
Fuel tax
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Highways | 2021 | Implement the requirements of the "Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Deepening the Reform of the Rural Road Management and Maintenance System" (Guobanfa [2019] No. 45), and strictly enforce the relevant provisions on the use of transfer payments from the refined oil consumption tax reform for road maintenance. | x |
General transport improvement for elderly, children, or persons with disabilities
| 2024 Work Plan for Five People's Livelihood Matters, including Expansion, Improvement and Efficiency of Accessible Transportation Services for the Elderly | 2024 | We will strengthen urban transportation services for primary and secondary school students, open 500 bus routes to school, and urge online ride-hailing platforms to give priority to ensuring the demand for rides with primary and secondary schools as the starting and ending points during peak hours. Strengthen the transportation capacity and organizational scheduling for starting and ending points for primary and secondary schools, and continuously improve the response of school travel services. All provincial transportation authorities should guide cities at the prefecture level and above in their provinces, especially national bus city creation cities and demonstration cities, to do a good job in the design of school bus routes, the renovation of platform facilities along the route, the selection of service models, the selection of service personnel, and the organization of operation services, and establish and improve the school bus operation safety management system. | x | ||||
| Notice on Further Strengthening Accessible Travel Services for the Elderly | 2024 | The transportation, railway, civil aviation, and postal management departments of all regions should supervise and guide the operators of transportation facilities to continuously improve the signs and markings of barrier-free facilities, optimize the flow of barrier-free passages, and strengthen the operation, maintenance, and management of barrier-free facilities. Improve the barrier-free urban transportation experience for the elderly. The transportation authorities of all regions should accelerate the establishment of barrier-free urban public transportation guidance systems and plan to deploy an appropriate number of barrier-free taxis. We should strengthen the renovation of barrier-free public bus and tram stations for the elderly, improve the setting of blind paths, wheelchair ramps and curb ramps at urban public bus and tram stations, and connect them with the sidewalks. It is necessary to promote the transformation and upgrading of self-service public service terminal equipment in urban rail transit stations, civil transport airport terminals, passenger stations, passenger terminals, etc., so that they have barrier-free functions such as voice, large characters, and Braille. All localities should actively seek support from local people's governments, strengthen policy support in terms of funding, land, facilities, and services for the construction of an accessible travel environment suitable for the elderly, and urge transportation construction and operation units to implement the requirements for the construction of an accessible travel environment. | |||||
| Barrier-free Environment Construction Law of the People's Republic of China | 2023 | Article 55 The state shall establish a talent training mechanism in the field of barrier-free environment construction. Relevant disciplines such as architecture, transportation, computer science and technology shall increase the teaching and practice content of barrier-free environment construction, and the examination content of professional qualifications, continuing education and other training in related fields shall include knowledge of barrier-free environment construction. Accessible facilities should be equipped with barrier-free signs that meet the standards and be included in the guidance sign system of the surrounding environment or inside the building. The state encourages map navigation and positioning products to gradually improve the signs of barrier-free facilities and barrier-free travel route navigation functions. The state takes measures to promote the construction of a barrier-free environment and provide convenience for the disabled and the elderly to independently and safely travel on roads, enter and exit buildings and use their ancillary facilities, take public transportation, obtain, use and exchange information, and receive social services. Article 33 Self-service public service terminal equipment in urban rail transit stations, civil transport airport terminals, passenger stations, passenger terminals, large scenic spots, etc. shall have barrier-free functions such as voice, large characters, and Braille. Article 42 The operators of transportation facilities and public transportation vehicles shall set up barrier-free service windows, special waiting areas, green channels and priority seats for the disabled and the elderly according to the service characteristics of various modes of transportation, combined with the conditions of facilities and equipment and the services provided, and provide barrier-free services such as assistive devices, consultation and guidance, subtitle announcements, voice prompts, and reservation customization. Article 46 The operators of public places, transportation facilities and public transportation vehicles shall provide convenience for disabled people to bring guide dogs, hearing dogs, assistance dogs and other service dogs. |
Green aviation program
| China's Nationally Determined Contribution Report 2035 | 2025 | By 2035, strive for carbonneutral growth in civil aviation transport capacity | x | ||||
| Action plan to promote large-scale equipment renewals and consumer product trade-ins | 2024 | Strengthen the industrialization capacity of green aviation equipment such as electric and hydrogen energy. | x | ||||
| Opinions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Comprehensively Advancing the Construction of a Beautiful China | 2024 | Promote the green transformation of railway stations, civil airports, ports, logistics parks, and railway electrification | x | x | x | ||
| The People's Republicof China Fourth National Communication on Climate Change | 2023 | The Civil Aviation Administration of China issued plans on deepening the greendevelopment of civil aviation and the three-year action plan to fight air pollution incivil aviation, which clarify targets and requirements in regard to “fuel to electricity (FTE)”andauxiliary power unit (APU) replacement projects. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation | 2022 | Support breakthroughs in the research and development of technologies such as airport intelligent operation monitoring, self-service intelligent services, and smart energy management. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Plan for Aviation Logistics | 2022 | By 2025, a safe, smart, efficient and green air logistics system will be initially established, the air logistics guarantee capability will be significantly enhanced, the cost reduction and efficiency improvement will be significant, the system's independent and controllable capabilities will be greatly improved, and the air logistics service capabilities for industries such as high-end manufacturing, postal express, and cross-border e-commerce will continue to improve. | x | ||||
| Opinions on Promoting Green Development in the Joint Construction of the Belt and Road Initiative | 2022 | Actively promote low-carbon development of international shipping and international aviation. | x | x | |||
| "14th Five-Year" Civil Aviation Development Plan | 2021 | Establish a low-carbon operation and management standard system for airlines. Improve the full-lifecycle green airport standard system. Enhance the ecological, landscape, and cultural value of airport greening. Support the development of a carbon emission management and evaluation mechanism for Chinese airports, and encourage qualified airports to develop near-zero-carbon airports and terminals. Promote airlines company to integrate green development concepts into their entire operational chain and process, enhancing refined management. | x | x |
Green logistics program
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Integrated Development of Transportation and Energy | 2025 | Promote the development of green and low-carbon postal express delivery. Promote the use of new energy postal express delivery vehicles, and increase the promotion and application of drones and unmanned vehicles on the premise of ensuring safety. Actively promote the use of sustainable aviation fuels in delivery and express air transportation. Eliminate old sorting equipment, promote the iteration of intelligent sorting equipment sets, improve sorting efficiency, and promote the intelligent and low-carbon upgrading of equipment. | x | x | |||
| Opinions on promoting high-quality development of inland waterway transportation | 2025 | Regularly operate the long-term mechanism for pollution prevention and control of ships and ports in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Increase the proportion of clean transportation in the collection and distribution of bulk goods such as coal, coke, and iron ore at inland ports, and give priority to clean transportation in new, renovated, and expanded port areas. Promote the use of new energy sources in ports that meet the conditions for adding and replacing operating machinery and vehicles in ports in accordance with local conditions. Promote the construction of dust suppression facilities and fully enclosed transformation of dry bulk cargo terminals in a stable and orderly manner. Promote the installation of oil and gas recovery facilities on oil tankers and terminals. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Improving Transportation Standards (2024-2027) | 2024 | Accelerate the formulation of standards for the selection of urban logistics distribution vehicles and the evaluation of urban green freight distribution, and promote the intensive, efficient, green and low-carbon development of urban and road freight distribution. | x | x | |||
| Action Plan to Effectively Reduce Logistics Costs in the Whole Society | 2024 | Expand the application of new energy logistics vehicles in urban distribution, postal express delivery and other fields. Study the development path of zero-carbon emission technology for heavy trucks. Continue to promote the greening, reduction and recycling of logistics packaging. Accelerate the green transformation of logistics. Formulate a promotion catalog of key green logistics technologies and equipment, and support the green upgrading and transformation of logistics hubs, storage facilities, and transportation tools. Carry out green logistics enterprise benchmarking and compliance actions. Support the implementation of carbon emission accounting and related certification work in the logistics field, and build a public service platform for logistics carbon emission calculation. | x | ||||
| Opinions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Comprehensively Advancing the Construction of a Beautiful China | 2024 | Promote the green transformation of railway stations, civil airports, ports, logistics parks, and railway electrification | x | x | x | x | |
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Build about 40 new urban green freight distribution demonstration projects to promote intensive, efficient, green and intelligent development of urban freight. A number of green outlets and green distribution centers for postal and express delivery have been built. | x | x | x | x | |
| The People's Republicof China Fourth National Communication on Climate Change | 2023 | The Ministry of Transport, the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Transport have co-launched the demonstration campaign on green transport and delivery to improvetransport efficiency and cut GHG emissions. The candidate demonstration cities havepooled logistics resources, innovated modes of delivery, improved comprehensive publiccargo transport hub facilities and rolled out favorable traffic policies for urban deliveryvehicles to integrate intercity artery transport and urban terminal delivery, enableanintensive and efficient urban cargo transport and delivery system, and make circulationmore efficient and facilitate energy conservation and emission reduction. As an important part of the campaign, the application of new energy logistics vehicles has been widenedinthe regions where efforts were made to optimize urban delivery networks, roll out subsidypolicies, improve traffic conditions and guarantee the right of way for NEVs. | x | x | |||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | By 2025, orderly build about 100 urban green freight distribution demonstration projects. continue to promote the green and lightweight development of mail and express packaging. Deepen the creation of demonstration projects for urban green freight distribution. | x | x | x | x | x |
| 14th Five Year Plan for Aviation Logistics | 2022 | Promote the smooth and efficient domestic logistics network. Improve the efficiency of belly cargo capacity resources, fully tap the value of belly cargo capacity and reduce aviation logistics costs through strengthening marketing and optimizing products. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Continue to promote the reduction of logistics costs. Reduce logistics system costs, optimize the procedures for handling licenses and permits, and improve the market-oriented and flexible adjustment mechanism for railway freight prices. Reduce the cost of logistics factors and ensure the demand for land for major logistics infrastructure construction. Implement logistics tax and fee reduction measures, standardize and reduce logistics charges such as port shipping, road and rail transportation, and comprehensively clean up and standardize enterprise-related charges. The delivery service coverage rate in established villages: greater than 90%. Implement green freight distribution demonstration projects in about 100 cities in an orderly manner. | |||||
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | Promote the use of green transportation methods such as railways, water transport, closed belt corridors, new energy and clean energy vehicles for bulk cargo in ports and large industrial and mining enterprises. Continue to carry out the development of urban green freight distribution demonstration projects, and encourage the development of intensive distribution modes such as joint distribution, centralized distribution, and time-sharing distribution. Guide the standardized development of road freight transportation on network platforms to effectively reduce the empty driving rate. | x | x | x | ||
| Opinions on Promoting Green Development in the Joint Construction of the Belt and Road Initiative | 2022 | consolidate and stabilize the good development trend of China-Europe trains, and develop multimodal transport and green logistics. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Improve the modern commercial circulation system, cultivate a group of modern circulation enterprises with global competitiveness, support the transformation and upgrading of commercial circulation facilities such as convenience stores and farmers' markets, develop contactless transaction services, and strengthen the standardization of commercial circulation and green development. | |||||
| Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030 ('1+N') | 2021 | We will develop smart transportation and promote rational division of functions and effective linkages between different means of transportation, so as to reduce empty-loading ratio and unreasonable turnover in passenger and freight transportation. We will speed up development of the urban-rural logistics and distribution system, and create green and low-carbon, intensive, and highly efficient modes of distribution. We will speed up development of the urban-rural logistics and distribution system, and create green and low-carbon, intensive, and highly efficient modes of distribution. | x | x | x | x | x |
| Comprehensive work plan for energy conservation and emission reduction in the 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Accelerate the construction of green warehousing and encourage the construction of green logistics parks. Accelerate the promotion and application of standardized logistics turnover boxes. Comprehensively promote green express packaging and guide e-commerce companies and postal express companies to purchase and use express packaging products that have obtained green certifica | x | ||||
| New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035) | 2021 | Build an intelligent and green logistics transportation system. Promote the application of new energy vehicles in urban distribution, port operations, and other fields, and provide convenience for the passage of new energy trucks. Develop "Internet+" efficient logistics, innovate intelligent logistics operation models, promote the application of new models such as online freight transport and trailer sharing, and create a new form of safe and efficient logistics transportation services. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Plan for the Construction of Modern Logistics System | 2020 | Promote the recycling and sharing of green packaging technology and logistics standardized equipment, encourage the construction of an online and offline integrated waste material reverse logistics system, and promote the recycling and reuse of waste items and packaging. | |||||
| Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Nation | 2019 | Promote greening and reduction of mail and express packaging. | x | x | x | x | x |
Green roads program
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | Deepen the construction of green highways. Promote the full implementation of green highway construction requirements for newly started expressways according to local conditions, encourage the construction of ordinary national and provincial highways in accordance with green highway requirements, and guide rural roads with conditions to refer to green highway requirements and jointly promote the construction of "Four Good Rural Roads". | x |
Green shipping program
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Integrated Development of Transportation and Energy | 2025 | Promote the development of green and low-carbon ships. Scrap and update old operating ships with high energy consumption and high emissions, and vigorously support the development of new energy and clean energy powered ships. Explore the sharing and application of mobile ship equipment such as standardized fuel tanks and box power supplies, support the application of photovoltaic power generation technology on inland ships, and actively promote the application of clean energy such as electricity, liquefied natural gas (LNG), biodiesel, green alcohol, green ammonia, and green hydrogen on ships. | x | ||||
| Opinions on promoting high-quality development of inland waterway transportation | 2025 | Develop fleet transportation in accordance with local conditions. Support the innovative development of green and efficient pusher fleets in the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal and Heilongjiang, promote large-scale applications, and develop fixed-route fleet transportation for bulk cargoes. Encourage the Yangtze River Delta and other water network regions to actively cultivate fleet operators and explore the development of a combined transport mode of motor ships and barges. Guide other regions with conditions to develop fleet transportation in accordance with local conditions based on navigation conditions and cargo supply. Promote the research and demonstration application of ship formation navigation technology. Actively develop green ship propulsion technology and accelerate the construction of a green and intelligent ship technical specification system. Accelerate the application of battery power technology in small and medium-sized ships, short and medium-distance transportation and other scenarios, and encourage the large-scale application of electric ships on a fixed schedule and fixed route. Accelerate the elimination of high-energy-consuming and high-emission old transport ships, and study and formulate the "Ship Exhaust Smoke Limit and Measurement Method". Build green and beautiful waterways. Actively promote the construction and maintenance of green waterways, strictly implement ecological protection and restoration measures, develop and apply new structures, new materials, new processes, and new equipment, and carry out waterway regulation, maintenance and dredging of sand, and comprehensive utilization of earth and stone in accordance with the law and in an orderly manner. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Improving Transportation Standards (2024-2027) | 2024 | Revise the sampling standards for oily sewage and domestic sewage in ship machinery spaces to improve the ability to regulate ship pollutant emissions. Revise standards for ship noise limits. Formulate resource recycling standards for port and terminal sewage. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Large-Scale Equipment Renewal in Transportation | 2024 | Accelerate the development of green and smart ship standard system, establish and improve new energy ships and key equipment and quality technical standards, and implement a green and smart ship standardization leading project. Accelerate the formulation and revision of standards such as fuel consumption limits and carbon emission intensity for operating ships. Strengthen the upgrading of energy consumption, emissions and technical standards for operating vehicles and ships. Benchmarking against international advanced levels, accelerate the improvement of the safety and green development level of operating trucks, operating ships and other means of transport. | x | ||||
| Action Plan to Effectively Reduce Logistics Costs in the Whole Society | 2024 | Strengthen the construction of domestic port storage facilities for the export of "New Three" electric vehicles, lithium batteries, and photovoltaic products, and support efficient and convenient exports. Carry out new energy vehicle logistics improvement projects, strengthen the construction of port roll-on/roll-off terminals. Promote the establishment of a clean fuel supply guarantee system for ships. | x | ||||
| Action plan to promote large-scale equipment renewals and consumer product trade-ins | 2024 | Vigorously support the development of new energy powered ships, improve the supporting infrastructure and standards for new energy powered ships, and gradually expand the application scope of new energy ships such as electric, liquefied natural gas powered, biodiesel powered, and green methanol powered. | x | ||||
| Opinions on strengthening the clean and efficient use of coal | 2024 | Increase the proportion of green collection and distribution in coastal and river ports, and promote the normal use of shore power by ships at ports in accordance with the law. | x | ||||
| Opinions on Strengthening the Planning and Construction of Coastal and Inland Ports and Waterways in the New Era | 2024 | Strengthen the intelligent development of national high-grade waterways such as the Yangtze River and the Xijiang River. Build green ports and waterways, encourage the construction and use of photovoltaic, wind, and shore-based power facilities, promote the use of new and clean energy, strengthen ecological and environmental protection and pollution control, conserve and intensively utilize land and other resources, and promote the comprehensive utilization of dredged soil. | x | ||||
| Opinions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Comprehensively Advancing the Construction of a Beautiful China | 2024 | Promote the green transformation of railway stations, civil airports, ports, logistics parks, and railway electrification | x | ||||
| Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the High-Quality Development of Modern Shipping Services | 2023 | Improve the technical service capabilities of shipping. Promote the research and development of green and smart ships, products and systems, accelerate the promotion and application of digital systems, strengthen technical service capabilities such as ship construction and maintenance, and enhance the inspection and certification service capabilities of green and smart ships and products. Strengthen the management of ship inspection institutions and promote the overall improvement of ship inspection service levels and service quality. Organize the formulation and promotion of green and smart shipping technical standards. Strengthen the innovation capabilities building of national water equipment safety and reliability technology. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Strictly implement national and local pollutant control standards and ship emission area requirements, and promote qualified ships to use shore power according to regulations after docking. Further expand the coverage of network ticketing and electronic ship ticket applications for water passenger transport. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Promote inland ships to use more clean energy, and further reduce the energy consumption of transportation tools. | x | ||||
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | Promote the application of pure electric tourist passenger ships according to local conditions. Continue to strengthen the prevention and control of ship pollution. Strictly implement the requirements of the ship air pollutant emission control area, work with relevant departments to ensure the supply of low-sulfur fuel for ships, reduce the emission of sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter and volatile organic compounds from ships, and evaluate the implementation effect of the emission control area in a timely manner. Promote the construction of the ship air pollutant monitoring and supervision pilot area, and strengthen the supervision and inspection of the equipment and use of ship pollution facilities. Continue to promote the effective operation of port ship water pollutant reception facilities, and ensure smooth connection with urban public transfer and disposal facilities, actively promote the electronic joint form management of ship pollutants, and improve the level of informationization of joint supervision of ship water pollutants. Strictly implement the policy of free reception of domestic garbage from ships in inland ports of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Deepen the research on key technologies such as comprehensive prevention and control of traffic pollution. Focus on promoting the R&D of new technologies, new processes and new equipment for coordinated governance of ship air pollution and carbon emissions, in-depth governance of port and ship water pollution, and monitoring and supervision of traffic energy consumption and pollution emissions. Deepen the construction of green ports and green waterways. Promote the upgrading and transformation of old inland river docks, actively promote the optimization and integration of scattered docks and orderly withdrawal, and encourage the ecological restoration of land and water areas. Increase the introduction and research and development of new technologies, new materials, new processes and new structures for green waterway construction, actively promote the combination of waterway management and habitat restoration and creation, accelerate the promotion of green construction and maintenance technologies for waterway projects, give priority to the use of waterway regulation technologies and construction processes with less ecological impact, promote the application of eco-friendly new materials and new structures in waterway projects, strengthen aquatic ecological protection, and promptly carry out waterway ecological restoration and ecological compensation. Deepen the construction of green ports and green waterways. Comprehensively improve the level of port pollution prevention and control, energy conservation and low carbon, ecological protection, resource conservation and recycling, and green transportation organization, continue to promote the construction of green ports, and encourage ports or port areas with conditions to build green ports (port areas). Promote the upgrading and transformation of old inland river docks, actively promote the optimization and integration of scattered docks and orderly withdrawal, and encourage the ecological restoration of land and water areas. Further improve the level of port pollution control. Coordinate and strengthen the maintenance and management of environmental protection facilities of existing terminals and the construction and use of environmental protection facilities of new terminals to ensure stable operation and promote the recycling of water resources. Accelerate the construction of wind and dust prevention facilities and equipment configuration in dry bulk terminal yards. Orderly promote the construction, renovation and use of crude oil, refined oil terminals and ship oil and gas recovery facilities, and improve operation management regulations and supporting standards and specifications. Improve the operation effect of water-based chemical tank washing stations and improve the disposal capacity of chemical tank washing water. By 2025, the energy consumption and carbon emission intensity of operating vehicles and ships have further decreased, and the proportion of new energy and clean energy applications has significantly increased; New achievements have been made in the prevention and control of transportation pollution, the emission intensity of pollutants from operating vehicles and ships has continued to decrease, and the total amount of emissions has further decreased; | x | ||||
| Opinions on Promoting Green Development in the Joint Construction of the Belt and Road Initiative | 2022 | Actively promote low-carbon development of international shipping and international aviation. Promote energy-saving and low-carbon transportation tools such as new energy and clean energy vehicles and ships, and promote the Chinese solution for intelligent transportation. | x | x | x | ||
| Outline of the Medium- and Long-Term Development Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation (2021-2035) | 2022 | Promote the independent design and construction of new energy and clean energy ships, smart ships, large and medium-sized cruise ships, polar navigation ships, and modern navigation and navigation equipment development, and break through key technologies and equipment for ship-borne intelligent perception and control. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Water Transport | 2021 | Continuously improve the prevention and control of ship pollution. Promote the implementation of ship emission controls. Promote the renovation of facilities and equipment for inland vessels under 400 gross tonnage, implementing onboard storage and shore-based disposal. Encourage the research and development and application of new energy and clean energy vessels, including LNG, electric, and hydrogen. Promote the ecological protection and restoration of waterway facilities. Promote the application of new energy-saving and water-saving technologies and processes, and comprehensively utilize dredged soil, construction materials, and waste materials. Promote the implementation of ecological restoration measures such as ecological revetments, ecological beach protection, and artificial fish nests on inland waterways. Strengthen the development of standards in areas such as construction and maintenance, smart ports, intelligent waterways, energy conservation and environmental protection, and safety and emergency response, and formulate technical regulations for new energy or clean energy vessels such as lithium batteries. Improve the standard system for green development of ports and waterways. We will coordinate development and safety, organically integrate the requirements of building a Safe China into water transport development, and build safe ports and waterways. Improve port green indicators and operational requirements, as well as the reporting system and statistical system for port energy consumption and environmental statistics. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030 ('1+N') | 2021 | We will work faster to upgrade old ships, and develop ships fueled by electric power and liquefied natural gas. | x | ||||
| China's Mid-Century Long-Term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development Strategy | 2021 | Build (near) zero-carbon hubs, stations and ports (port areas). | x | ||||
| Outline for the Development of Inland Waterway Transport | 2020 | Major breakthroughs have been made in inland waterway transport infrastructure, transport services, green development, and safety supervision. The proportion of new energy and clean energy ships has increased significantly, and pollutants such as ship sewage and garbage have been collected and discharged in compliance with standards; new generation information technologies such as the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence are widely used in inland shipping. Strengthen ecological protection and restoration of inland waterway transportation. Strictly adhere to the red line of ecological protection, integrate the concept of resource conservation and environmental protection into the entire process of inland waterway planning, design, construction, maintenance and operation, and promote the construction of green waterways and green ports. | x | ||||
| Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Nation | 2019 | Strictly implement national and local pollutant control standards and ship emission area requirements, and promote pollution prevention and control of ships and ports. | x |
High speed rail (HSR) expansion
| 14th Five Year Plan for the Construction of Modern Logistics System | 2020 | Accelerate the development of various forms of railway express delivery. Accelerate the construction of railway (high-speed rail) express delivery infrastructure network, strengthen the connection with storage, distribution, and delivery facilities, and coordinate the use of high-speed rail and conventional rail express delivery facilities. Carry out high-speed rail multi-style and large-volume express delivery pilot projects, and gradually build a railway (high-speed rail) express delivery service network with multi-point coverage and flexible organization. Promote the connection and integration of high-speed rail express delivery and e-commerce express delivery, strengthen the connection between railway trunk lines and highway collection and distribution and international air transportation networks, and improve the organization level of railway (high-speed rail) express delivery. | x | x |
High speed rail (HSR) improvement
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Construction of International Aviation Hubs | 2024 | Promote the in-depth and practical development of "air-rail intermodal transport" and promote the in-depth and effective connection and integration between civil aviation and high-speed rail in layout planning, project construction, coordinated operation, and service docking. | x | x | |||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Promote the development of multimodal transport such as rail-water, road-rail, air-land, etc., strengthen the construction of railway (high-speed rail) express and air freight capacity, and innovate the development model of "trunk multimodal transport + regional distribution". Promote the intelligent upgrading and transformation of high-speed railways, and promote the application of next-generation train control systems and intelligent driving dispatching and command systems. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation | 2022 | Possess the technical capability to deliver and operate 400 km/h high-speed wheel-rail, 600 km/h high-speed maglev and other rail transit mobile equipment. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Optimize the organization of high-speed railway transportation, expand the scope of Fuxing EMU operation, gradually achieve high-speed operation of high-speed railways, improve the service quality of conventional railways, and encourage the operation of evening departure and morning arrival trains. Carry out the research and development and application of CR450 high-speed Chinese standard EMU and pedigree Chinese standard subway trains, and promote railway heavy-load transportation technology and equipment. | x | ||||
| Outline of the Medium- and Long-Term Development Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation (2021-2035) | 2022 | Promote the development of 400 km/h high-speed wheel-rail passenger trains, and achieve major breakthroughs in 30,000-ton heavy-load trains and 250 km/h high-speed wheel-rail freight trains. Actively explore the research and development of ultra-high-speed trains, and develop advanced rail equipment that integrates new energy, material structure, and cross-standard adaptation. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year" Civil Aviation Development Plan | 2021 | Accelerate the development of an "aviation + high-speed rail" rapid transportation service network, extending the aviation network and expanding the scope of services. | x | x | |||
| 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Promote the research and development and application of CR450 high-speed Chinese standard EMUs, pedigree Chinese standard subway trains, high-end machine tools, advanced engineering machinery, key components of nuclear power units, cruise ships, large LNG ships and deep-sea oil and gas production platforms. Develop high-speed rail express and other express railway freight products, strengthen international air freight capacity, and enhance international shipping competitiveness. | x | ||||
| China's Mid-Century Long-Term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development Strategy | 2021 | Actively develop large-capacity and high-efficiency interregional rapid passenger transport services with high-speed rail and aviation as the mainstay, improve the level of rail transit commuting in urban agglomerations, and encourage the mass transit form operation of intercity road transportation in areas with high passenger demand. | x | ||||
| Digital Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2021 | Smart railways. Promote the intelligent upgrading and transformation of high-speed railways, and promote the application of next-generation train control systems and intelligent traffic dispatching and command systems. | x | ||||
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | Research and promote the layout of high-speed maglev channels and test line construction between super-large cities. | x | ||||
| Voluntary National Review 2021 - CHN | 2021 | High-quality public mobility needs are met. Passenger transportation has become more specialized, capable of providing personalized services, and become better structured, with medium and long-distance passenger flow gradually shifting from roads to high-speed rail and flights. The intelligent high-speed rail technology, fully domestically developed, is used on all CR trains with speed ranging from 160-350 km/h. | x | ||||
| Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Nation | 2019 | Major breakthroughs have been achieved in the areas of 30,000-ton heavy-load trains and 250-kilometer-per-hour high-speed rail freight trains. Build a high-capacity, high-efficiency inter-regional rapid passenger transport service with high-speed rail and aviation as the main modes, and improve the passenger transport capacity of major corridors. Rationally coordinate the research and development of technology reserves such as 600 km/h high-speed maglev systems, 400 km/h high-speed wheel-rail (including variable gauge) passenger train systems, and low-vacuum tube (tunnel) high-speed trains. | x | x |
Hydrogen
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Integrated Development of Transportation and Energy | 2025 | Build charging (replacement) stations, gas stations, and hydrogen stations along highways, in urban areas, and in distribution centers. Encourage transportation hubs and stations to use geothermal energy, air energy and other renewable energy for cooling and heating, and reasonably allocate new energy storage and flexible hydrogen production resources. Encourage the development of clean energy hydrogen production based on local conditions based on transportation infrastructure. Actively and steadily promote diversified hydrogen energy storage and transportation methods. | |||||
| Opinions on promoting high-quality development of inland waterway transportation | 2025 | Accelerate the application of green and low-carbon technology in ports, promote the use of new energy and clean energy such as green electricity, hydrogen, LNG and other new energy and clean energy in port machinery and port transportation equipment, encourage the development of distributed energy, and build inland river near-zero carbon terminals. | x | ||||
| China's Nationally Determined Contribution Report 2035 | 2025 | improve networks of charging/battery swap stations, hydrogen refueling stations, shore power systems, aircraft auxiliary power unit replacements, and airport PV installations | x | x | |||
| Action Plan for Improving Transportation Standards (2024-2027) | 2024 | Accelerate the formulation of standards such as technical specifications for hydrogen road transportation to support the construction of a standard system for the entire industrial chain of hydrogen energy production, storage, transportation and use. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Large-Scale Equipment Renewal in Transportation | 2024 | Scientifically plan and appropriately advance the construction of supporting infrastructure for new energy vehicles along highways, and explore the construction of supercharging stations, battery swap stations, hydrogen refueling stations, etc. | x | ||||
| Action plan to promote large-scale equipment renewals and consumer product trade-ins | 2024 | Strengthen the industrialization capacity of green aviation equipment such as electric and hydrogen energy. Strengthen the industrialization capacity of green aviation equipment such as electric and hydrogen energy. | x | ||||
| Five-year action plan for deepening the implementation of a people-oriented new urbanization strategy | 2024 | Accelerate the construction of charging facilities in residential areas, promote the construction of fast charging, battery replacement and hydrogen refueling facilities in public parking lots and qualified gas stations on the premise of ensuring safety, and carry out pilot projects for the comprehensive electrification of vehicles in the public sector. | x | ||||
| Guidance on implementing vigorous renewable energy substitution actions | 2024 | Support qualified regions to carry out pilot operations of biodiesel, biojet fuel, biogas, green hydrogen ammonia alcohol, etc. in the fields of ships and aviation. Strengthen the construction of charging infrastructure, gas stations, and hydrogen stations, and improve the urban and rural charging network system. Establish and improve the market mechanism for renewable energy heating, biogas, and clean low-carbon hydrogen. | x | x | x | ||
| Implementation Plan for Innovative Application of General Aviation Equipment (2024-2030) | 2024 | With electrification as the main direction, while taking into account other technical routes such as hybrid power, hydrogen power, and sustainable fuel power, we will accelerate breakthroughs and upgrades in aviation electric propulsion technology, and carry out key technology research such as efficient energy storage, energy control and management. | x | ||||
| Opinions on strengthening the clean and efficient use of coal | 2024 | Encourage the use of closed belt corridors, pipelines, tubular belt conveyors and electric, hydrogen and other new energy vehicles to transport coal over short distances. | |||||
| China's Energy Transition | 2024 | Efforts have also been made to develop an electric vehicle charging infrastructure network and improve the distribution of hydrogen and natural gas fueling stations and related service facilities. By the end of 2023, there were over 450 hydrogen fueling stations nationwide. | |||||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Promote the application of oil-electric hybrid, liquefied natural gas, hydrogen fuel, ammonia fuel, methanol power and pure electric ships. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation | 2022 | Develop new energy and clean energy transportation equipment, focusing on breakthroughs in transportation electrification technology equipment, hydrogen energy safety application technology for vehicles and ships and other transportation equipment, new railway energy systems and traction power supply technology. | x | x | |||
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | It is encouraged to carry out pilot applications of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Actively explore the application of oil-electric hybrid, hydrogen fuel, ammonia fuel, and methanol-powered ships. Build a market-oriented green technology innovation system to support application research on new energy transportation equipment and facilities, hydrogen fuel vehicles and ships, LNG and biomass fuel ships, etc. | x | x | |||
| National Highway Network Plan | 2022 | Improve the service quality of highway service areas, set up humanized service facilities and charging, battery replacement, hydrogen refueling and other facilities. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan on Modern Energy System Planning | 2021 | Carry out concentrated research on key technologies for new energy storage, accelerate the realization of independent core energy storage technologies, promote the continuous reduction of energy storage costs and large-scale application, improve energy storage technology standards and management systems, and enhance the level of safe operation. Moderately advance the deployment of a number of hydrogen energy projects, focus on conquering core technologies such as renewable energy hydrogen production and hydrogen energy storage, transportation, application and fuel cells, strive to achieve breakthroughs in key technologies for the entire hydrogen energy industry chain, and promote the development and demonstration application of hydrogen energy technology. | |||||
| Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030 ('1+N') | 2021 | We will expand the application of new and clean energy in transportation, such as electricity, hydrogen power, natural gas, and advanced liquid biofuels. We will vigorously promote new-energy vehicles, while gradually reducing the proportion of cars that run on traditional oil-based fuels in new car sales and car ownership, promote the replacement of public service vehicles with electric vehicles and the use of heavy cargo trucks fueled by electricity, hydrogen fuel, and liquefied natural gas. We will boost construction of infrastructure such as charging piles, supporting power grids, and natural gas and hydrogen fueling stations through an orderly approach to improve public transport infrastructure in urban areas. We will boost construction of infrastructure such as charging piles, supporting power grids, and natural gas and hydrogen fueling stations through an orderly approach to improve public transport infrastructure in urban areas. R&D into hydrogen energy technology and its demonstrations applications will be accelerated, and its large-scale application will be trialed in industry, transportation, and construction. | x | x | |||
| China's Mid-Century Long-Term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development Strategy | 2021 | Accelerate the development and application of hydrogen technologies, and explore large-scale applications in the sectors including industry, transportation, and construction. Increase the application of renewable energy such as solar energy, wind energy and geothermal energy in transportation infrastructure, accelerate the improvement of the LNG and hydrogen energy supply (filling) system | |||||
| Comprehensive work plan for energy conservation and emission reduction in the 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Energy conservation and emission reduction projects in transportation and logistics. Promote the construction of green railways, green highways, green ports, green waterways, and green airports, and orderly advance the construction of infrastructure such as charging and swapping, refueling (gas), hydrogen refueling, and shore power for ports and airports. | |||||
| Medium- and long-term plan for the development of the hydrogen energy industry (2021-2035) | 2021 | By 2030, a relatively complete hydrogen energy industry technology innovation system, clean energy hydrogen production and supply system will be formed, the industrial layout will be reasonable and orderly, and renewable energy hydrogen production will be widely used, which will strongly support the realization of the carbon peak target. By 2035, a hydrogen energy industry system will be formed, and a diversified hydrogen energy application ecosystem covering transportation, energy storage, industry and other fields will be built. The proportion of renewable energy hydrogen production in terminal energy consumption has increased significantly, which plays an important supporting role in the green transformation and development of energy. Based on local hydrogen supply capacity, industrial environment, and market potential, and in line with the development characteristics of the road transport sector, efforts should focus on promoting the application of hydrogen fuel cell medium- and heavy-duty vehicles. The market application of hydrogen fuel cell and other new energy passenger and freight vehicles should be steadily expanded, with the aim of gradually establishing a complementary development model between fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) and lithium battery electric vehicles (BEVs). Actively explore the application of fuel cells in the fields of ships, aircraft, etc., promote the research and development of large hydrogen aircraft, and continuously increase the market scale of hydrogen energy applications in the transportation field. Adhere to demand orientation, coordinate the layout and construction of hydrogen refueling stations, and promote the construction of hydrogen refueling network system in an orderly manner. Adhere to safety first, save and intensively use land resources, and support the use of existing gas station facilities to renovate and expand hydrogen refueling stations in accordance with laws and regulations. Explore new models such as hydrogen refueling stations that integrate hydrogen production, storage and hydrogenation. Combined with the ecological and environmental protection needs and power infrastructure conditions of key areas, explore the demonstration application of hydrogen fuel cells in ships, aircraft and other fields. In areas with high operational intensity and fixed routes—such as mining areas, ports, and industrial parks, pilot demonstrations of hydrogen fuel cell freight transport should be explored, along with application verification of vehicles equipped with 70 MPa hydrogen storage tanks. Steadily build a hydrogen energy storage and transportation system. On the premise of safety and controllability, actively promote technological material and process innovation, and support the exploration and practice of various storage and transportation methods. Improve the efficiency of high-pressure gas storage and transportation, accelerate the reduction of storage and transportation costs, and effectively improve the commercialization level of high-pressure gas storage and transportation. Promote the industrialization and application of low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage and transportation, and explore the application of solid-state, deep-cold high-pressure, organic liquid and other storage and transportation methods. Carry out pilot demonstrations such as hydrogen-blended natural gas pipelines and pure hydrogen pipelines. Gradually build a high-density, lightweight, low-cost, and diversified hydrogen energy storage and transportation system. | x | x | x | ||
| New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035) | 2021 | The construction of the hydrogen fuel supply system will be steadily promoted. Break through bottlenecks in basic computing and control platform technologies and application support technologies for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, and enhance R&D capabilities in basic key technologies, advanced basic processes, basic core components, and key basic materials. Overcome application support technologies for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, including hydrogen energy storage and transportation, hydrogen refueling stations, and on-board hydrogen storage. Improve the economy of hydrogen fuel production, storage, and transportation. Implement industrial by-product hydrogen and renewable energy hydrogen production technology applications according to local conditions, and accelerate the industrialization of advanced and applicable hydrogen storage materials. Carry out demonstration applications of various storage and transportation technologies such as high-pressure gaseous, cryogenic gaseous, low-temperature liquid, and solid-state, explore the construction of hydrogen fuel transportation pipelines, and gradually reduce the cost of hydrogen fuel storage and transportation. Improve the standard system for hydrogen fuel production, storage, transportation, and refueling. Strengthen research on hydrogen fuel safety and enhance full-chain safety supervision. Promote the construction of hydrogen refueling infrastructure. Establish and improve management specifications for hydrogen refueling infrastructure. Guide enterprises to rationally lay out hydrogen refueling infrastructure based on hydrogen fuel supply and consumption demand, and improve safe operation levels. Support the use of existing sites and facilities to carry out comprehensive supply services for oil, gas, hydrogen, and electricity. | |||||
| 14th Five Year Plan for the Construction of Modern Logistics System | 2020 | Carry out pilot applications of hydrogen fuel cells in automobiles and other fields to reduce energy consumption and emissions in the transportation sector. | x | ||||
| Financial Subsidy Policy for the Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles (2020) | 2020 | Strive to establish a hydrogen energy and fuel cell vehicle industry chain within about four years, achieve breakthroughs in key core technologies, and create a good situation of rational layout and coordinated development. | x | ||||
| Outline for the Development of Inland Waterway Transport | 2020 | Increase the promotion and application of new energy and clean energy. Promote LNG energy-saving and environmentally friendly ships, explore the development of pure electric, fuel cell and other power ships, and study and promote the application of solar energy, wind energy, hydrogen energy and other industries. | X |
Incentives for EVs and components
| Guidelines for the Scientific Planning and Construction of High-Power Charging Infrastructure | 2025 | Encourage the study of incentive mechanisms for subsidies for the construction and operation of high-power charging facilities, and support the construction of qualified high-power charging facility projects through local government special bonds. | x | ||||
| Action plan to promote large-scale equipment renewals and consumer product trade-ins | 2024 | Encourage qualified places to coordinate the use of urban transportation development reward funds arranged by the central government to support new energy buses and battery renewals. | x | ||||
| Implementation Rules for Subsidies for New Energy Urban Public Buses and Power Battery Renewal | 2024 | A fixed subsidy will be given to urban public transport operation enterprises (hereinafter referred to as applicants) for updating new energy city buses and replacing power batteries. It is encouraged to reasonably select the type of new energy city buses to be replaced in combination with changes in passenger flow and the development of the urban public transport industry. The average subsidy for each vehicle is 60,000 yuan, of which 80,000 yuan for updating new energy city buses and 42,000 yuan for replacing power batteries. The subsidy funds for new energy urban plublic buses fleet and power battery renewal are shared by the central and local governments at a ratio of 90:10, and the specific sharing ratio is determined by region. Among them, the eastern provinces share the ratio of 85:15, the central provinces share the ratio of 90:10, and the western provinces share the ratio of 95:5. The provincial governments arrange matching funds in proportion to the central funds allocation. | x | x | |||
| China's Green Development in the New Era | 2023 | China has actively promoted energy-saving and low-carbon products such as new-energy vehicles and energy-efficient household appliances. It has provided tax reductions or exemptions and government subsidies for new-energy vehicles and continued to improve charging infrastructure. | x | ||||
| The People's Republicof China Fourth National Communication on Climate Change | 2023 | China has rolled out fiscal policies to promote NEVs, such as grants of financial subsidies. The Ministry of Finance joins hands with other departments to increasingly improve policies for subsidizing NEV purchases, tighten technical thresholds for subsidies, and reduce subsidies gradually in rational magnitude and pace to advance the high-quality development of NEVs. Measures such as differentiated consumption tax rates, and reduction of and exemption from vehicle purchase tax and vehicle and vessel tax have been taken to promote green and low-carbon mobility. Applicable consumption tax rates for passenger vehicles and motorcycles have been set according to the principle that “the larger engine capacity a vehicle has, the more tax the owner has to pay”; NEV purchases have been exempted from tax. Since 2019, the Ministry of Industry and InformationTechnology and the State Taxation Administration have jointly listed 8,712energy-efficient NEV models qualified for vehicle and vessel tax reduction and exemptionin 38 batches, 14,333 energy-efficient NEV models qualified for purchase tax exemptionin 38 batches, and 5,318 NEV models covered by promotion and application campaignstypes in 29 batches. | x | ||||
| Implementation Opinions on Further Improving the Service Capabilities of Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure | 2022 | Optimize fiscal support policies. Provide fiscal support for the construction of charging points as public facilities. Encourage local governments to establish operating subsidy standards linked to service quality and further tilt towards high-quality stations. Encourage local governments to increase subsidies for demonstration facilities such as high-power charging and vehicle-grid interaction to promote industry transformation and upgrading. | x | ||||
| New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035) | 2021 | Implement tax preferential policies related to new energy vehicles, and optimize measures such as classified traffic management and financial services. Improve the parallel management measures for corporate average fuel consumption and new energy vehicle credits, effectively undertake fiscal subsidy policies, and study the establishment of a mechanism to connect with the carbon trading market. Promote the scientific layout and accelerated construction of infrastructure such as charging, swapping, and hydrogen refueling, and provide financial support for the construction of charging piles as public facilities. | x | ||||
| Financial Subsidy Policy for the Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles (2020) | 2020 | Taking into account technological progress, economies of scale and other factors, the implementation period of the fiscal subsidy policy for the promotion and application of new energy vehicles will be extended to the end of 2022. The intensity and pace of subsidy reduction will be smoothed. In principle, the subsidy standards for 2020-2022 will be reduced by 10%, 20% and 30% respectively on the basis of the previous year. In order to accelerate the electrification of automobiles in public transportation and other fields, the subsidy standards for urban public transportation, road passenger transportation, taxis (including online car-hailing), sanitation, urban logistics distribution, postal express, civil aviation airports and vehicles that meet the requirements in the official fields of party and government agencies will not be reduced in 2020, and the subsidy standards for 2021-2022 will be reduced by 10% and 20% respectively on the basis of the previous year. In principle, the annual subsidy scale is capped at about 2 million vehicles. The current purchase subsidy for fuel cell vehicles will be adjusted to select cities or regions with foundations, enthusiasm and characteristics, focusing on the technical research and industrial application of key components to carry out demonstrations. The central government will adopt the method of "award instead of subsidy" to reward demonstration cities. | x | ||||
| Financial Subsidy Policy for the Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles (2021) | 2020 | To create a stable policy environment, the current technical indicator system framework and threshold requirements for purchase subsidies will remain unchanged in 2021. In 2021, the subsidy standard for new energy vehicles will be reduced by 20% from the 2020 level; to promote the electrification of vehicles in public transportation and other fields, the subsidy standard for vehicles that meet the requirements in urban public transportation, road passenger transportation, taxis (including online car-hailing), sanitation, urban logistics distribution, postal express, civil aviation airports, and official business of party and government agencies will be reduced by 10% from the 2020 level. To accelerate the transformation and upgrading of the public transportation industry, local governments can continue to provide purchase subsidies for new energy buses. To create a stable policy environment, the current technical indicator system framework and threshold requirements for purchase subsidies will remain unchanged in 2022. In 2022, the subsidy standard for new energy vehicles will be reduced by 30% from the 2021 level; the subsidy standard for urban public transportation, road passenger transportation, taxis (including online car-hailing), sanitation, urban logistics distribution, postal express, civil aviation airports, and vehicles in the official business of party and government agencies that meet the requirements will be reduced by 20% from the 2021 level. The 2022 new energy vehicle purchase subsidy policy will terminate on December 31, 2022, and vehicles registered after December 31, 2022 will no longer be subsidized. | x | ||||
| Financial Subsidy Policy for the Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles (2019) | 2019 | Local governments should improve policies and no longer provide purchase subsidies for new energy vehicles (except new energy buses and fuel cell vehicles) after the transition period. Instead, subsidies should be used to support the construction of "shortcomings" in charging (hydrogen refueling) infrastructure and supporting operation services. If local governments continue to provide purchase subsidies, the central government will make corresponding deductions from relevant fiscal subsidies. In accordance with factors such as the economies of scale of new energy vehicles, declining costs, and the phasing-out of subsidy policies, the subsidy standards for new energy passenger cars, buses, and trucks will be reduced. This aims to promote industry consolidation through competition and prevent drastic market fluctuations. | x | ||||
| Financial Subsidy Policy for the Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles (2018) | 2018 | Improve the subsidy standards for new energy vehicles. According to cost changes and other conditions, adjust and optimize the subsidy standards for new energy passenger vehicles, and reasonably reduce the subsidy standards for new energy buses and new energy special vehicles. The subsidy intensity for fuel cell vehicles remains unchanged. Fuel cell passenger vehicles are subsidized according to the rated power of the fuel cell system, and fuel cell buses and special vehicles are subsidized in a fixed amount. Encourage the promotion and application of products with high technical level, safety and reliability. Local governments should continue to increase infrastructure construction efforts and improve the use environment of new energy vehicles. Starting from 2018, local purchase subsidies for new energy vehicles will be gradually transferred to support the construction and operation of charging infrastructure, the use and operation of new energy vehicles, etc. Adjust the operating mileage requirements by category. There is no operating mileage requirement for private purchases of new energy passenger vehicles, special operation vehicles (including sanitation vehicles), official vehicles of party and government agencies, and vehicles on civil aviation airports. The operating mileage requirement for other types of new energy vehicles applying for financial subsidies is adjusted to 20,000 kilometers. After the vehicle is sold and licensed, a part of the subsidy funds will be allocated according to the application, and all will be allocated after the operating mileage requirements are met. The subsidy standards and technical requirements are implemented according to the year the vehicle obtains the driving license. | x |
Infrastructure improvements - General
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Integrated Development of Transportation and Energy | 2025 | Strengthen the integrated design of transportation and energy infrastructure, and promote the sharing of common channels, pipeline corridors, poles and towers and other resources between transportation and energy infrastructure. Strengthen the construction of grids networks along transportation infrastructure, and continuously improve the reliability and comprehensive carrying capacity of grids networks. | |||||
| Action Plan for Reducing Costs, Improving Quality and Increasing Efficiency of Transportation and Logistics | 2024 | Accelerate the construction of the national comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network. Focusing on networking, network supplementation and chain strengthening, moderately advance the planning and construction of the main framework of the national comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network. | x | x | x | x | |
| Action plan to promote large-scale equipment renewals and consumer product trade-ins | 2024 | Accelerate the transformation of security equipment such as video surveillance in key public areas and roads. | x | ||||
| Guidance on implementing vigorous renewable energy substitution actions | 2024 | Actively explore the development of electrified roads and increase the intensity of railway electrification transformation. | x | x | |||
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Construction of International Aviation Hubs | 2024 | Strengthen the construction of major air corridors, promote the separation of arrival and departure routes at hub airports, accelerate the matching of multi-runway operation modes and airspace plans, continuously improve and optimize control methods, improve runway operation efficiency, and support the expansion and efficiency improvement of international aviation hubs. | x | ||||
| Implementation Plan for Innovative Application of General Aviation Equipment (2024-2030) | 2024 | Local governments are encouraged to incorporate low-altitude infrastructure into urban construction plans and strengthen connections with urban transportation systems. Support is provided to explore and promote the construction of take-off and landing points on rooftops, on the ground, on water and other scenarios, improve navigation positioning, communications, meteorology, charging and other functional services, and form a multi-scenario, multi-subject, multi-level take-off and landing point network. It is encouraged to reserve low-altitude infrastructure for new residential and commercial buildings. Make full use of existing aviation infrastructure and promote the construction of a number of intelligent, integrated and multi-purpose general aviation infrastructure. | x | ||||
| Opinions on strengthening the clean and efficient use of coal | 2024 | Improve the structure of regional coal transportation road networks, strengthen the operation monitoring and emergency response of key regional road networks, and ensure convenient and efficient passage. | x | ||||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | In terms of first-class facilities, the layout, structure and function of comprehensive transportation infrastructure have been continuously optimized, and the level of system integration has been effectively improved. Strengthen regional transportation infrastructure connectivity.Improve the overall efficiency of transportation in the Northeast, strengthen the construction of channel capacity with Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and other regions, and promote the integrated opening of coastal, inland and border areas. Promote the construction of large channels and hubs in the central region, enhance the function of connecting the east and the west, the south and the north, and consolidate and enhance the status of comprehensive transportation hubs. Build a modern comprehensive transportation system in the eastern region, improve the transportation carrying capacity of densely populated and economically developed areas, and strengthen the international transportation service function of opening up to the outside world. Improve the external channel capacity of old revolutionary areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas, and poverty-stricken areas, expand the depth of network access, and improve the layout of the comprehensive transportation network according to local conditions. | |||||
| 14th Five Year Plan for Aviation Logistics | 2022 | Accelerate the construction of general aviation take-off and landing facilities, encourage the construction of general aviation take-off and landing facilities in urban communities and instant delivery network distribution points, and strengthen the construction of simple general aviation take-off and landing facilities in remote areas and rural logistics outlets. | x | x | |||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Optimize the layout of comprehensive transportation channels. Build a comprehensive, three-dimensional, large-capacity, and fast transportation axis, construct a multi-mode, multi-channel, and convenient transportation corridor, and strengthen the coordination and connection between the axis and the corridor. Promote the construction of sections to be connected and the expansion and transformation of bottleneck sections to smooth the channels between coastal and inland areas. Strengthen the construction of strategic trunk channels. Promote the construction of channels from Xinjiang to Tibet, optimize the layout of aviation route networks, and build a multi-directional channel layout. Smooth the channels along the river, accelerate the construction of high-speed railways along the river, and optimize the functions of the comprehensive transportation channels along the river with high-grade waterways, trunk railways, and highways as the backbone. Upgrade coastal channels, improve the capacity of railway channels, promote the expansion and transformation of busy sections of highways, improve the overall efficiency of port channels, and build large-capacity, high-quality transportation corridors. Connect the channels along the border, upgrade and transform ordinary national and provincial trunk lines, promote the construction of railways along the border in key directions, and improve the level of safety assurance. Build a new western land-sea channel, give full play to the backbone role of railways in land transportation and the gateway role of ports in sea transportation, strengthen the three routes of east, central and west, form a high-capacity main channel, and connect international transportation channels. Strengthen the efficient interconnection of oil and gas pipelines. Improve the four major oil and gas import channels in the northeast, northwest, southwest and offshore. Accelerate the construction of national trunk natural gas pipelines, improve the layout of crude oil and refined oil pipelines, and promote the treatment of hidden dangers of old pipelines in the northeast, northwest, southwest and other regions. Promote the interconnection of oil and gas pipelines and the construction of branch pipelines, expand the coverage of municipal and county natural gas pipelines and radiate to towns and villages along the lines that meet the conditions. Take an integrated approach to efficient resource utilization, ecological and environmental protection, and flood control and navigation safety, and orderly develop river-crossing and sea-crossing corridors that allow for the shared use of channel resources by multiple modes of transport. Enhance the external connectivity of underdeveloped areas, old revolutionary base areas, and border regions, expand the depth of network accessibility, address infrastructure shortcomings in ecologically degraded areas, and strengthen the development of transport infrastructure to support the transformation of resource-based regions and the industrial upgrading of old industrial bases. Serve the construction of border town systems, focus on highways and airports, vigorously improve the transportation conditions in border areas, and enhance the population agglomeration capacity of border towns. Build a comprehensive, multi-level, and complex "Belt and Road" infrastructure network, actively promote infrastructure interconnection with neighboring countries, and promote the construction of port railways, port roads, and boundary river waterways. | x | x | x | x | |
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | By 2025, remarkable results have been achieved in ecological protection, the level of coordinated development of transportation infrastructure and ecological environment has been further improved, and the level of resource consumption throughout the life cycle has been effectively reduced. Deepen the construction of green highways. Promote the full implementation of green highway construction requirements for newly started expressways according to local conditions, encourage the construction of ordinary national and provincial highways in accordance with green highway requirements, and guide rural roads with conditions to refer to green highway requirements and jointly promote the construction of "Four Good Rural Roads". Promote the standardized, intelligent and industrialized construction of transportation infrastructure, strengthen the combination of permanent and temporary construction, promote the integration of construction and maintenance, and reduce resource consumption throughout the entire life cycle. Improve the construction and maintenance of drainage facilities for river bridges on ecologically sensitive sections of roads. Strengthen pollution control of sewage, garbage, etc. in service areas, encourage old service areas to carry out energy-saving and environmentally friendly upgrades, and promote energy-saving building design and construction in new highway service areas. Promote the recycling of transportation resources. Promote the comprehensive utilization of waste materials, facilities and equipment, and construction materials of transportation infrastructure, and encourage the large-scale application of waste tires, industrial solid waste, and construction waste in the field of transportation construction. In arid and water-scarce areas such as Northwest and North China, encourage the recycling of sewage and the collection and utilization of rainwater in highway service areas, hub stations, etc. Promote the comprehensive utilization of dredged soil from waterways. Promote research in areas such as ecological optimization of transportation corridors and infrastructure, ecological connectivity and ecological reconstruction of road areas, and green building materials and technologies. | x | ||||
| Implementation Plan for New Urbanization in the 14th Five-Year Plan | 2022 | Improve external transportation corridors and facilities, and enhance the functions of regional transportation hubs or nodes. Promote the upgrading of municipal public facilities, improve municipal transportation, municipal pipeline networks, flood control and drainage, disaster prevention and mitigation facilities, strengthen digital transformation, and implement renovation of old communities. | x | ||||
| National Highway Network Plan | 2022 | Improve the service quality of highway service areas, set up humanized service facilities and charging, swapping, hydrogen refueling and other facilities, and enrich cultural, tourism, leisure and other service functions according to local conditions. Expand and renovate service areas as needed, and add special parking areas for large trucks or hazardous chemicals vehicles. | x | ||||
| Outline of the Medium- and Long-Term Development Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation (2021-2035) | 2022 | Improve the technical level of high-quality construction and maintenance of infrastructure. Focusing on improving the modernization level of infrastructure construction, management and maintenance, we will strive to make breakthroughs in basic theory, key common technologies, and forward-looking technologies to support the construction of a safer, more durable and more intelligent integrated three-dimensional transportation network. Breakthrough in the construction technology of major national strategic channels. Carry out research on major infrastructure construction technologies such as cross-river and cross-sea channels, the new western land-sea channel, and canal connection projects, break through key technologies such as long and large mountain tunnels, super-large span bridges, suspended tunnels, high-dam navigation locks, water-saving locks, high-speed (heavy-load) railways, and air (sea) systems, and improve the reliability design and intelligent construction technology level of transportation infrastructure under complex geological, hydrological, climatic and other natural environmental conditions. | x | x | x | ||
| "14th Five-Year" Civil Aviation Development Plan | 2021 | Accelerate the construction of hub airports. Research and propose a planned layout for air cargo hubs consisting of comprehensive hub airports and specialized cargo hub airports. Improve the layout of non-hub airports. Increase the number of airports in central and western regions and border areas. Strengthen preliminary research and development for new airports and establish a good project reserve. Adhere to the principle of cost-effectiveness and implement a number of non-hub airport renovation and expansion projects. Strengthen the general aviation support capabilities of regional airports to meet the corresponding requirements for takeoff and landing of domestically produced regional aircraft. Promote the improvement of the quality and efficiency of existing facilities. Strengthen the multi-airport, multi-runway, and multi-terminal operation model. Support airports with conditions to optimize their diversion and taxiway systems to improve airfield operational efficiency. Adapt to changes in passenger travel patterns and needs, address efficiency shortcomings and process bottlenecks in the rapid transit system, security system, and baggage system, and promote the spatial reconstruction and process reengineering of existing airport terminals. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Build a modern comprehensive transportation system, promote the integrated development of various modes of transportation, and improve network effects and operational efficiency. Improve comprehensive transportation channels, strengthen the construction of strategic trunk channels from Xinjiang to Tibet, central and western regions, along the river, coast and border, orderly promote the upgrading and expansion of channels with tight capacity, and strengthen interconnection with neighboring countries. Focusing on the construction of the Yangtze River artery, we will design an integrated transportation system as a whole, alleviate the bottleneck constraints of the Three Gorges hub, and accelerate the construction of high-speed railways and freight railways along the river. Improve the quality of tourist destinations. Improve facilities such as tourist services, parking and charging, transportation, and flow monitoring and management. BRI: Promote the integrated connectivity of land, sea, air and network. With "six corridors, six routes, multiple countries and multiple ports" as the basic framework, build an interconnected network led by economic corridors such as the New Eurasian Continental Bridge, with major channels and information highways such as the China-Europe Express and the New Land-Sea Corridor as the skeleton, and relying on railways, ports, pipelines, etc., to create a new channel for international land and sea trade. | x | x | x | ||
| China's Mid-Century Long-Term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development Strategy | 2021 | Accelerate the development, promotion and application of key energy-saving and low-carbon technologies and products in the transportation sector. | |||||
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | Achieve international and domestic interconnection, three-dimensional access to major cities across the country, and effective coverage of county-level nodes. The proportion of the population enjoying rapid transport services will increase significantly. The barrier-free rate of transportation infrastructure will increase significantly, and the convenience of the entire chain of passenger travel will be significantly improved. The greening of the entire process and cycle of transportation infrastructure construction has been basically achieved. The durability and effectiveness of transportation infrastructure have been significantly enhanced, and the ability to prevent and control safety hazards of facilities has been greatly improved. Promote the integrated development of transportation infrastructure network and energy network. Promote the coordinated layout planning and construction of transportation infrastructure and energy facilities, fully consider the characteristics of various energy transmission such as coal, oil, gas, electricity, etc., strengthen the co-construction and sharing of transportation and energy infrastructure, improve the utilization efficiency of facilities, and reduce energy resource consumption. Promote the integration of transportation infrastructure network and smart grid to adapt to the requirements of new energy development. Strengthen the road network connectivity of important ports, stations and airports within urban clusters, promote coordinated resource utilization, information sharing, division of accountability and cooperation, mutual benefit and win-win results among port clusters and airport clusters within urban agglomerations, and improve the overall efficiency and international competitiveness of urban clusters transportation hub systems. Promote the integrated development of transportation and tourism. Give full play to the fundamental role of transportation in promoting the development of all-region tourism, accelerate the planning and construction of national tourist scenic roads and tourist transportation systems, and create natural scenic lines with extensive influence. Strengthen the connection between transportation trunk lines and important tourist attractions, and improve the functions of tourism service facilities such as highways, service areas, passenger hubs, cruise ships and yacht terminals. Promote the use of new materials, new technologies and new processes to improve the quality and service life of transportation infrastructure. Accelerate the intelligentization of existing facilities. Use new technologies to empower the development of transportation infrastructure, strengthen the quality upgrade of existing transportation infrastructure, and improve the utilization efficiency and service level of facilities. Capacity utilization rate of the main skeleton of the national comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network: 60%-85%. Proportion of green construction of transportation infrastructure: 95%. By 2035, the total physical line network of the national comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network will be about 700,000 kilometers (excluding overseas sections of international land routes, air and sea routes, and postal routes). Among them, there are about 200,000 kilometers of railways, about 460,000 kilometers of highways, and about 25,000 kilometers of high-grade waterways. There are 27 major coastal ports, 36 major inland ports, about 400 civil transport airports, and about 80 postal express hubs. | x | x | x | x | |
| Promote the development of multimodal transport, optimize and adjust the transport structure Work Program (2021-2025) | 2021 | Strengthen planning and overall leadership, improve the integrated layout and construction level of transportation infrastructure, accelerate the construction of a comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network with the "6 axes, 7 corridors and 8 channels" as the main skeleton, enhance the functions of comprehensive transportation channels such as Beijing-Shanghai, Land Bridge, Shanghai-Kunming, and Guangzhou-Kunming make up for the shortcomings in infrastructure of backbone channels from Xinjiang to Tibet and the central and western regions, along the rivers, coasts and borders, tap the transportation capacity of existing trunk railways Promote the green and low-carbon transformation of transportation in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and surrounding areas, and the main coal-producing areas of Shanxi , Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia. | |||||
| Voluntary National Review 2021 - CHN | 2021 | Hardened roads have been built and bus services made available to connect all administrative villages where possible. Given the role of transportation as a prerequisite for economic development, China has made it a priority and made sure that its development is appropriately faster than the economy so that any additional demand in the future can be met readily. China is building a modern comprehensive system that provides safe, convenient, efficient, green and economical transportation, in the context of supply-side structural reform, the rule-of-law and encouraging new business forms. China is also working to increase connectivity with other countries and facilitate international transportation mainly through the BRI. Build advanced transportation. Our goal is to build a modernized comprehensive transportation system that integrates various means of transportation into efficient networks. City clusters will be conveniently linked by intercity railway, commuter rail, expressway loops, and urban rail transit. Postal facilities will be strengthened to extend courier services to villages, factories and overseas. An interconnected network will emerge, encompassing at the very top economic corridors such as the New Eurasian Land Bridge, then trunk routes such as the China-Europe freight railway and the new western land-sea corridor and the information superhighway and at the bottom railways, ports and pipe networks. The focus will be on key corridors and key cities, major cooperation projects and the Green Silk Road and the Digital Silk Road, to promote connectivity and sustainable economic and social development in the relevant countries and regions. | x | x | x | ||
| Outline for the Development of Inland Waterway Transport | 2020 | Strengthen forward-looking basic research on the construction and maintenance of important infrastructure. Promote key technologies such as the construction, maintenance, and ecological restoration of waterway regulation and navigation buildings, as well as the research and development of inland waterway safety control and emergency search and rescue technologies based on ship-shore collaboration. Promote the construction of safe and quality projects for a century. Develop infrastructure intelligent design and construction technologies that integrate high-energy and low-consumption materials, building information models (BIM), and prefabricated technologies. Develop monitoring and early warning technologies for maintaining and improving the service performance of infrastructure. Breakthrough in the maintenance technology of multi-line infrastructure in the inland port and shipping network that coordinates space, function, and life. | x | ||||
| Sustainable Development of Transport in China | 2020 | China will make marked progress in developing intelligent, safe, green and shared transport, easing urban traffic congestion, and creating a barrier-free travel system. | |||||
| Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Nation | 2019 | By 2035, a strong transportation country will be basically built. A modern comprehensive transportation system will be basically formed, people's satisfaction will be significantly improved, and the ability to support national modernization will be significantly enhanced; with a developed rapid network, a complete trunk network, and a wide range of basic networks, the coordinated development of urban and rural regional transportation will reach a new height. Build a modern, high-quality, integrated, three-dimensional transportation network. Based on the national development plan, give play to the guiding and restraining role of the national land space planning, coordinate the planning and construction of infrastructure such as railways, highways, water transport, civil aviation, pipelines, and postal services, and improve the multi-level network layout with multi-center and networked forms as the main form, optimize the allocation of existing resources, expand the supply of high-quality increments, achieve three-dimensional interconnection, and enhance system flexibility. Strengthen the western region to make up for shortcomings, promote the quality improvement and transformation of the northeast region, promote the construction of large channels and hubs in the central region, accelerate the optimization and upgrading of the eastern region, and form a new pattern of coordinated development of regional transportation. Form a rural transportation infrastructure network with wide coverage. Comprehensively promote the construction of "four good rural roads", accelerate the implementation of hardened road construction connecting villages and groups, and establish a standardized and sustainable management and maintenance mechanism. Transportation construction projects in deeply impoverished areas should be tilted towards villages and households as much as possible. Strengthen the renewal and utilization of old facilities, and promote the recycling and comprehensive utilization of construction materials and waste materials. Reduce noise and vibration along the traffic route, and properly handle the noise impact of large airports. Build an interconnected, global transportation network. With the six international economic cooperation corridors of the Silk Road Economic Belt as the main body, promote the interconnection of railways, highways, waterways, oil and gas pipelines and other infrastructure with neighboring countries. | x | x | x | x | x |
Inland waterways (IWT) improvement - General
| Opinions on promoting high-quality development of inland waterway transportation | 2025 | The proportion of inland waterway freight volume and cargo turnover in the comprehensive transportation system has been further increased. Improve the service level for smooth waterway network. Implement the inland waterway system interconnection project, accelerate the construction of trunk and branch waterway networks, clear bottlenecks, and vigorously promote the upgrading of the inland waterway networks in the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta. Strengthen waterway maintenance and maintenance of navigation buildings and dams at shipping hubs, and optimize the operation and scheduling of navigation buildings. Promote the improvement of the coverage level of mobile communication networks for inland high-grade waterways, and accelerate the formation of a "one map" of national high-grade waterway electronic waterway maps. Improve waterway service functions, strengthen anchorage construction and management, improve the anchorage support capabilities of dangerous goods ships along the Yangtze River, and create a number of water service areas with complete functions and efficient services. Improve the level of ship standardization and specialization. Combined with the port and waterway infrastructure conditions, orderly promote the development of large-scale inland river ships. Optimize inland river navigation standards and lock design specifications, formulate and publish green and intelligent inland river ship catalogs, and guide the application of standardized and serialized ship types that meet the needs of different application scenarios. Build green and beautiful waterways. Actively promote the construction and maintenance of green waterways, strictly implement ecological protection and restoration measures, develop and apply new structures, new materials, new processes, and new equipment, and carry out waterway regulation, maintenance and dredging of sand, and comprehensive utilization of earth and stone in accordance with the law and in an orderly manner. Encourage regions with conditions to build beautiful waterways according to local conditions, and organize and carry out "beautiful waterways" construction actions with beautiful facilities, beautiful environment, beautiful services, and beautiful humanities as the connotation. Serve regional economic development. Give full play to the role of the Yangtze River, Xijiang River and Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, promote the upgrading of traditional industries and the development of emerging industries along the river, and serve the implementation of major national regional strategies such as the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and the integration of the Yangtze River Delta. Actively build water transport channels connecting rivers and seas in the central and western regions to serve and support the rise of the central region and the development of the western region. Promote the construction of new canals such as Jianghuai and Pinglu to support the development of river basin economy by relying on inland waterway shipping. Strengthen the comprehensive development, utilization, maintenance and management of international river waterways at the border, and support the development and opening up of border areas. Promote the construction of tourist waterways, improve the functions and service standards of water tourism facilities, and continuously improve the quality of inland river tourism passenger services. Strengthen the protection of shipping historical culture and landscape resources such as the ancient canal, and fully tap the cultural tourism value of inland river shipping. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Reducing Costs, Improving Quality and Increasing Efficiency of Transportation and Logistics | 2024 | Research and promote the interconnection project of the inland waterway system, accelerate the construction of the "four vertical, four horizontal and two networks" national high-grade waterways, tap the navigation potential of the Yangtze River, Pearl River and other trunk waterways, accelerate the construction of the Pinglu Canal, and accelerate the preliminary work of the second phase of the Jingjiang River section in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the second phase of the Yangtze River Estuary South Channel Channel Management Project. | x | ||||
| Opinions on strengthening the clean and efficient use of coal | 2024 | Increase the proportion of green collection and distribution in coastal and river ports, and promote the normal use of shore power by ships at ports in accordance with the law. | x | ||||
| Opinions on Strengthening the Planning and Construction of Coastal and Inland Ports and Waterways in the New Era | 2024 | Optimize the main trunk channels, orderly promote the expansion and upgrading of trunk waterways such as the Yangtze River trunk line, Xijiang shipping trunk line, Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, and Huaihe River trunk line, and build a main waterway channel that traverses the east and west and radiates from north to south. In accordance with the principle of "standard connection and process coordination", we will implement the plan to promote the construction of bottleneck sections of national high-grade waterways between provinces, promote the establishment of a mechanism for guidance from ministries and commissions and joint construction between provinces to address prominent issues, and effectively clear bottlenecks and checkpoints. In line with transportation development needs, vigorously and orderly promote the construction of substandard sections of tributary waterways to improve the accessibility of main and branch rivers. Coordinate to ensure water use for shipping, promote the construction of inland waterways, promote the integrated development of shipping and water conservancy, and achieve comprehensive utilization of water resources. Strengthen the intelligent development of national high-grade waterways such as the Yangtze River and the Xijiang River. Build green ports and waterways, encourage the construction and use of photovoltaic, wind, and shore-based power facilities, promote the use of new and clean energy, strengthen ecological and environmental protection and pollution control, conserve and intensively utilize land and other resources, and promote the comprehensive utilization of dredged soil. | x | ||||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Accelerate the construction of Beibu Gulf International Gateway Port, Pinglu Canal, etc. Further strengthen the comprehensive utilization of dredged soil from waterways in the Yangtze River mainline and other areas. Promote the construction of Heilongjiang and Yalu River waterways, promote the regulation of Tumen River waterways, actively promote the construction of Ruili River and Red River waterways, and accelerate the construction of Gwadar Port and Hambantota Port. | x | ||||
| National Water Network Construction Planning Outline | 2023 | Promote the integrated development of water networks and shipping, strengthen the overall planning of water networks and water transport channels, combine the comprehensive planning of river basins, scientifically demonstrate and orderly promote the development of inland waterway shipping. Consolidate the main shipping channels such as the Yangtze River Golden Waterway, the Pearl River, and the section of the Grand Canal south of the Yellow River, strengthen the planning and construction of projects such as the Jianghan Canal and the Jianghuai Canal, and promote the construction of the Pinglu Canal. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Improve the quality standards and specifications of waterway passenger transport services and improve land-island transportation conditions. Improve rural water passenger transport infrastructure and ship supply capacity, and improve the level of rural water passenger transport services. Accelerate the standardization of inland river vessels, improve the utilization rate of navigation facilities such as waterways and locks, and enhance the competitiveness of inland waterway shipping. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | The level of specialization and modernization of ports and terminals has been significantly improved, and the construction of a high-grade inland waterway network has made important progress. The efficiency of transfers and changes at comprehensive transportation hubs has been further improved. Strengthen the expansion and upgrading of inland high-grade waterways and the construction of smooth access, improve the inland high-grade waterway network of the Yangtze River, Pearl River, Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, and Huaihe River, further enhance the sea-going capacity of the Pearl River Delta high-grade waterway network, and comprehensively strengthen the construction of the unqualified sections of the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River-Xijiang high-grade waterway network. Promote the construction of important tributary waterways and lake waterways reservoir, inland tourist waterways, and convenient docks. | x | ||||
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | Carry out the construction of tourist waterways and create a number of tourist waterways and water tourism passenger routes with distinctive functions. Promote the upgrading and transformation of old inland river docks, actively promote the optimization and integration of scattered docks and orderly withdrawal, and encourage the ecological restoration of land and water areas. Deepen the construction of green ports and green waterways. Promote the upgrading and transformation of old inland river docks, actively promote the optimization and integration of scattered docks and orderly withdrawal, and encourage the ecological restoration of land and water areas. Increase the introduction and research and development of new technologies, new materials, new processes and new structures for green waterway construction, actively promote the combination of waterway management and habitat restoration and creation, accelerate the promotion of green construction and maintenance technologies for waterway projects, give priority to the use of waterway regulation technologies and construction processes with less ecological impact, promote the application of eco-friendly new materials and new structures in waterway projects, strengthen aquatic ecological protection, and promptly carry out waterway ecological restoration and ecological compensation. | x | ||||
| Outline of the Medium- and Long-Term Development Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation (2021-2035) | 2022 | Carry out research on high-dam navigation locks, water-saving locks. Improve the safety guarantee capability of inland waterway shipping, overcome the three-dimensional perception of navigation conditions of complex high-level waterways and navigation buildings, dynamic risk warning and control, navigation safety emergency rescue and other technologies, and break through key technologies such as ship oil spill warning and hazardous chemical transportation safety emergency. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Water Transport | 2021 | By 2025, inland waterway transportation has achieved the expected goal of 25,000 kilometers of national high-grade waterway network, and has fully played the role of a channel in the main skeleton of the "6 axes, 7 corridors and 8 channels" comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network. With high-grade waterways as the core, we will make up for shortcomings and give full play to advantages, accelerate the capacity expansion and upgrading of major channels such as the Yangtze River trunk line, the Xijiang shipping trunk line, and the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal, promote the attack on unqualified sections of high-grade waterways, and steadily advance the preliminary demonstration and construction of the canal connection project. Focus on supporting the construction of national high-grade waterways (including navigation facilities), while taking into account the construction of other waterways (including navigation facilities), navigation and power hubs, public anchorages, and convenient transportation terminals in reservoirs and lakes in the central and western regions. Accelerate the capacity expansion and upgrading of major water transport channels. Focus on the smooth extension of high-grade waterways in water networks and tributaries. Steadily promote the canal connection project. Coordinate the construction of international navigable river waterways at the border. Actively carry out pilot demonstrations of tourist waterways. Improve the inland waterway collection and distribution system. Focus on strengthening the construction of inland river collection and distribution waterways in the Yangtze River Delta, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and other regions, and effectively connect coastal ports with inland waterways. Open up key bottleneck nodes of inland high-grade waterways and build a container sea-river (river) intermodal system. Develop sea-river (river) transport and trunk-branch transport. Promote river-sea direct ship types, promote the development of river-sea direct transportation, and improve the river-sea transport transit system with the Yangtze River and Pearl River as the focus. Actively develop sea-river transport of containers in the Yangtze River Delta. Encourage port and shipping companies to organize and develop trunk-branch transport and water-water transit transportation in coastal areas around container trunk ports and major loading and unloading ports such as iron ore. Improve supporting logistics facilities, enhance the competitiveness of inland waterway container transport, and promote the conversion of bulk transport to container transport. Optimize and adjust the transport structure, innovate transport organization models, and accelerate the development of specialized transport options such as roll-on/roll-off transport of commercial vehicles and liquid bulk cargo. Promote the ecological protection and restoration of waterway facilities. Promote the application of new energy-saving and water-saving technologies and processes, and comprehensively utilize dredged soil, construction materials, and waste materials. Promote the implementation of ecological restoration measures such as ecological revetments, ecological beach protection, and artificial fish nests on inland waterways. Strengthen the development of standards in areas such as construction and maintenance, smart ports, intelligent waterways, energy conservation and environmental protection, and safety and emergency response, and formulate technical regulations for new energy or clean energy vessels such as lithium batteries. Improve the standard system for green development of ports and waterways. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Promote the expansion and upgrading of high-grade inland waterways. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030 ('1+N') | 2021 | We will continue to construct special railway lines for industrial and mining enterprises, ports, and logistic parks, and accelerate development of high-level inland waterway networks so as to facilitate a shift in bulk cargo transportation and mid-long distance freight transportation from highways to railways and waterways. | x | ||||
| Digital Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2021 | Smart waterways. Improve waterway measurement facilities and monitoring sensing networks, promote the popularization and application of electronic waterway charts, strengthen real-time monitoring of the operating conditions of key waterways above level 3 and key navigation buildings above level 4. Advance the development of an integrated intelligent scheduling system for cascade hub ship locks to enhance waterway safety, operational reliability, and the efficiency of navigation hubs. | x | ||||
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | Strengthen online monitoring of the operating status of high-grade inland waterways, and promote the development of ship-shore collaboration, automated terminals and yards. | x | ||||
| Promote the development of multimodal transport, optimize and adjust the transport structure Work Program (2021-2025) | 2021 | accelerate the construction of the Western Land-Sea New Corridor, the Yangtze River Golden Waterway, and the Xijiang Water Transport Channel Support port cities to develop water-land multimodal transport of daily necessities in conjunction with the transformation of old urban docks. Accelerate the development of rail-water transport and river-sea transport in the Yangtze River Delta and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. Encourage enterprises to make full use of project resources, accelerate the development of rail-water transport and river-sea direct transport, and form a number of river-sea-river transport boutique routes. | x | x | x | ||
| 14th Five Year Plan for the Construction of Modern Logistics System | 2020 | For river corridors, improve the navigability standards of trunk waterways in the middle and upper reaches. | x | ||||
| Outline for the Development of Inland Waterway Transport | 2020 | Build an inland waterway system that connects the river and the sea. With thousand-ton waterways as the backbone, we will accelerate the construction of national high-grade waterways that traverse the east and west, connect the north and south, and reach the seaport. We will build a national high-grade waterway network in the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta that adapts to the integration of the Yangtze River Delta and the development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, connect with major coastal ports, improve internal communications, and build river-sea transport channels in water network areas. Coordinated development of international navigable rivers and waterways. Comply with relevant international agreements, actively promote the comprehensive development, utilization, maintenance and management of important international navigable rivers and waterways such as the Heilongjiang River, Lancang River, and Yalu River, and orderly promote the construction, maintenance and management of other international navigable rivers and waterways such as the Tumen River, Ergun River, Wusuli River, Red River, Nujiang River, and Beilun River. Actively expand other waterways. Actively promote the construction of tributary waterways in the eastern region and expand the scope of water transport services. Improve the capacity of tributary waterways and reservoir and lake waterways in the central and western regions to improve regional transportation and people's travel conditions. Adhere to the comprehensive utilization of the Yellow River's water resources and ecological protection, and promote the construction of waterways in various sections of the Yellow River according to local conditions. In light of local conditions, actively promote the development of tourist waterways and the resumption of navigation at locks and dams that block navigation . By 2035, a modern inland waterway transport system that satisfies the people, has strong guarantees and is at the forefront of the world will be basically established. Major breakthroughs have been made in inland waterway transport infrastructure, transport services, green development, and safety supervision. The comparative advantages in comprehensive transportation have been fully utilized, and the guarantee capacity for serving national strategies has been significantly enhanced. By 2050, a modern inland waterway transportation system that satisfies the people, has strong guarantees and is at the forefront of the world will be fully established. The east-west cross-regional waterway transportation channels will be efficient and unobstructed, and the north-south cross-water system will be connected. With first-class port and shipping infrastructure, first-class shipping technology and equipment, high-quality shipping services, and intelligent safety supervision, the governance system and governance capacity will be fully modernized to serve the socialist modern power. The proportion of new energy and clean energy ships has increased significantly, and pollutants such as ship sewage and garbage have been collected and discharged in compliance with standards; new generation information technologies such as the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence are widely used in inland shipping. With thousand-ton waterways as the backbone, we will accelerate the construction of national high-level waterways that cross the east and west, connect the north and south, and reach the seaports. Strengthen the east-west cross-regional water transport channel, form the horizontal corridors of the Yangtze River, Xijiang River, Huaihe River and Heilongjiang River, study and solve the bottleneck of navigation in the Three Gorges hub, promote the preliminary work of the new water transport channel in the Three Gorges hub, and expand and extend the main tributary waterways. Open up the north-south cross-basin water transport channel, build a new Grand Canal, coordinate and promote the restoration of navigation in the section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal north of the Yellow River between the Yangtze River, Pearl River, Huaihe River and other major water systems, as well as canal communication projects such as the Pinglu Canal, and form the vertical corridors of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal, the Jianghuai Main Line, the Zhejiang-Jiangxi-Guangdong Channel, and the Han-Hunan-Guangxi Channel. Build a national high-grade waterway network in the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta that adapts to the integration of the Yangtze River Delta and the development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, connect with major coastal ports, improve internal communications, and build river-sea transport channels in water network areas. Develop high-quality inland water passenger transport. Promote the integrated development of inland water passenger transport with tourism, culture, and cities, promote the tourism, comfort, and passenger-roll-ro passenger development of water passenger transport, and improve the quality of passenger transport. Improve the quality and level of rural inland water passenger transport service facilities according to local conditions, and promote the equalization of public transportation services. Create high-quality inland waterway routes with high standards and enrich and improve the diversified water tourism passenger transport products. Strengthen ecological protection and restoration of inland waterway transportation. Strictly adhere to the red line of ecological protection, integrate the concept of resource conservation and environmental protection into the entire process of inland waterway planning, design, construction, maintenance and operation, and promote the construction of green waterways and green ports. Upgrade and improve the waterway transportation emergency command system at all levels, and strengthen the effective monitoring of the "four types" of key ships and key waters and key waterways. | x | ||||
| Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Nation | 2019 | Strengthen the inland waterway shipping safety control and emergency search and rescue technologies based on ship-shore coordination. | x |
Innovations and digitalization - General
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Integrated Development of Transportation and Energy | 2025 | Strengthen the coordinated interaction between transportation infrastructure networks and energy networks. Promote the establishment of an information exchange and sharing mechanism between the transportation infrastructure network and the energy network, and strengthen the analysis and prediction of big data on transportation energy supply and demand. Accelerate the promotion of the deep participation of the transportation energy system in the operation and regulation of the power system. Vigorously promote intelligent charging facilities and vehicle-grid interaction technologies, incorporate vehicle-grid interaction into the power demand side management, and coordinate with the construction of the power market. Promote scientific and technological innovation. Establish a research and development platform for transportation and energy integration technology and equipment, and promote cross-industry, cross-departmental and cross-regional collaborative innovation. Strengthen technological innovation in the field of transportation and energy integration, support the development of key core technologies such as vehicle-grid interaction, smart microgrids, advanced smart energy storage systems, clean energy carriers, and sustainable fuels for transportation, and promote the breakthrough and application of major original scientific achievements. | |||||
| Opinions on Further Improving Environmental Supervision of Motor Vehicles | 2025 | Make full use of technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence, and blockchain to improve the supervision of motor vehicle emission inspection agencies and truck emissions supervision systems, establish an AI analysis model, accurately identify illegal issues such as fraud by agencies, fraud by trucks, and excessive emissions, and trace the relevant manufacturers and institutions of vehicles that exceed the standards. | x | ||||
| Opinions on promoting high-quality development of inland waterway transportation | 2025 | Promote the improvement of the coverage level of mobile communication networks for inland high-grade waterways, and accelerate the formation of a "one map" of national high-grade waterway electronic waterway maps. Develop inland waterway online freight platforms. Orderly develop inland waterway online freight platforms that integrate ship-cargo matching transactions, intermodal services and other functions to promote the intensive and large-scale development of transportation. Support regions with conditions to explore first, and encourage relevant port and shipping companies to carry out online platform waterway cargo transportation business. Study and establish a management system that adapts to the development of new formats to promote the standardized and healthy development of the platform economy. Improve the functions of river basin and regional shipping public service platforms such as "Yangtze River e+", and strengthen the support of public data resources such as ports, waterways, ships, and maritime affairs. Promote the connection of rules and standards between inland waterway shipping and international shipping, highways, railways and other modes, promote the "paperless" operation documents and online business processing, strengthen information exchange and data sharing, and promote the "single document to the end" of intermodal transport. Promote the application of intelligent sensing equipment, digital twins and other technologies in high-level waterways and major inland ports with conditions. Relying on full-process digital credentials and blockchain and other technologies, vigorously promote the digital development of shipping trade and expand and enrich application scenarios. | x | ||||
| 2024 Work Plan for Five People's Livelihood Matters, including Expansion, Improvement and Efficiency of Accessible Transportation Services for the Elderly | 2024 | Guide bus stations to improve ticket sales and inspection facilities and equipment, expand ticket purchase channels such as mobile clients and applet, strengthen publicity and guidance, and enhance the public's paperless travel experience. Make every effort to promote the application of electronic tickets. Provincial-level transportation authorities must strictly follow the requirements of the "Technical Specifications for Road Passenger Electronic Ticketing Systems" (JT/T 1306-2020), standardize the format of electronic tickets, upload ticket sales, refunds, changes, ticket inspections and other status information in real time, ensure the complete and real-time transmission of electronic ticket data, and improve the quality of electronic ticket services. Organize and carry out the "Safety Watch" action for truck drivers, and flexibly adopt measures such as purchasing insurance, "advance payment", and strengthening video surveillance in service areas to improve the parking and rest environment for truck drivers in highway service areas; by sharing vehicle dynamic operation data with truck drivers' families, truck drivers' families can understand the driving status of their vehicles in real time, strengthen family supervision of drivers' safe driving, promptly remind and correct unsafe driving behaviors, improve the safety level of truck driving, protect drivers' lives, and promote safe, healthy, stable and high-quality development of the road freight industry. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Improving Transportation Standards (2024-2027) | 2024 | Strengthen the information exchange of multimodal transport of goods. Increase the supply of standards for information exchange and information monitoring related to international logistics supply chain security, promote information connectivity and full-process monitoring and traceability of transportation, and improve the efficiency of multimodal transport services. Develop a series of standards for the national comprehensive transportation information platform to improve the efficiency of management services. Conduct research on business process standards for electronic documents for dangerous goods transportation and cold chain transportation and multimodal transport documents, standardize the flow information and flow interfaces of electronic documents, solve the problems of transferring and exchanging orders, and promote the realization of the “single-document system” and "one box system" for multimodal transport. Develop information exchange and service standards such as postal integration and express integration to better support the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy. Promote the digital transformation of infrastructure. Promote the construction of a standard system for the application of artificial intelligence in the transportation industry. Strengthen the development of standards for intelligent construction, testing, monitoring and early warning in the construction and operation of transportation infrastructure such as roads, major bridges, tunnels, ports and navigation facilities, formulate standards for high-precision maps and smart waterways, promote the establishment of infrastructure standards and specifications that adapt to the development of smart transportation, and promote the coordination and connection of transportation network infrastructure standards. Strengthen the deep integration of digital technology and business, and support the digital empowerment of ports. Accelerate the formulation of standards such as the blockchain-based electronic platform for port entry and exit business, shipping blockchain architecture and data specifications. Increase the scale of Beidou navigation satellite Internet applications. Develop Beidou-based vehicle and ship equipment standards, promote the formulation of Beidou positioning modules, search and rescue information exchange, enhanced services, and short message information services, and accelerate the promotion of Beidou in the fields of transportation infrastructure survey, design, construction, management, operation, and transportation services. Improve the logistics supply chain network system. Formulate standards for electronic manifests for bulk cargo imports at ports, electronic bills of lading, electronic plan lists for collection and distribution ports, and electronic weighing lists for vehicles. Develop standards for container tracking and monitoring equipment to improve the effectiveness of supply chain management organizations. Formulate standards for transportation and logistics data resources, dry bulk cargo river-sea combined transport port data exchange, and promote the interconnection and sharing of key logistics information. Promote the upgrading and transformation of transportation standardization information systems, and improve the level of digital management of standards. | x | x | x | ||
| Action Plan for Innovation in Transportation Standards Management | 2024 | Improve standard information services. Upgrade the information query service function of the transportation standardization information system (hereinafter referred to as the standardization system), gather data and information on engineering construction, technology, products and service standards at all levels and in all fields of transportation, realize one-stop query of transportation standards by the public, improve the accuracy of standard duplication checking, and avoid duplication and overlap of standards. Optimize the standardization system's standard formulation and revision plan progress reminder function to improve the management efficiency of planned projects. Strengthen the digital construction of standards. Actively develop machine-readable standards and promote the transformation of standardization work towards digitalization, networking and intelligence. Explore the application of artificial intelligence in standard development, introduce advanced tools and technologies such as standard text editing, content indexing, format verification, and automatic review to improve the accuracy and consistency of standards. Use online collaboration and review tools to improve the communication and collaboration efficiency of standard preparation and review. | |||||
| Action Plan for Large-Scale Equipment Renewal in Transportation | 2024 | Encourage postal and express delivery companies to strengthen the construction of security inspection informatization, strengthen the application of modern information technologies such as the Internet, big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and blockchain in the field of security inspection, and promote security inspection work to move towards informatization and intelligent management. Encourage postal and express delivery companies to eliminate old sorting equipment in major mail and express delivery processing sites and configure and use fully automatic intelligent sorting equipment. Strengthen the research and development and application of green, low-carbon and intelligent innovative technologies, promote the iteration of intelligent sorting equipment, improve sorting efficiency, and promote the intelligent and low-carbon upgrade of equipment. | |||||
| Action Plan for Reducing Costs, Improving Quality and Increasing Efficiency of Transportation and Logistics | 2024 | Promote the innovative development of the “single-document system” for multimodal transport. Study and formulate multimodal transport management system and “single-document system” technical standards, and promote the connection of rules such as transshipment and handover, cargo delivery, information interconnection, and insurance claims between various modes. Study and establish a multimodal transport bill management system, support the electronic application of documents, and promote the property rights of multimodal transport documents in the fields of international land-sea transport and cross-border railway transport. Promote the full coverage of electronic invoices in the logistics field. | |||||
| Action Plan to Effectively Reduce Logistics Costs in the Whole Society | 2024 | Deepen supply chain innovation and application, accelerate the development of digital supply chains, and improve the level of coordination of trade supply chains. Accelerate the promotion of digital air cargo waybills. Promote the digitalization of logistics. Improve the digitalization level of logistics hardware and logistics activities in the whole society, encourage major logistics technology research, promote the widespread application of technologies such as big data, fifth-generation mobile communications (5G) and Beidou satellite navigation system, promote the research and development and application of important logistics equipment, and the systematic integration and innovation of smart logistics, and develop "artificial intelligence + modern logistics". Promote the digital transformation of traditional logistics infrastructure, and accelerate the development of new facilities such as smart highways, smart ports, smart logistics hubs, and smart logistics parks. Encourage the development of new logistics models combined with platform economy, low-altitude economy, and unmanned driving, improve and optimize management standards and specifications, and support enterprises' commercial innovation and application. Promote the innovative development of logistics platform economy, and encourage logistics technology innovation platforms and leading enterprises to empower small and medium-sized logistics enterprises with digitalization. Promote technical equipment such as driving-less vehicles, driving-less ships, drones, unmanned warehouses, and unmanned loading and unloading, strengthen the application of technologies such as intelligent integration of warehouse distribution and transportation, digital twins, and innovate large-scale application scenarios. Improve logistics standards in key areas such as digitalization, intelligence, and greening, as well as professional logistics standards. | x | x | x | x | |
| Action plan to promote large-scale equipment renewals and consumer product trade-ins | 2024 | Promote the construction of IoT intelligent sensing equipment for urban lifeline projects such as underground pipelines, bridges and tunnels, and manhole covers. | x | ||||
| Guidance on implementing vigorous renewable energy substitution actions | 2024 | Promote the integration and innovation of business formats. Promote the cross-industry integration of industry, transportation, construction, agriculture, forestry, etc. with renewable energy, promote the deep-level three-dimensional development of photovoltaic sand control, photovoltaic corridors and marine ranches, and form an innovative alternative development situation with deep integration and continuous substitution. Support the development and growth of new business entities such as digital energy, virtual power plants, and rural energy cooperatives, and cultivate new business formats that are suitable for clean, efficient and safe energy substitution. Encourage business model innovation that can promote multi-variety, multi-field and multi-form substitution of renewable energy, vigorously develop comprehensive energy services that can support efficient coordination of supply and demand, and accelerate the implementation of new business models such as vehicle-grid interaction and electric carbon asset management. | x | ||||
| Guidelines for the Construction of National Data Infrastructure | 2024 | In terms of data empowerment, we will promote the application of data in multiple scenarios and reuse across entities, empowering industries such as industrial manufacturing, modern agriculture, cross-border digital currency, digital finance, smart medical care, smart transportation, cross-border logistics, shipping and trade, and green and low-carbon. Strengthen scenario traction, build a data application system for key industries such as industrial manufacturing, modern agriculture, digital finance, smart medical care, smart transportation, cross-border logistics, shipping trade, health, green and low-carbon, meteorological services, and digital culture, give full play to the main role of enterprises, and promote innovation in industry data applications. Cultivate new products and services based on data elements, promote multi-scenario application of data, and reuse across entities to achieve knowledge diffusion and value multiplication. | |||||
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Construction of International Aviation Hubs | 2024 | We will vigorously promote the scenario application of smart civil aviation construction at hub airports, promote data sharing and coordinated linkage among various civil aviation operating entities, and continuously improve the level of coordinated operation between hub airports, air traffic control, airlines, etc. | x | ||||
| Guiding Opinions on the Construction of Smart Ports | 2024 | Collaborative Port Operations. Efficiently connect customs clearance and logistics operations at ports, strengthen two-way information exchange, and improve logistics efficiency. Strengthen information connectivity between ports, shipping facilities, and inspection agencies. Vigorously promote paperless operations for direct loading and unloading, release and loading, and equipment handover, and expand the "inspection before shipment" model for export LCL cargo. Promote the development of a public information platform for aviation logistics, conduct cross-border logistics information exchange at highway ports, promote the reuse of railway waybills and customs declaration data, and foster standard integration, information sharing, and business collaboration. Smart Port Clearance. Promote the deep integration of smart ports with smart customs, smart border inspection, and smart maritime development. Widely utilize intelligent methods in port clearance to achieve minimal intervention, expedited clearance, and precise supervision. Leverage intelligent sensing and recognition, analysis and early warning, and quarantine inspection technologies to achieve adaptive supervision and explore the advancement of contactless customs clearance. Promote one-stop customs clearance and release for inbound and outbound transportation vehicles and drivers and passengers, and explore the implementation of new border inspection and clearance models for passengers. Strengthen the application of "e-navigation" technology, pilot the construction of a new generation of ship traffic management system, and promote the integrated development of maritime supervision and navigation security. Promote the digitization of cross-border trade. Integrate digital trade, digital logistics, and digital finance resources to improve cross-border digital trade infrastructure. Support the development of new foreign trade formats such as cross-border e-commerce and overseas warehousing. Explore smart matchmaking, smart contracts, and cross-border payments using the digital RMB to facilitate online cross-border transactions. Accelerate the digitization of shipping trade and facilitate door-to-door international logistics services. | x | x | x | ||
| Implementation Opinions on Promoting the Innovation and Development of Future Industries | 2024 | Promote the integration and empowerment of new-generation information technology to traditional infrastructure such as transportation, energy, and water conservancy, develop a digital highway economy, and accelerate the digital transformation of infrastructure. Relying on the construction of urban clusters and metropolitan areas, we will create green and intensive industrial-city integration scenarios. Innovate future information service scenarios and accelerate the formation of a new paradigm of information services that are inclusive, equal, convenient, and intelligent. Facing the major strategic needs of the country and the people's needs for a better life, we will accelerate the implementation of major technical equipment research projects, break through high-end equipment products such as humanoid robots, quantum computers, ultra-high-speed trains, next-generation large aircraft, green smart ships, and autonomous ships, and use complete machines to drive the industrialization of new technologies and create a world-leading high-end equipment system. | x | ||||
| Implementation Plan for Innovative Application of General Aviation Equipment (2024-2030) | 2024 | Aiming at the direction of unmanned and intelligent, breakthrough in core technologies such as precise positioning, perception and obstacle avoidance, autonomous flight, and intelligent cluster operations. Encourage the expansion of commercial applications of drones in power line inspection, ecological monitoring, aerial photography and surveying, and aerial geophysical exploration. Expand the demonstration and application of aviation emergency rescue. Innovate the systematic application model of aviation emergency rescue equipment, strengthen practical training, and promote the construction of an aviation emergency rescue equipment system with manned and unmanned, high and low, reasonable layout, and complementary functions. Accelerate the demonstration and application of drones in the field of emergency rescue. | x | ||||
| Implementation Plan for Promoting Low-Carbon Development in the Railway Industry | 2024 | Establish a digital carbon asset management platform and industry carbon emission database for the railway system, and compile and publish a low-carbon index for the railway system. | x | ||||
| Notice on Further Strengthening Accessible Travel Services for the Elderly | 2024 | Improve and enhance barrier-free travel information services for the elderly. All localities should urge operators of travel information services to accelerate the implementation of barrier-free and barrier-free transformation of travel service Internet websites and mobile Internet applications (Apps) in accordance with barrier-free website design standards and national information barrier-free standards. We must strengthen ties with map navigation companies, and encourage and guide map navigation and positioning products to gradually improve barrier-free facility signs and barrier-free travel route navigation functions. | x | ||||
| Notice on Supporting and Guiding the Digital Transformation and Upgrading of Road and Waterway Transportation Infrastructure | 2024 | Explore the establishment of operating mechanisms such as data classification, grading, confirmation of rights, authorized use, and market-oriented circulation, and promote collaborative innovation in data technology products, application paradigms, business models, and institutional mechanisms. | |||||
| China's Rural Roads in the New Era | 2024 | By adhering to the principles of comprehensive planning, demand-driven development, collaboration and sharing, and safe and applicable technology, China has promoted digital transformation across the entire lifecycle of rural roads, including construction, management, maintenance, operation, and services. This transformation has supported the development of a modern rural transport system. Solidifying the digital foundation for rural roads. China has implemented a series of statistical survey systems, including the Rural Road Infrastructure Statistics Survey System, the Road Maintenance Statistics Survey System, and the Road Transport Statistics Survey System. Through regular monitoring and data collection, it has established a comprehensive infrastructure database, enabling the online management and monitoring of all processes related to rural road construction, management, maintenance, and operation. As a result, statistical surveying, monitoring and management of rural roads have been improved through a digital and smart transformation. It has also initiated a "one road, one file" information system for rural roads, ensuring that basic data for each road can easily be found online. This initiative has enabled integrated management for rural roads. Expanding digital application in rural road management. By combining basic data with information on technical conditions, maintenance operations, funds allocation, emergency dispatch, the road chief system operations, statistical management, and travel services, China has facilitated information interconnectivity and sharing. It has applied advanced information technologies such as the Internet of Things, satellite remote sensing, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence (AI) in rural road management. Through active exploration of application scenarios such as AI-powered automated inspections, unmanned aerial vehicle inspections, intelligent road network monitoring, intelligent maintenance, intelligent disaster early warning, and big data-driven decision-making and analysis in rural road management, China has steadily increased the digitalization level of rural roads. | |||||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | In terms of first-class technology, the level of transportation science and technology innovation has been significantly improved, the construction of smart transportation has achieved remarkable results, and the green and low-carbon transformation has made significant progress. Optimize intermodal transport operation services, expand the "one ticket purchase, one payment, one ID (code) pass" service products, continue to promote the upgrading of intermodal passenger ticket products, and improve the convenience service level of intermodal passenger luggage. Carry out pilot demonstrations of the "one ticket system" for passenger intermodal transport, cultivate typical routes and well-known service brands for passenger intermodal transport in batches across the country, and give full play to the leading role of typical demonstrations. Improve the management system and standard system of new forms of Internet road freight business and standardize business operations. Implement a special action plan for highway digitization, and promote the digital transformation and intelligent upgrading of highway design and construction, maintenance and traffic maintenance, operation services, market governance, and standard supply. Implement the standardization foundation-strengthening project, complete the upgrade of the service functions of the transportation standards information system, build a digital transportation standards library and mandatory national standards statistical analysis points, and improve the evaluation and statistical analysis capabilities of standard implementation effects. Improve the coordinated supervision mechanism for road transportation safety, promote the timely sharing of key supervision and law enforcement information, and use big data to improve the precision of combating illegal activities. Improve the Beidou-based international road transport management and service information system, promote information exchange and sharing with customs, immigration and border inspection, public security and traffic management departments, and strengthen dynamic monitoring of international road transport operations. Create a replicable example of international mutual recognition and cooperation of electronic certificates for ships and crew members. Strengthen departmental information sharing, establish a supply chain credit database, provide credit evaluation and risk warning services, and standardize the development of supply chain finance based on real transactions. Expand the information carrying function of logistics vehicles, promote the global unified coding identification (GS1), and promote data interoperability in the logistics chain. Vigorously develop smart logistics. Support the application of intelligent stereoscopic warehouses and automatic sorting and stacking machines in the field of commercial circulation to improve storage, loading and unloading, and turnover efficiency. Improve the intelligent distribution facilities at the end of the city, and promote self-service pick-up cabinets and smart express boxes (letter and parcel boxes). Accelerate the digital transformation of commercial circulation. Deepen digital applications. Accelerate digital integration innovation and application in the field of commercial circulation. Give full play to the data integration advantages of large commercial circulation enterprises and digital service providers, provide "small, fast, light and accurate" digital transformation solutions for small and medium-sized commercial circulation enterprises, and promote the interconnection of demand, inventory and logistics information. | x | x | |||
| Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the High-Quality Development of Modern Shipping Services | 2023 | Accelerate the establishment of a ship energy efficiency management center in Shanghai and strengthen the management of ship energy consumption data. Improve the basic service capabilities of shipping. Strengthen the application of new generation information technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence, and blockchain, and comprehensively promote the transformation and upgrading of shipping service businesses such as ship brokerage, ship management, ship agency, passenger and freight agency, and navigation assistance services. Strengthen the application and promotion of digital platforms for shipping trade, strengthen data sharing and business collaboration, and further improve the level of shipping trade facilitation. | x | ||||
| Guiding Opinions on Further Building a High-Quality Charging Infrastructure System | 2023 | Strengthen the exchange and sharing of charging service data in different cities, accelerate the intelligent upgrading and transformation of charging network. Build an information network platform. Promote the construction of a national charging facility monitoring service platform. Strengthen data interconnection with electric vehicles, urban and highway travel service networks, and timely release the settings and real-time use of public charging infrastructure through various convenient channels such as Internet map service platforms. | x | ||||
| The People's Republicof China Fourth National Communication on Climate Change | 2023 | The electronic toll collection (ETC) systemhas been promoted nationwide so that vehicles could pass expressway tollgates quickly. | x | ||||
| Barrier-free Environment Construction Law of the People's Republic of China | 2023 | The state encourages map navigation and positioning products to gradually improve the signs of barrier-free facilities and barrier-free travel route navigation functions. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Promote the nationwide use of one transportation card and the use of one card for multiple modes of transportation. Promote the interconnection and sharing of ticketing data information among modes of transport, develop electronic tickets for intermodal transport for passengers, and strive to achieve "one-stop ticket purchase, one ticket (ID) for pass". Accelerate the establishment of a nationwide interconnected and interoperable public information system for multimodal transport, and promote seamless data exchange and sharing among railway, highway, waterway, and aviation sectors, as well as with customs, market regulation, and other relevant authorities.Actively promote the "one bill system" for multimodal transport and accelerate the application of electronic unified documents for multimodal transport of containers. Encourage the innovative development of large fleets that provide high-quality trunk transport services, innovate road freight organization methods, and improve the efficiency and quality of collection and distribution. Innovate new models such as truck leasing, trailer sharing, and containerization. Promote the construction of a basic public information service platform for urban freight distribution. Develop shared logistics modes such as "cloud warehouses". Improve the inter-provincial joint approval mechanism for large-scale transportation, optimize the approval process, and promote the intelligent formulation of routes. Deeply implement the "entering factories" and "entering villages" projects for postal and express delivery, and promote the coordinated integration of express logistics with advanced manufacturing, modern agriculture, and cross-border e-commerce. Promote the development of emerging models such as drone (car) delivery, intelligent distribution, contactless delivery, and instant direct delivery. Deepen the construction of the "single window" for international trade, optimize the supervision process of inbound and outbound ships and goods, support the construction of a big data sharing platform for ports, and promote the facilitation of shipping. With the goal of improving the level of international road transport supervision and services in the context of full-area opening, on the basis of the international road transport management and service system constructed in the early stage, we will organize the construction of an international road transport full-chain information data exchange and inquiry service platform, expand the coverage from border provinces to the whole country, and realize the online processing of relevant business processes such as license filing and driving permit application and issuance, as well as dynamic supervision of international road transport vehicles. Improve the level of passenger transport information services. Promote the application of mobile Internet technology in the field of passenger transport and improve the level of customized passenger transport services. Create a road passenger transport information service platform serving the whole country, improve the level of road passenger transport network ticketing services, popularize the application of road passenger electronic tickets, and serve the people's convenient travel. Promote the rural transportation information platform according to local conditions, and realize the integration and sharing of information such as rural passenger transport, logistics distribution, and tourism services. Further expand the coverage of network ticketing and electronic ship ticket applications for water passenger transport. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, efforts will be made to significantly improve the quality of online ticketing services for road passenger transport, comprehensively increase the coverage rate of networked ticketing at Class II and above passenger terminals, the availability rate of ticketed departures, and the rate of online ticket sales. A road passenger transport electronic ticketing service system will be established to enhance the digitalization and intelligent management of the sector. Promote the integrated development of Internet + freight logistics. Improve the network freight management system, study the inclusion of transaction matching freight platforms into industry supervision, study and formulate network freight business service standards, and strengthen market operation monitoring. Guide the standardized and healthy development of new forms of network freight. Vigorously develop "Internet +" efficient logistics and innovate smart logistics operation models. Improve the level of digital supervision services. Accelerate the promotion and application of electronic road transport licenses, water transport electronic certificates, and electronic documents for dangerous goods road transport and container multimodal transport. Accelerate the construction and application of Internet road transport convenient government service systems, and promote cross-provincial handling of high-frequency road transport government services. Encourage the integrated development of Internet + automobile maintenance, establish an online appointment + offline maintenance service system, support the development of convenient maintenance service outlets, and guide the branding and networking development of maintenance enterprises. Promote online remote theoretical teaching of motor vehicle driving training, and encourage the development of diversified and customized training services. Comprehensively promote the electronicization of dangerous goods road transport waybills. Promote the application of the online "Driver's Home" app to provide truck drivers with accurate push, appointment services, safety training, service evaluation and other services, and promote the online and offline linkage and integrated development of the "Driver's Home". | x | x | x | x | |
| "14th Five-Year" National Road Traffic Safety Plan | 2022 | Adhere to and optimize the normalized and institutionalized working mechanism of joint law enforcement for overweight vehicles, promote information sharing and business collaboration between the public security traffic management and transportation departments, and improve the effectiveness of joint law enforcement. Give full play to the role of information technology such as highway entrances and exits, provincial boundary video surveillance, and key operating vehicle networking and joint control systems, and strengthen the supervision and management of long-distance cross-provincial heavy-cargo transport. Improve the construction of the road transportation safety prevention and control system for dangerous goods, strengthen departmental coordination and information sharing, and form a full-chain supervision and law enforcement force. Make full use of the dynamic operation data of road transport vehicles to strengthen law enforcement supervision and punishment. Strengthen scientific and technological support, strengthen the in-depth application of technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence, and 5G in law enforcement and case handling, and promote new technologies to intelligently assist law enforcement. Promote the digitalization of highway infrastructure planning, design, construction, maintenance, transportation management and services, and strengthen the synchronous construction of highway traffic perception networks and sharing among departments. Promote the establishment of key research and development plans for road traffic safety prevention and control and comprehensive governance, promote the application of new technologies such as image intelligent recognition, Beidou high-precision positioning, 5G+AI, and edge computing in traffic safety governance, and carry out forward-looking research and exploration on new formats and new problems. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Plan for Aviation Logistics | 2022 | Optimize the emergency logistics information system, improve the aviation emergency logistics dispatch system, efficiently connect national and local emergency platforms and systems to promote information sharing and resource integration, improve the timeliness and effectiveness of information transmission, improve emergency response capabilities, promote the application of new technologies and equipment such as drones and "zero contact", strengthen the construction of professional capabilities in aviation transportation such as dangerous goods, cold chain, precision instruments, and special equipment, promote the effective integration of all aspects of emergency logistics, strengthen the construction of emergency teams, carry out practical and regular emergency drills, and solidify emergency measures such as "passenger aircraft carrying cargo" and "green channels" as appropriate. Promote the electronicization of freight. Summarize and promote the experience of Zhengzhou Airport's electronic freight pilot, encourage the airport to build an electronic freight platform, promote airlines and freight forwarding companies to use electronic waybills and online logistics services, promote information sharing, standard unification and mutual recognition of security checks, and realize “single-document system” for cargo transportation. Strengthen the application of aviation logistics information tracking technology to achieve "visible, measurable, controllable, responsive and traceable" cargo. Deepen the research on new technologies such as artificial intelligence-based machine identification of contraband and large cargo scanning detection, and carry out experimental verification and auxiliary application of automatic image judgment mode for cargo and mail security inspection. Strengthen technical research in the fields of aviation logistics safety, industrial chain integration, panoramic perception, and unmanned operation to solve common key problems in the development of the industry and promote the advanced, applicable, complete and controllable aviation logistics equipment. Promote the interconnection and interoperability of logistics information. Advance the digital upgrade of facilities and equipment to enhance the full-process and all-element digitalization of air logistics. Rely on air logistics hubs to build centralized logistics information platforms, promote the full networking of logistics facilities and equipment, and, under the premise of ensuring data security, facilitate information exchange among freight forwarders, airports, cargo terminals, airlines, and customs. Promote open and shared logistics information within and beyond the industry, and break down information silos. Encourage the development of one-stop information release platforms and inquiry portals for logistics orders, cargo tracking, and multimodal transport. Strengthen information sharing among upstream and downstream enterprises in the supply chain to improve the precision of cargo-resource matching. Cargo inspection informationization project. Support aviation logistics hubs to build cargo inspection informationization systems based on 5G, Internet of Things, big data processing and other technologies, carry out security inspection big data analysis and rating, realize accurate management of security inspection classification, and improve the efficiency of pre-station inspection and post-event tracking of cargo. Full-process tracking project for aviation logistics. Promote unified barcode management and radio frequency identification technology, timely and accurately record cargo transportation data, and break through the information islands between airports, airlines, and freight forwarders. Encourage existing airports to implement cargo information system transformation and upgrading, and support airports to improve the paperless, automated, and informationized levels of cargo business processes. Promote the airport cluster to improve integrated customs clearance services, simplify international air logistics processes, promote air declaration and electronic declaration, and improve the efficiency of air cargo customs clearance. Make full use of big data and scientific research methods to timely and accurately reflect the development scale and quality of the aviation logistics industry. Strengthen the monitoring, analysis and early warning of operational data such as dangerous goods transportation, and improve proactive prevention and control capabilities. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Promote the coordinated control of urban road traffic lights to ensure priority for public transportation; promote the release of real-time public transportation operation information on electronic bus stops, Internet information platforms, etc., optimize transfer guidance signs, popularize transportation cards, mobile payment and other services, and increase the attractiveness of public transportation. Steadily promote information sharing and opening up of transportation ticketing systems, improve the level of online ticketing for road passenger transport, and popularize electronic tickets. Optimize and improve self-driving travel service facilities, develop tourism distribution business based on bus stations, and cultivate new transportation consumption models. Accelerate the promotion of the "one bill system" for multimodal transport, innovate standards and specifications for mutual recognition of waybills, promote information exchange of international freight documents, explore international railway electronic bills of lading, and gradually popularize electronic waybills for multimodal transport of containers. Accelerate the sharing of multimodal transport information and strengthen the connection of standards and rules for different modes of transport. Deeply promote drop-and-hook transport, and innovate models such as truck leasing, trailer sharing, and customized services. Promote the sharing and use of containers, standardized pallets, turnover boxes (baskets), etc. among different modes of transport, improve the efficiency of multimodal transport transshipment, and develop unitized logistics. Innovate postal universal services and realize full-process tracking and query of mail. Improve the terminal service of postal delivery. Build a diversified and intelligent terminal service network, promote the layout and construction of urban and rural express service stations, intelligent collection and delivery terminals and terminal service platforms, and share resources. Promote the construction of postal express service places and facilities in urban residential communities. Build a comprehensive service station for postal logistics that integrates postal, express delivery, e-commerce, commerce and trade. Promote unmanned vehicles and drones for transportation and delivery, and steadily develop contactless delivery services. Support the development of new formats and new models such as instant delivery and warehouse delivery integration. Promote unmanned vehicles and drones for transportation and delivery, and steadily develop contactless delivery services. Support the development of new formats and models such as instant delivery and warehouse delivery integration. Improve the urban distribution node network, optimize vehicle convenient passage policies, and promote information exchange and sharing and organizational model innovation throughout the urban distribution chain. Promote the promotion and application of the Beidou system. Improve the infrastructure of the Beidou system for transportation, improve the Beidou ground-based augmentation network, and enhance the service level of Beidou short messages. Steadily promote the application of the Beidou system in railways, highways, waterways, general aviation, urban public transportation, global maritime shipping, international road transportation and other fields, promote the layout and construction of train operation control systems integrating Beidou technology, and carry out Beidou industrialization application demonstrations in the civil aviation industry. Promote the development of intelligent warehousing and distribution facilities and equipment. Improve the government service and supervision capabilities of transportation, improve digital and information-based supervision methods, strengthen off-site supervision, credit supervision, and joint supervision, and realize the nationwide networking of the supervision system. Rely on the national online approval and supervision platform for investment projects to strengthen in-process and post-event supervision. By 2025, the electronic ticket coverage rate of second-level and above road passenger stations will reach 99%, and the electronic ticket coverage rate of inter-provincial and inter-city passenger routes will reach 80%, and strive to achieve one-stop ticket purchase and one ticket (id) pass. | x | x | |||
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | Actively promote the electronic joint form management of ship pollutants, and improve the level of informationization of joint supervision of ship water pollutants. | x | ||||
| Implementation Opinions on Further Improving the Service Capabilities of Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure | 2022 | Strengthen innovation in charging and battery swapping technology and standard support. Accelerate the formulation and promotion of high-power charging standards, strengthen cross-industry collaboration, and promote the coordinated upgrading of all parties in the industry. Promote the research and development of new technologies such as wireless charging and automatic unmanned charging. Promote the formation of unified battery swapping standards in major application areas, and improve the safety, reliability and economy of battery swapping models. Improve the data interaction standards between new energy vehicle batteries and charging facilities. | x | ||||
| National Highway Network Plan | 2022 | The integration with transportation service network, information network, energy network, etc. has become closer, and the digital transformation has taken solid steps, basically realizing the intelligent operation management and digitalization of travel scenarios. Focus on innovation and empowerment. Coordinate the construction of national highways and new infrastructure. Promote the digital transformation of all elements and the entire cycle of national highways, realize the integrated management of data resources, strengthen the dynamic collection, update and sharing of data, promote the synchronous planning and construction of building information models and road network perception networks, and incorporate the information collection infrastructure into the unified planning and construction of highway projects. Promote the formulation and revision of highway-related standards and specifications, and focus on the coordination of standards with new vehicles, information communications, intelligent transportation and other facilities and equipment. | x | ||||
| Outline of the Medium- and Long-Term Development Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation (2021-2035) | 2022 | Strengthen research on intelligent maintenance technology for in-service infrastructure. Focusing on the performance improvement of in-service infrastructure, breakthroughs in technologies such as intelligent health monitoring, accurate performance perception, and autonomous risk warning throughout the life cycle of infrastructure will be made. Research and development of technologies and equipment for intelligent detection, digital diagnosis, standardized evaluation, and rapid disposal of infrastructure will be carried out. A smart management and maintenance system for transportation infrastructure based on building information modeling (BIM) and Beidou will be developed. A basic information big data platform will be established to comprehensively promote preventive maintenance technology. Promote the research and development and application of intelligent and rapid maintenance technologies, and study technical methods and standard systems such as infrastructure structural reinforcement, durability improvement, and post-disaster repair. Promote the design of a quality control system and platform for the entire life cycle of transportation infrastructure based on blockchain technology, and accelerate the construction of an integrated platform for major infrastructure safety and disaster risk control and emergency measures. | |||||
| "14th Five-Year" Civil Aviation Development Plan | 2021 | Establish a coordination mechanism for the application of smart security big data, enhance the capabilities of online civil aviation security government services, and promote the development and intelligent application of civil aviation security big data. Research and formulate regulations and standards for airport smart security systems and new technology application guidelines. Research and promote fully and semi-automated security checks. Improve network security protection capabilities. Strengthen the security of network information systems. Build a comprehensive security situational awareness system and a network security risk prediction mechanism. Support the construction and upgrading of security facilities to form a security defense system with flexible deployment, adaptive functions, accurate threat identification, and cloud-edge-end collaboration. Strengthen the management of key network security personnel and supply chain management to enhance the secure operation of core network systems, website attack defense capabilities, and the ability to prevent the leakage of important information. Promote the safe, controllable, and domestically produced substitution of key technologies and core equipment for important civil aviation information systems, accelerating adaptation to the new developments in civil aviation infrastructure and smart civil aviation. Strengthen the research and development of aviation information network and industrial control network security technologies. Fully implement the network security multi-level protection system and the critical information infrastructure security protection system, and improve information reporting mechanisms. Build an online security monitoring and early warning platform for important industry networks and information systems to strengthen real-time monitoring. Foster and expand a new digital civil aviation ecosystem. Leveraging intelligent technologies, we will deepen the integration and development of civil aviation with logistics, tourism, finance, commerce, and other fields, drive the civil aviation service chain to a higher level, and foster and expand new business models. Applying customized passenger travel and one-click technologies, we will guide and drive upstream and downstream supply chains, explore new models for air passenger services, vigorously develop the civil aviation digital economy, and accelerate the cultivation of a digital industry ecosystem for civil aviation. Strengthen the application of smart service scenarios. Focusing on shortening passenger travel time and improving service quality, with a focus on hub airports, promote on-demand passenger guidance throughout the entire process, seamless customs clearance, differentiated security checks, and a "one-stop" inspection for customs and epidemic prevention, ensuring a "one-stop" experience for passengers. Promote electronic waybills and online logistics services, promote information sharing, standardization, and mutual recognition of security checks, and achieve a "single bill" for cargo transportation. Promote air-ground intermodal transport services with seamless connections, efficient transit, and mutual recognition of security checks, creating an integrated travel service chain. Support the development of value-added services and integrated service products, and promote the construction of a new generation of passenger service systems. Encourage innovative development in drone logistics. Improve low-altitude flight service support capabilities. Fully utilize existing Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) base stations, Beidou flight dynamic information service platforms, and flight service centers (stations). Guide the layout of provincial flight service stations and strengthen data integration and sharing. Optimize the intelligence service support system and improve low-altitude meteorological and visual chart products. Innovate the drone industry ecosystem. Continue to promote the construction and operation of unmanned aerial vehicle test zones. Based on operational scenarios and operational risks, conduct research on operational theory, risk assessment, and technical verification. Explore regulatory and service models that are consistent with the characteristics of unmanned aviation. Guided by the construction of a drone industry ecosystem, encourage the development of a number of innovative platforms and support the development of low-altitude economic clusters focused on the development of the entire drone industry chain. Leverage the driving role of innovation clusters to guide the industry towards the high end of the value chain. We will continue to enhance security inspection service efficiency, fully implement end-to-end baggage tracking, and comprehensively upgrade smart travel services, including self-service, single-card customs clearance, biometric recognition, intelligent guidance, and paperless travel. In line with the principles of decentralization, rapid iteration, and high reusability, promote data interoperability and secure sharing among industry stakeholders. Carry out data governance and standardization, and formulate regulatory strategies dynamically by mining various types of regulatory data. Establish risk warning models to enhance the assessment, forecasting, early warning, and timely response to major risks. Deploy innovation chains around the civil aviation operational service chain and build an industrial chain. Support enterprises in forming innovation consortia to undertake major national science and technology projects. Promote the establishment of industrial alliances and build an innovation ecosystem with enterprises as the main body, market-oriented, and deep integration of industry, academia, research, and application. Increase support for independent innovation in transportation, general aviation, and support enterprises, give full play to the innovation leadership role of large enterprises, support small and medium-sized enterprises in accelerating application-oriented innovation, and increase investment in scientific research. Promote the application of major scientific and technological achievements. Adhere to demand-driven approaches, refine technical roadmaps for the application of scientific and technological achievements in areas such as blockchain, artificial intelligence, and the BeiDou system, and accelerate the expansion of 5G, big data, and regional civil aviation applications. Seize the opportunities presented by the concentrated infrastructure construction period to achieve deep integration of new technologies and products with infrastructure. Focus on developing new technology application scenarios to improve operational efficiency and service quality. Promote the development of a digital and intelligent aircraft maintenance and repair system to ensure safe, reliable, and efficient aircraft operation. Promote the development of integrated, intelligent airport resource and energy management systems, implement energy-saving renovations in lighting, heating/cooling systems, and building envelopes, and strengthen the application of new materials, technologies, and products. Promote the development of integrated, intelligent airport resource and energy management systems, implement energy-saving renovations in lighting, heating/cooling systems, and building envelopes, and strengthen the application of new materials, technologies, and products. Steadily increase the utilization rate of rainwater, reclaimed water, and recycled water, and promote the development of water-saving model airports. Electronic freight documentation rate (%): 2020: –; 2025: 80; Average growth rate: – End-to-end paperless travel capability at airports >=10 million passengers (%): 2020: –; 2025: 100; Average growth rate: – End-to-end baggage tracking service level (%): 2020: –; 2025: 90; Average growth rate: – Localization rate of new major air traffic control system equipment (%): 2020: 60; 2025: [80]; R&D investment share of major companies (%): 2020: 0.6; 2025: 1; | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Highways | 2021 | Travel information is being released more timely, accurately, and efficiently, with more diverse and diverse information dissemination methods. The level of highway travel information services has been significantly enhanced. The level of digitalization and intelligent development in highway transportation will be significantly improved. Breakthroughs will be achieved in the integrated and innovative development of traditional infrastructure and "new infrastructure." A new step will be taken toward the full-element and full-cycle digital upgrading of infrastructure and transport equipment, and a fully digitalized travel service system will be essentially established. Implement the service brand enhancement strategy, expand the application and development of ETC, improve service quality, deepen the civilized creation of service areas and upgrade the service experience, improve the information release system and innovate service models, promote energy conservation and emission reduction, improve service quality, strengthen and improve service supply, broaden the connotation and quality of services, and continuously improve service efficiency. Strengthen the promotion and application of electronic passenger tickets for road passenger transport and increase the proportion of online ticket sales for road passenger transport. Promote the development of a Beidou-based international road transport management and service information system. Promote the implementation of online processing of international road transport-related business processes nationwide. Promote information exchange and sharing with customs, immigration and border control, public security and traffic management departments, and other departments to further enhance the dynamic monitoring and service levels of international road transport vehicles. Explore and promote the exchange of international road transport-related data with countries along the Belt and Road. Steadily advance the development of "Internet Plus" convenient transportation. Create mobile-based "fingertip travel" services, encourage and regulate the development of shared transportation, customized passenger transport, online reservations, and online rentals. Develop efficient "Internet Plus" logistics, innovate smart logistics operation models, and encourage and support the development of shared models such as public "capacity pools," joint distribution, and cloud warehousing. Build a digital transportation service network. Promote the electronicization of transportation services throughout the entire process, establish a fully electronic passenger transport service system across modes and regions, and provide passenger intermodal services such as one-stop ticketing and integrated services. Build a nationwide road passenger transport aggregation platform to improve travel convenience for the public. Vigorously develop "Internet +" efficient logistics, innovate smart logistics operation models, and promote the sharing and mutual recognition of electronic waybills across modes and regions. Actively promote the application of big data support. Build a road network big data system with unified standards, unified specifications, and shared compatibility, achieving multi-source integration of all-factor perception data. Fully integrate data resources within and outside the industry, accelerate the sharing and openness of data resources in the highway sector, research and establish institutional norms to promote the effective flow of data resources in the highway sector, advance the construction of a "highway network big data center," create a cloud-network integrated smart road network cloud control platform, enhance the intelligent application of highway traffic big data, and effectively support highway network operations, management, and services. Improve the national overload vehicle control information system, establish a comprehensive overload vehicle control monitoring network with integrated prevention and control, and full-time effective monitoring. Continue to optimize and improve the highway traffic survey system, and continuously enhance the automation level of highway traffic observation stations. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Modern Transport Hub System | 2021 | Promote the configuration of hubs with facilities such as intelligent inter-trip navigation, self-service baggage direct check-in, and intelligent sign guidance, develop a full-process electronic service model, and promote the "one-code access" for passenger services such as ticket sales, ticket inspection, security inspection, boarding, transfer, and parking. Promote the application of fifth-generation mobile communications (5G), facial recognition and other technologies, as well as advanced equipment such as fully automatic security inspection. Accelerate the development of smart comprehensive freight hubs. Promote the construction of intelligent warehousing and distribution, digital platforms and other facilities in comprehensive freight hubs, and actively apply advanced equipment such as drones, unmanned delivery vehicles, unmanned forklifts, intelligent security inspections, intelligent picking robots, and unmanned smart gates. Promote the application of digital warehousing management, safety production warning, automatic matching of vehicles and goods, and intelligent scheduling. Promote paperless operations in pickup, distribution, warehousing, transshipment, inquiry, insurance and other links. | |||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Water Transport | 2021 | Improve the online passenger ticketing system in key waterways, establish a national electronic ticketing system, and strengthen data sharing with other modes of transportation and tourism departments. Implement an innovation-driven strategy, focusing on digitalization and intelligentization, to promote "new infrastructure" for water transport. Promote the in-depth application of 5G, big data, blockchain, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things in the water transport industry, promote intelligent production and operations, facilitate public services, and elevate the level of intelligent development in water transport. Focus on intelligent production and operations to enhance the intelligence level of ports and terminals. Accelerate the application of 5G and Beidou, achieving deep coverage in key port areas. Expand the remote automation of existing container and bulk cargo terminal loading and unloading facilities, and the use of unmanned container trucks within ports. Build a new generation of automated terminals, applying cloud computing, big data, blockchain, artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and other technologies to integrate port, shipping, and trade data to create a "smart brain" for ports. Innovate port production and operation models, enhancing the automation and intelligence level of production operations, safety, and green operations. Focus on developing external service platforms to enhance transport and logistics facilitation. Vigorously promote the development of "single window" services and online and offline collaborative service capabilities. Focusing on trunk container ports, build a smart port logistics collaboration platform, promote data interconnection and sharing among ports, shipping, railways, and highways, promote collaborative operations in related logistics, and enhance logistics facilitation. Build a blockchain-based global shipping service network and explore the application of a blockchain-based electronic release platform for imported containers. | x | x | x | ||
| 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Breakthrough in technologies such as integrated communication and navigation, build a Beidou application industry innovation platform, carry out typical demonstrations in industries such as communications, finance, energy, and civil aviation, and promote the market-based and large-scale application of Beidou in consumer fields such as in-vehicle navigation, smart phones, and wearable devices. Promote the digitalization of various scenarios such as shopping, home life, tourism and leisure, and transportation, and create a new digital life of smart sharing and harmonious governance. | x | x | |||
| China's Mid-Century Long-Term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development Strategy | 2021 | Promote the development of smart transportation, and actively develop new technologies, new business formats, and new models such as autonomous driving and shared cars. | x | ||||
| Digital Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2021 | A full-process electronic travel service system integrating various modes of transport has been basically formed, and the coverage rate of electronic tickets for secondary and above road passenger stations and customized passenger routes has reached 99%. A full-chain smart logistics service system has been initially established, with the utilization rate of electronic waybills for dangerous goods road transport exceeding 90%, and the utilization rate of electronic waybills for container transport significantly increased. Online collaboration in industry governance. The "data brain" of comprehensive transportation has been initially formed, the level of accurate dynamic monitoring and early warning has been significantly improved, the industry collaborative supervision system has been connected nationwide, and the "one-stop" government service has become more convenient and efficient. Extensive coverage of information networks has been achieved, forming an integrated sky-ground system that combines public and private networks, integrates cloud and network infrastructure, and ensures safety and efficiency. The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System has been deeply applied across the transport sector. Accelerate the advancement of new transportation infrastructure, promote the integrated development of new technologies and transportation infrastructure, empower traditional transportation infrastructure, promote the digital transformation and intelligent upgrading of transportation infrastructure, and improve infrastructure safety assurance capabilities and operational efficiency. Build application scenarios and industrial ecology based on Beidou and 5G, carry out innovative demonstration applications in the field of transportation, and help the application of the new generation of information technology industry. Deepen the application of Beidou industry. Promote the application of Beidou-3 terminals in railways, highways, water transportation, civil aviation, postal services and other fields. Deepen the application of high-precision navigation and location services of Beidou system in the field of transportation. Promote the intelligent upgrading and transformation of comprehensive passenger transport hubs. Promote the electronic and touchless links of passenger ticket sales, ticket inspection, security inspection, boarding, etc., build intelligent guidance facilities in hubs to improve the national road passenger electronic ticket service system, and popularize the application of electronic tickets in secondary and above road passenger stations and customized passenger routes. Improve the level of rural passenger information services and provide urban-rural integrated passenger services. Promote the application of electronic boat tickets. Promote the widespread use of electronic freight waybills. Accelerate the implementation of electronic waybill management in key areas such as dangerous goods road transport, cold chain logistics, and LTL logistics, promote the sharing and mutual recognition of document information such as railways, highways, waterways, civil aviation, and postal express, promote the interactive sharing of information between e-commerce and urban freight distribution supply chains, and promote the formation of an efficient multimodal transport system with "one waybill to the end". Comprehensively promote "Internet + supervision" in transportation. Promote the intelligence of transportation statistical decision-making, project management, comprehensive law enforcement, production safety supervision, operation monitoring and emergency response, new business supervision, and other business intelligence, and enhance new information-based supervision capabilities such as off-site supervision, credit supervision, and joint supervision. Improve standards and specifications. Improve the working mechanism of industry information standards, give full play to the role of enterprises in standard research, and encourage forward-looking exploration of group standards. Improve the standardization information service platform. Promote the innovative application of blockchain in the fields of electronic transportation documents, full-chain supervision of dangerous goods, and full-process logistics visualization. | x | x | x | ||
| New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035) | 2021 | Promote the in-depth application of intelligent technology in key links of new energy vehicles, such as R&D and design, production and manufacturing, warehousing and logistics, operation and management, and after-sales service. Accelerate the development and integration of core industrial software for intelligent manufacturing of new energy vehicles, such as simulation, management, and control. Carry out application demonstrations of smart factories and digital workshops. Accelerate the promotion and application of full life-cycle collaborative management systems, support the construction of integrated demonstration platforms for design, manufacturing, and service, and enhance the intelligent level of the entire new energy vehicle industry chain. Develop integrated smart mobility services. Accelerate the construction of a new type of intelligent transportation management and control system covering front-end information collection, edge distributed computing, and cloud collaborative control. Accelerate the application of new energy vehicles in fields such as car-sharing, urban public transport, taxis, and site vehicles, and optimize the environment for the use of new energy vehicles in the public service sector. Build a cybersecurity assurance system. Improve the cybersecurity management system for new energy vehicles, build a unified vehicle identity authentication and security trust system, promote the in-depth application of cryptographic technology. Strengthen security testing of in-vehicle information systems, service platforms, and key electronic components. Strengthen the classified management and compliant application of new energy vehicle data, and improve risk assessment, early warning monitoring, and emergency response mechanisms to ensure information security in all links from the "vehicle end - transmission network - cloud end." | |||||
| Opinions on Strengthening the Protection of Truck Drivers' Rights and Interests | 2021 | Strengthen the application of big data analysis of complaint and reporting hotlines, and timely optimize and improve management measures for universal, regular, and emerging problems in the field of road freight. We will increase the promotion of electronic road transport licenses and certificates, continue to promote the "cross-provincial handling" of high-frequency government affairs for road transport practitioners, and facilitate truck drivers in obtaining integrity assessment grade endorsements for their professional qualification certificates and annual inspections of road transport licenses. Strictly follow the requirements of the "Regulations on the Safety Management of Road Transport of Dangerous Goods", share electronic waybill information on dangerous goods road transport, and reasonably set restricted areas and time periods for dangerous goods transport vehicles. Standardize the operation of new forms of online freight transportation. Improve and perfect the management system of Internet road freight platforms such as online freight platforms and freight information transaction matching platforms, establish a joint evaluation mechanism for online service capabilities related to online freight road transport business licenses, strengthen operation monitoring and dynamic management, consolidate the main responsibility of enterprises, and standardize business operations. Strictly investigate and punish Internet road freight platforms that damage the legitimate rights and interests of truck drivers in accordance with the law. | x | ||||
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | Build an emergency transportation big data center to promote information interconnection and sharing. Build a high-precision transportation geographic information platform and accelerate the independent innovation and application of building information modeling technology in various fields. Build a comprehensive transportation big data center system and improve the comprehensive transportation information platform. Strengthen scientific research and improve construction technology to reduce transport noise, pollutants, carbon dioxide and other emissions from the source. Increase the intensity of traffic pollution monitoring and comprehensive management, strengthen traffic environmental risk prevention and control, and implement ecological compensation mechanisms. Based on big data and credit information sharing, build a new governance mechanism for comprehensive transportation. | |||||
| Voluntary National Review 2021 - CHN | 2021 | The Internet+ model has profoundly changed the way of mobility. By the end of 2019, ride-hailing services were available in more than 400 cities nationwide, with an average daily use of 20 million times; on average bicycle sharing services were used 45.7 million times a day. Internet applications have changed freight transportation, helping with the handling of 85% of rail freight operations. In 2019, more than 3.57 billion passenger tickets were sold through the 12306 Internet ticketing system, and electronic passenger tickets were accepted basically in all stations. Achieve sustainable transportation through innovation. We have also been promoting industries of the digital economy and sharing economy, building new, smart transportation ecosystems, developing both traditional and new infrastructure as new drivers for the digital economy. In the digital economy era, it is essential to build innovatively a modern infrastructure system that is highly efficient, economical, intelligent, green, safe and reliable. Traditional infrastructure such as transportation, energy and municipal services will be digitalized at a faster pace. | x | x | |||
| 14th Five Year Plan for the Construction of Modern Logistics System | 2020 | Promote the application of blockchain in the field of international shipping and explore the issuance of blockchain electronic bills of lading. Promote the coverage of mobile communication networks for transportation infrastructure, and accelerate the digital transformation and networking development of transportation infrastructure such as railways, highways, ports and shipping, and airports. Promote the construction of smart highways and smart railways in an orderly manner, and study and promote the construction of urban underground freight systems in areas with conditions. Comprehensively promote the construction of smart shipping, build smart ports, and improve the efficiency of port loading and unloading, transfer, and dispatching. Promote the construction of smart airports, carry out pilot projects for electronic cargo transportation in areas with conditions, and study and deploy large drone take-off and landing points to serve regional circulation. Promote the construction of a comprehensive transportation information platform. Innovate the business model of road transport services and promote truck leasing, trailer sharing and customized services. | x | x | x | x | |
| Intellegent Automobile innovation and development strategy | 2020 | Innovate the form of industrial development. Actively cultivate new forms of business such as intelligent road facilities, high-precision spatiotemporal benchmark services, basic maps for smart cars, Internet of Vehicles, network security, and smart travel. Strengthen the application of big data in complex use scenarios of smart cars, focusing on data value-added, travel services, financial insurance and other fields, and cultivate new business models. Give priority to exploring and developing smart car travel services in closed areas. | x | ||||
| Outline for the Development of Inland Waterway Transport | 2020 | Improve safety supervision and emergency rescue capabilities. Establish and improve the inland waterway emergency rescue command system, improve the layout planning and development of water transportation safety supervision and rescue systems, strengthen the promotion and application of new equipment and technologies such as drones and underwater robots, and strengthen the construction of core capabilities such as dynamic perception and early warning of water transportation, rapid and effective rescue of human lives, and disposal of ship oil spills and hazardous chemicals. Accelerate the normalization of the Beidou navigation system on the Yangtze River and Xijiang shipping trunk lines, and gradually cover the inland rivers across the country. Promote independent research and development and application of major core equipment. Gradually promote the research and construction of a new generation of automated terminals. Conduct research and application of port cargo collection and distribution equipment such as autonomous driving container trucks, rail platforms, and large drones under the end-network-cloud architecture. Conduct research on core technologies of intelligent shipping with the goal of ship autonomous driving, intelligent organization, and coordinated dispatching. Develop ship salvage technology and equipment under rapids, turbid waters, and deep water conditions. Realize efficient and convenient intelligent comprehensive information services. Promote the construction of comprehensive information service platforms such as electronic navigation charts, ship lock dispatching, and port and shipping infrastructure maintenance based on cloud-network interaction. Use information technologies such as big data and blockchain to build a port economic ecosystem that integrates multiple resource elements. Accelerate the deployment of new generation mobile communications, satellite communications (Beidou), etc. in key waters, navigable buildings, and ports. | x | ||||
| Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Nation | 2019 | Vigorously develop shared transportation, create a service system based on mobile intelligent terminal technology, and realize mobility as a service. Develop "Internet +" efficient logistics and innovate smart logistics operation models. Improve the cybersecurity guarantee system, enhance the ability to promote safety through science and technology, and strengthen the security protection of transportation information infrastructure. |
Intelligent transport systems (ITS)
| Opinions on promoting high-quality development of inland waterway transportation | 2025 | Promote the intelligence of industry management. Improve the port and waterway operation monitoring mechanism, make full use of intelligent supervision methods, and make daily supervision and emergency response visible, controllable, commandable, and dispatchable. Actively promote "Internet + supervision" to improve the efficiency of industry supervision. Promote the application of "smart card gates" and "ship AI smart monitoring" to improve the level of ship safety supervision. Relying on the relevant national information sharing platform, promote cross-departmental and cross-industry data sharing, and promote mutual recognition of supervision and law enforcement cooperation. Promote the joint dispatch of ships passing through locks across regional navigation buildings, and promote smart ship passing lock services and new models of intelligent lock management. Promote the intelligence of facilities and equipment. Research and formulate evaluation standards for the construction of smart ports and smart waterways, promote the application of intelligent sensing equipment, digital twins and other technologies in high-level waterways and major inland ports with conditions, and promote the digitalization and intelligent development of port and shipping infrastructure. Vigorously develop inland intelligent shipping, strengthen the integration of port, waterway and ship systems, actively develop ship intelligent auxiliary systems and ship-shore collaborative technologies, study the new navigation mode of "shore-based driving control and ship-side duty", and encourage regions with conditions to develop intelligent shipping routes based on actual conditions to define suitable sections. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Reducing Costs, Improving Quality and Increasing Efficiency of Transportation and Logistics | 2024 | Accelerate the innovative development of transportation and smart logistics. Accelerate the construction of smart highways, smart waterways, smart ports, smart hubs, etc., and promote the digital transformation and upgrading of transportation infrastructure. Accelerate the pilot of access and passage of intelligent networked (autonomous driving) vehicles. Coordinate and strengthen the coordinated connection of transportation and smart logistics standards. Orderly promote the demonstration and application of autonomous driving and unmanned vehicles in key areas such as the Yangtze River Delta and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. | |||||
| Guiding Opinions on the Construction of Smart Ports | 2024 | Intelligent port inspection facilities and equipment. Vigorously promote the networking and application of intelligent facilities and equipment, such as contactless and non-intrusive law enforcement equipment and Automatic Identification System (AIS) equipment. Promote the upgrading and sharing of checkpoint equipment, video surveillance, and related intelligent facilities and equipment to improve port inspection efficiency and promote the efficient use of port resources. Increase the innovative application of new technologies for national border security, encourage the development and application of portable rapid screening and testing equipment, and achieve accurate, rapid, and effective inspections, thereby building an intelligent defense line for national border security. Intelligent port production and operation facilities and equipment. Encourage port operators to upgrade old facilities and equipment, and promote intelligent port operation modes such as intelligent loading and unloading, tallying, storage, and transshipment. Encourage ports with conditions to build automated unmanned terminals to achieve real-time monitoring of the operating status of facilities and equipment, automated container transshipment and stacking, intelligent planning and scheduling of transportation routes, and intelligent management of the entire port operation process. | x | ||||
| Implementation Plan for Innovative Application of General Aviation Equipment (2024-2030) | 2024 | Focus on seamless communication and surveillance, digital navigation, intelligent airspace management, etc., give full play to the role of the low-altitude intelligent Internet technology alliance, and cooperate to promote the layout of the low-altitude intelligent Internet system. Promote the development of a new intelligent and efficient operation service system. Accelerate the integrated application of 5G, satellite Internet, etc., and support the exploration of low-altitude intelligent Internet technology and standards for the interconnection of air-ground facilities and information exchange. Promote the standard application of Beidou for general aviation aircraft. | x | ||||
| Implementation Plan for Promoting Low-Carbon Development in the Railway Industry | 2024 | Promote intelligent and automated technologies such as automatic train driving and intelligent energy management to improve the energy efficiency of railway transportation systems. Vigorously develop intelligent train dispatching and marshaling technology, adopt new communication information technologies such as 5G and Beidou, optimize train dispatching and marshaling, and improve train operation efficiency. Improve the utilization efficiency of passenger cars, increase the passenger seat rate of passenger cars, and reduce unit transportation energy consumption. Promote the intelligent process of dispatching and command, establish a logistics and transportation information platform, monitor the operation of trains in real time, dynamically adjust train operation plans, optimize train intervals and route arrangements, and reduce transportation energy consumption. | x | ||||
| Notice on Supporting and Guiding the Digital Transformation and Upgrading of Road and Waterway Transportation Infrastructure | 2024 | Promote the intelligent expansion of infrastructure. Focusing on the upgrading of public services, promote the deep integration of new technologies such as big data, the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, and Beidou navigation with transportation infrastructure, systematically deploy equipment to sense the operating status of transportation infrastructure, and build communication transmission networks and traffic guidance systems along the route. Accelerate the large-scale network application of mature scenarios such as smart travel services at key nodes, active control of trunk channels, and new models of one-network services, promote the integrated linkage of points, lines, and surfaces, and effective regional coordination, and improve the carrying capacity and travel efficiency of transportation infrastructure. Promote cross-domain industrial integration. Focusing on collaborative innovation and development, implement pilot projects for vehicle-road-cloud integration and ship-shore-cloud integration. Rationally layout intelligent roadside infrastructure in key sections, provide differentiated intelligent services by level and region, and realize diversified scenario applications such as intelligent networked vehicle travel guidance, event warning, collaborative assisted driving and automatic driving; strengthen complex scenario perception in key sections, and promote the construction of autonomous collaborative control, dispatch organization optimization, assisted driving and other applications. | |||||
| Opinions on strengthening the clean and efficient use of coal | 2024 | Accelerate the application of advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things and mobile Internet in the field of coal logistics, and promote the standardization of coal logistics. | |||||
| Opinions on Strengthening the Planning and Construction of Coastal and Inland Ports and Waterways in the New Era | 2024 | Promote the research and development, application, and independent control of key technologies for automated and intelligent operations, such as port loading and unloading and warehouse operations. | x | ||||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Implement pilot projects for the application of intelligent transportation, and organize about 50 pilot application projects in the fields of autonomous driving, intelligent shipping, and intelligent construction. Accelerate the construction of smart transportation. Improve the investment policy for the construction of new transportation infrastructure, and continue to track and evaluate the effectiveness of the construction of new transportation infrastructure. Promote the construction of smart postal services, promote the application of "three intelligences and one code", improve the smart infrastructure such as mail express sorting, warehousing, and distribution, and the information infrastructure of the postal big data center, build a number of smart outlets, and support the promotion of autonomous vehicles, drone transportation and delivery, and unmanned warehouse construction. | x | x | x | ||
| Guiding Opinions on Further Building a High-Quality Charging Infrastructure System | 2023 | Strengthen data interconnection with electric vehicles, urban and highway travel service networks, and timely release the settings and real-time use of public charging infrastructure through various convenient channels such as Internet map service platforms. | x | ||||
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Development of Urban Integrated Transportation Systems | 2023 | Implement intelligent transformation of urban transportation infrastructure. Build smart poles that integrate multiple devices and functions to sense and collect dynamic and static traffic data. Promote the coordinated development of smart city infrastructure and intelligent connected vehicles, upgrade roadside facilities, build smart roads that support diverse applications, and explore the construction of "holographic road networks" in key areas. Support research on key technologies for intelligent road projects, and develop relevant standards and specifications to meet the needs of intelligent urban road construction and vehicle-road collaboration projects. | x | x | |||
| National Carbon Peak Pilot Construction Plan | 2023 | Develop intelligent transportation, promote system docking and data sharing among various modes of transportation, and improve transportation efficiency. | |||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Promote the standardized operation of fully automatic trains, smart stations, and unmanned equipment rooms, and improve the intelligence level of urban rail transit. Promote the intelligent development of urban transportation. Comprehensively improve the digital management level of urban transportation infrastructure, promote the application of technologies such as big data, 5G, and artificial intelligence in the field of urban travel services, and build an urban transportation operation monitoring and information service platform. Deepen the application of multi-mode resource optimization and collaborative scheduling technologies based on big data, realize intelligent dynamic scheduling, cross-mode collaborative scheduling, and global optimization configuration of various elements. Improve the ability to analyze and predict urban transportation operations, study and promote urban residents' traffic surveys, build an urban transportation data collection system, and promote precise urban transportation governance. Encourage logistics parks, ports, airports, and freight stations to widely use technologies such as the Internet of Things and automation, and promote the application of guided transport vehicles, intelligent conveying sorting and loading and unloading equipment. Encourage all types of market entities to build a comprehensive logistics service platform to achieve intelligent matching, intelligent tracking, and intelligent scheduling. Study and build a vehicle-road collaborative safety system, strengthen road network and vehicle operation safety monitoring, early warning and travel guidance. | x | x | x | ||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation | 2022 | Improve the level of intelligent passenger transportation, and overcome technologies such as intelligent perception and prediction of travel behavior, cloud-based ticket processing, and intelligent monitoring and evaluation of traffic flow. Vigorously develop smart transportation, promote the integration of new generation information technologies such as cloud computing, big data, the Internet of Things, mobile Internet, blockchain, and artificial intelligence with transportation, accelerate the application of Beidou navigation technology, and carry out pilot applications of smart transportation. Deeply integrate new generation information technology with transportation. Promote the application of 5G communication technology to achieve real-time monitoring of key transportation channels around the clock, all elements, and the entire process. Break through intelligent and autonomous technologies such as road transportation organization, road network monitoring, simulation testing, and operation control. Develop new generation rail transit mobile block/vehicle-to-vehicle communication and dedicated mobile communication systems, smart driving, smart station scheduling and other technologies. Beidou navigation system application technology. Develop key technologies and equipment for transportation applications based on the Beidou short message communication system, break through high-precision positioning and navigation technologies for multiple application scenarios, improve Beidou application-related standards and specifications, and build a testing and certification system for Beidou applications in the transportation field. Promote the innovative application of Beidou in the fields of autonomous driving, smart shipping, smart railways, smart civil aviation, smart postal services, etc., accelerate the promotion of Beidou in the fields of transportation infrastructure survey, design, construction, management, operation and transportation services, and build a Beidou transportation industry chain. | x | x | x | x | |
| "14th Five-Year" National Road Traffic Safety Plan | 2022 | Explore ways to improve road safety through urban smart infrastructure construction, sidewalk purification and bicycle lane construction, and vehicle-road collaborative technology. Intelligent sound, light, and electric warning devices and traffic technology monitoring equipment are applied at intersections and sections prone to traffic accidents to ensure traffic safety. Further improve the standard system of intelligent connected vehicles and enhance the inspection and testing capabilities of intelligent connected vehicle products. Conduct research on the operational safety characteristics of intelligent connected vehicles, as well as the adaptability of laws, regulations and technical standards integrated into the existing road traffic system, study the safety supervision system under autonomous driving and vehicle-road collaboration, and build an intelligent connected vehicle operational safety inspection technology and standard system to ensure the operational safety of vehicles tested and demonstrated on public roads. Explore and implement management measures for the access and on-road traffic of intelligent connected vehicles. Develop equipment for collecting evidence of road traffic violations of intelligent connected vehicles, and formulate standards for the investigation and analysis of safety accidents of intelligent connected vehicles and new energy vehicles. Build an intelligent connected vehicle product access, operational safety inspection technology and standard system to ensure the operational safety of vehicles tested and demonstrated on public roads. Realize the trusted identity authentication and operational safety monitoring and evaluation of intelligent connected vehicles, and post-accident tracing, and support vehicle access management. Promote innovation in the application of science and technology for rural traffic safety, deepen the discovery and investigation of traffic violations, the investigation of traffic safety hazards, and the comprehensive application of highway traffic safety prevention and control systems in rural areas. Deepen the application of road traffic networking and joint control technology, promote the fine organization of urban traffic, accelerate the deployment of cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X), promote the networking transformation of traffic facilities, strengthen the networking and joint control of traffic signals, and strengthen traffic travel induction services. Research and develop technologies such as electronic identification of motor vehicles and non-motor vehicles, build a vehicle digital identity registration and authentication system, and promote the application of trusted digital identities in vehicle networking, autonomous driving technology, etc. Study the technical architecture system of vehicle-road collaborative applications, carry out digital and intelligent transformation of roadside facilities, and demonstrate the application of vehicle-road collaborative applications. Study a series of safety issues derived from changes in social and economic conditions such as comprehensive urbanization, rapid motorization, and population aging in the field of road traffic, and explore targeted solutions. | x | x | |||
| 14th Five Year Plan for Aviation Logistics | 2022 | Promote the application of intelligent facilities. Build intelligent operation facilities and equipment, with the core of simplifying processes, shortening time and reducing costs, support the construction of aviation logistics facilities such as intelligent sorting, intelligent loading, and intelligent warehousing, and improve the efficiency of automated operations. Promote the coordination of drones, unmanned vehicles, unmanned warehouses, and smart logistics platform standards, and strengthen operation management and risk prevention and control. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Build an information interaction network for facilities and equipment. Steadily promote the coverage of network communication facilities such as 5G, and improve the coverage, real-time and reliability of information transmission in the transportation field. Carry out pilot demonstrations of application scenarios and industrial ecology based on 5G in the field of intelligent transportation. Promote the deployment and application of the Internet of Vehicles, and support the construction of an intelligent management system for integrated collaboration of "vehicle-road-traffic management". Create a new generation of rail transit mobile communication and aviation communication systems, study and promote the compatibility and interoperability of multi-level rail transit signal systems, and simultaneously optimize the mobile Internet access conditions of trains, aircraft, etc. Improve the level of informationization of postal confidential communications. Orderly build an urban transportation smart management platform and strengthen the refined management of urban transportation. | x | x | |||
| National Highway Network Plan | 2022 | The integration with transportation service network, information network, energy network, etc. has become closer, and the digital transformation has taken solid steps, basically realizing the intelligent operation management and digitalization of travel scenarios. | x | ||||
| Outline of the Medium- and Long-Term Development Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation (2021-2035) | 2022 | Strengthen the research and development of maintenance equipment, accelerate the research and development and application of intelligent robots for engineering maintenance, strengthen the research and development and application of self-wheeling equipment for railway operation and maintenance, intelligent maintenance and repair equipment for non-interrupted traffic highway facilities, intelligent waterway mapping and automated dredging equipment, etc. Promote the upgrading of fast, convenient and intelligent travel technologies. Conquer technologies such as intelligent perception/monitoring analysis of travel behavior and forecasting of road passenger volume demand during holidays, optimized layout and reconstruction of transportation service facilities, transparency of transportation service processes and intelligent monitoring and early warning, traffic flow monitoring evaluation and capacity regulation. Improve the technical level of comprehensive management of urban traffic congestion. Promote the coordinated development of smart transportation and smart cities, and make breakthroughs in urban transportation demand prediction and evaluation simulation, traffic operation status perception, and urban transportation multi-intelligence Energy-body simulation and decision-making, data-driven traffic congestion control and guidance, and other technologies, promote the application of new generation information technology in the coordinated development of transportation and cities, optimization of urban bus network layout and precise vehicle dispatching, dynamic operation monitoring, etc., and improve the intelligent management level of urban transportation "holographic perception + collaborative linkage + dynamic optimization + precise regulation". | x | x | x | ||
| "14th Five-Year" Civil Aviation Development Plan | 2021 | Focusing on flight, passenger, baggage, cargo, transportation, and energy flows, we will conduct intelligent upgrades to industry safety production, operational services, and facility support. We will strengthen the intelligent interconnection of passengers, baggage, cargo, aircraft, and facilities, and build a smart civil aviation operations infrastructure system. Enhance the industry's intelligent operational capabilities. With aircraft operations at the core, build an industry-wide civil aviation collaborative operations platform, establish a digital operating environment, formulate intelligent operations plans, and enhance overall operational support capabilities. Accelerate trajectory-based operational expansion trials on key routes and in key areas. Explore collaborative operations between civil and military aviation, and the integration of manned and unmanned aircraft. Accelerate the application of advanced safety warning and ultra-rapid emergency response technologies to enhance the industry's emergency response and flight recovery capabilities in the event of emergencies. Strengthen airlines' intelligent hubs, improving flight operations control, network planning, and aircraft management capabilities to meet the needs of ultra-large fleet operations. Enhance airport intelligent flight support capabilities, implementing intelligent operations such as full-area precision monitoring, intelligent allocation of resources, and proactive security warnings at key airports. Strengthen the application of new technologies and materials, and promote intelligent construction, operation, and maintenance of civil aviation infrastructure. With the core focus on streamlining processes, shortening time, and reducing costs, we will enhance the automation level of air cargo facilities and promote intelligent sorting, loading, and warehousing. Deploy information infrastructure. Actively support the construction of the national next-generation communications network to achieve low-latency, highly reliable, and high-bandwidth civil aviation communications services. Accelerate the deployment of intelligent sensing terminals and promote the comprehensive interconnection of all industry facilities. Based on different scenarios and risk levels, explore and open a number of ground-based unmanned equipment testing and experimental sites to support the innovative application of new facilities and equipment. Strengthen the application of the Beidou system in navigation, positioning, and timing. Build information infrastructure such as industry big data centers to support these applications, enhancing the industry's digital processing, digital response, and digital decision-making support capabilities. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Highways | 2021 | Achieve breakthroughs in technologies such as intelligent highways, intelligent operations and management, autonomous transport organization, intelligent simulation and testing, and intelligent identity authentication and data protection. We will promote the development and pilot application demonstrations of autonomous driving technology for road transportation, support the development of autonomous freight transport services, and steadily promote autonomous passenger travel services. Build smart highways. Promote the simultaneous planning and construction of building information models, road network perception networks, and highway infrastructure, accelerate the digital transformation of highway infrastructure, promote the full-element, full-cycle digital transformation of highway infrastructure, and strengthen proactive safety warnings for key infrastructure information. Accelerate the development and application of big data on highway networks, apply technologies such as intelligent video analysis, and build a smart road network cloud control platform that integrates monitoring, dispatching, management, emergency response, and services. Actively explore pilot projects for the smart application of new technologies such as "ETC + Beidou" open free-flow toll collection, vehicle-road collaboration, and autonomous driving. Build smart highway service areas. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Water Transport | 2021 | Comprehensively advance the development of digital waterways. Focusing on high-grade waterways, strengthen waterway infrastructure information collection capabilities and promote the full-element, full-cycle digitization of waterways, navigation marks, and regulatory structures. Promote the application of Beidou-based sensing terminal equipment and strengthen early warning monitoring of key areas such as shallow and dangerous sections. Promote the construction of a comprehensive dynamic sensing network for important sections and nodes of high-grade waterways. Strengthen the construction of operational monitoring systems for dams and navigation structures at shipping hubs. Optimize and integrate various smart waterway management platforms and strengthen connections with the National Comprehensive Transportation Information Platform. Focusing on Yangtze River and Pearl River shipping, build a big data center and a "smart waterway" service system to enhance the capacity and quality of public services. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Actively and steadily develop the industrial Internet and the Internet of Vehicles. Accelerate the digital transformation of traditional infrastructure such as transportation, energy, and municipal administration, and strengthen the construction of ubiquitous perception, terminal networking, and intelligent dispatching systems. Build application scenarios and industrial ecosystems based on 5G, and carry out pilot demonstrations in key areas such as smart transportation, smart logistics, smart energy, and smart medical care. Develop autonomous driving and vehicle-road collaborative travel services. Promote intelligent highway management, traffic signal linkage, and public transport priority control. Build smart railways, smart civil aviation, smart ports, digital waterways, and smart parking lots. | x | x | x | x | |
| Comprehensive work plan for energy conservation and emission reduction in the 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Vigorously develop intelligent transportation and actively use big data to optimize transportation organization models. | |||||
| Digital Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2021 | New technologies and new models such as vehicle-road collaboration and intelligent shipping have made new breakthroughs. Smart highways. Improve the highway sensing network, promote the digitization of all elements and cycles of highway infrastructure, develop vehicle-road collaboration and autonomous driving, promote driving guidance in severe weather conditions on key roads, alleviate traffic congestion, and improve operational efficiency. Deepen the application of the electronic toll collection system (ETC) on expressways, and build a smart road network platform that integrates monitoring, dispatching, control, emergency response, and services. Promote the intelligentization of highway construction and maintenance. Promote the construction of smart highway service areas. Promote the Coordinated Application of 5G and Other Technological Innovations. In line with the national information infrastructure layout and guided by practical applications, steadily advance the integrated development of 5G and other communication facilities with transportation infrastructure. Promote the coordinated development of the Internet of Vehicles and the Internet of Ships, and accelerate the application of wireless communication technologies for vehicles. Promote the intelligent operation and management of smart public transportation and urban rail transit, and enhance the flexible operation capacity of public transportation. Promote the comprehensive application of urban transportation big data, realize the integration of information and comprehensive services. | x | x | |||
| New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035) | 2021 | Guide cross-domain cooperation in automobiles, energy, transportation, and information communication. Establish an innovation platform for the integration of new energy vehicles with smart energy and intelligent transportation oriented towards future mobility. Jointly tackle basic cross-cutting key technologies and enhance the integrated innovation capabilities of new energy vehicles and related industries. Apply virtual reality, big data, artificial intelligence, and other technologies to establish virtual simulation and testing and verification platforms for vehicle electrification, networking, and intelligence. Enhance the measurement and testing, performance evaluation, and testing and certification capabilities of complete vehicles and key components. Develop "Internet+" efficient logistics, innovate intelligent logistics operation models, promote the application of new models such as online freight transport and trailer sharing, and create a new form of safe and efficient logistics transportation services. Promote efficient collaboration of "people-vehicle-road-cloud" linked by data. Based on information from vehicle perception, traffic control, urban management, etc., build a multi-layer data fusion and computing platform for "people-vehicle-road-cloud." Carry out demonstration applications in specific scenarios, regions, and roads to promote innovation in integrated application services for new energy vehicles and information communication. Promote the construction of next-generation wireless communication networks, and accelerate the formulation of standards and technological upgrades for Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X) based on cellular communication technology. Promote the digital transformation and upgrading of road infrastructure such as traffic signs and markings. Strengthen the intelligent interconnection between traffic signals, traffic signs and markings, communication facilities, intelligent roadside equipment, and in-vehicle terminals. Promote the formulation of relevant standards and the construction of management platforms for the intelligent construction and renovation of urban road infrastructure. Accelerate the construction of differential base stations and promote the application of Beidou and other satellite navigation systems in high-precision positioning. | x | ||||
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | Intelligent and advanced. The digitization of all elements and the entire cycle of the national comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network infrastructure has been basically realized. A ubiquitous and advanced transportation information infrastructure has been basically built, and Beidou spatio-temporal information services and transportation perception have been fully covered. The technologies of smart trains, smart connected vehicles (smart cars, automatic driving, vehicle-road collaboration), intelligent general aviation aircraft, smart ships and postal express facilities have reached the world's advanced level. Promote the integrated development of the transportation infrastructure network and the information network. Strengthen the coordinated layout and coordinated construction of transportation infrastructure and information infrastructure, promote the deployment and application of the Internet of Vehicles, strengthen the coordination with the construction of new infrastructure, and strengthen the cross-industry coordination of standards related to transportation tools, communications, intelligent transportation, and traffic management. Promote the integrated development of the transportation infrastructure network and the transportation service network. Promote the organic connection of infrastructure, equipment, standards, information and management, and improve the intelligent level of dynamic operation management services of the transportation network. Improve the security protection system of key information infrastructure. Improve the security protection capabilities of important integrated infrastructure such as vehicle networks and ship networks, strengthen the security protection of transportation information systems, strengthen key technology innovation, and enhance independent control capabilities. Improve the level of smart development. Accelerate the improvement of transportation technology innovation capabilities and promote the digitalization and networking of transportation infrastructure. Promote the application of satellite communication technology, new generation communication technology, high-resolution remote sensing satellites, artificial intelligence and other industries, create a full-coverage, replaceable and safe industry Beidou high-precision basic service network, and promote the large-scale application of industry Beidou terminals. Promote the coordinated development of intelligent connected vehicles and smart cities, build a fusion perception system for urban roads, buildings, and public facilities, and create a smart travel platform based on the urban information model platform that integrates dynamic and static urban data. | x | x | x | x | |
| 14th Five Year Plan for the Construction of Modern Logistics System | 2020 | Accelerate the development of smart logistics, actively apply modern information technology and intelligent equipment, and improve the level of logistics automation, unmanned and intelligent. Promote the coverage of mobile communication networks for transportation infrastructure, and accelerate the digital transformation and networking development of transportation infrastructure such as railways, highways, ports and shipping, and airports. Promote the construction of smart highways and smart railways in an orderly manner, and study and promote the construction of urban underground freight systems in areas with conditions. Comprehensively promote the construction of smart shipping, build smart ports, and improve the efficiency of port loading and unloading, transfer, and dispatching. Promote the construction of smart airports, carry out pilot projects for electronic cargo transportation in areas with conditions, and study and deploy large drone take-off and landing points to serve regional circulation. Promote the construction of a comprehensive transportation information platform. Strengthen the application of intelligent technologies in transportation. Promote transportation enterprises to accelerate the popularization and application of digital and automated terminal equipment, improve the intelligence level of the entire process of ordering, transportation, warehousing, and distribution, and gradually realize the full perception of cargo transportation at important nodes such as industrial parks, ports, airports, railway stations, and highway entrances and exits. | x | x | x | x | |
| Intellegent Automobile innovation and development strategy | 2020 | Promote the planning and construction of intelligent road infrastructure. Formulate an intelligent transportation development plan, build smart roads and a new generation of national traffic control network. Promote the informatization, intelligence and standardization of road infrastructure in stages and regions. Combine 5G commercial deployment to promote the coordinated construction of 5G and Internet of Vehicles. Unify communication interfaces and protocols to promote the interconnection of information such as road infrastructure, smart cars, operation services, traffic safety management systems, and traffic management and command systems. Build a widely covered wireless communication network for vehicles. Conduct research on licenses for the use of dedicated spectrum for wireless communication for vehicles, and rapidly promote the construction of wireless communication networks for vehicles. Coordinate the deployment of public mobile communication networks, establish a new generation of wireless communication networks for vehicles in key areas and key sections, and provide wireless communication and edge computing services with ultra-low latency, ultra-high reliability, and ultra-large bandwidth. Deploy narrowband Internet of Things in transportation facilities such as bridges, tunnels, and parking lots, and establish information databases and multi-dimensional monitoring facilities. Build a nationwide high-precision space-time reference service capability for vehicles. Make full use of the existing Beidou satellite navigation and positioning reference station network to promote the construction of a unified high-precision space-time reference service capability across the country. Strengthen the integration of navigation and communication systems and build a multi-source navigation platform. Promote the interconnection of Beidou communication services and mobile communication networks and establish a vehicle emergency system. Improve the auxiliary Beidou system and provide fast auxiliary positioning services. Build a road traffic geographic information system covering the national road network. Develop a standard unified basic map for intellegent vehicles, establish and improve a geographic information system that includes road network information, and provide real-time dynamic data services. Create and optimize the model and structure of the basic map information library for smart cars. Promote the establishment of a sharing mechanism for basic map data and satellite remote sensing image data for smart cars. Build a fast dynamic update and online service system for the road traffic geographic information system. Improve the security management linkage mechanism. Strictly implement national cybersecurity laws and regulations and level protection, improve the smart car network security management system, establish a security responsibility system, establish risk assessment, level assessment, monitoring and early warning, emergency response and other mechanisms, and conduct regular network security supervision and inspection. Improve network security protection capabilities. Build a security protection system, strengthen security and reliability design, carry out security testing, and strengthen security management such as remote software updates and monitoring services. Implement unified identity and authority authentication management. Establish a Beidou system anti-interference and anti-deception security protection system. Improve emergency response capabilities. | x | ||||
| Outline for the Development of Inland Waterway Transport | 2020 | Gradually promote the research and construction of a new generation of automated terminals. Conduct research and application of port cargo collection and distribution equipment such as autonomous driving container trucks, rail platforms, and large drones under the end-network-cloud architecture. Conduct research on core technologies of intelligent shipping with the goal of ship autonomous driving, intelligent organization, and coordinated dispatching. | x | ||||
| Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Nation | 2019 | Strengthen the research and development of intelligent connected vehicles (smart cars, autonomous driving, and vehicle-road collaboration) to form an independent and controllable complete industrial chain. Widely apply new equipment and facilities such as intelligent high-speed rail, intelligent roads, intelligent shipping, automated docks, digital pipe networks, intelligent warehousing and sorting systems, and develop a new generation of intelligent transportation management systems. Vigorously develop smart transportation. Promote the deep integration of new technologies such as big data, the Internet, artificial intelligence, blockchain, and supercomputing with the transportation industry. Promote data resources to empower transportation development, accelerate the integrated development of transportation infrastructure networks, transportation service networks, energy networks, and information networks, and build ubiquitous and advanced transportation information infrastructure. Build a comprehensive transportation big data center system to deepen the development of transportation public services and e-government. Promote the application of the Beidou satellite navigation system. Vigorously develop smart transportation. Promote the deep integration of new technologies such as big data, the Internet, artificial intelligence, blockchain, and supercomputing with the transportation industry. Promote data resources to empower transportation development, accelerate the integrated development of transportation infrastructure networks, transportation service networks, energy networks, and information networks, and build ubiquitous and advanced transportation information infrastructure. Build a comprehensive transportation big data center system to deepen the development of transportation public services and e-government. Promote the application of the Beidou satellite navigation system. | x | ||||
| Mid- to Long-term Development Plan for the Automotive Industry | 2017 | Complete the integrated intelligent transformation of R&D design, manufacturing, logistics distribution, marketing, and customer service, realize the intelligent interconnection and data sharing of people, vehicles, and environmental facilities, and form a new intelligent ecological system that integrates the development of automobiles with new generation information technology, intelligent transportation, energy, and environmental protection. Increase efforts to tackle key technologies for intelligent connected vehicles. Give full play to the role of the Intelligent Connected Vehicle Alliance, the Automotive Industry Joint Fund, etc., continuously improve cross-industry collaborative innovation mechanisms, focus on overcoming core key technologies such as environmental perception, intelligent decision-making, and collaborative control, and promote the research and development and industrial application of sensors, vehicle-mounted terminals, operating systems, etc. Research and determine the communication frequency of country's intelligent connected vehicles, issue relevant protocol standards, standardize the data interaction format and protocol between vehicles and platforms, and formulate relevant technical standards such as interfaces between on-board intelligent devices and vehicles, and vehicle network security. Promote the ubiquitous interconnection of intelligent vehicles with the surrounding environment and facilities, realize resource integration and open data sharing under the premise of ensuring safety, and promote the construction of broadband network infrastructure and the joint construction of intelligent connected vehicle big data interaction platforms by multiple industries. Carry out demonstration and promotion of intelligent connected vehicles. Introduce a testing and evaluation system, promote the application demonstration of intelligent connected vehicles in stages and steps, and steadily expand the scope of the pilot. Build a testing and verification environment and corresponding data collection and analysis, management and monitoring platforms in the demonstration area, focus on the demonstration and evaluation of intelligent connected vehicle product performance verification, establish an information exchange and coordination mechanism between intelligent connected vehicles and the Internet, Internet of Things, intelligent transportation networks, smart grids and smart cities, and explore an innovative development model of intelligent connected vehicles that is suitable for China's national conditions and multi-field linkage. Accelerate the construction of the legal and regulatory system for intelligent connected vehicles, and clarify the legal requirements such as the definition of the main body of safety responsibility and network security protection. With the deep integration of the Internet and the automobile industry as the direction, we will accelerate the advancement of intelligent manufacturing, promote the diversification of travel services, promote the green development of the automobile product life cycle, and build a new smart ecological system with ubiquitous interconnection, collaborative efficiency, dynamic perception, and intelligent decision-making. -Vigorously promote intelligent manufacturing. -Accelerate the development of the automotive aftermarket and service industry. -Promote green development throughout the life cycle. | x |
International cooperation
| Opinions on Promoting Green Development in the Joint Construction of the Belt and Road Initiative | 2022 | Strengthen international cooperation in the field of green transportation and help countries participating in the Belt and Road Initiative develop green transportation. |
Investment volume for transport
| China's Rural Roads in the New Era | 2024 | Over the past decade, a cumulative investment of RMB4.3 trillion has been made in rural road fixed assets, and RMB1.1 trillion has been invested in maintenance, with approximately 80 percent of the total funding in either category coming from the government. The central government contributes RMB8.9 billion annually in subsidies for rural passenger transport. Over the past decade, approximately RMB800 billion in credit funds from various financial institutions have been allocated to rural road development nationwide. | x |
Involvement of subnational government for transport activities
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Integrated Development of Transportation and Energy | 2025 | Promote local governments to optimize and improve their annual clean energy development plans, and support clean energy development projects for transportation infrastructure in terms of planning goals, project entry, and grid connection. | |||||
| Action Plan to Effectively Reduce Logistics Costs in the Whole Society | 2024 | Strengthen the governance of local protectionism, unfair competition and other behaviors. | |||||
| Implementation Plan for Innovative Application of General Aviation Equipment (2024-2030) | 2024 | Encourage qualified regions to accurately guide various types of factor resources such as technology, capital, and talents to effectively gather in general aviation manufacturing enterprises. | x | ||||
| Implementation Plan for Promoting Low-Carbon Development in the Railway Industry | 2024 | All provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government) should speed up the implementation of environmental pollution control work for highway coal transportation, formulate implementation measures to strengthen the control of highway overload and over-limit, and increase the proportion of medium and long-distance railway transportation of coal. | x | x | |||
| Implementation Rules for Subsidies for New Energy Urban Public Buses and Power Battery Renewal | 2024 | Local governments shall formulate local subsidy standards based on the subsidy funds arranged by the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Transport and the performance targets issued. | x | x | |||
| Notice on Supporting and Guiding the Digital Transformation and Upgrading of Road and Waterway Transportation Infrastructure | 2024 | Local work leadership mechanism. Local transportation departments and financial departments at all levels should fully recognize the importance of carrying out digital transformation and upgrading of transportation infrastructure, incorporate this work into the key work of implementing the strategy of building a strong transportation country and the national comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network planning, and attach great importance to it. Relevant provincial departments should establish a local work leadership mechanism, fully mobilize resources from all parties to provide support, strengthen supervision and guidance throughout the process, ensure the standardized use of funds, and achieve practical results. | |||||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Establish a law enforcement linkage mechanism between the national postal bureau and local bureaus and between local bureaus, and improve the cross-regional law enforcement cooperation and illegal case reporting and investigation system. | |||||
| Guiding Opinions on Further Building a High-Quality Charging Infrastructure System | 2023 | Adhere to government guidance and market operation, encourage the construction of charging infrastructure supervision and operation service platforms based on provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government), and strive to strengthen the interconnection and interoperability of provincial platforms. Strengthen organizational leadership, and the main responsibility of local governments to coordinate and promote the development of charging infrastructure. Local governments at all levels should further strengthen the guarantee of charging infrastructure development factors, meet the development needs of charging infrastructure and supporting power grid construction land, corridor space, etc., and study and provide financial support according to local conditions. Local governments are encouraged to establish operating subsidy standards linked to service quality, increase subsidies for demonstration projects such as high-power charging and vehicle-grid interaction, and support the construction of qualified charging infrastructure projects through local government special bonds. | x | ||||
| The People's Republicof ChinaThird Biennial Update Reporton Climate Change | 2023 | A dual control system of total energy consumption and energy intensity is in place. China sets the targets of total energy consumption and energy intensity for different provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government and applies oversight and checks over the performance of local governments at all levels. | |||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Under the unified leadership of the local people's government, the provincial-level transportation authorities should study and plan the development of comprehensive transportation services in their regions during the 14th Five-Year Plan period in accordance with the goals and tasks set out in this plan, further clarify the division of tasks, implement work responsibilities, set annual targets for key indicators, strengthen dynamic tracking and analysis of the implementation of the plan and performance evaluation, and promote the effective implementation of the plan. | |||||
| Implementation Plan for New Urbanization in the 14th Five-Year Plan | 2022 | Formulate and implement the Metropolitan Area development plan and special plans for key areas, and establish and improve a mechanism for promoting the integration of cities with provincial coordination, central cities leading, and surrounding cities coordinating. | x | ||||
| National Highway Network Plan | 2022 | When planning and constructing provincial road networks, all provinces (autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government) should strengthen the connection with this plan, coordinate the coordinated development of road networks at all levels, and reasonably determine the planning goals, construction scale, and construction timing. | x | ||||
| New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035) | 2021 | Break down local protectionism and establish a unified, open, and fair market system. Encourage local governments to increase support for vehicle operations in fields such as public services and shared mobility, and grant preferential policies for new energy vehicle parking, charging, etc. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Green Mobility | 2020 | Local transportation authorities at all levels should, under the unified leadership of local party committees and governments, strengthen collaboration and linkage with relevant departments and units, increase guidance, coordination and support for green travel creation actions, and provide strong guarantees for the implementation of green travel creation actions. | |||||
| The People's Republic of China Second Biennial Update Report on Climate Change | 2018 | Require each province (autonomous region, municipality) to include large drop of carbon emission intensity into their economic and social development plans, annual plans and government work reports. |
LPG/ CNG/ LNG
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Integrated Development of Transportation and Energy | 2025 | Actively promote the application of clean energy such as electricity, liquefied natural gas (LNG), biodiesel, green alcohol, green ammonia, and green hydrogen on ships. Continue to improve the green fuel supply capacity for transportation. Accelerate the breakthrough of green fuel production technology bottlenecks and gradually improve the efficiency of green fuel preparation. Promote the construction of a number of green fuel production bases and accelerate the improvement of liquefied natural gas (LNG), biodiesel, green alcohol, green ammonia, hydrogen energy, bio-jet fuel and other supply capabilities. | x | ||||
| Opinions on promoting high-quality development of inland waterway transportation | 2025 | Actively promote the application of LNG and methanol power technology in medium and large ships and medium and long-distance transportation scenarios, and explore and promote the application of hydrogen fuel cell power technology. Accelerate the application of green and low-carbon technology in ports, promote the use of new energy and clean energy such as green electricity, hydrogen, LNG and other new energy and clean energy in port machinery and port transportation equipment, encourage the development of distributed energy, and build inland river near-zero carbon terminals. | x | ||||
| Action plan to promote large-scale equipment renewals and consumer product trade-ins | 2024 | gradually expand the application scope of new energy ships such as electric, liquefied natural gas powered, biodiesel powered, and green methanol powered. | x | ||||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Promote the application of oil-electric hybrid, liquefied natural gas, hydrogen fuel, ammonia fuel, methanol power and pure electric ships. | x | ||||
| Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the High-Quality Development of Modern Shipping Services | 2023 | Strengthen the guarantee of shipping talents. Optimize the crew education and training system and examination system, and strengthen the training of crew members in new energy and new business forms such as LNG. | x | ||||
| The People's Republicof China Fourth National Communication on Climate Change | 2023 | A policy has been rolled out to prioritize LNG-power ships in passing through ship locks at the Three Gorges Dam, aimedat advancing the application of LNG. | x | ||||
| The People's Republicof ChinaThird Biennial Update Reporton Climate Change | 2023 | It is actively improving its public transportation system with various facilitationmeasures for the development of multi-modal transport, railway electrification, liquidnatural gas (LNG)-fueled vehicles and ships, energy-efficient and new-energyvehicles, electric vehicle charging and hydrogen refueling infrastructure, shore power supply for ships and aircrafts, as well as compelled natural gas (CNG) and LNGdispensers. | x | x | |||
| China's Green Development in the New Era | 2023 | It has made the use of natural gas more efficient in urban areas, as well as in industrial fuel, power generation, and transport. | |||||
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | Explore the construction of an inland waterway green shipping integrated service area that integrates shore power, ship charging, pollutant reception, LNG bunkering and other services Deepen the promotion and application of inland LNG-powered ships, support the development of coastal and ocean-going LNG-powered ships, guide the implementation of the layout plan of the Yangtze River trunk line, Xijiang shipping trunk line, and Beijing-Hangzhou Canal LNG refueling terminals, promote the acceleration of the construction of inland ship LNG refueling stations, and promote the construction of coastal ship LNG refueling facilities. Build a market-oriented green technology innovation system to support application research on new energy transportation equipment and facilities, hydrogen fuel vehicles and ships, LNG and biomass fuel ships, etc. | x | X | |||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Water Transport | 2021 | Shipping companies will be encouraged to increase investment in scientific research and promote the development of intelligent ships. Coordinate and promote key core technology research, including the manufacturing of high-power LNG engines and low-speed high-power diesel engines, and the design and construction of high-tech ships such as large cruise ships and LNG transport vessels. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan on Modern Energy System Planning | 2021 | Encourage the use of clean fuels such as LNG as an alternative in heavy-duty trucks and ships, and strengthen the supply of clean energy in the transportation industry. | x | x | |||
| Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030 ('1+N') | 2021 | We will boost construction of infrastructure such as charging piles, supporting power grids, and natural gas and hydrogen fueling stations through an orderly approach to improve public transport infrastructure in urban areas. | x | x | |||
| China's Mid-Century Long-Term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development Strategy | 2021 | Increase the application of renewable energy such as solar energy, wind energy and geothermal energy in transportation infrastructure, accelerate the improvement of the LNG and hydrogen energy supply (filling) system, and focus on solving the problems of difficult approval, construction, and operation of marine LNG refueling stations. | x | ||||
| Outline for the Development of Inland Waterway Transport | 2020 | Vigorously develop specialized ships such as container, LNG, commercial vehicle roll-on/roll-off, and chemical transport, and actively develop closed bulk carriers. Increase the promotion and application of new energy and clean energy. Promote LNG energy-saving and environmentally friendly ships, explore the development of pure electric, fuel cell and other power ships, and study and promote the application of solar energy, wind energy, hydrogen energy and other industries. | x |
Land use - General
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Integrated Development of Transportation and Energy | 2025 | Strengthen the guarantee of land and sea resources, and encourage the use of unused land and stock land around transportation infrastructure to develop clean energy on the premise of complying with the requirements of national land space planning and ecological and environmental protection. | |||||
| Action Plan for Reducing Costs, Improving Quality and Increasing Efficiency of Transportation and Logistics | 2024 | Increase the supply of land and sea resources for transportation and logistics. Strengthen the guarantee of land, sea and island elements for key projects such as logistics channels, comprehensive hubs, railway dedicated lines, ports and terminals. Support the supply of land for transportation and warehousing logistics in the form of long-term lease or lease-before-sale or lease-and-sale combination. Support the planning and construction of expressway transit freight stations and logistics centers near qualified expressway entrances and exits. | x | x | x | ||
| Action Plan to Effectively Reduce Logistics Costs in the Whole Society | 2024 | Strengthen the guarantee of logistics warehousing land. Increase support for logistics warehousing land elements. Ensure the reasonable demand for land, sea and shoreline for major logistics infrastructure and logistics warehousing facilities projects in national logistics hubs, national logistics hub economic zones, airport economic zones, port economic zones, etc. in accordance with laws and regulations. Support enterprises that use existing land to upgrade logistics infrastructure in accordance with regulations. Promote the layered and three-dimensional development of land for railway logistics stations and facilities, and improve relevant supporting management systems. | |||||
| Implementation Plan for Innovative Application of General Aviation Equipment (2024-2030) | 2024 | Local governments are encouraged to incorporate low-altitude infrastructure into urban construction plans and strengthen connections with urban transportation systems. Support is provided to explore and promote the construction of take-off and landing points on rooftops, on the ground, on water and other scenarios, improve navigation positioning, communications, meteorology, charging and other functional services, and form a multi-scenario, multi-subject, multi-level take-off and landing point network. It is encouraged to reserve low-altitude infrastructure for new residential and commercial buildings. | x | x | |||
| Opinions on Strengthening the Planning and Construction of Coastal and Inland Ports and Waterways in the New Era | 2024 | Strengthen the coordinated planning and functional support between ports and surrounding industrial and logistics parks, enhance productive support, and support the development of port-related industries, logistics, and shipping services. Study the establishment of spatial buffer zones and functional coordination zones at the port-city interface, and encourage the development of port collection and distribution systems that are appropriately separated from urban transportation. In conjunction with regional land and space planning, promote the orderly exit and renovation of older port areas, and actively plan their transformation and development. | |||||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Improve the urban public transportation laws and policies system, and promote the introduction of comprehensive development policies for urban public transportation land. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Promote the integration of comprehensive passenger transport hubs and cities, explore the establishment of a hub development benefit sharing mechanism, promote unified planning and comprehensive development of hubs and surrounding areas, strengthen development timing coordination, and share service functions. For comprehensive passenger transport hubs with large potential transfer demand, make good land and space reservations for connecting passage. Promote the coordinated development of transportation and other infrastructure, and create a composite infrastructure corridor. Coordinate and intensively utilize the resources of comprehensive transportation corridors, bridges, land, coastlines, etc., and improve the comprehensive utilization rate of land space. Promote scientific line selection and site selection, promote land-saving technologies, strengthen soil erosion prevention and ecological protection design, give priority to avoiding land spaces with important ecological functions or sensitive and fragile ecological environments, and try to avoid areas with concentrated noise-sensitive buildings. | x | ||||
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | Strengthen the guiding and restraining role of national land space planning on the planning and construction of transportation infrastructure, and promote the formation of a comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network that is coordinated with the ecological protection red line and adapted to the carrying capacity of resources and the environment. Further strengthen the environmental impact assessment of transportation infrastructure planning and construction projects to ensure that planning implementation is consistent with ecological protection requirements. Strengthen the ecological route and site selection of transportation construction projects, integrate ecological and environmental protection concepts into the entire process of transportation infrastructure planning, construction, operation and maintenance, and reasonably avoid land spaces with important ecological functions. Strengthen the ecological and environmental protection of highways, do a good job in protecting native vegetation and restoring near-natural ecology, building animal passages, and connecting wetland water systems, so as to reduce the impact of new, modified (expansion) projects on important ecosystems and protected species. | |||||
| Implementation Opinions on Further Improving the Service Capabilities of Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure | 2022 | Priority should be given to the use of land resources such as existing parking lots, and public charging stations built by the supply of new land should be strengthened. Contents involving layout, land use and use control should be well connected with relevant plans. | |||||
| National Highway Network Plan | 2022 | The national highway network effectively avoids ecological protection areas and environmentally sensitive areas, significantly improves the efficiency of land space utilization, and basically achieves greening of the entire process and cycle of construction. Strengthen the prevention and control of water pollution, avoid occupying river and lake space as much as possible, especially drinking water source protection areas. If occupied, a "closed" drainage and water treatment system must be adopted, and sewage treatment in service areas during highway construction and operation periods must be strengthened. If conditions permit, it should be included in the urban sewage pipeline network. Strengthen resource conservation and intensive utilization, make full use of transportation corridor resources, adopt advanced land-saving technologies and models, improve the comprehensive utilization rate of land for transportation infrastructure, and try not to occupy or occupy less cultivated land and basic farmland. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Modern Transport Hub System | 2021 | Strengthen the connection between hub cities and surrounding industrial bases, cargo sources, and port nodes to create conditions for the surrounding areas to quickly access the international transportation network. | x | x | x | ||
| Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030 ('1+N') | 2021 | We will carry out green and low-carbon transformation of transport infrastructure, and make utilization of infrastructure more efficient by coordinating the use of route, land, and airspace resources in comprehensive transportation corridors and integrating resources such as waterfront and anchorage. | x | x | x | x | |
| Opinions on Further Improving the Work of Railway Planning and Construction | 2021 | Learn from the urban rail transit development model and strengthen the comprehensive development of land. The use of existing developable land can be changed in accordance with laws and regulations, and it can be accelerated through transfer, leasing, etc. New railway comprehensive development land should follow the national spatial planning, and be planned, constructed and managed in a coordinated manner with urban construction. | x | X | |||
| Promote the development of multimodal transport, optimize and adjust the transport structure Work Program (2021-2025) | 2021 | Increase support for land use for projects such as national logistics hubs, comprehensive freight hubs, transit and distribution bases, dedicated railway lines, and closed belt corridors. Prioritize the allocation of new construction land indicators, improve the degree of land use complexity, and revitalize idle transportation land resources. | x | X | |||
| Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Nation | 2019 | Strengthen the efficient and intensive use of resources such as land, sea areas, uninhabited islands, coastlines, and airspace, and improve the efficiency of land, sea, and island use. Strengthen the protection and restoration of the ecological environment in transportation. Strictly observe the ecological protection red line, strictly implement ecological protection and soil and water conservation measures, strictly implement ecological restoration, geological environment governance and restoration, and land reclamation, and integrate the concept of ecological environmental protection into the entire process of transportation infrastructure planning, construction, operation and maintenance. Promote ecological line selection and site selection, strengthen ecological environmental protection design, and avoid land space with important ecological functions such as cultivated land, forest land, and wetlands. Build green transportation corridors. | |||||
| The General Office of the State Council on further strengthening Opinions on Urban Rail Transit Planning and Construction Management | 2018 | Based on the city master plan, land use master plan, and urban integrated transportation system plan, the city government shall rationally formulate the urban rail transit network plan, determine the urban rail transit construction lines in the near future, strengthen the coverage of residential areas, commercial areas, transportation hubs and other areas with dense passenger flow, and do a good job in reserving and controlling the land along the planned urban rail transit lines to prevent other construction from encroaching on the urban rail transit corridor space. It is necessary to strengthen the innovative application of land-saving technologies and models, encourage the exploration of comprehensive development and utilization of above-ground and underground space of urban rail transit, promote the multifunctional three-dimensional development and compound utilization of construction land, and improve the efficiency of space utilization and the level of land conservation and intensive use. | x | x | |||
| Highway Safety Protection Act | 2010 | Any organizations or individuals cannot destroy, damage, illegally occupy or illegally use roads, road land and road ancillary facilities. The local people's governments at or above the county level shall organize the transportation, land and resources and other departments to define the scope of highway construction control zones based on the principles of ensuring highway operation safety and saving land and the needs of highway development. For expressways, the scope of the highway construction control zone shall be no less than 30 meters from the outer edge of the highway land. The scope of the building control zone on the inside of highway curves, interchanges and level crossings is determined based on requirements such as safe sight distance. Buildings, ground structures and other facilities constructed outside the highway construction control area shall not block highway signs or obstruct safe sight distance. | x |
Logistics customs and border procedures
| Guiding Opinions on the Construction of Smart Ports | 2024 | Promote the digitization of cross-border trade. Explore smart matchmaking, smart contracts, and cross-border payments using the digital RMB to facilitate online cross-border transactions. | x | x | x |
Logistics digitalization and technology
| Opinions on promoting high-quality development of inland waterway transportation | 2025 | Orderly develop inland waterway online freight platforms that integrate ship-cargo matching transactions, intermodal services and other functions to promote the intensive and large-scale development of transportation. | x | ||||
| 2024 Work Plan for Five People's Livelihood Matters, including Expansion, Improvement and Efficiency of Accessible Transportation Services for the Elderly | 2024 | Organize and carry out the "Safety Watch" action for truck drivers, and flexibly adopt measures such as purchasing insurance, "advance payment", and strengthening video surveillance in service areas to improve the parking and rest environment for truck drivers in highway service areas; by sharing vehicle dynamic operation data with truck drivers' families, truck drivers' families can understand the driving status of their vehicles in real time, strengthen family supervision of drivers' safe driving, promptly remind and correct unsafe driving behaviors, improve the safety level of truck driving, protect drivers' lives, and promote safe, healthy, stable and high-quality development of the road freight industry. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Large-Scale Equipment Renewal in Transportation | 2024 | By 2028, intelligent security inspection equipment for mail and express parcels has been widely promoted and used, and security inspection capabilities in the delivery field have been greatly improved. | |||||
| Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Integration of Passenger, Freight and Postal Services in Rural Areas | 2024 | Encourage county-level stations to apply automated sorting, loading, and transportation equipment, accelerate the application of intelligent scanning terminals, intelligent mailboxes, and intelligent express lockers at county, township, and village stations, and improve the efficiency of sorting, transportation, delivery, and dispatch services. Encourage enterprises to promote the application of barcodes, radio frequency identification, and electronic waybills in the delivery of mail and express parcels. Strengthen information interconnection and interoperability. Strengthen the construction of rural passenger, freight and mail informationization, and guide rural passenger transport, freight logistics, postal and express delivery companies to strengthen data sharing. Realize the collection of key data such as rural passenger vehicle schedules, operating routes, passing stations, departure times, rural freight logistics and postal express waybills at the county level. Strengthen the comprehensive use of data to provide the public with "one-stop" services such as travel ticket purchase, mailing orders, logistics tracking, complaint feedback, etc. Strengthen the information security management of rural passenger, freight and mail, and strictly prevent the leakage of personal information. | |||||
| Guiding Opinions on the Construction of Smart Ports | 2024 | Promote the digitization of cross-border trade. Accelerate the digitization of shipping trade and facilitate door-to-door international logistics services. | x | x | x | ||
| Implementation Plan for Innovative Application of General Aviation Equipment (2024-2030) | 2024 | In emerging application fields such as unmanned logistics and urban air traffic, encourage leading enterprises to explore and form a business model that integrates product development, scenario construction, and demonstration operations. | x | x | |||
| Opinions on strengthening the clean and efficient use of coal | 2024 | Accelerate the application of advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things and mobile Internet in the field of coal logistics, and promote the standardization of coal logistics. | x | ||||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Improve the management system and standard system of new forms of Internet road freight business and standardize business operations. Promote the construction of smart postal services, promote the application of "three intelligences and one code", improve the smart infrastructure such as mail express sorting, warehousing, and distribution, and the information infrastructure of the postal big data center, build a number of smart outlets, and support the promotion of autonomous vehicles, drone transportation and delivery, and unmanned warehouse construction. | x | x | |||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Promote the integrated development of Internet + freight logistics. Improve the network freight management system, study the inclusion of transaction matching freight platforms into industry supervision, study and formulate network freight business service standards, and strengthen market operation monitoring. Guide the standardized and healthy development of new forms of network freight. Vigorously develop "Internet +" efficient logistics and innovate smart logistics operation models. Develop shared logistics modes such as "cloud warehouses". | x | x | x | x | |
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation | 2022 | Promote the development of intelligent logistics, break through key technologies such as intelligent warehousing and transportation, intelligent sorting and loading and unloading, intelligent security inspection, intelligent carrier units, and intelligent integration of rural postal and delivery, and promote the application of automated stereoscopic warehouses, guided transport vehicles and other equipment and facilities. Develop intelligent equipment for universal services in postal outlets, build a new generation of postal digital maps, and promote research and application of technologies such as digital management of warehouse inventory, automatic matching of vehicles and cargo, and intelligent scheduling of park equipment. Key technologies for economical and efficient smart logistics. Promote the development of intelligent logistics, break through key technologies such as intelligent warehousing and transportation, intelligent sorting and loading and unloading, intelligent security inspection, intelligent carrier units, and intelligent integration of rural postal and delivery, and promote the application of automated stereoscopic warehouses, guided transport vehicles and other equipment and facilities. | x | x | x | x | |
| 14th Five Year Plan for Aviation Logistics | 2022 | Promote the electronicization of freight. Summarize and promote the experience of Zhengzhou Airport's electronic freight pilot, encourage the airport to build an electronic freight platform, promote airlines and freight forwarding companies to use electronic waybills and online logistics services, promote information sharing, standard unification and mutual recognition of security checks, and realize “single-document system” for cargo transportation. Strengthen the application of aviation logistics information tracking technology to achieve "visible, measurable, controllable, responsive and traceable" cargo. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Accelerate the promotion of the "one bill system" for multimodal transport, innovate standards and specifications for mutual recognition of waybills, promote information exchange of international freight documents, explore international railway electronic bills of lading, and gradually popularize electronic waybills for multimodal transport of containers. Accelerate the sharing of multimodal transport information and strengthen the connection of standards and rules for different modes of transport. Deeply promote drop-and-hook transport, and innovate models such as truck leasing, trailer sharing, and customized services. Promote the sharing and use of containers, standardized pallets, turnover boxes (baskets), etc. among different modes of transport, improve the efficiency of multimodal transport transshipment, and develop unitized logistics. Promote unmanned vehicles and drones for transportation and delivery, and steadily develop contactless delivery services. Improve the capacity integration capabilities of the logistics information platform, strengthen smart cloud supply chain management and smart logistics big data applications, and accurately match supply and demand. Accelerate the development of new models and new formats of "Internet +" efficient logistics. | x | x | |||
| Outline of the Medium- and Long-Term Development Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation (2021-2035) | 2022 | Promote the development of multi-standard and multi-habitat smart logistics, carry out technical research on multimodal intelligent coordination and integration, intelligent perception and interconnection, intelligent monitoring and analysis and evaluation, intelligent dispatching and integrated control of large logistics hubs, and emergency response and disposal of logistics systems, develop and apply technologies and equipment such as intelligent warehousing and rapid loading and unloading, intelligent sorting and delivery, intelligent rapid security inspection and voice processing, and universal delivery coding, promote the research and development of monitoring and analysis technologies in the road freight industry, build a national multimodal public information platform, and realize the visualization, controllability, and traceability of the entire logistics process. | |||||
| "14th Five-Year" Civil Aviation Development Plan | 2021 | Electronic freight documentation rate (%): 2020: –; 2025: 80; | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Highways | 2021 | Develop efficient "Internet Plus" logistics, innovate smart logistics operation models, and encourage and support the development of shared models such as public "capacity pools," joint distribution, and cloud warehousing. | x | x | x | x | |
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Modern Transport Hub System | 2021 | Promote the construction of intelligent warehousing and distribution, digital platforms and other facilities in comprehensive freight hubs, and actively apply advanced equipment such as drones, unmanned delivery vehicles, unmanned forklifts, intelligent security inspections, intelligent picking robots, and unmanned smart gates. Promote the application of digital warehousing management, safety production warning, automatic matching of vehicles and goods, and intelligent scheduling. Promote paperless operations in pickup, distribution, warehousing, transshipment, inquiry, insurance and other links. | |||||
| Digital Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2021 | Promote the widespread use of electronic freight waybills. Accelerate the implementation of electronic waybill management in key areas such as dangerous goods road transport, cold chain logistics, and LTL logistics, promote the sharing and mutual recognition of document information such as railways, highways, waterways, civil aviation, and postal express, promote the interactive sharing of information between e-commerce and urban freight distribution supply chains, and promote the formation of an efficient multimodal transport system with "one waybill to the end". Build and improve automated sorting facilities, unmanned warehousing, autonomous vehicles and drone delivery, smart express boxes, smart letter and parcel boxes, smart cold chain infrastructure, etc. Build and improve information infrastructure such as big data centers. Promote and popularize smart security inspection systems, smart video surveillance systems, smart voice complaint handling systems, and universal delivery address codes. Guided by the goal of "Global 123 Express Logistics Circle", innovate smart logistics operation models, promote cross-mode and cross-regional sharing and mutual recognition of electronic waybills, and promote the development of "Internet + efficient logistics". Promote the widespread use of electronic freight waybills. | x | x | x | ||
| New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035) | 2021 | Promote the in-depth application of intelligent technology in key links of new energy vehicles, such as R&D and design, production and manufacturing, warehousing and logistics, operation and management, and after-sales service. Develop "Internet+" efficient logistics, innovate intelligent logistics operation models, promote the application of new models such as online freight transport and trailer sharing, and create a new form of safe and efficient logistics transportation services. | |||||
| Opinions on Strengthening the Protection of Truck Drivers' Rights and Interests | 2021 | Strengthen the application of big data analysis of complaint and reporting hotlines, and timely optimize and improve management measures for universal, regular, and emerging problems in the field of road freight. Standardize the operation of new forms of online freight transportation. Improve and perfect the management system of Internet road freight platforms such as online freight platforms and freight information transaction matching platforms, establish a joint evaluation mechanism for online service capabilities related to online freight road transport business licenses, strengthen operation monitoring and dynamic management, consolidate the main responsibility of enterprises, and standardize business operations. Strictly investigate and punish Internet road freight platforms that damage the legitimate rights and interests of truck drivers in accordance with the law. | x | ||||
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | Encourage logistics parks, ports, airports, and freight stations to widely use technologies such as the Internet of Things and automation, and promote the application of automated stereoscopic warehouses, guided transport vehicles, and intelligent conveying, sorting, and loading and unloading equipment. | x | x | x | x | |
| Promote the development of multimodal transport, optimize and adjust the transport structure Work Program (2021-2025) | 2021 | Accelerate the research and development of logistics technical equipment such as railway express, air-rail (road) intermodal standard containers (plates). | x | x | x | ||
| Voluntary National Review 2021 - CHN | 2021 | The Internet+ model has profoundly changed the way of mobility. By the end of 2019, ride-hailing services were available in more than 400 cities nationwide, with an average daily use of 20 million times; on average bicycle sharing services were used 45.7 million times a day. Internet applications have changed freight transportation, helping with the handling of 85% of rail freight operations. | x | x | |||
| 14th Five Year Plan for the Construction of Modern Logistics System | 2020 | Innovate the business model of road transport services and promote truck leasing, trailer sharing and customized services. | x | x | x | x | |
| About accelerating the transformation and upgrading of the road freight industry | 2019 | Encourage the integration of electronic road transport certificates and ETC cards for freight vehicles, and accelerate the promotion of non-stop toll collection for trucks. Guide industry associations and enterprise alliances to study and promote trailer exchange standard agreements, and innovate new models such as ordinary truck leasing, trailer sharing, long-distance connection and drop-off, and container unitization. Encourage the regulated development of new 'Internet Plus' business models. Vigorously promote new road freight business models such as non-truck operating carriers, and support road freight enterprises in strengthening information system development to enhance integrated online and offline service capabilities. Accelerate the formulation and implementation of administrative measures for online platform-based road freight transport operations. Establish a coordinated mechanism for the sharing and exchange of freight credit information, and regulate the operations of 'Internet Plus' platforms for vehicle–cargo matching. Investigate and penalize, in accordance with the law, monopolistic practices by platform enterprises that eliminate or restrict competition or infringe on the legitimate rights and interests of truck drivers. Strengthen dynamic operation monitoring. Use big data and other information technology to improve the ability to monitor and analyze the operation of the road freight market. Encourage the regulated development of new 'Internet Plus' business models. Vigorously promote new road freight business models such as non-truck operating carriers, and support road freight enterprises in strengthening information system development to enhance integrated online and offline service capabilities. Accelerate the formulation and implementation of administrative measures for online platform-based road freight transport operations. Establish a coordinated mechanism for the sharing and exchange of freight credit information, and regulate the operations of 'Internet Plus' platforms for vehicle–cargo matching. | x | ||||
| Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Nation | 2019 | Develop "Internet +" efficient logistics and innovate smart logistics operation models. Develop "Internet +" efficient logistics and innovate smart logistics operation models. Actively develop drone (autonomous vehicles) logistics delivery, urban underground logistics distribution, etc. |
Logistics hub
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Integrated Development of Transportation and Energy | 2025 | ccelerate the development and utilization of clean energy in hubs and stations. Take into account the intelligent transformation and upgrading of freight hubs, freight yards, passenger stations, bus parking lots, etc., as well as the energy demand for cold chain transportation, vehicle charging (replacement), and scientifically utilize resources such as factory roofs and land in hubs and stations to develop distributed new energy, encourage transportation hubs and stations to use geothermal energy, air energy and other renewable energy for cooling and heating, and reasonably allocate new energy storage and flexible hydrogen production resources. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Improving Transportation Standards (2024-2027) | 2024 | Develop comprehensive freight hub collection and distribution system planning, multimodal transport service quality and evaluation standards, optimize hub construction and network operation services, improve the overall efficiency and quality of cargo transportation, and enhance connectivity and network resilience. | |||||
| Action Plan for Reducing Costs, Improving Quality and Increasing Efficiency of Transportation and Logistics | 2024 | Support about 30 cities to carry out the construction of national comprehensive freight hubs to supplement and strengthen the chain. Accelerate the improvement of the transportation service guarantee system for bulk materials such as energy, ore, building materials, and grain, and build a number of bulk cargo mixing and unloading transit bases based on major ports, important ports, and railway logistics centers. Accelerate the construction of the China-Europe train assembly center and optimize the China-Europe train operation plan. Support the planning and construction of expressway transit freight stations and logistics centers near qualified expressway entrances and exits. Encourage the expansion of express delivery, sorting and urban distribution services based on urban railway stations, highway passenger stations, and urban bus terminals. | |||||
| Action Plan to Effectively Reduce Logistics Costs in the Whole Society | 2024 | Support the construction of bulk commodity resource allocation hubs in regions with conditions, and support the layout and construction of bulk commodity storage and transportation facilities in coastal inland ports and inland logistics hubs. Promote the improvement of quality and efficiency of international supply chains. Support the construction of international logistics hubs in regions with conditions. Smooth international logistics such as bulk commodities, new energy vehicles, and cold chains. Encourage large industrial and commercial enterprises and backbone logistics enterprises to deepen international logistics cooperation, jointly build and share overseas warehousing and other infrastructure, and improve comprehensive service capabilities such as storage, transportation, circulation and processing. Integrate and enhance the functions of logistics hub facilities. Deeply implement the national logistics hub layout and construction plan, optimize the national logistics hub layout, and systematically promote the construction and function improvement of national logistics hubs. Improve the supporting facilities and collection and distribution system of logistics hub railway dedicated lines, container yards, transshipment stations, highway linking-up road, etc., and build a logistics distribution network with large-scale organization and integrated operation of trunk and branch logistics and warehousing and distribution. Improve the cooperation mechanism between national logistics hubs. Actively and steadily promote the construction of "dual-purpose" public infrastructure, scientifically and intensively plan and build large-scale warehousing and logistics facilities such as suburban warehouse bases, and improve the hierarchical logistics distribution system covering distribution centers and terminal outlets. Study and formulate guidelines for high-quality development of logistics parks. Establish a new mechanism for sharing and sharing rural logistics infrastructure, accelerate the integrated development of rural passenger, freight and mail, and support passenger stations, postal outlets and other places to expand logistics service functions. Deepen the national comprehensive freight hub to supplement and strengthen the chain. Implement the national logistics hub multimodal transport project and improve the full-process service organization capacity. Deepen the integrated development of transportation and logistics, plan and promote the industrial layout and logistics hub construction in an integrated manner, and promote the formation of a complete industrial ecology with nearby supporting facilities for advantageous resources and industries. Support relevant cities to explore the "industrial cluster + logistics hub" coordinated development model. Vigorously develop airport economy and port economy, and build several national logistics hub economic zones based on existing national logistics hubs. Strengthen the guarantee of logistics warehousing land. Increase support for logistics warehousing land elements. Ensure the reasonable demand for land, sea and shoreline for major logistics infrastructure and logistics warehousing facilities projects in national logistics hubs, national logistics hub economic zones, airport economic zones, port economic zones, etc. in accordance with laws and regulations. Support enterprises that use existing land to upgrade logistics infrastructure in accordance with regulations. Promote the layered and three-dimensional development of land for railway logistics stations and facilities, and improve relevant supporting management systems. | x | ||||
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Construction of International Aviation Hubs | 2024 | Steadily promote the construction of professional and comprehensive air cargo hubs. Orderly promote the layout and construction of professional cargo hubs and the construction of comprehensive air hub cargo capacity, support cities with high foreign trade activity to actively develop air cargo based on airports, build air logistics hub clusters, and coordinate the coordinated development of airport cluster cargo capacity. Optimize resource allocation policies, guide flight rights and time slots to professional cargo hubs and airport-type national logistics hubs, and continuously enhance the cargo function of air hubs. | x | ||||
| Opinions on Strengthening the Planning and Construction of Coastal and Inland Ports and Waterways in the New Era | 2024 | We will focus on building world-class port and shipping facilities and a two-way land-sea radiating network, promote efficient linkage and integrated development with port-type national logistics hubs, build global shipping hubs and international logistics centers, and remove bottlenecks in international logistics. We will support international hub ports in taking the lead in serving the joint construction of the Belt and Road Initiative, implementing major regional strategies, building free trade ports (pilot zones), and constructing smart green ports, leading the high-quality transformation and development of ports in the new era. | x | ||||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Support commercial circulation, cross-border e-commerce, cross-border logistics and other enterprises to promote the construction of overseas warehouses and overseas logistics centers with high quality. | |||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Accelerate the transformation of railway peripheral assembly and transfer centers and urban railway station facilities in the surrounding areas of the city, and build a road-rail intermodal distribution system of "external assembly and internal distribution, green intermodal transport". Strengthen the construction of comprehensive freight hubs, improve multimodal transport functions, strengthen the hub port collection and distribution system and intermodal transshipment facilities, and coordinate hub transshipment, ports, bonded, cold chain logistics, postal express and other functions. Encourage express delivery companies to "go overseas together" with advanced manufacturing and technology companies, support express delivery companies to build warehousing and operation centers near the manufacturing industry's overseas production bases, and provide inbound logistics and global sales services. | x | x | |||
| 14th Five Year Plan for Aviation Logistics | 2022 | Support the "aviation logistics enterprise + hub" development model, guide aviation logistics enterprises to set up headquarters or distribution centers based on hub airports with strong cargo functions, create a hub-and-spoke route network, improve various functions such as cargo collection, storage, distribution, and transshipment, optimize logistics organization models, and improve operational efficiency. Encourage domestic enterprises to go overseas in groups, guide diversified investment in building overseas warehouses, and jointly build overseas cargo stations, transshipment centers, overseas economic and trade cooperation zones, etc. Optimize and improve the cargo facilities of comprehensive hub airports such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Zhengzhou, support the construction of airport-type national logistics hubs, postal express hubs, etc., provide fast and efficient domestic and international direct transportation, transit, distribution and other logistics services, and become an important driver for industrial transformation and upgrading, regional coordinated development and competitiveness enhancement. Encourage qualified feeder airports to strengthen and enhance their cargo functions, and steadily and orderly promote the construction of professional cargo hub airports. Strengthen the division of labor, cooperation and effective connection between comprehensive hub airports and professional cargo hub airports, and build an aviation logistics hub system with complete functions and reasonable structure. Strengthen the coordination and linkage of facilities inside and outside the airport. Promote the construction of logistics parks, support airports with large-scale air cargo business and qualified conditions to set up logistics parks around the cargo area, and concentrate on the development of aviation logistics industry. Promote the linkage of port areas, promote the high-level linkage of planning, construction and facility operation of airports and airport economic zones, logistics parks, comprehensive bonded areas, free trade pilot zones, border (cross-border) economic cooperation zones, etc., and establish direct channels and dedicated logistics channels according to the actual situation of the airport, improve customs clearance efficiency, and promote integrated operation of port areas. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Build a comprehensive freight hub system. Give priority to the use of existing logistics parks and freight stations and other facilities, plan and build comprehensive freight hubs that efficiently integrate multiple modes of transportation, and guide the centralized layout of functional facilities such as cold chain logistics, postal express delivery, and distribution and delivery. Improve the collection and distribution railway and highway networks of freight hubs, accelerate the construction of multimodal transport facilities, and promote the expansion and transformation of port transshipment facilities. Implement the postal express hub capacity improvement project, strengthen the construction of facilities such as postal universal services and express processing centers, and strengthen coordination with railway, highway, civil aviation and other hubs. Promote the construction of about 120 national logistics hubs. Promote the development of intelligent warehousing and distribution facilities and equipment. | x | x | x | ||
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | Deepen the development of multimodal transport, promote the construction of comprehensive freight hubs, and promote the development of rail-water, road-rail, road-water, air-land and other multimodal transport. Near-zero carbon hub construction action. Focusing on important port areas and freight terminals, promote the accelerated application of new energy and renewable energy in internal operating machinery, heating and cooling facilities and equipment, achieve near-zero carbon emissions, and create near-zero carbon terminals and near-zero carbon freight terminals. | x | x | x | x | |
| "14th Five-Year" Civil Aviation Development Plan | 2021 | Enhance the functions of freight hubs. Leverage the cargo facilities of existing airports, enhance the air cargo service capabilities of comprehensive hub airports such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Zhengzhou, and specialized cargo hub airports such as Ezhou, steadily advance the development of airport-based national logistics hubs, and build an air cargo network that connects neighboring countries and radiates globally. Facilitate customs and inspection collaboration to improve cargo transit efficiency. Encourage aviation logistics companies to collaborate with airports to develop cargo hubs and establish a hub-and-spoke route network. Encourage air logistics companies to locate in hub airports with strong cargo capabilities and establish headquarters or distribution centers. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Highways | 2021 | In accordance with the principle of "seamless connection," promote the construction of multimodal and trunk-branch freight hubs (logistics parks). | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Modern Transport Hub System | 2021 | Focusing on hub airports, hub seaports, railway hub stations, etc., improve the transfer and refitting function facilities and supporting service networks, and enhance the cross-regional personnel exchanges and material transfer organization functions. Promote the intensive and efficient development of newly built comprehensive freight hubs. Newly built comprehensive freight hubs should strengthen the effective connection between railways, highways, water transport, aviation, and postal services, strengthen the configuration of facilities and equipment for conversion between modes, improve the modernization level of facilities and equipment, optimize the security inspection process for the flow of goods between different modes of transportation, promote mutual recognition of security inspections, realize centralized and rapid transfer of goods, and create an efficient multimodal transport operation platform. Promote the unified layout and construction of postal express processing centers and comprehensive freight hubs, and enhance the hub delivery supporting capacity. Promote the coordinated planning and construction of national logistics hubs and comprehensive freight hubs, increase the integration and optimization of existing resources, and make up for the shortcomings of railway dedicated lines, intermodal transport and other facilities. Comprehensive freight hubs are encouraged to expand their supply chain service functions and carry out integrated full-process logistics services such as multimodal transport, distribution, warehousing, transshipment, and bonded logistics. Explore and develop platform business models and promote the transformation of hubs into supply chain organization centers. Enterprises are encouraged to rely on hubs to develop a full-process logistics chain from raw material procurement to product sales, innovate supply chain inventory management, production line logistics, supply chain finance and other models, and reduce the operating costs of the entire logistics chain. Accelerate the development of smart comprehensive freight hubs. Promote the construction of intelligent warehousing and distribution, digital platforms and other facilities in comprehensive freight hubs, and actively apply advanced equipment such as drones, unmanned delivery vehicles, unmanned forklifts, intelligent security inspections, intelligent picking robots, and unmanned smart gates. Promote the application of digital warehousing management, safety production warning, automatic matching of vehicles and goods, and intelligent scheduling. Promote paperless operations in pickup, distribution, warehousing, transshipment, inquiry, insurance and other links. Promote the transformation of comprehensive freight hubs into logistics agglomeration areas. Promote the intensive development of logistics facilities and the common operation of logistics, and form a logistics agglomeration area with comprehensive freight hubs as the core. Concentrate on the layout and construction of comprehensive and professional logistics facilities, and promote the comprehensive effects of centralized procurement, regional unified distribution, and urban joint distribution. Guide e-commerce, manufacturing, trade and circulation, supply chain management and other enterprises to gather in logistics agglomeration areas, attract enterprises to establish headquarters and operation centers, and cultivate and improve financial, trade, settlement, insurance and other functions. | x | x | x | x | |
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Water Transport | 2021 | Support large-scale port and shipping companies to optimize the layout of inland ports, create logistics hubs with two-way radiation from sea to land, and build international commodity distribution centers and bulk commodity storage, transportation and trading bases. Promote unified planning and coordinated management of ports and other modes of transportation and logistics stations, and do a good job in planning and construction of comprehensive freight channels and inland port systems for tens of millions of standard containers. Coordinate intermodal transport, ports, bonded warehouses, logistics and other functions to improve the efficiency of multimodal transport and comprehensive service levels of ports. Promote the work of reserving space for port hub development, controlling land use functions, coordinating development schedules, and effectively play the role of port hubs. | x | x | x | ||
| 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Accelerate the construction of postal international delivery centers. Build a modern logistics system, accelerate the development of cold chain logistics, coordinate the construction of logistics hub facilities, backbone routes, regional distribution centers and terminal distribution nodes, and improve the facilities of national logistics hubs and backbone cold chain logistics bases. | |||||
| Digital Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2021 | Promote the intelligent upgrade of logistics hubs. Promote the construction of intelligent warehousing and distribution facilities to promote the application of digital warehousing management, production safety warning, automatic matching of vehicles and goods, and intelligent dispatching of parks. Promote information sharing and business collaboration among logistics parks. Smart freight hub. Guide the construction of green smart freight hub (logistics park) multimodal transport facilities, provide cross-modal and cross-regional logistics information services to promote the intelligent upgrade of freight hubs (logistics parks), and encourage the development of digital management of warehousing and inventory, intelligent early warning of production safety, automatic matching of vehicles and goods, and intelligent dispatching of park equipment. | x | ||||
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | The national postal express hubs are mainly composed of five global international postal express hub clusters, including Beijing, Tianjin, Xiong'an, Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Wuhan (Ezhou), Zhengzhou, Changsha, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Chengdu, Chongqing, and Xi'an, about 20 regional international postal express hubs, and about 45 national postal express hubs. Relying on the national comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network, air mail routes, railway mail routes, highway mail routes, and water mail routes are laid out. Build a national comprehensive transportation hub system that integrates comprehensive transportation hub clusters, hub cities, and hub ports. Build four international comprehensive transportation hub clusters facing the world, namely the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and the Chengdu-Chongqing Twin Cities Economic Circle. Accelerate the construction of about 20 international comprehensive transportation hub cities and about 80 national comprehensive transportation hub cities. Promote the construction of a number of international hub ports and national hub ports. | |||||
| Promote the development of multimodal transport, optimize and adjust the transport structure Work Program (2021-2025) | 2021 | Accelerate the construction of port logistics hubs Relying on national logistics hubs and comprehensive freight hubs, build international delivery hubs and postal express distribution centers. Cultivate a number of green transportation brand companies in coal mining areas, logistics parks, and steel, thermal power, coal chemical, building materials and other fields, and create a number of green transportation hubs. | x | x | |||
| 14th Five Year Plan for the Construction of Modern Logistics System | 2020 | Build a national logistics hub network. Accelerate the layout and construction of national logistics hubs, focus on filling the gaps in the central and western regions, and build a national backbone logistics facility network. Smooth trunk logistics channels, strengthen hub interconnection, promote the integrated construction of hub trunk and branch warehouses, and create a "channel + hub + network" logistics operation system. Improve the international service functions of logistics hubs, connect international logistics channels, and realize the integration of domestic and international logistics networks. Promote the construction of green logistics hubs and parks, and guide enterprises to innovate and carry out green and low-carbon logistics services. Focusing on industrial agglomeration areas and consumer concentration areas, accelerate the construction of logistics parks, logistics centers, distribution centers and other infrastructure, connect with national logistics hubs, and improve the integrated and intensive logistics organization service capabilities. Strengthen the coordinated planning and integrated development of logistics infrastructure with industrial parks and commodity trading markets. Promote the development of national logistics hub economic demonstration zones and foster the growth of the hub economy. National logistics hub construction project. Promote the layout and construction of about 120 national logistics hubs, give full play to the role of the national logistics hub alliance, and promote hub business collaboration, policy coordination, and operational collaboration. Build about 20 national logistics hub economic demonstration zones. | |||||
| Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Nation | 2019 | Build a multi-level, integrated comprehensive transportation hub system. Relying on world-class urban agglomerations such as the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, create international seaport hubs, aviation hubs, and postal express core hubs with global competitiveness, build a number of national and regional transportation hubs, promote the integrated planning and construction of comprehensive transportation hubs, improve the level of transfers and outfitting, and improve the collection and distribution system. Vigorously develop hub economies. Coordinate the construction of free trade pilot zones and free trade ports with Chinese characteristics. | x | x |
Low-emission vehicle zones
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Construction of near-zero-carbon transportation demonstration zones. Select ecological functional areas, industrial and mining areas, towns, ports, airports, highway service areas, transportation hubs and other areas with mature conditions to build near-zero-carbon transportation demonstration zones, give priority to the development of public transportation, advocate green travel, and promote new energy transportation tools. | x |
Managing transport GHG emission
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | The intensity of carbon dioxide emissions has dropped significantly compared with 2020, and the prevention and control of transportation pollution has reached the world's advanced level. |
Managing transport air pollution
| Action Plan for Large-Scale Equipment Renewal in Transportation | 2024 | By 2028, the carbon emission intensity and pollutant emission intensity of the transportation industry continue to decrease, and the total amount of pollutant emissions further decreases. |
Managing transport energy consumption
| The People's Republicof China Fourth National Communication on Climate Change | 2023 | The declining energyconsumption in railway transport over the years has contributed greatly to the low-carbondevelopment of China's transport sector. For example, the comprehensive energy consumption for transport in the national railway system in 2020 dropped to 4.07 tons of standard coal per kilometer. | x | ||||
| China's Mid-Century Long-Term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development Strategy | 2021 | The comprehensive energy consumption per unit of converted turnover of railways will drop by 10% from 2020 level, and oil consumption by land transportation strives to peak. | x | x | |||
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | The energy consumption per unit of transportation turnover has been continuously reduced. |
Maritime Safety
| Opinions on promoting high-quality development of inland waterway transportation | 2025 | Strengthen the management of passenger transport by water. Encourage shipping companies to increase investment in passenger ship facilities and equipment safety and improve the inherent safety level. Strengthen market access management, implement safety supervision measures of "one line, one policy" for specific routes and "one area, one policy" for key waters, strictly implement measures to ban or restrict navigation in severe weather, implement the real-name system for boarding ships, strengthen safety inspections at passenger ports, and prevent and resolve major risks involving passenger ships. Implement the local responsibility for the safety of inland river ferry crossings in accordance with the law and build safe ferry transportation. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation | 2022 | Conquer the inland waterway safety control and emergency search and rescue technology based on ship-shore collaboration, and promote the research of deep-sea navigation safety assurance technology. | x | ||||
| Outline of the Medium- and Long-Term Development Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation (2021-2035) | 2022 | Ensure the safety of port operations, develop the safety monitoring, early warning and emergency response technologies for the loading and unloading and storage of dangerous goods in ports, develop rapid detection and identification technologies for people, vehicles and goods in oil and gas chemical terminals and tank areas, and develop early warning and prevention equipment for hazardous chemical leaks and explosions. Improve the safety guarantee capability of inland waterway shipping, overcome the three-dimensional perception of navigation conditions of complex high-level waterways and navigation buildings, dynamic risk warning and control, navigation safety emergency rescue and other technologies, and break through key technologies such as ship oil spill warning and hazardous chemical transportation safety emergency. Build a ubiquitously interconnected port and shipping safety emergency guarantee technology system. Strengthen the safety guarantee of deep-sea navigation, develop deep-sea three-dimensional supervision and emergency command systems, develop high-precision deep-water scanning, intelligent navigation marks and other technical equipment, strengthen the research and development of emergency disposal technologies such as large-scale marine oil spills, oil storage in sunken ships, and hazardous chemical pollution, strengthen the research and development and application of personnel rescue technology in distress, and build an integrated "land, sea, air and space" water transportation safety guarantee system. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Water Transport | 2021 | Strengthen the development of standards in areas such as construction and maintenance, smart ports, intelligent waterways, energy conservation and environmental protection, and safety and emergency response, and formulate technical regulations for new energy or clean energy vessels such as lithium batteries. Improve the standard system for green development of ports and waterways. Improve the inherent safety of facilities and equipment. Strengthen the safety protection of port and waterway infrastructure, establish and improve a safety inspection system for dangerous goods storage tanks at ports, and enhance the safety inspection capabilities of passenger terminals. Strengthen the operational safety management of navigation structures and dams at shipping hubs, and focus on risk prevention and reinforcement. Strengthen the management of ship navigation order in bridge areas, improve the installation of anti-collision and other technical equipment on ships, and comprehensively adopt measures such as installing active warning and anti-collision equipment, and strengthening and retrofitting to enhance the ability of bridges to prevent ship collisions. Relying on key port and waterway construction projects, deepen the construction of safe construction sites and create "safe, century-long quality projects." Strengthen the security protection of critical information infrastructure for water transportation and enhance the security of important data resources. | x | ||||
| Digital Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2021 | Advance the development of an integrated intelligent scheduling system for cascade hub ship locks to enhance waterway safety, operational reliability, and the efficiency of navigation hubs. Promote Coordinated Supervision of Maritime Traffic Safety: Advance the online coordination of key operational functions including maritime safety supervision, navigation support, rescue and salvage, waterway maintenance, and emergency command. Promote the development of an integrated maritime transport safety system encompassing land, sea, air, and space, with the goal of improving shipping efficiency, search and rescue success rates, and the capabilities of maritime safety regulation and emergency response. | x | ||||
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | Strengthen channel security, maritime patrol, search and rescue, salvage, and deep-sea and polar rescue capabilities, and improve the transportation safety supervision system and search and rescue system. | x | ||||
| Outline for the Development of Inland Waterway Transport | 2020 | Establish and improve the inland waterway emergency rescue command system, improve the layout planning and construction of water transportation safety supervision and rescue systems, strengthen the promotion and application of new equipment and technologies such as drones and underwater robots, Formulate and revise ship safety technical standards, facility and equipment equipment standards, and manning standards. Vigorously develop specialized ships such as container, LNG, commercial vehicle roll-on/roll-off, and chemical transport, and actively develop closed bulk carriers. | x | ||||
| Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Nation | 2019 | Strengthen the inland waterway shipping safety control and emergency search and rescue technologies based on ship-shore coordination. Maintain the safety and smooth operation of important international shipping channels. | x |
Measures to improve rural-urban connectivity
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Deepen the integrated development of urban and rural transportation. Strengthen the connection between urban and rural transportation infrastructure, promote the transformation of urban and rural passenger transportation into public transportation, improve the rural logistics network node system, and improve the level of equalized urban and rural transportation services. Accelerate the planning and construction of suburban railways in metropolitan areas such as Beijing and Shanghai, coordinate the construction and utilization of surplus capacity of existing railways, develop suburban railways according to local conditions, and support the market-oriented operation of intercity and suburban trains through appropriate technical transformation of existing railways with surplus capacity. The rail transit in the central urban areas of key metropolitan areas shall be appropriately extended to surrounding cities (towns) with reasonable systems. Focus on improving the urban and rural circulation network. By 2027, a modern commercial circulation system that connects the inside and outside, connects urban and rural areas, connects production and sales, and is efficient and smooth will be basically established. The urban and rural commercial circulation network will be more complete, a hierarchical and classified urban commercial layout will be constructed, and the three-level logistics distribution system of counties, towns and villages will be improved. | x | x | |||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Modern Transport Hub System | 2021 | Improve inter-city and urban-rural service functions and regional connection and transportation capabilities, strengthen the connection with the service hinterland and terminal radiation, and better integrate into the national comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Strengthen the construction of postal facilities and implement the express delivery "entering villages, factories and going out to sea" project. Improve the unified planning, construction and maintenance mechanism of urban and rural infrastructure, promote the extension of municipal public facilities to suburban villages and large central towns, improve rural water, electricity, roads, gas, postal communications, radio and television, logistics and other infrastructure, and improve the quality of rural housing construction. | x | x |
Mixed use development
| Guidelines for the Scientific Planning and Construction of High-Power Charging Infrastructure | 2025 | Combined with the conditions of the site, promote the business model that integrates charging stations with catering, entertainment, shopping, and car services to improve the charging service experience. | x |
Mobility-as-a-service (MAAS)
| 2024 Work Plan for Five People's Livelihood Matters, including Expansion, Improvement and Efficiency of Accessible Transportation Services for the Elderly | 2024 | Urge online ride-hailing platforms to give priority to ensuring the demand for rides with primary and secondary schools as the starting and ending points during peak hours. | x | ||||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Strengthen the standardized management of aggregation platforms and the management of new forms of Internet road freight. Guide local governments to deepen the reform of cruising cars and promote the integrated development of new and old taxi forms. Continue to expand the coverage of taxi call-in and online car-hailing "one-click call" services, add 60 prefecture-level cities to realize 95128 call-in services, and online car-hailing "one-click call" services basically cover prefecture-level and above cities. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Promote the concept of "mobility as a service" and develop "one-stop" travel services based on smart terminals. Encourage cruising taxis to apply mobile Internet technology, continuously innovate business models, improve market competitiveness and service levels, and promote the integration and development of new and old taxi formats. Promote the transformation and upgrading of the taxi industry. Deepen the reform of the operating rights system of cruising taxis, implement free limited-time use, promote the reform of the profit distribution system, rationalize the fare adjustment mechanism, and improve the pricing rules. Improve the service quality evaluation and supervision mechanism of the cruising taxi industry, strengthen the construction of the credit system, and promote healthy market competition. Areas with conditions are encouraged to set up taxi waiting points and temporary parking points in hospitals, concentrated residential areas, important commercial areas and other places. | |||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Guide and regulate the healthy development of online car-hailing, shared bicycles, car-sharing and online freight platforms, and prevent disorderly expansion. | x | ||||
| Outline of the Medium- and Long-Term Development Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation (2021-2035) | 2022 | Improve the electronic passenger ticket system for road transport and the networked ticketing system across transport modes, and build a full-chain, intelligent, one-stop travel service system. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Highways | 2021 | Steadily advance the development of "Internet Plus" convenient transportation. Create mobile-based "fingertip travel" services, encourage and regulate the development of shared transportation, customized passenger transport, online reservations, and online rentals. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Modern Transport Hub System | 2021 | Encourage hubs to provide diversified services such as car rental, online car-hailing, and passenger charter. Promote the intelligent upgrade of comprehensive passenger transport hubs. In accordance with the concept of "mobility as a service", build a smart comprehensive passenger transport hub to achieve full-process guidance and paperless travel for passengers. | x | ||||
| Digital Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2021 | Develop an Integrated Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) Platform: Promote the concept of "Mobility as a Service" (MaaS), and encourage enterprises to integrate multimodal travel information resources. Provide passengers with end-to-end, multimodal, and one-stop travel services, and advance the development of intermodal passenger transport and the digitalization of the entire travel experience. A full-process electronic travel service system integrating various modes of transport has been basically formed, and the coverage rate of electronic tickets for secondary and above road passenger stations and customized passenger routes has reached 99%. Build an integrated digital travel network. Guided by the goal of "National 123 Travel Traffic Circle" and starting with increasing the use of electronic tickets, guide market players to build a cross-modal and cross-regional digital service system for passenger transportation. Promote the intelligent upgrading and transformation of comprehensive passenger transport hubs. Promote the electronic and touchless links of passenger ticket sales, ticket inspection, security inspection, boarding, etc., build intelligent guidance facilities in hubs to improve the national road passenger electronic ticket service system, and popularize the application of electronic tickets in secondary and above road passenger stations and customized passenger routes. | |||||
| New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035) | 2021 | Develop integrated smart mobility services. Accelerate the construction of a new type of intelligent transportation management and control system covering front-end information collection, edge distributed computing, and cloud collaborative control. Accelerate the application of new energy vehicles in fields such as car-sharing, urban public transport, taxis, and site vehicles, and optimize the environment for the use of new energy vehicles in the public service sector. Guide automobile manufacturers and mobility service companies to jointly build "one-stop" service platforms and promote the development and application of automated valet parking technology. | x | ||||
| Opinions on Further Improving the Work of Railway Planning and Construction | 2021 | Strengthen communication and coordination with national railway enterprises, coordinate and promote the integration of trunk railways, intercity railways, suburban railways and urban rail transit networks, resource sharing, and payment compatibility, and realize mutual trust in security inspections and ticket system interoperability as soon as possible for qualified lines. | x | x | |||
| Action Plan for Green Mobility | 2020 | The provision of public bus and tram arrival information services through mobile phone apps or electronic bus stops is fully implemented. The interconnection of public transportation cards, mobile phone payments and other non-cash payment services are fully applied. Establish relevant systems such as urban traffic management, public transportation, and taxis, promote system integration, realize travel service information sharing, and provide relevant information services to the society. | x | x | x | ||
| Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Nation | 2019 | Vigorously develop shared transportation, create a service system based on mobile intelligent terminal technology, and realize mobility as a service. | |||||
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Healthy Development of the Taxi Industry | 2016 | It is necessary to coordinate the development of cruising taxis (hereinafter referred to as cruising taxis) and online-booked taxis (hereinafter referred to as online-booked taxis), implement staggered development and differentiated operations, and provide quality and diversified transportation services to the public. | x | x |
Modal shift
| Opinions on promoting high-quality development of inland waterway transportation | 2025 | Vigorously develop water-to-water transshipment. Optimize the river-sea transport system of trunk lines such as the Yangtze River and Xijiang River, develop a number of key intermodal ports, and cultivate a number of river-sea intermodal brand routes. Improve the river (river)-sea intermodal transport system in the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta water network areas, enhance the functions of terminal facilities, and improve intermodal efficiency. Study and expand the scope of direct river-sea transport and the types of goods transported on specific routes, and actively play the river-sea intermodal transport function of newly built sea access channels such as the Pinglu Canal and Xiaoqing River. | x | ||||
| China's Nationally Determined Contribution Report 2035 | 2025 | promote the shift from road to water and rail for medium-to-long-distance bulk cargo and container transport | x | x | x | ||
| Action Plan for Energy Conservation and Carbon Reduction 2024-2025 | 2024 | Optimize the transportation structure. Promote the construction of port collection and distribution railways, logistics parks and railway dedicated lines for large industrial and mining enterprises, and promote the "road to rail" and "road to water" of medium and long-distance transportation of bulk goods and containers. | x | x | x | ||
| Action Plan to Effectively Reduce Logistics Costs in the Whole Society | 2024 | Formulate work guidelines to strengthen the "road to rail" and "road to water" of goods, especially bulk goods and medium and long-distance transportation goods. | x | x | x | ||
| Implementation Plan for Promoting Low-Carbon Development in the Railway Industry | 2024 | Accelerate the construction of railway dedicated lines and connecting lines for large industrial and mining enterprises, logistics parks, coal storage bases, grain reserves, etc., and accelerate the "road to rail" transportation of medium and long distance and bulk goods. | x | ||||
| Opinions on strengthening the clean and efficient use of coal | 2024 | Continue to promote the "road to rail" and "road to water" of coal transportation, and encourage the "bulk to collection" from the source of mining areas. | x | x | x | ||
| Opinions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Comprehensively Advancing the Construction of a Beautiful China | 2024 | Vigorously promote the shift from road to rail and water transportation, | x | x | x | ||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Promote the adjustment of transportation structure in key areas, continue to promote the "road to rail, road to water" of bulk materials, focus on Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas, Fenwei Plain, Yangtze River Delta, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, etc., encourage industrial and mining, grain enterprises, etc. to "convert bulk to container" goods, and mainly use railway and water transportation for medium and long-distance transportation, and give priority to closed belt corridors or new energy vehicles and ships for short-distance transportation. Accelerate the development of railway-water transport and river-sea direct transport, and form a number of river-sea-river transport boutique routes. | x | x | x | ||
| National Carbon Peak Pilot Construction Plan | 2023 | Optimize the bulk cargo transportation structure, strengthen the construction of dedicated railway lines and high-grade inland waterways, and promote intermodal transport of rail-IWT, road-rail, and rail-sea according to local conditions. | x | x | x | ||
| The People's Republicof China Fourth National Communication on Climate Change | 2023 | China has been continuously replacing highway transport with railway and water transport for commodities, guiding railway transport enterprises to enter into mutual guaranteeagreements on transport volume and capacity with large-sized industrial and miningenterprises on coal, ores and steel and port enterprises to increase the share of railwaytransport, expanding the application of “open top container transport by railway +drayage”for these iron and steel enterprises without dedicated lines to transport more metallic ores, and widely launching demonstration projects on multimodal transport to formgreenandlow-carbon modes of transport and reduce energy consumption, air pollutant and carbonemissions. | x | x | x | ||
| China's Green Development in the New Era | 2023 | Optimizing the structure of transport. China has accelerated the construction of special railway lines, promoted the shift of freight transport from road to railway and waterway, and encouraged intermodal transport. | x | x | |||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Accelerate the development of non-motorized transport systems, increase the modal share of walking and cycling, and construct dedicated bicycle lanes tailored to local conditions. Improve the organization and intensification of road freight, give full play to the comparative advantages of road freight in the hub collection and distribution system, and continue to promote the "road to rail" and "road to water" transportation of bulk and medium and long-distance goods. Vigorously develop inland container transport and river-sea (river-sea) direct transport, and increase the proportion of water-to-water transit at shipping hubs. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Vigorously develop multimodal transport of goods. Promote the construction of rail-water transport systems for bulk goods and containers, and expand the scale of rail-water transport. We will further promote the adjustment of the transport structure and gradually build a medium- and long-distance freight system based on railways and ships. We will accelerate the construction of dedicated railway lines, promote the "road-to-rail" and "road-to-water" transport of bulk and medium- and long-distance goods, increase the proportion of green transport for industrial and mining enterprises, and expand the supply of road-rail transport services for urban production and living materials. | x | x | |||
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | Continue to optimize and adjust the transportation structure. Accelerate the construction of port collection and distribution railways and railway special lines for logistics parks, large industrial and mining enterprises, and promote the "road to rail" and "road to water" transportation of bulk goods and medium and long-distance goods. Coordinate the development of river-sea direct and river-sea integrated transport, actively promote river-sea direct transport of dry bulk cargo and containers, and increase the volume of water-to-water transit cargo. | x | x | x | ||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Highways | 2021 | Continue to strengthen the management of road freight, promote the "road to rail" and "road to water" transportation of bulk goods and medium and long-distance freight, and further reduce the proportion of road transportation in medium and long-distance transportation of bulk goods and containers. | x | x | x | ||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Modern Transport Hub System | 2021 | Promote the green development of comprehensive freight hubs. Give full play to the important role of comprehensive freight hubs in the adjustment of transportation structure, improve intermodal transport facilities, strengthen the construction of collection and distribution systems, and promote the medium and long-distance transportation of bulk goods such as coal and ore from road to rail and from road to water. | x | x | x | ||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Water Transport | 2021 | Continue to promote the "road-to-rail" port collection and distribution, and accelerate the development of rail-water transport of containers, iron ore, coal, steel and other goods. Encourage port and shipping and railway companies to strengthen cooperation, information interconnection, and standard docking, build a comprehensive reform zone for container sea-rail transport, and promote high-quality development of rail-water transport. | x | x | |||
| 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Accelerate the "road-to-rail" and "road-to-water" transportation of bulk and medium- and long-distance goods. | x | x | x | ||
| 14th Five-Year Plan on Modern Energy System Planning | 2021 | New coal mining projects shall give priority to clean coal transportation methods such as railways and water transportation. Build a green and low-carbon transportation system, optimize and adjust the transportation structure, vigorously develop multimodal transport, and promote the "road to rail" and "road to water" transportation of bulk goods in medium and long distances. | x | x | |||
| Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030 ('1+N') | 2021 | We will make great effort to develop multimodal transportation with railway and waterway transportation as the mainstay. We will continue to construct special railway lines for industrial and mining enterprises, ports, and logistic parks, and accelerate development of high-level inland waterway networks so as to facilitate a shift in bulk cargo transportation and mid-long distance freight transportation from highways to railways and waterways. | x | x | |||
| China First NDC (Updated submission) | 2021 | Optimize the transportation structure. Adjustment of the transportation structure by reducing road transportation and increasing rail and water transportation is an important measure for China to achieve low-carbon development of the transportation. Focusing on road-to-rail and road-to-water bulk cargo transportation, the comprehensive transportation network has been continuously improved, and transportation organization has been effectively enhanced, which brings down the volume of road transportation. | |||||
| China's Mid-Century Long-Term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development Strategy | 2021 | Accelerate the optimization and adjustment of the transportationstructure, continue to deepen the construction of special railwaysand special railway lines, actively develop direct river-sea andriver-sea combined transportation,strive to increase theproportion of combined iron and water transportation, acceleratethe promotion of the "revolution to rail" and "revolution to waterof bulk cargo in coastal ports. | x | x | |||
| Comprehensive work plan for energy conservation and emission reduction in the 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Accelerate the transportation of bulk goods and medium and long-distance goods from road to rail and road to water, and vigorously develop multimodal transport such as rail-water, road-rail, and road-water. | x | x | x | ||
| Opinions on Further Improving the Work of Railway Planning and Construction | 2021 | Accelerate the promotion of railways into ports, logistics parks and large industrial and mining enterprises, and promote the transfer of bulk and medium- and long-distance cargo transportation to railways. | x | ||||
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | Optimize and adjust the transportation structure, promote the construction of multimodal logistics parks and dedicated railway lines, and form a medium- and long-distance transportation pattern for bulk goods and containers based on railways and water transportation | x | x | |||
| Promote the development of multimodal transport, optimize and adjust the transport structure Work Program (2021-2025) | 2021 | By 2025, the level of multimodal transport development will be significantly improved, and a development pattern will be basically formed in which the medium and long-distance transportation of bulk goods and containers is mainly based on railways and waterways. Promote the "road to rail, road to water" transportation of bulk materials. In key areas of transport structure adjustment, strengthen the integration of port resources, encourage industrial and mining enterprises, grain enterprises, etc. to "contain" goods from bulk, mainly use rail and water transportation for medium and long distance transportation, and give priority to closed belt corridors or new energy vehicles and ships for short distance transportation. | x | x | x | ||
| 14th Five Year Plan for the Construction of Modern Logistics System | 2020 | Optimize and adjust the transportation structure, reasonably grasp the proportional relationship between different modes of transportation, and accelerate the promotion of "road to rail" and "road to water" for bulk goods and medium and long-distance goods transportation. Promote the construction of dedicated railway lines for key industrial parks and logistics hubs. | x | x | x | ||
| Outline for the Development of Inland Waterway Transport | 2020 | Improve the collection and distribution system, promote the construction of connecting channels between key port areas and riverside development zones and logistics parks, speed up the opening of the "last mile" of railways and high-level roads to ports, and strive to increase the proportion of bulk cargo rail-waterway collection and distribution and container rail-waterway transport, effectively reducing logistics costs. | x | x | |||
| Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Nation | 2019 | Optimize the transportation structure, accelerate the construction of key projects such as port collection and distribution railways, logistics parks and railway dedicated lines for large industrial and mining enterprises, and promote the orderly transfer of bulk goods and medium and long-distance goods transportation to railways and water transport. | x | x |
National speed law
| Regulations for the Implementation of the Road Traffic Safety Law of the People's Republic of China | 2017 | Article 78 The speed of lanes shall be clearly marked on expressways. The maximum speed shall not exceed 120 kilometers per hour, and the minimum speed shall not be less than 60 kilometers per hour. The maximum speed of small passenger cars on expressways shall not exceed 120 kilometers per hour, other motor vehicles shall not exceed 100 kilometers per hour, and motorcycles shall not exceed 80 kilometers per hour. Article 45 Motor vehicles shall not exceed the speed indicated by speed limit signs or markings on the road. On roads without speed limit signs or markings, motor vehicles shall not exceed the following maximum driving speeds: (i) For roads without a center line, the maximum speed is 30 kilometers per hour for urban roads and 40 kilometers per hour for highways; (ii) For roads with only one motor vehicle lane in the same direction, the maximum speed is 50 kilometers per hour for urban roads and 70 kilometers per hour for highways. | x |
Nationwide emergency hotline for road crashes
| Opinions on Strengthening the Protection of Truck Drivers' Rights and Interests | 2021 | Standardize the rescue service of trucks on highways, and publicize service charges and rescue phone numbers to the public. Do not forcibly designate rescue agencies, and do not prevent or hinder the rescue agencies entrusted by the parties from entering the scene to provide services. | x |
Nature-based solutions
| Opinions on promoting high-quality development of inland waterway transportation | 2025 | Build green and beautiful waterways. Actively promote the construction and maintenance of green waterways, strictly implement ecological protection and restoration measures, develop and apply new structures, new materials, new processes, and new equipment, and carry out waterway regulation, maintenance and dredging of sand, and comprehensive utilization of earth and stone in accordance with the law and in an orderly manner. | x | ||||
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | Deepen the construction of green ports and green waterways. Promote the upgrading and transformation of old inland river docks, actively promote the optimization and integration of scattered docks and orderly withdrawal, and encourage the ecological restoration of land and water areas. Increase the introduction and research and development of new technologies, new materials, new processes and new structures for green waterway construction, actively promote the combination of waterway management and habitat restoration and creation, accelerate the promotion of green construction and maintenance technologies for waterway projects, give priority to the use of waterway regulation technologies and construction processes with less ecological impact, promote the application of eco-friendly new materials and new structures in waterway projects, strengthen aquatic ecological protection, and promptly carry out waterway ecological restoration and ecological compensation. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Water Transport | 2021 | Promote the ecological protection and restoration of waterway facilities. Promote the application of new energy-saving and water-saving technologies and processes, and comprehensively utilize dredged soil, construction materials, and waste materials. Promote the implementation of ecological restoration measures such as ecological revetments, ecological beach protection, and artificial fish nests on inland waterways. Strengthen the development of standards in areas such as construction and maintenance, smart ports, intelligent waterways, energy conservation and environmental protection, and safety and emergency response, and formulate technical regulations for new energy or clean energy vessels such as lithium batteries. Improve the standard system for green development of ports and waterways. | x |
Net zero, carbon neutrality
| Opinions on Promoting Green Development in the Joint Construction of the Belt and Road Initiative | 2022 | Main objectives: By 2025, international communication and cooperation on ecological protection and climate change in the joint construction of the Belt and Road will continue to deepen, the concept of the Green Silk Road will be recognized by all parties, practical cooperation in green infrastructure, green energy, green transportation, green finance and other fields will be steadily promoted, the leading role of green demonstration projects will be more obvious, the ability to prevent environmental risks in overseas projects will be significantly improved, and the joint construction of the green development of the Belt and Road will achieve significant results. |
Noise reduction - General
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Carry out transportation noise pollution control, properly handle the noise impact of large airports, and actively eliminate existing noise pollution. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year" Civil Aviation Development Plan | 2021 | Accelerate the construction of automatic aircraft noise monitoring systems at airports with a passenger volume of over 10 million. Strengthen the construction of noise monitoring and prevention infrastructure at newly built and renovated airports, and implement noise pollution prevention and control measures approved by environmental impact assessments. Focus on improving the ability to trace the source of noise incidents to support the improvement of the level of refined noise management. Encourage airports to strengthen coordination with air traffic control and airlines, adjust management rules with the goal of reducing aircraft noise, optimize approach and departure procedures, and promote innovation and upgrading of flight landing technologies. Research and conduct aircraft noise management pilot projects at airports in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and other cities. | x | x | |||
| Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Nation | 2019 | Reduce noise and vibration along the traffic route, and properly handle the noise impact of large airports. | x | x | x | x | x |
Number of vehicle registration limit
| Action Plan for Green Mobility | 2020 | reduce the total number of cars on the road | x |
Operational efficiency in logistics
| Action Plan for Reducing Costs, Improving Quality and Increasing Efficiency of Transportation and Logistics | 2024 | Encourage the development of international transit, cargo consolidation, domestic and foreign trade on the same ship and other services. Smooth the terminal circulation network of urban and rural logistics. Optimize and improve the urban freight service network, study and promote medium-sized vans for urban distribution, reasonably set the requirements for truck traffic areas, routes and time periods, and encourage the cancellation of restrictions on the traffic of new energy urban distribution trucks below light. Organize and carry out special pilot projects for reducing transportation logistics costs, improving quality and increasing efficiency, and building a strong transportation country. | x | ||||
| Action Plan to Effectively Reduce Logistics Costs in the Whole Society | 2024 | Strengthen the efficient connection of various modes of transportation at important nodes, and improve the terminal distribution network. | |||||
| Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Integration of Passenger, Freight and Postal Services in Rural Areas | 2024 | Expand the passenger, freight and mail functions of county-level passenger stations. Support county-level passenger stations to expand comprehensive service functions such as freight logistics, postal express, e-commerce, and tourism on the basis of retaining the basic service functions of passenger transportation, and promote unified warehousing, unified sorting, and unified distribution. Actively open rural passenger, freight and mail cooperation routes from the county seat to towns and villages, and from townships to established villages, and use vehicle luggage compartments and internal storage areas to transport mail and express parcels, ensuring rapid delivery of mail and express parcels while ensuring safety and meeting the rural people's travel needs. Rural passenger transport operators are encouraged to give priority to rural highway buses equipped with lower or rear luggage compartments, and use the luggage compartments to transport mail, express parcels and other items in accordance with the "Regulations on Cargo Transport in Luggage Compartments of Passenger Buses". Rural passenger transport operators should use the internal storage areas of vehicles that meet national and industry standards, and carry out mail and express delivery under the premise of ensuring passenger transportation safety. In areas where there is a strong demand for rural freight logistics and postal express services or where most of them are large items, guide enterprises to give full play to the advantages of large freight vehicles with high efficiency, integrate various types of freight logistics resources, coordinate the layout of distribution routes, promote the "freight shuttle line" model with fixed time, fixed route and fixed station, and deliver logistics parcels and mail and express parcels from county towns to town and village stations. | x | ||||
| Implementation Plan for Promoting Low-Carbon Development in the Railway Industry | 2024 | Adopt advanced logistics management technology, optimize freight organization plans, promote the transformation of railway stations to fit the goods, systematically optimize the flow of trucks, implement freight train speed and quality improvement, improve the efficiency of loading and unloading and transfer technology operations, increase the proportion of direct cargo transportation and turnover efficiency, and reduce cargo detention time. | x | ||||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Deepen the integrated development of rural passenger, freight and postal services, and create a new model of urban and rural transportation that features “multiple functions at one point, multiple uses on one network, intensive functions, convenience and efficiency.” Strengthen the standardized management of aggregation platforms and the management of new forms of Internet road freight. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Promote the use of economical and practical rural passenger transport models that coordinate passengers and freight. Promote the intensive rural passenger transport development model, promote the integrated development of rural passenger, freight and mail, and improve the organization level and risk resistance of rural passenger transport. Encourage the development of intensive distribution modes such as joint distribution, unified distribution, centralized distribution, and time-sharing distribution. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Promote express delivery to villages, strengthen the sharing of county and rural logistics resources, promote joint sorting, joint transportation, and joint collection and delivery, and basically realize the direct collection and delivery of mail and express in established villages. Optimize the "door-to-door" logistics service network, and encourage the development of intensive distribution modes such as urban and rural logistics joint distribution, unified distribution, centralized distribution, and time-sharing distribution. | |||||
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | Guide the standardized development of road freight transportation on network platforms to effectively reduce the empty driving rate. | x | x | x | ||
| Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030 ('1+N') | 2021 | We will develop smart transportation and promote rational division of functions and effective linkages between different means of transportation, so as to reduce empty-loading ratio and unreasonable turnover in passenger and freight transportation We will speed up development of the urban-rural logistics and distribution system, and create green and low-carbon, intensive, and highly efficient modes of distribution. | x | x | x | x | x |
| China's Mid-Century Long-Term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development Strategy | 2021 | Vigorously develop mult1-modal high-efficiency transportation organization modes such ascombined transportation, drop-and-pull transportation and jointdistribution, improve the efficiency of transportation operations. | x | ||||
| Digital Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2021 | Promote the widespread use of electronic freight waybills. Accelerate the implementation of electronic waybill management in key areas such as dangerous goods road transport, cold chain logistics, and LTL logistics, | |||||
| New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035) | 2021 | Develop "Internet+" efficient logistics, innovate intelligent logistics operation models, promote the application of new models such as online freight transport and trailer sharing, and create a new form of safe and efficient logistics transportation services. | x | ||||
| Promote the development of multimodal transport, optimize and adjust the transport structure Work Program (2021-2025) | 2021 | Fully tap the resources of urban railway stations and lines, and innovate road-rail multimodal transport modes such as "external collection and internal distribution" for production and living materials. Encourage key urban agglomerations to build green freight distribution demonstration areas. | x | x | x | ||
| Outline for the Development of Inland Waterway Transport | 2020 | Optimize port storage facilities and distribution networks, improve the efficiency of waterway ports, | x |
Parking measures - General
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Development of Urban Integrated Transportation Systems | 2023 | Accelerate the filling of parking facility gaps in key urban areas. Organize and conduct a census, monitoring, and assessment of urban parking facilities to identify supply and demand, and promptly update data and information on various parking facilities. Strengthen the informatization of urban parking management, achieve information interconnection, sharing, and utilization, and actively develop smart services such as information query and parking guidance. Scientifically formulate and implement urban parking facility construction plans based on spatial resources and fiscal affordability. Focus on key areas such as older residential communities, hospitals, and schools, and accelerate projects such as external new construction, surrounding shared development, and internal potential development according to local conditions to increase the effective supply of parking facilities. Rationally plan dedicated unloading areas and temporary parking spaces to meet the operational needs of urban distribution vehicles. Encourage the construction of transfer parking facilities at peripheral rail transit stations in large and medium-sized cities to guide residents to prioritize public transportation. Research and formulate urban parking facility development indicators based on the different characteristics of cities to guide cities in promoting solutions to parking difficulties. | x | x | x | ||
| Implementation Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Charging Infrastructure to Better Support the Deployment of New Energy Vehicles to Rural Areas and Rural Revitalization | 2023 | Parking lot and charging facility operators are encouraged to innovate technologies and management measures, guide the parking of ICE and new energy vehicles in separate areas, and maintain good charging order. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Promote a moderate increase in the number of truck parking spaces in highway service areas to facilitate temporary parking of trucks. Continue to promote the construction of "Driver's Home". In accordance with the principles of demand orientation, overall planning, government-enterprise linkage, distributed promotion, and use-driven construction, relying on existing facilities such as gas stations and logistics parks, as well as network resources of large backbone enterprises such as China National Petroleum Corporation and China Petrochemical Corporation, accelerate the construction of "Driver's Home" to provide convenience for truck drivers to park, rest, eat, wash, shower, and use the toilet, and effectively improve the parking and rest conditions for truck drivers. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Strengthen the construction of microcirculation and branch road networks in large cities, optimize the proportion of rapid, trunk, secondary trunk, and branch roads, accelerate the construction and renovation of urban branch streets and lanes and the renovation of deformed intersections, optimize the supply of parking facilities by classification and zoning, improve the efficiency of parking resource utilization and the level of refined services, and strengthen resource sharing and staggered opening. Reasonably increase the road network density of small and medium-sized cities, make good use of parking resources, moderately increase parking facilities, and standardize parking order. Address the shortcomings of urban roads and highway passenger station facilities in county towns, county-level cities, and large towns, steadily promote the construction of public parking facilities in old communities, hospitals, schools, commercial gathering areas, and moderately increase flexible and convenient road shuttle passenger stations. Vigorously promote the integrated construction of parking lots and charging facilities to achieve the interconnection of parking and charging data information. | x | ||||
| Implementation Plan for New Urbanization in the 14th Five-Year Plan | 2022 | Improve the parking facility system with parking lots as the main part, off-street public parking lots as the auxiliary part, and on-street parking as the supplement, promote the staggered sharing of parking spaces in residential communities and institutions, and increase non-motor vehicle parking facilities in public places with dense crowds. | x | x | |||
| Comprehensive work plan for energy conservation and emission reduction in the 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | New and existing parking lots must be equipped with electric vehicle charging facilities or reserve conditions for the installation of charging facilities. | x | ||||
| Opinions on Strengthening the Protection of Truck Drivers' Rights and Interests | 2021 | Improve parking and resting conditions for truck drivers. Increase land use guarantees for highway service areas, appropriately increase the number of truck parking spaces, optimize parking space settings, facilitate truck parking, and include parking services in highway service quality assessments. Based on the principles of demand orientation, system planning, overall layout, step-by-step advancement, innovative models, and resource integration, relying on existing facilities such as logistics parks and gas stations, as well as network resources of large backbone enterprises such as China National Petroleum Corporation and China Petrochemical Corporation, accelerate the construction of "Driver's Home" to provide convenience for truck drivers to park, rest, eat, wash, shower, and use the toilet. | x | ||||
| Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Nation | 2019 | Scientifically plan and construct urban parking facilities, and strengthen the construction of facilities such as charging, hydrogen refueling, gas refueling and bus stops. | x |
Passenger and freight load limits
| Action Plan to Effectively Reduce Logistics Costs in the Whole Society | 2024 | Deepen the governance of illegal overloading of trucks. Increase the enforcement on illegal modification of freight vehicles, large tonnage and small labels, etc. in accordance with the law. | x | ||||
| China's Rural Roads in the New Era | 2024 | In 2011, the Regulations on the Administration of Highway Safety were promulgated, clarifying the work of law enforcement patrols, illegal construction clearance, and the management of vehicles with out-of-gauge goods and/or overloaded vehicles. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Encourage key freight source enterprises to install and operate network-connected weighing and video monitoring systems, and establish a normalized retrospective accountability mechanism for addressing illegal overloading and oversize violations | x | ||||
| Promote the development of multimodal transport, optimize and adjust the transport structure Work Program (2021-2025) | 2021 | Deepen the management of overloaded road freight vehicles. | x | ||||
| About accelerating the transformation and upgrading of the road freight industry | 2019 | Strengthen the management of overloaded trucks. Strictly implement the unified national overload identification standards and the joint law enforcement process of overload inspection stations, put an end to repeated fines, fines without unloading, etc., clarify and announce the joint law enforcement model of overload inspection stations in each region, and strictly implement the "one violation, four penalties". Fully install electronic capture systems at overload inspection stations on ordinary highways. Establish and improve long-term mechanisms and emergency control measures to crack down on illegal behaviors of breaking through checkpoints in accordance with the law, and accelerate the sharing of vehicle information and law enforcement information. Incorporate standardized overload control law enforcement into the annual assessment targets of local governments, strengthen law enforcement supervision and assessment, and broaden complaint and reporting channels. | x | ||||
| Circular of the General Office of the State Council on Strengthening the Control of Overloading and Overloading of Vehicles | 2008 | Transport and public security departments at all levels shall strengthen coordination and cooperation and, in accordance with nationally unified standards for identifying and penalizing overloading and over-dimensioning, jointly conduct concentrated rectification of overloaded and over-dimensioned vehicles at inspection stations for governing overloading and over-dimensioning. Strictly manage transport market access. Strictly implement the "Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Road Transport." Vehicles that do not meet national standards shall, without exception, not be issued vehicle operating permits and shall be prohibited from entering the transport market. A national monitoring network for overloaded and over-dimensioned vehicles shall be gradually formed to implement long-term and effective monitoring and inspection of such vehicles. | x |
Performance-based transport maintenance contracts
| Outline for the Development of Inland Waterway Transport | 2020 | Coordinate the construction, management, maintenance and use of infrastructure. Improve the regular maintenance management tracking and analysis mechanism of inland waterways and the market-oriented mechanism of dredging and maintenance. Strengthen infrastructure maintenance investment and operation management. | x | ||||
| Deepening Rural Roads Opinions on management and maintenance system reform | 2019 | Accelerate the market-oriented reform of rural road maintenance. Take the satisfaction and benefit level of the people, maintenance quality and efficiency of fund use as the measurement standards, classify and orderly promote the market-oriented reform of rural road maintenance, and gradually establish a maintenance production organization model with a reasonable division of labor between the government and the market. Encourage the bundling of trunk road construction and maintenance with rural roads in bidding, and support maintenance companies to participate in market competition across regions. Encourage professional maintenance companies to increase investment and improve the level of maintenance mechanization through the signing of long-term maintenance contracts and bidding agreements. | x |
Planning to reduce future vulnerabilities and minimizing losses
| Opinions on promoting high-quality development of inland waterway transportation | 2025 | We will promote the construction of safe waterways, coordinate the development of waterways, bridges and ships, strengthen the management of safety risks and hidden dangers in key waters such as bridge areas, and prevent and resolve the safety risks of ships colliding with bridges and the safety risks of obstructing river flooding. We will deepen the construction of safe ports, continue to strengthen the safety management of dangerous goods port operations, and implement the dual prevention mechanism of safety production risk classification management and hidden danger investigation and management. | x | x | |||
| China's Nationally Determined Contribution Report 2035 | 2025 | By 2035, climate change monitoring and early warning capabilities will reach internationally advanced levels for the same period. The climate risk management and prevention system will be mature and well-established (🎧 ), and the risks of major and severe climate-related disasters will be effectively controlled and prevented. | |||||
| Notice on Supporting and Guiding the Digital Transformation and Upgrading of Road and Waterway Transportation Infrastructure | 2024 | Promote infrastructure safety and efficiency. Focusing on improving industry management, digitally transform the safety monitoring, operation control, and emergency command and dispatch systems of channel infrastructure. Accelerate the application of new-generation information collection, intelligent analysis and processing systems, etc. Promote the construction of digital management and maintenance systems, operation monitoring and early warning platforms, digital overload control and large-scale transportation full-chain supervision systems, and emergency command and dispatch systems. Promote the optimization and reconstruction of business processes and operating mechanisms, effectively improve the ability to identify and warn safety risks, respond quickly, and deal with them in a coordinated manner, and continuously improve the level of public services and industry governance. | |||||
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Development of Urban Integrated Transportation Systems | 2023 | Build monitoring systems for urban roads, bridges, tunnels, and other facilities, and improve the early warning, emergency, and evacuation linkage system to ensure timely accident reporting and rapid response. Strengthen risk prevention and control management at key nodes of urban rail transit projects, establish a structural safety assessment system, and promptly address facility safety hazards. Promote the development of market-based mechanisms for detecting and testing hidden dangers in urban roads, bridges, and tunnels, and encourage the research, development, and use of advanced detection and testing equipment. | x | x | |||
| The People's Republicof China Fourth National Communication on Climate Change | 2023 | monitored the status of transport infrastructure across the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau in permafrost areas under the influenceof climate change and improved the capability of the transport systems to withstandclimate risks. China has established climate change monitoring, assessment and early warningsystems. It has put in place climate change impact and extreme event monitoring, earlywarning and response systems. Agriculture, forestry, water resources, marine, emergencymanagement and other climate-sensitive sectors are building adaptation technologysystems. China has established collective monitoring and prevention mechanisms at county, township, village, and group levels. A total of 5,700 landslide and debris flowautomated monitoring points have been set up across the country. The country's geological disaster and meteorological early warning system has covered 31 provinces, autonomousregions, and municipalities directly under the central government, 323 cities andprefectures, and 1,679 counties. China has successfully responded to major meteorological disasters such as super typhoons, catastrophic floods, and severe droughts, and establisheda cross-departmental national early warning system. China has significantly improved its disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities. It has issued policies such as the National Disaster Prevention and MitigationPlan(2016-2020), and employed technologies to systemically improve accuracy inearlywarnings, plan implementation, risk management and control, rescue, recovery, andreconstruction on the basis of comprehensive understanding of disaster causes, occurrenceand evolution in the context of global climate change. | |||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Special action for urban rail transit operation safety. Organize the preparation of technical conditions for the operation access of key equipment systems such as vehicles, communications, signals, and automatic ticket vending and inspection. Guide local governments to urge operating units to establish and improve risk databases, hidden danger investigation manuals, and hidden danger investigation and management work records in accordance with regulations, and achieve "one database for one enterprise", "one book for one post", and "one account for one line". Promote local governments to establish and improve the management and coordination mechanism of urban rail transit protection zones and strengthen external risk prevention and control. | x | x | |||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation | 2022 | Improve the safety risk assessment and safety protection capabilities of major infrastructure, and make breakthroughs in technologies such as geological disaster monitoring and early warning, mountain disaster impact, highway disaster monitoring in uninhabited areas, safety environment management along railways, all-factor water-based area traffic control, and urban road collapse hidden danger detection and early warning. Transportation safety production assurance and collaborative control technology. Improve the level of digital safety supervision of the transportation network, and carry out technical research on dynamic monitoring and early warning of the operation status of the transportation network, intelligent risk assessment, and efficient intelligent control. Strengthen the research and development of intelligent and efficient safety assurance technologies for the construction of major transportation infrastructure, and promote the research and application of major risk monitoring, assessment and prevention and control technologies for urban rail transit operations. Strengthen the research and development of risk monitoring and intelligent control technologies for safe operation of large-scale comprehensive transportation hubs, and promote the research and development of technologies such as port safety production detection, monitoring and early warning, and intelligent risk identification and control. | x | x | x | ||
| "14th Five-Year" National Road Traffic Safety Plan | 2022 | Improve and perfect the road traffic emergency management and rescue standard system, establish a road traffic emergency resource library, open up the risk monitoring, perception, identification, and early warning information links of various departments, and realize the real-time sharing and transmission of cross-departmental information data and a map of traffic emergency management. Improve the reporting and handling system of road traffic emergency information, and strengthen the monitoring and analysis of emergency information such as accidents and disasters. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Strengthen the safety risk assessment and hierarchical and classified management and control of transportation infrastructure, strengthen the identification of major risk sources and dynamic monitoring, analysis, prediction and early warning of the entire process, build meteorological monitoring and early warning systems in important channels, hubs and shipping areas, and improve the ability of transportation infrastructure to adapt to climate change. Strengthen early warning, protection, and monitoring systems for high-speed railways by integrating civil, physical, and technological defense measures, and enhance the construction of railway disaster prevention and mitigation facilities. Security protection of key infrastructure. Implement safety inspections and risk prevention and reinforcement actions for old railways, old hub stations, shipping hubs, large navigation buildings and other facilities. | x | x | x | ||
| Outline of the Medium- and Long-Term Development Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation (2021-2035) | 2022 | Promote the research and development and application of intelligent and rapid maintenance technologies, and study technical methods and standard systems such as infrastructure structural reinforcement, durability improvement, and post-disaster repair. Promote the design of a quality control system and platform for the entire life cycle of transportation infrastructure based on blockchain technology, and accelerate the construction of an integrated platform for major infrastructure safety and disaster risk control and emergency measures. Strengthen the research on key technologies for real-time dynamic monitoring and early warning of the safety and technical performance of key facilities such as highway bridges and tunnels. Tackle active safety assurance technologies for rail transit. Carry out research and development of key technologies such as urban rail transit safety coordination, networked operation organization and emergency response, equipment status monitoring and intelligent early warning, smart operation and maintenance, and intelligent management and control of protected areas. Breakthroughs in railway operation environment risk monitoring and prevention based on integrated air, space, vehicle and ground information, all-round intelligent identification and early warning of perimeter intrusion on high-speed railways, active safety assurance of high-speed train operation in complex and harsh operating environments, high-speed train system operation and maintenance assurance based on fault prediction and health management, full-process safety monitoring and real-time tracking of dangerous goods railway transportation, and on-site monitoring and command decision support for railway emergencies. | x | x | |||
| "14th Five-Year" Civil Aviation Development Plan | 2021 | Actively promote the application of new technologies in areas such as operational risk monitoring, early warning, and efficient security inspections. Continuously enhance runway safety protection, hazardous materials transportation, and device tracking and surveillance capabilities. Increase safety investment in small and medium-sized airports and formulate appropriate safety standards for them. Conduct safety assurance capability assessments for civil aviation airports and air traffic control, optimize safety capacity building, and strengthen support for key areas such as safety technical standards, new safety technologies, and fund management and resource allocation. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Highways | 2021 | Promote the establishment of a mutual support mechanism for road network emergency response forces, establish and improve liaison and coordination mechanisms with relevant departments such as meteorology, emergency management, and natural resources, deploy early warning and prevention measures, and ensure effective information dissemination, press publicity, public opinion guidance, and emergency preparedness. Focus on deploying demonstration applications of disaster monitoring and early warning for highway infrastructure in disaster-prone areas, comprehensively establish a structural safety monitoring system covering key structures such as long bridges and tunnels, high slopes, and retaining structures, and enhance disaster risk prevention and control capabilities. | x | ||||
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | Strengthen preventive maintenance and safety assessment of transportation infrastructure, strengthen long-term performance observation, improve data collection, testing and diagnosis, maintenance and treatment technical systems, increase efforts to control defects, and eliminate safety hazards in a timely manner. | |||||
| Outline for the Development of Inland Waterway Transport | 2020 | Improve the safety risk prevention and control and supervision system. Improve the dual prevention mechanism of safety production risk classification control and accident hazard investigation and treatment, and establish a complete safety risk list. Promote enterprises to implement the main responsibility for safety production and the construction of safety production standardization, and strengthen pre-event and in-event safety supervision. Continue to strengthen safety supervision in key waters, key ports, key ships, and key time periods, and strengthen joint prevention and control in important areas such as dangerous chemical transportation, water passenger transportation, and urban ferry transportation. Improve emergency management mechanisms and plans, incorporate them into the urban emergency plan system, strengthen the construction of professional rescue and emergency management talent teams, support the development of social rescue forces, and improve the public's water transportation safety literacy and awareness. Improve safety supervision and emergency rescue capabilities. Establish and improve the inland waterway emergency rescue command system, improve the layout planning and construction of water transportation safety supervision and rescue systems, strengthen the promotion and application of new equipment and technologies such as drones and underwater robots, and strengthen the construction of core capabilities such as dynamic perception and early warning of water transportation, rapid and effective rescue of human lives, and disposal of ship oil spills and hazardous chemicals. Accelerate the normalization of the Beidou navigation system on the Yangtze River trunk line and the Xijiang shipping trunk line, and gradually cover the inland rivers across the country. Upgrade and improve the waterway transportation emergency command system at all levels, and strengthen the effective monitoring of the "four categories" of key ships and key waters and key waterways. Improve the safety risk prevention and control and monitoring system. Improve the dual prevention mechanism of safety production risk classification control and accident hazard investigation and treatment, and establish a complete safety risk list. Promote enterprises to implement the main responsibility for safety production and the construction of safety production standardization, and strengthen pre-event and in-event safety supervision. Continue to strengthen safety supervision in key waters, key ports, key ships, and key time periods, and strengthen joint prevention and control in important areas such as dangerous chemical transportation, water passenger transportation, and urban ferry transportation. | x | ||||
| Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Nation | 2019 | Improve the support and guarantee system and strengthen the construction of safety facilities. Establish a natural disaster transportation prevention and control system to improve the transportation disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities. Strengthen comprehensive traffic safety management and effectively improve the level of traffic safety. |
Port electrification
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Integrated Development of Transportation and Energy | 2025 | Promote the comprehensive utilization of clean energy in ports and waterways according to local conditions. Combined with the existing conditions of ports, docks, and waterways, and under the premise of ensuring the safety of port operations and ship navigation, relying on harbors, warehouses, breakwaters, etc., promote the development and utilization of new energy such as ocean energy, photovoltaics, and wind power in situ according to local conditions. Encourage container hubs and seaports to scrap and update new energy and clean energy container trucks in ports. Rely on the layout of port facilities to build ship charging (replacement) stations and refueling stations. | x | ||||
| Opinions on promoting high-quality development of inland waterway transportation | 2025 | Create green and low-carbon ports. Accelerate the application of green and low-carbon technologies in ports, promote the use of new energy and clean energy such as green electricity, hydrogen, and LNG in port machinery and port transportation equipment, encourage the development of distributed energy, and build inland river near-zero carbon terminals. Promote the use of shore power by ships when they are at port in accordance with the law. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Energy Conservation and Carbon Reduction 2024-2025 | 2024 | Improve the level of electrification of energy consumption in stations, railways, airports, etc., promote the use of new energy for non-road mobile machinery, and accelerate the matching and transformation of domestic transport ships and port shore power facilities. | x | ||||
| Guidance on implementing vigorous renewable energy substitution actions | 2024 | Promote the use of shore power by ships at ports and encourage the pilot application of green electric smart ships. | x | ||||
| Implementation Plan for Promoting Low-Carbon Development in the Railway Industry | 2024 | Promote the construction and regular use of railway, train, ferry terminals and ship shore power facilities. | x | x | |||
| Opinions on strengthening the clean and efficient use of coal | 2024 | Increase the proportion of green collection and distribution in coastal and river ports, and promote the normal use of shore power by ships at ports in accordance with the law. | x | ||||
| Action Plan on Demonstrating and Promoting the Use of Shore Power by Container Ships and Cruise Ships on International Routes at Ports (2023-2025) | 2023 | Accelerate the transformation of ship power receiving facilities. Shipping companies shall actively promote the transformation of existing international trunk container ships and cruise ships that do not have power receiving facilities in accordance with the target of ship power receiving facility installation rate, strengthen technical connection with berthing terminals, and coordinate ship-shore power supply facilities with relevant ports and other shore power supply companies to ensure that ships can use shore power normally at berthing terminals. Regarding the normal use of ship and port shore power. By the end of 2023, ships and port enterprises that meet the conditions for use will achieve normal use of shore power. Regarding the power consumption of shore power at terminals. By 2025, the electricity consumption of international trunk container ships and cruise ships at berth will increase significantly compared to 2022. Accelerate the construction and transformation of shore power facilities at terminals. Port companies and other relevant shore power supply companies shall accelerate the construction and transformation of existing container terminals and cruise terminals without shore power facilities and shore power facilities that have been built but do not meet the power supply requirements in accordance with the target of shore power facility coverage at terminals, formulate new construction and transformation plans, complete inspections in a timely manner, and coordinate ship-shore joint debugging with relevant shipping companies, and strengthen the daily maintenance of shore power facilities at transformed terminals to ensure the quality of shore power supply. The construction and renovation of shore (receiving) power facilities for international containers, cruise terminals and ships shall comply with relevant international and domestic standards and specifications, and high-voltage shore (receiving) power facilities shall be constructed, and the capacity, voltage, frequency, and specifications and quantity of connectors of ship-shore facilities shall be ensured to match each other. | x | ||||
| The People's Republicof China Fourth National Communication on Climate Change | 2023 | To advance the utilization of shore power for ship berthing, the Ministry of Transport hasformulated or revised regulations in terms of shore power for ports and ships andport engineering construction as well as mandatory industry standards on the constructionandtesting of shore power facilities of ports. | x | ||||
| The People's Republicof ChinaThird Biennial Update Reporton Climate Change | 2023 | It is actively improving its public transportation system with various facilitationmeasures for the development of multi-modal transport, railway electrification, liquidnatural gas (LNG)-fueled vehicles and ships, energy-efficient and new-energyvehicles, electric vehicle charging and hydrogen refueling infrastructure, shore power supply for ships and aircrafts, as well as compelled natural gas (CNG) and LNG dispensers. | x | ||||
| China's Green Development in the New Era | 2023 | China has also updated the pollutant discharge standards gas (LNG) powered boats and transformation of shore power facilities, and accelerated the transformation or elimination of obsolete vehicles and boats. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Strictly implement national and local pollutant control standards and ship emission area requirements, and promote qualified ships to use shore power according to regulations after docking. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Continue to promote the construction of port terminal shore power facilities and airport aircraft auxiliary power unit replacement facilities, promote the transformation of ship power receiving facilities, and continuously improve the use rate of shore power. Promote the green transformation of existing transportation facilities, and accelerate the construction and use of port ship shore power facilities and airport electric facilities and equipment. | x | ||||
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | Explore the construction of an inland water green shipping comprehensive service area that integrates shore power, ship charging, pollutant reception, LNG refueling and other services. Promote the use of new and clean energy in the addition and replacement of port operating machinery, port vehicles and tugboats, freight terminal operating vehicles, etc. Promote the regular use of shore power facilities. Accelerate the transformation of power receiving facilities for existing operating ships and continuously increase the installation ratio of power receiving facilities. Orderly promote the transformation of shore power facilities at existing terminals, and further increase the shore power coverage rate of five types of specialized berths at major ports, as well as 2,000-ton-class and above terminals (except oil, gas and chemical terminals) on the Yangtze River main line and Xijiang shipping main line. Strengthen the publicity and implementation of national standards for low-voltage shore power connectors, issue the "Technical Specifications for Operation and Maintenance of Port Shore Power Facilities", and strengthen the inspection and operation and maintenance of shore power facilities. Strictly implement the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of the Yangtze River", revise the "Management Measures for Port and Ship Shore Power", strengthen the supervision of shore power use, and ensure that ships with power receiving facilities use shore power in accordance with regulations when berthing at berths with shore power supply capacity. Shore power promotion and application action. Deepen the construction and use of shore power in key areas (Yangtze River Economic Belt, Xijiang Shipping Trunk, Bohai Rim), key provinces and cities (Shanghai, Shenzhen, Hainan, Tianjin, etc.), and key routes (Qiongzhou Strait and Bohai Bay inter-provincial passenger transport), and strive to increase the utilization rate of shore power facilities. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Modern Transport Hub System | 2021 | Promote the accelerated application of new energy and clean energy in hub operation machinery, facilities and equipment, and strengthen the application of intelligent energy supply and distribution, shore power facilities, etc. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Water Transport | 2021 | Promote the regular use of shore power facilities. Newly built docks and ships should simultaneously construct shore power facilities and power receiving facilities in accordance with laws and regulations. Accelerate the renovation of existing ship power receiving facilities and the construction of shore power facilities at docks. Strengthen the supervision of shore power use, strive for supporting policies for shore power, promote the regular use of shore power in key areas such as the Yangtze River Economic Belt, gradually achieve the full use of shore power by cruise ships at port, and significantly increase the shore power utilization rate at container, passenger, ro-ro passenger, and large bulk cargo terminals and ships. Improve the efficiency and level of application of clean energy in port vehicles and machinery, and promote the application of distributed power generation technologies such as wind energy and solar energy in ports. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan on Modern Energy System Planning | 2021 | Implement port shore power and airport land power transformation. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030 ('1+N') | 2021 | We will further promote the use of shore power by ships while in port. We will further promote the use of shore power by ships while in port | x | ||||
| Medium- and long-term plan for the development of the hydrogen energy industry (2021-2035) | 2021 | In areas with high operational intensity and fixed routes—such as mining areas, ports, and industrial parks, pilot demonstrations of hydrogen fuel cell freight transport should be explored, along with application verification of vehicles equipped with 70 MPa hydrogen storage tanks. | x | ||||
| Promote the development of multimodal transport, optimize and adjust the transport structure Work Program (2021-2025) | 2021 | Accelerate the green and intelligent transformation of ports and hubs, coordinate the matching transformation of ships and port shore power facilities, and further promote the use of shore power by ships when they are at port. Promote the planning and construction of supporting facilities such as charging, swapping, and refueling in port hubs. Demonstrate the application of new energy heavy-duty trucks in scenarios such as short-distance transportation in port areas and yards and fixed-line transportation. Accelerate the green and intelligent transformation of ports and hubs, coordinate the matching transformation of ships and port shore power facilities, and further promote the use of shore power by ships when they are at port | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Plan for the Construction of Modern Logistics System | 2020 | Actively promote the transformation and use of shore power for ships, ports, and airport bridges. | x | ||||
| Outline for the Development of Inland Waterway Transport | 2020 | Promote the use of shore power by ships at ports. | x |
Private sector cooperation
| Digital Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2021 | Make full use of market mechanisms and diversify funding sources. Encourage and guide the participation of private and social actors in innovative applications such as new transport infrastructure, smart mobility, and smart logistics. | |||||
| Mid- to Long-term Development Plan for the Automotive Industry | 2017 | Guide private capital, emerging technology companies, etc. to enter the automotive field in accordance with the law. | x |
Private sector investment/ PPP
| "14th Five-Year" Civil Aviation Development Plan | 2021 | Promote reform of the civil aviation investment and financing system, broaden financing channels, and reduce financing costs. Improve and innovate investment and financing mechanisms to attract social capital to actively participate in civil aviation infrastructure development. Promote public-private partnerships (PPPs) in a standardized and orderly manner, promote the use of real estate investment trusts (REITs) and other infrastructure-related instruments in civil aviation, and establish a flexible, diverse, and balanced investment and financing environment. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Deepen the reform of the investment and financing system, give full play to the leverage effect of government investment, stimulate the vitality of private investment, and form a market-led investment endogenous growth mechanism. Improve the project planning, reserve, and promotion mechanism, increase the guarantee of factors such as funds and land, and accelerate the implementation of investment projects. Promote the government-private partnership (PPP) in a standardized and orderly manner, promote the healthy development of real estate investment trusts (REITs) in the infrastructure field, effectively activate existing assets, and form a virtuous cycle of existing assets and new investments. |
Promote active transport
| 14th Five-Year Plan on Modern Energy System Planning | 2021 | Vigorously advocate green travel modes such as bicycles and public transportation. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Green Mobility | 2020 | Through the green travel construction campaign, we will advocate a simple, moderate, green and low-carbon lifestyle, guide the public to give priority to public transportation, walking and cycling and other green travel modes, | x | x | x | ||
| China's First NDC Submission | 2016 | Promote the construction of urban walking and bicycle transportation systems and advocate green travel. | x | x |
Public transport improvement - General
| 2024 Work Plan for Five People's Livelihood Matters, including Expansion, Improvement and Efficiency of Accessible Transportation Services for the Elderly | 2024 | Accelerate the promotion and application of low-floor and low-entry urban public buses and trams, and build 500 new urban public bus and tram lines that respect and love the elderly. Create 20 urban rail transit operation service brand lines, optimize the station and train environment, promote the optimization and transformation of entrances and exits and transfer facilities, and provide a safe, convenient and warm riding environment and services for various groups including the elderly. We will strengthen urban transportation services for primary and secondary school students, open 500 bus routes to school, and urge online ride-hailing platforms to give priority to ensuring the demand for rides with primary and secondary schools as the starting and ending points during peak hours. | x | x | x | ||
| China's Rural Roads in the New Era | 2024 | Providing all villages with access to bus services. To ensure easy access to bus services for every rural resident, local authorities have put in place extensive rural passenger transport networks that provide full coverage and connect urban and rural areas, with county seats as hubs, towns and townships as nodes, and administrative villages as terminuses. Improving policies for sustainable development. Meeting a variety of travel needs, public passenger transport services in rural areas have extensive coverage and high operating costs. To ensure sustainability, a subsidy system has been established for vehicle purchase, platform development, and transport operations. New models have also been explored, such as promoting government purchase of services and providing subsidies on a performance basis. To ensure both service quality and cost efficiency in areas with low passenger volumes, flexible models adapted to local travel needs have been adopted, such as localized and booking-based operations. | x | ||||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Deeply implement the strategy of giving priority to the development of urban public transportation. Vigorously improve the quality of urban public transportation services, optimize the travel structure, improve the diversified travel network, expand the breadth and depth of urban public transportation services, and enhance the competitiveness and attractiveness of urban public transportation. Promote the development of customized road passenger transport services in an orderly manner, promote the entry of customized passenger vehicles into hubs, business districts, and communities, orderly promote the public transportation of passenger routes in adjacent areas, and improve the supply of tourist passenger transport services. Strengthen the comprehensive management of urban traffic congestion and promote the steady increase or maintain the share of motorized travel in urban public transportation at a reasonable level. | x | x | |||
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Development of Urban Integrated Transportation Systems | 2023 | Encourage the construction of transfer parking facilities at peripheral rail transit stations in large and medium-sized cities to guide residents to prioritize public transportation. | x | x | x | ||
| China's Green Development in the New Era | 2023 | China has also emphasized the strategy of giving priority to urban public transport. | |||||
| The People's Republicof China Fourth National Communication on Climate Change | 2023 | The Ministry of Transport and other ministries have jointly issued action plans for greentravel for the period from 2019 to 2022, laying out the strategy for prioritizingurbanpublic transport, building demonstration cities for public transport, instructinglocal governments to ramp up efforts on public transport development, stepping up policysupport and driving urban development with public transport. The Ministry of Transport and the NDRC have jointly issued the criteria for green travel evaluation to guide local governments in terms of green travel and its demonstration projects on public transport in87 cities. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Improve the public passenger transport infrastructure in major tourist attractions, and encourage existing road passenger stations to add tourist distribution centers or expand tourist distribution service functions. Scientifically plan and adjust the urban bus network, optimize the departure frequency and operation time, and expand the breadth and depth of bus services. Improve the diversified public transportation service network, build rapid bus and micro-circulation bus service systems, and develop customized bus, night bus, water bus and other special service products. Deepen the reform of urban public transportation management system, improve and perfect the government service purchasing mechanism, and establish ticket system and fare guidance and adjustment mechanism. Increase investment in public transportation development and priority traffic capacity, and improve the reliability and attractiveness of public transportation services. | x | x | |||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Actively promote the extension of urban bus lines to surrounding towns and functional nodes, encourage adjacent cities (towns) within the metropolitan area to operate buses, and carry out bus-like transformation of passenger routes. Build a multi-mode convenient public transportation system. Deeply implement the public transportation priority development strategy and continue to deepen the construction of national public transportation cities. Large cities will form an urban public transportation system with ground public transportation as the main body, and develop rapid public transportation in important passenger flow corridors. Small and medium-sized cities will improve the efficiency of urban public transportation operations and gradually increase station coverage and service levels. Promote the coordinated control of urban road traffic lights to ensure priority for public transportation; promote the release of real-time public transportation operation information on electronic bus stops, Internet information platforms, etc., optimize transfer guidance signs, popularize transportation cards, mobile payment and other services, and increase the attractiveness of public transportation. Promote the transformation of rural passenger transport into public transport in areas with conditions to ensure the public's travel. Strengthen supervision, encourage and standardize the development of customized road passenger transport services. | x | x | |||
| Implementation Plan for New Urbanization in the 14th Five-Year Plan | 2022 | Orderly promote the public transportation operation of inter-city road passenger transportation. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Highways | 2021 | Strengthen the renovation of outdated road passenger terminals at the prefecture and county levels, and promote the construction and relocation of new ordinary road passenger terminals at these levels. Accelerate the integrated development of urban and rural passenger transport. In areas with higher urbanization levels, strong economic foundations, dense populations, and concentrated passenger flows, actively promote the extension of urban bus services and the transformation of intercity bus services into public transport models. Encourage the intensive development of rural passenger transport to improve its level of organization and resilience to risks. Promote the implementation of county-level governments' primary responsibility and establish a sound, sustainable development mechanism for rural passenger transport. Support the integration of rural passenger transport with postal, commercial, supply and marketing, and logistics services, and foster a new model of rural passenger transport characterized by “multi-functional points, multi-purpose networks, and deep integration.” | x | x | |||
| Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030 ('1+N') | 2021 | We will vigorously promote new-energy vehicles, while gradually reducing the proportion of cars that run on traditional oil-based fuels in new car sales and car ownership, promote the replacement of public service vehicles with electric vehicles and the use of heavy cargo trucks fueled by electricity, hydrogen fuel, and liquefied natural gas. We will develop public transport service systems that are fast, convenient, comfortable, and linked efficiently, and actively encourage people to choose green and low-carbon means of transportation. We will develop public transport service systems that are fast, convenient, comfortable, and linked efficiently, and actively encourage people to choose green and low-carbon means of transportation. | x | ||||
| Digital Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2021 | Promote the intelligentization of urban passenger transport. Promote the intelligent operation and management of smart public transportation and urban rail transit, and enhance the flexible operation capacity of public transportation. Promote the comprehensive application of urban transportation big data, realize the integration of information and comprehensive services. Promote the application of technologies such as fast intelligent security inspection and fast payment. Actively adopt the "traditional + intelligent" approach to solve the travel problems of the elderly, the disabled and other groups. | x | x | x | ||
| New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035) | 2021 | Vehicles in the public sector will be fully electrified. Accelerate the construction of a new type of intelligent transportation management and control system covering front-end information collection, edge distributed computing, and cloud collaborative control. Accelerate the application of new energy vehicles in fields such as car-sharing, urban public transport, taxis, and site vehicles, and optimize the environment for the use of new energy vehicles in the public service sector. | x | ||||
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | We will implement the public transportation priority development strategy, build an urban public transportation system with urban rail transit as the backbone and conventional public transportation as the main body, promote the urban land development model oriented towards public transportation, and increase the share of urban green transportation. Megacities will make full use of underground space and buildings of rail transit to optimize passenger evacuation. | x | x | x | ||
| Voluntary National Review 2021 - CHN | 2021 | Hardened roads have been built and bus services made available to connect all administrative villages where possible. High-quality public mobility needs are met. Passenger transportation has become more specialized, capable of providing personalized services, and become better structured, with medium and long-distance passenger flow gradually shifting from roads to high-speed rail and flights. | x | x | x | ||
| Action Plan for Green Mobility | 2020 | Through the green travel construction campaign, we will advocate a simple, moderate, green and low-carbon lifestyle, guide the public to give priority to public transportation, walking and cycling and other green travel modes, | x | x | |||
| Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Nation | 2019 | Strengthen the comprehensive management of urban traffic congestion, give priority to the development of urban public transportation, encourage and guide green public transportation travel, and reasonably guide individual motorized travel. Improve the level of rail transit commuting in urban clusters, promote the public transportation operation mode of inter-city road passenger transport, and create a passenger intermodal transportation system. Promote the integration of urban and rural passenger transport services, improve the level of equalization of public services, and ensure that urban and rural residents have a ride for travel demand. Cultivate a vibrant general aviation and suburban railway market, improve government procurement service policies, and steadily expand the market size of short-distance transportation, public welfare services, and aviation consumption. |
Public transport intermodality - General
| Five-year action plan for deepening the implementation of a people-oriented new urbanization strategy | 2024 | Explore the extension of central city rail transit to surrounding towns, and encourage the use of direct access to major stations and other stop methods. Promote the "four-network integration" development of trunk railways, intercity railways, suburban railways, and urban rail transit to achieve "zero-distance" transfers and integrated services. | x | x | |||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | The level of integration, intensiveness and complexity of comprehensive transportation hubs has been significantly improved, with the railway access rate to major coastal ports exceeding 95% and the rail transit access rate to hub airports exceeding 80%. | x | x | x | ||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Accelerate the functional improvement and integration of existing passenger transport hub stock facilities, and improve the configuration of hub public facilities such as automatic walkways and wind and rain corridors. Encourage different modes of transportation to jointly build and share facilities and equipment such as ticket sales, boarding and alighting, and parking and transfer, and establish a unified, continuous, and clear hub guide sign system. Promote the integrated development of urban rail transit with trunk railways, intercity railways, and suburban railways, build a "one network" for operation management and services, and realize interconnection of facilities, interoperable ticketing systems, mutual recognition of security checks, information sharing, and payment compatibility. Accelerate the construction of urban public transportation hubs, and improve the efficiency of collection and distribution and the convenience of transfers. Strengthen the seamless transfer connection between rail transit stations and public buses, trams and bicycles, and realize convenient transfer between public buses, trams and bicycles within 100 meters around the main entrances and exits of rail transit. | x | x | |||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Improve the global connectivity and resource allocation capabilities of international integrated transportation hubs, and enhance the international gateway functions of some hubs. Optimize the passenger and freight transfer facilities, collection and distribution networks, and rapid connection systems between passenger terminals in national integrated transportation hubs. Enhance the connection and transfer capabilities of regional integrated transportation hubs, and develop port hubs. Strengthen the functional complementarity, facility connectivity, and operational coordination between integrated transportation hub cities at different levels. Optimize the layout of passenger transport stations and urban public transportation hubs, encourage the layout of the same station, and strengthen the effective connection with the urban transportation system. For comprehensive passenger transport hubs with large potential transfer demand, make good land and space reservations for connecting channels. Promote the layout of three-dimensional transfer facilities in newly built comprehensive passenger transport hubs, encourage transfers on the same platform, implement convenient transformation of existing hub transfer facilities, and promote convenient transfers between major modes of transportation. Integrate information resources of different modes of transportation connected to comprehensive passenger transport hubs, and strengthen the connection of data, time, and capacity. Strengthen the efficient connection between hub airports and rail transit to make transfers more convenient. Promote the interconnection of large comprehensive passenger transport hubs in megacities through rail transit. Build a metropolitan area on rails. Build a multi-level rail transit network in the metropolitan area, promote the integration and connection of trunk railways, intercity railways, suburban railways, and urban rail transit, and reasonably promote cross-line operation of rail transit. Super-large and mega-cities build a rapid public transportation network with rail transit as the backbone, develop urban rail transit in a scientific and orderly manner, and promote the integrated development of rail transit, conventional public transportation, and slow-moving transportation networks. Accelerate the development of passenger intermodal transport. Optimize the security inspection process across transport modes and promote mutual recognition of security inspection. Strengthen the coordinated connection of operational information, schedules, and capacity arrangements between trunk transport modes and between urban transportation and trunk transport modes, and provide a "bottom-line" service for the first and last buses. Promote the construction of urban terminal buildings and promote direct baggage check-in services. Cultivate passenger intermodal transport operators, innovate integrated intermodal products, and enrich comprehensive transportation information service products. | x | x | x | ||
| Implementation Plan for New Urbanization in the 14th Five-Year Plan | 2022 | Promote the effective connection of intra-city and extra-city transportation and the "four-network integration" of rail transportation. Build a comprehensive transportation hub cluster, optimize the urban functions of comprehensive transportation hubs, create an integrated comprehensive passenger transport hub system, promote the layout of three-dimensional transfer facilities in new hubs, encourage transfers on the same platform, and implement convenient transformation of existing hub transfer facilities. Optimize the layout of bus and subway station points and lines, and improve the “last mile” public transportation network. | x | x | x | ||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Highways | 2021 | Strengthen the construction of integrated passenger and freight hubs. In accordance with the principle of "zero-distance transfer," actively promote the construction of integrated passenger transport hubs, improve the efficiency of connections and transfers between roads, railways, airports, and urban public transportation networks, encourage the sharing of facilities and equipment, strengthen barrier-free facilities, and enhance integrated service levels. Accelerate the development of intermodal passenger transport. Actively promote the "Mobility as a Service" concept and develop one-stop travel services based on smart terminals. Actively develop intermodal transport modes such as road-rail and road-air, fully leveraging the flexibility and convenience of road transport to effectively connect the passenger travel chain and effectively improve travel efficiency. Strive to achieve "one-stop ticket purchase, seamless connection, and single ticket (or certificate) access" for passenger travel. Accelerate the cultivation of professional intermodal passenger transport operators, integrate online and offline resources, and innovate integrated intermodal transport products. Strengthen the connection between road passenger transport and urban public transportation networks. Promote the transformation and development of road passenger transport. Further optimize the passenger transport structure, encourage the development of customized medium- and short-distance road passenger routes, and strengthen integration with high-speed rail, aviation, and other modes to better meet the public's door-to-door and point-to-point travel needs. Encourage the opening of dedicated tourist routes and direct tourist buses from airports and railway stations to major scenic spots. Optimize the supply of integrated transportation and tourism products, providing passengers with personalized transportation and tourism services such as themed, customized, and menu-based tours. | x | x | x | ||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Modern Transport Hub System | 2021 | The transfer distance of new comprehensive passenger transport hubs is within 300 meters. Focusing on hub airports, hub seaports, railway hub stations, etc., improve the transfer and refitting function facilities and supporting service networks, and enhance the cross-regional personnel exchanges and material transfer organization functions. Newly built comprehensive passenger transport hubs should strengthen the centralized layout of functional areas such as railways, water transport, civil aviation, highways, urban rail, and urban public buses and trams, optimize the streamline design in accordance with the requirements of functional space sharing, facility and equipment sharing, and convenient and efficient transfers, and create an all-weather, multi-scenario, integrated transfer environment. Aviation-dominated comprehensive passenger transport hubs should uniformly set up transportation centers, synchronously plan and build rail transit, highway passenger transport, urban public transportation and other facilities on the same site to achieve seamless connection between land and air transportation. Water transport-dominated comprehensive passenger transport hubs should realize shared service function spaces such as water transport and road passenger transport. Railway-dominated comprehensive passenger transport hubs should compactly arrange rail transit, road passenger transport, urban public transportation and passenger transfer space, promote the close construction of the main buildings of passenger stations for different modes of transportation, and directly connect the internal functional spaces, and promote hubs with conditions to realize the main functions of various modes of transportation in the same building. Promote the unification, continuity, consistency and clarity of hub traffic guidance signs. Promote the transformation of railway passenger stations, airports, and passenger terminals into comprehensive passenger transport hubs with more convenient transfers. Promote the improvement of transfer and docking facilities in existing comprehensive passenger transport hubs, optimize the layout and management process of functional spaces such as transfers, waiting, ticket sales and collection, and parking, strengthen the direct and transit functions of passengers, and effectively shorten the transfer distance. Promote large-scale comprehensive passenger transport hubs to conveniently access highways and expressways through dedicated channels, elevated ramps, etc., and optimize the organization of hub access and surrounding traffic. Promote efficient connectivity between international and regional hub airports, large railway passenger stations, etc. and rail transit, and strengthen multi-directional connections. Encourage the use of urban rail transit, rapid bus, etc. to strengthen convenient connections between major passenger stations. Accelerate the construction of direct rail transit between large-scale comprehensive passenger transport hubs. Strengthen the effective integration of various modes of transportation in terms of operating time and capacity allocation, and publish information on surrounding road conditions, weather and other aspects in real time to create conditions for improving the level of transfer services. | x | x | x | x | x |
| 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Promote the integration of urban agglomeration and metropolitan area transportation. Build a multi-level, integrated comprehensive transportation hub system, optimize the layout of hub stations, promote intensive and comprehensive development, improve the collection and distribution system, develop passenger intermodal transportation and multimodal transportation of goods, and promote the "one-stop" and "one-order" services throughout the entire process. Comprehensive transportation and logistics hub. Promote the integrated intelligent upgrading and transformation of existing passenger transport hubs and the integration of stations and cities, and implement the introduction of rail transit projects into hub airports. | x | x | x | x | |
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | It will take half an hour to reach the comprehensive passenger transport hub from the central urban area, and the public transportation transfer time between the comprehensive passenger transport hubs in the central urban area will not exceed 1 hour. Promote the unified planning, design, construction and coordinated management of comprehensive transportation hubs and postal express hubs. Promote the centralized layout of various modes of transportation in newly built comprehensive passenger transport hubs, realize space sharing, three-dimensional or same-platform transfers, and create an all-weather, integrated transfer environment. Promote the effective connection of urban and external transportation. Promote the integrated construction of trunk railways, intercity railways, and suburban railways, and coordinate with urban rail transit to build a "one network" for operation management and services, and realize the interconnection of facilities, ticket systems, security inspections, information sharing, and payment compatibility. Strengthen the organic integration of railway, highway passenger transport hubs and airports with urban public transportation network systems, and guide the rational and orderly development of cities along large-capacity public transportation corridors. | x | x | |||
| Promote the development of multimodal transport, optimize and adjust the transport structure Work Program (2021-2025) | 2021 | Fully tap the resources of urban railway stations and lines, and innovate road-rail multimodal transport modes such as "external collection and internal distribution" for production and living materials. | X | x | |||
| Voluntary National Review 2021 - CHN | 2021 | Seamless connection is available between modes of transportation, such as high-speed rail, urban passenger transport, rail transit, and civil aviation. | x | x | x | ||
| Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Nation | 2019 | Build an integrated transportation network for urban agglomerations and promote the integrated development of main line railways, intercity railways, urban (suburban) railways, and urban rail transit. Promote the construction of urban public transportation facilities and strengthen the connection between urban rail transit and other modes of transportation. Improve the level of rail transit commuting in urban clusters, promote the public transportation operation mode of inter-city road passenger transport, and create a passenger intermodal transportation system. | x | ||||
| The General Office of the State Council on further strengthening Opinions on Urban Rail Transit Planning and Construction Management | 2018 | Strengthen the integration of urban rail transit and other modes of transportation. Urban rail transit planning should be connected with national railway, intercity railway, hub airport and other planning, and convenient and efficient transfers should be achieved through transportation hubs | x | x |
Public transport pricing
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Deepen the reform of urban public transportation management system, improve and perfect the government service purchasing mechanism, and establish ticket system and fare guidance and adjustment mechanism. Increase investment in public transportation development and priority traffic capacity, and improve the reliability and attractiveness of public transportation services. | x | x |
Rail improvement - General
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Integrated Development of Transportation and Energy | 2025 | Safely and orderly develop clean energy for railway infrastructure. Make full use of resources such as waiting buildings, freight yards, station buildings, and railway lines, comprehensively consider the impact of light environment and safety, and carry out photovoltaic transformation of existing stations that meet the conditions, and build photovoltaic roofs and photovoltaic carports. The roofs of newly built large-scale railway stations shall be reserved with the basic conditions required for installing photovoltaic power generation, and the stations shall be encouraged to apply clean energy. | x | ||||
| Five-year action plan for deepening the implementation of a people-oriented new urbanization strategy | 2024 | Improve intercity commuting efficiency. Steadily promote the construction of metropolitan rail transit network. Make full use of trunk railways to provide intercity train services, give priority to the use of existing line network resources to operate suburban trains, orderly build urban suburban railways along the main corridors of commuter passenger flow, and promote small-scale and bus-like operations. Explore the extension of central city rail transit to surrounding towns, and encourage the use of direct access to major stations and other stop methods. Promote the "four-network integration" development of trunk railways, intercity railways, suburban railways, and urban rail transit to achieve "zero-distance" transfers and integrated services. | x | x | |||
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Construction of International Aviation Hubs | 2024 | Continue to promote the coordinated operation of civil aviation and other modes of transportation, including rail transit. Comprehensive transportation hub collection and distribution system, strengthen planning coordination and integration and effective connection of facilities with trunk railways, intercity railways, urban (suburban) railways, urban rail transit, trunk road networks, public transportation, etc., and increase the rail transit access rate of hub airports. | x | x | x | ||
| Implementation Plan for Promoting Low-Carbon Development in the Railway Industry | 2024 | The scale of green railways and the number of green passenger stations have increased significantly, the proportion of green locomotives such as electric and new energy vehicles has further increased, the proportion of green electricity use has gradually increased, the utilization of clean energy and prevention of air pollution in the railway field have been effectively promoted, new progress has been made in the promotion and application of green and low-carbon technologies, equipment and products, the market share of railway transportation has steadily increased, transportation efficiency has continued to improve, the green development standard system has been basically improved, and the statistical, evaluation, assessment and incentive mechanisms for green and low-carbon development of railways have been basically sound. Promote the green transformation of railway stations, logistics parks, etc. | x | ||||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Continue to run public welfare "slow trains" well, and further improve the level of public welfare transportation and inclusive services. Consolidate and expand the results of passenger bus access in qualified towns and established villages, improve rural passenger transportation infrastructure, optimize the operation organization model, improve service quality, improve rural passenger transportation subsidy policies, and ensure the sustainable and stable development of rural passenger transportation. | x | ||||
| The People's Republicof China Fourth National Communication on Climate Change | 2023 | The railway sector has seenwideapplications of new environment-friendly technologies, equipment and processes as well as new energy, new materials and new products. Efforts have been made to strengthentheexamination of energy-efficient, environment-friendly and resource-conserving or sharingtechnologies, optimize energy-efficient designs for railway engineering and stations, pursue green development throughout the process of railway planning and constructionand advocate green consumption and green travel to help weaken the energy consumptionintensity at a steady step. | x | ||||
| China's Green Development in the New Era | 2023 | China has significantly reduced paper usage by introducing electronic railway tickets nationwide and encouraging electronic invoicing. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Deepen the market-oriented reform of railway transportation prices, strictly implement relevant regulations on port operation service charges, and improve port charging policies. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation | 2022 | Promote the continuous development and application of rail transit equipment such as high-speed trains with a speed of 400 kilometers per hour, maglev trains with a speed of 600 kilometers per hour or above, unmanned subway trains, and standardized subway trains. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Comprehensively apply new technologies, reform and innovate management models, and improve the overall operational efficiency of the railway network. Take into account transportation needs and benefits, rationally plan and construct railway projects, and strictly control the construction of high-speed railway parallel lines. Increase the number of train stops and the frequency of stops at important passenger flow hubs, encourage bus-like operations during peak hours, and improve the quality of commuter services. Optimize the organization of high-speed railway transportation, expand the scope of Fuxing EMU operation, gradually achieve high-speed operation of high-speed railways, improve the service quality of conventional railways, and encourage the operation of evening departure and morning arrival trains. Make full use of the surplus capacity of existing railways to operate suburban trains. Improve the level of inclusive and equal passenger transport services. Continue to run public welfare "slow trains", optimize the operation plan, and improve station and train conditions. | x | ||||
| Implementation Plan for New Urbanization in the 14th Five-Year Plan | 2022 | Improve the connectivity and convenience of urban Metropolitan Areas, coordinate the use of existing and new lines to develop intercity railways and suburban railways according to local conditions, and develop urban rail transit in an orderly manner. | x | x | |||
| Outline of the Medium- and Long-Term Development Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation (2021-2035) | 2022 | Break through technologies such as railway intelligent collaborative integrated transportation service design and new railway transportation organization. break through key technologies on high-speed (heavy-load) railways. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Basically build Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei on the rail, and improve the coordination level of airport clusters and port clusters. Accelerate the construction of intercity railways and urban suburban railways, and promote the development of urban rail transit in an orderly manner. | x | ||||
| Digital Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2021 | Smart railways. Promote the intelligent upgrading and transformation of high-speed railways, and promote the application of next-generation train control systems and intelligent traffic dispatching and command systems. | x | ||||
| Opinions on Further Improving the Work of Railway Planning and Construction | 2021 | We will scientifically and orderly promote railway planning and construction, prevent and resolve debt risks, and comprehensively enhance railway safety, quality, efficiency, service guarantee capabilities, and comprehensive development strength. By 2035, we will optimize and improve the layout and structure of the railway network, and keep the scale and level of railway debt within a reasonable range, so as to take the lead in accelerating the construction of a strong transportation country and provide strong support for the comprehensive construction of a modern socialist country. Establish and improve the railway construction planning and management mechanism, and scientifically demonstrate the timing and plan of project construction. | x | ||||
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | Use modern control technology to improve the intelligent level of train dispatching and transportation management of the entire railway network. | x | ||||
| Promote the development of multimodal transport, optimize and adjust the transport structure Work Program (2021-2025) | 2021 | Tap the potential of existing dedicated railway lines and promote shared use of shared lines. Vigorously develop railway express, and promote the development of specialized multimodal transport such as cold chain, hazardous chemicals, and domestic mail and express. Promote the Haoji, Daqin, Tangbao, Wanji, Shuohuang and other railways to meet demand at their maximum transportation capacity. Deepen the market-oriented reform of railways, promote the diversification of railway transport market players, study and promote the transfer of equity and cross-holding of railway, port, shipping and other enterprises, standardize the operation of road freight platform enterprises, and establish a unified, open, competitive and orderly transportation service market. | x | ||||
| Voluntary National Review 2021 - CHN | 2021 | City clusters will be conveniently linked by intercity railway, commuter rail, expressway loops, and urban rail transit. | x | x | |||
| 14th Five Year Plan for the Construction of Modern Logistics System | 2020 | Promote the separation of railway passenger and freight lines in trunk transport corridors with conditions and needs. | x | ||||
| Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Nation | 2019 | Build an integrated transportation network for urban agglomerations, and promote the integrated development of main line railways, intercity railways, urban (suburban) railways, and urban rail transit. | x | x |
Rail infrastructure expansion
| Opinions on promoting high-quality development of inland waterway transportation | 2025 | Accelerate the opening of the "last mile" of the railway to the port, develop a collection and distribution system that integrates various modes of transportation, and improve the level of facility connectivity. | x | x | |||
| Action Plan for Reducing Costs, Improving Quality and Increasing Efficiency of Transportation and Logistics | 2024 | Implement railway freight network projects, improve conventional railway networks and heavy-duty railways, continuously optimize multimodal transport systems such as "west coal to east", "north coal to south", and "north grain to south", and strengthen the capacity building of Xinjiang coal export channels. | x | ||||
| Action Plan to Effectively Reduce Logistics Costs in the Whole Society | 2024 | Implement the railway freight network project, coordinate planning, appropriately strengthen the construction of conventional railways, increase the proportion of heavy-load railways, enhance the capacity of key freight channels, and strengthen the railway freight network. | x | ||||
| Five-year action plan for deepening the implementation of a people-oriented new urbanization strategy | 2024 | Improve intercity commuting efficiency. Steadily promote the construction of metropolitan rail transit network. Make full use of trunk railways to provide intercity train services, give priority to the use of existing line network resources to operate suburban trains, orderly build urban suburban railways along the main corridors of commuter passenger flow, and promote small-scale and bus-like operations. | x | x | |||
| Implementation Plan for Promoting Low-Carbon Development in the Railway Industry | 2024 | Improve the transportation capacity of railway backbone channels, promote the transformation of sections with limited trunk railway capacity, and improve the coverage of railway networks in central and western regions. Improve the railway collection and distribution system and promote the strengthening and supplementation of existing railway networks. | x | ||||
| Opinions on strengthening the clean and efficient use of coal | 2024 | Optimize the coal storage and transportation network. Continuously improve the coal railway transportation network, increase the proportion of railway dedicated lines accessed by large and medium-sized coal enterprises, accelerate the expansion and transformation of existing coal transportation railways, improve the layout of railway collection and transportation stations, strengthen the construction of collection and distribution railways, and fully release the capacity of heavy-load coal transportation railway corridors. Optimize the layout of coal ports and enhance the railway collection and distribution capacity. Further increase the proportion of medium and long-distance coal railway transportation in major coal producing areas, create a multimodal transport system with railways and waterways as the backbone, and effectively prevent and control dust pollution during transportation. | x | x | |||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Solve the problem of too much blank space in the road network in the western region, improve the coverage of trunk railways, the smoothness of trunk roads and the equalization of rural roads. Improve the collection and distribution system of port areas and parks, and promote railway direct access to large-scale port areas of major ports. Accelerate the construction of "Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei on Rails" and strengthen the interconnection of transportation infrastructure between Beijing's sub-center and the central urban area and the three northern counties of Langfang. Promote higher quality integrated development of transportation in the Yangtze River Delta region, and jointly build the "Yangtze River Delta on Rails" and a shipping hub radiating to the world. Accelerate the planning and construction of suburban railways in metropolitan areas such as Beijing and Shanghai, coordinate the construction and utilization of surplus capacity of existing railways, develop suburban railways according to local conditions, and support the market-oriented operation of intercity and suburban trains through appropriate technical transformation of existing railways with surplus capacity. The rail transit in the central urban areas of key metropolitan areas shall be appropriately extended to surrounding cities (towns) with reasonable systems. Promote the construction of the new western land-sea corridor. Open up the bottleneck section of the central railway corridor and the missing section of the western railway corridor. Promote the upgrading and reconstruction of Pakistan's Main Railway Line 1 (ML-1), the China-Myanmar Muse-Mandalay Railway Railway and other projects, and speed up the preliminary work of China-Kyrgyzstan-Niao Railway, China-Nepal Cross-Border Railway and other projects. | x | x | |||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Optimize the integrated rail transit network of key urban agglomerations such as the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and the Chengdu-Chongqing Twin Cities Economic Circle, and comprehensively improve the level of commuting. Promote the public transportation operation of suburban railways and intercity roads in urban agglomerations and metropolitan areas, promote the appropriate extension of urban agglomeration central city rail transit to surrounding cities (towns), and orderly promote the implementation of urban and rural passenger transportation public transportation transformation in adjacent areas. Accelerate the construction of port collection and distribution railways, ensuring that key port areas of major coastal and inland ports with suitable conditions are basically connected to such rail links. Newly build or relocate large-scale industrial and mining enterprises and logistics parks with a bulk cargo transport volume of more than 1.5 million tons, and encourage the simultaneous planning and construction of dedicated railway lines. Increase the support for flight routes and high-speed rail services to key tourist cities. Accelerate the construction of additional double-track branch lines and connecting lines. | x | x | |||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Build a modernized railway network by giving equal emphasis to passenger and freight transport, advancing both new construction and reconstruction, and promoting coordinated development of high-speed and conventional railways. Accelerate the construction of conventional rail lines and the capacity expansion and upgrading of existing railways, with a focus on eliminating bottlenecks along main lines. Strengthen capacity on congested sections of existing railways and expedite efforts to improve railway network coverage in central and western regions. Strengthen the construction of development railways and branch railways in resource-rich areas and relatively densely populated poverty-stricken areas. Strengthen the rear railway channel capacity of ports such as Tongjiang, Erlianhot, Alashankou, Horgos, Ruili, and Mohan. Overall promote the construction of intercity railways and suburban railways in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, orderly promote the construction of intercity railways and suburban railways in the Chengdu-Chongqing Twin Cities Economic Circle, strengthen the integrated connection with high-speed railways and conventional railways, and expand the effective coverage of towns with a population of more than 50,000. Further improve the maritime strategic corridor, plan to build the Asia-Europe land-sea trade corridor and the Northeast land-sea trade corridor, and make up for the shortcomings of infrastructure along the route. | x | x | |||
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | Accelerate the construction of port collection and distribution railways and railway special lines for logistics parks, large industrial and mining enterprises, and promote the "road to rail" and "road to water" transportation of bulk goods and medium and long-distance goods. | x | x | x | ||
| Implementation Plan for New Urbanization in the 14th Five-Year Plan | 2022 | By 2025, the operating mileage of intercity railways and suburban railways will be increased by 3,000 kilometers, and the accessibility between major cities will basically be achieved within 2 hours. Before 2025, the construction of key urban clusters will have made significant progress, and the rail transit sysetms of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area will have been basically completed. Improve the connectivity and convenience of urban Metropolitan Areas, coordinate the use of existing and new lines to develop intercity railways and suburban railways according to local conditions, and develop urban rail transit in an orderly manner. | x | x | |||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Modern Transport Hub System | 2021 | In principle, international aviation hubs should achieve the connection of 2 or more rail transit lines. National railway comprehensive passenger transport hubs should achieve the connection of 2 or more suburban railways or urban rails. The container and bulk dry bulk cargo operation areas of major coastal and inland ports across the country should achieve railway connection, and new freight hubs (logistics parks) with an annual freight volume of more than 1.5 million tons of bulk cargo should achieve railway connection; coordinate and promote the construction of the collection and distribution system of air freight hubs. | x | x | x | x | |
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Water Transport | 2021 | Strengthen the construction of collection and distribution railway facilities. Promote the construction of railway access to major ports, focus on the implementation of railway access branch lines and "last mile" construction projects in hub port areas such as Tangshan Jingtang, Tianjin Dongjiang, Qingdao Dongjiakou, Shanghai Waigaoqiao, Suzhou Taicang, and Shenzhen Yantian, and improve the railway collection and distribution capacity. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Build a fast network and basically connect the "eight vertical and eight horizontal" high-speed railways. Improve the arterial network. Accelerate the construction of conventional railways and the electrification of existing railways, and optimize the layout of railway passenger and freight. Improve the depth of transportation accessibility and promote regional railway construction. Improve the railway container transport capacity, promote the expansion and transformation of China-Europe express transport channels and ports, build dedicated railway lines for large industrial and mining enterprises, logistics parks and key ports, and fully realize railway access to major ports on the Yangtze River main line. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030 ('1+N') | 2021 | We will continue to construct special railway lines for industrial and mining enterprises, ports, and logistic parks, and accelerate development of high-level inland waterway networks so as to facilitate a shift in bulk cargo transportation and mid-long distance freight transportation from highways to railways and waterways. We will continue to construct special railway lines for industrial and mining enterprises, ports, and logistic parks, and accelerate development of high-level inland waterway networks so as to facilitate a shift in bulk cargo transportation and mid-long distance freight transportation from highways to railways and waterways. We will continue to construct special railway lines for industrial and mining enterprises, ports, and logistic parks. | x | ||||
| Opinions on Further Improving the Work of Railway Planning and Construction | 2021 | Accelerate the promotion of railways into ports, logistics parks and large industrial and mining enterprises, and promote the transfer of bulk and medium- and long-distance cargo transportation to railways. | x | ||||
| Promote the development of multimodal transport, optimize and adjust the transport structure Work Program (2021-2025) | 2021 | accelerate the expansion and transformation of bottleneck sections of railway trunk lines Improve the layout of railway logistics bases Accelerate the construction of port railways, dedicated railway lines and closed belt corridors in the region Promote the construction of a double-deck high-container transportation demonstration channel from Ningbo to Jinhua according to local conditions, and accelerate the construction of multimodal transport projects such as the second phase of the Shanghai-Nantong Railway and the Waigaoqiao Port Area loading and unloading line project, the Pudong Railway capacity expansion and reconstruction project, the Beilun branch line double-track reconstruction project, and the Meishan Port Area Railway Branch Line, the Nansha Port Area Port Railway, the Pingyan Railway Double Track, and the Jinyong Railway Suxi Container Handling Station. | x | ||||
| Outline for the Development of Inland Waterway Transport | 2020 | Major ports and key port areas have basically achieved rail access. | x | x |
Rail safety
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Special action for urban rail transit operation safety. Organize the preparation of technical conditions for the operation access of key equipment systems such as vehicles, communications, signals, and automatic ticket vending and inspection. Guide local governments to urge operating units to establish and improve risk databases, hidden danger investigation manuals, and hidden danger investigation and management work records in accordance with regulations, and achieve "one database for one enterprise", "one book for one post", and "one account for one line". Promote local governments to establish and improve the management and coordination mechanism of urban rail transit protection zones and strengthen external risk prevention and control. | x | x | |||
| Opinions on Further Improving the Work of Railway Planning and Construction | 2021 | We will scientifically and orderly promote railway planning and construction, prevent and resolve debt risks, and comprehensively enhance railway safety, quality, efficiency, service guarantee capabilities, and comprehensive development strength. | x |
Railway electrification
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Integrated Development of Transportation and Energy | 2025 | Carry out the planning of railway electrification transformation and promote new models of clean energy power supply. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Energy Conservation and Carbon Reduction 2024-2025 | 2024 | Improve the level of electrification of energy consumption in stations, railways, airports, etc., promote the use of new energy for non-road mobile machinery, and accelerate the matching and transformation of domestic transport ships and port shore power facilities. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Large-Scale Equipment Renewal in Transportation | 2024 | Establish a standard system for new energy locomotives and supporting projects. Promote the construction of new energy locomotives and green and low-carbon standard systems, fully absorb advanced technologies and experiences at home and abroad, coordinate the development of national standards, industry standards, and group standards, and achieve comprehensive coverage of product technology, quality and safety, monitoring and measurement, evaluation and certification, and supporting projects by the standard system. Encourage the construction of supporting projects such as power battery charging, hydrogen fuel and alternative fuel filling, explore the construction of integrated comprehensive service capabilities for the use, maintenance, overhaul and supporting projects of new energy locomotives, and build a complete locomotive full life cycle application system. | x | ||||
| Guidance on implementing vigorous renewable energy substitution actions | 2024 | Actively explore the development of electrified roads and increase the intensity of railway electrification transformation. | x | ||||
| Implementation Plan for Promoting Low-Carbon Development in the Railway Industry | 2024 | Promote the electrification of railways. Promote the electrification of existing railways in an orderly manner, and give priority to the use of electrification standards for new and rebuilt railway projects. Upgrade the power supply system to ensure the stable supply of electricity for electrified railways. Promote the green transformation and upgrading of the power supply side access technology of the electrified railway power supply system, and vigorously develop and promote new integrated technologies of "power, network, vehicle, and storage". | x | ||||
| Opinions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Comprehensively Advancing the Construction of a Beautiful China | 2024 | Promote the green transformation of railway stations, civil airports, ports, logistics parks, and railway electrification. old internal combustion locomotives will be basically phased out | x | ||||
| The People's Republicof China Fourth National Communication on Climate Change | 2023 | With redoubled efforts in electrification of existing railways and a gradual rise in the shareof electrified railways in transport, China has made remarkable progress in the roadnetwork electrification rate, which rocketed to 73.3% in 2021 from60.8%in2015. Furthermore, heavy haul railways for cargo transport, including Haolebaoji-Ji'an Railway, Tangshan-Baotou Railway and Watang-Rizhao Railway which have been completedandput into operation, are promoted to greatly improve transport efficiency and reduce carbonemissions in railway cargo transport on a continual basis. The declining energyconsumption in railway transport over the years has contributed greatly to the low-carbondevelopment of China's transport sector. For example, the comprehensive energyconsumption for transport in the national railway system in 2020 dropped to 4.07 tons of standard coal per kilometer. | x | ||||
| The People's Republicof ChinaThird Biennial Update Reporton Climate Change | 2023 | It is actively improving its public transportation system with various facilitationmeasures for the development of multi-modal transport, railway electrification, liquidnatural gas (LNG)-fueled vehicles and ships, energy-efficient and new-energyvehicles, electric vehicle charging and hydrogen refueling infrastructure, shore power supply for ships and aircrafts, as well as compelled natural gas (CNG) and LNG dispensers. | x | ||||
| China's Green Development in the New Era | 2023 | China has continued the green transformation of mobile railway equipment. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation | 2022 | Develop new energy and clean energy transportation equipment, focusing on breakthroughs in transportation electrification technology equipment, hydrogen energy safety application technology for vehicles and ships and other transportation equipment, new railway energy systems and traction power supply technology. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | steadily promote railway electrification transformation. | x | ||||
| Opinions on Promoting Green Development in the Joint Construction of the Belt and Road Initiative | 2022 | Encourage enterprises to participate in overseas railway electrification upgrade and transformation projects. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Accelerate the construction of conventional railways and the electrification of existing railways, and optimize the layout of railway passenger and freight. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030 ('1+N') | 2021 | We will make the railway system more electricity based. We will make the railway system more electricity based. | x |
Recycle and circular economy in Transport
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | Establish and improve a modern full life cycle safety management system for engineering construction and operation quality, and improve traffic safety production laws, regulations, systems and standards. |
Reduction of transport/ logistics costs
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Encourage enterprises to build digital supply chain platforms based on production and sales big data, develop flexible manufacturing, reverse customization and order-based production, promote centralized procurement and distribution, unified warehousing and distribution, and automatic replenishment, and promote cost reduction and efficiency improvement. Support supply chain enterprises to unite upstream and downstream, strengthen integrated production, supply, marketing, storage and transportation operations, and reduce inventory and transportation costs. | |||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Modern Transport Hub System | 2021 | Enterprises are encouraged to leverage transport hubs to develop end-to-end logistics chains covering the entire process from raw material procurement to product sales. This includes innovating in areas such as supply chain inventory management, production line logistics, and supply chain finance, with the goal of reducing the overall operating costs across the entire logistics chain. | |||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Standardize and reduce logistics charges for port shipping, road and rail transportation, and comprehensively clean up and standardize charges related to enterprises. | x | x | x | ||
| Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Nation | 2019 | Implement tax and fee reduction policies, optimize logistics organization models, improve logistics efficiency, and reduce logistics costs. |
Reference to domestic financing mechanisms
| Guiding Opinions on Further Building a High-Quality Charging Infrastructure System | 2023 | Improve financial service capabilities, make full use of existing financial support policies, promote equity, project income rights, franchise rights and other pledge financing methods, and broaden the financing channels for charging infrastructure investment and operation companies and equipment manufacturers through green bonds. Development financial institutions are encouraged to innovate financing support models and implement special projects for urban parking and charging "one network". | x | ||||
| Implementation Plan for New Urbanization in the 14th Five-Year Plan | 2022 | Optimize the expenditure structure of fiscal funds, issue local government special bonds to support qualified public welfare urban infrastructure construction projects. Innovate the urban investment and operation model, promote the coordination of public facilities construction and land potential value exploration, and improve the balance of revenue and expenditure. Guide social funds to participate in urban development, construction and operation, standardize and promote the government and social capital cooperation (PPP) model, and steadily promote the pilot of real estate investment trust funds (REITs) in the field of infrastructure. | |||||
| National Highway Network Plan | 2022 | Establish and improve a debt risk monitoring mechanism for expressways, and urge and guide regions with heavy debt burdens to strictly control the scale of newly started projects. Reform and innovate investment and financing policies, and further improve multi-channel, multi-level, and diversified investment and financing models. Strengthen the ability to guarantee funds, implement the responsibility for expenditure, and encourage the participation of social capital in national highway construction. Actively revitalize existing assets, encourage the steady implementation of real estate investment trusts (REITs) pilot projects in the field of infrastructure in the field of highways, and form a virtuous cycle of existing assets and new investments. Adjust toll road policies, and revise laws and regulations such as the Highway Law and the Toll Road Management Regulations in a timely manner to promote the sustainable and healthy development of highways. | x | ||||
| Outline of the Medium- and Long-Term Development Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation (2021-2035) | 2022 | Strive for support from central government science and technology research and development funds, promote the establishment of a national basic research joint fund in the field of transportation, increase the support for scientific and technological research and development and achievement promotion from research and experimental fees for engineering construction projects, actively strive for fiscal funds to support basic, long-term, and public welfare science and technology work in transportation, encourage enterprises to establish a stable growth mechanism for science and technology investment, strengthen science and technology financial innovation, and improve a diversified investment mechanism. | |||||
| Opinions on Further Improving the Work of Railway Planning and Construction | 2021 | Intercity railways, suburban railways, branch lines and dedicated railway lines are mainly funded by relevant local governments and enterprises, and project owners can choose the construction and operation method independently. Trunk railways are jointly funded by the central and local governments. China State Railway Group Co., Ltd. plays a major role and is responsible for project construction and operation. Projects with better expected benefits should actively attract social capital participation. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Green Mobility | 2020 | Local transportation authorities at all levels should actively coordinate with financial departments to provide necessary financial support for the creation action in accordance with the "Overall Plan for the Green Life Creation Action". Strengthen the guiding role of financial funds in green travel, coordinate the use of existing funding channels, encourage local governments to arrange funds, and increase support for the green travel creation action. | |||||
| The General Office of the State Council on further strengthening Opinions on Urban Rail Transit Planning and Construction Management | 2018 | Strengthen the guarantee of project construction and operation funds. City governments should establish a transparent and standardized long-term mechanism for the investment of capital and operation and maintenance funds to ensure that the construction funds of urban rail transit projects are in place in a timely and sufficient manner. Except for projects that clearly adopt the franchise model in the urban rail transit construction plan, the investment of fiscal funds in the total investment of the project shall not be less than 40%, and it is strictly prohibited to use various types of debt funds as project capital. Strengthen the expenditure responsibility of city governments for the entire life cycle of urban rail transit projects and ensure the necessary operation and maintenance funds. Support various regions to deepen the reform of the investment and financing system in accordance with laws and regulations, actively attract private investment to participate in urban rail transit projects, encourage diversified operations, and increase the comprehensive development of stations. Standardize the government and social capital cooperation (PPP) in the field of urban rail transit, and revitalize existing assets through various means. Research on the use of innovative forms such as renewable bonds and project income bonds that can be included in equity to promote the market-oriented financing of urban rail transit projects, and carry out feasibility studies on asset securitization of qualified operation period projects. | x | x | |||
| Highway Safety Protection Act | 2010 | The people's governments at or above the county level shall include the funds needed by the government and its relevant departments for highway management and maintenance, as well as the funds needed by highway management agencies to exercise highway administrative functions, into the fiscal budgets of the people's governments at the same level, except for the funds for highway protection of special highways. | x |
Reference to international financial support
| The People's Republicof China Fourth National Communication on Climate Change | 2023 | in 2021, China officially submitted China's Achievements, New Goals and New Measures for NationallyDetermined Contributions, highlighting its climate mitigation and adaption goals andactions. Based on the new goals and actions, some studies estimated China's financial spending for climate mitigation mainly stems from the electric power sector (approximately 9.8 trillion yuan from 2021 to 2030, and approximately 57.6 trillionyuanfrom 2030 to 2060), the transport sector (approximately 6.3 trillion yuan from2021to2030, and approximately 31.1 trillion from 2030 to 2060), the construction sector (approximately 3.9 trillion yuan from 2021 to 2030, and approximately 18.4 trillionyuanfrom 2030 to 2060). | |||||
| Outline of the Medium- and Long-Term Development Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation (2021-2035) | 2022 | Strive for support from central government science and technology research and development funds, promote the establishment of a national basic research joint fund in the field of transportation, increase the support for scientific and technological research and development and achievement promotion from research and experimental fees for engineering construction projects, actively strive for fiscal funds to support basic, long-term, and public welfare science and technology work in transportation, encourage enterprises to establish a stable growth mechanism for science and technology investment, strengthen science and technology financial innovation, and improve a diversified investment mechanism. |
Renewable energy
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Integrated Development of Transportation and Energy | 2025 | By 2035, we will promote the comprehensive integration and interaction of transportation and new energy systems, and initially establish a transportation energy system with clean and low-carbon energy consumption as the main focus, scientific and technological innovation as the key support, and green and smart conservation as the orientation. The proportion of electricity in the transportation industry to the industry's terminal energy consumption will remain high, and green electricity developed based on transportation infrastructure will be mainly consumed and utilized locally. The transportation green fuel supply system will be basically established. Comprehensively promote the development and utilization of clean energy for highway infrastructure. Actively promote new technologies such as flexible power transmission and distribution, intelligent regulation, grid-type energy storage, and shallow geothermal utilization, and support the planning and construction of source-grid-load-storage-charging integrated projects along highways. Build charging (replacement) stations, gas stations, and hydrogen stations along highways, in urban areas, and in distribution centers. Promote the on-site direct charging of green electricity for new energy vehicles in service facilities along highways to increase the proportion of green electricity consumption for new energy vehicles. Encourage transportation hubs and stations to use geothermal energy, air energy and other renewable energy for cooling and heating, and reasonably allocate new energy storage and flexible hydrogen production resources. | x | ||||
| Guidance on implementing vigorous renewable energy substitution actions | 2024 | Synergistic integration and diversified substitution, coordinate the integration and substitution of renewable energy with industry, transportation, construction, agriculture and rural areas, and economically and efficiently promote the diversified development and substitution of power generation, heating, gas production and hydrogen production. Accelerate the integration and interaction of transportation and renewable energy. Build a renewable energy transportation corridor. Encourage the construction of photovoltaic storage charging and discharging multifunctional integrated stations in highway rest areas, railway stations, bus stations, airports and ports where conditions permit. Orderly promote the pilot application of green and clean liquid fuel for vehicles. | x | x | x | x | |
| Implementation Plan for Innovative Application of General Aviation Equipment (2024-2030) | 2024 | With electrification as the main direction, while taking into account other technical routes such as hybrid power, hydrogen power, and sustainable fuel power, we will accelerate breakthroughs and upgrades in aviation electric propulsion technology, and carry out key technology research such as efficient energy storage, energy control and management. | x | ||||
| Implementation Plan for Promoting Low-Carbon Development in the Railway Industry | 2024 | Actively explore and promote new modes of self-consistent wind, solar, hydrogen and storage green energy power supply and optimize the use of traditional electrification systems. Promote the distributed access of new energy in traction substations and traction networks. | x | ||||
| China's Energy Transition | 2024 | In 2023, the share of clean energy consumption reached 26.4 percent of China's total energy use, up 10.9 percentage points from 2013. In the same period, the share of coal consumption dropped by 12.1 percentage points. In 2023, the total installed capacity of power generation reached 2,920 GW, of which clean energy accounted for 1,700 GW, or 58.2 percent. In the same year, electricity generated from clean energy was about 3,800 TWh, accounting for 39.7 percent of the country's total electricity generation, up by around 15 percentage points from 2013. Over the past decade, electricity generated from clean energy has accounted for more than 50 percent of the increase in total electricity consumption, marking a growing share of green energy in China's energy mix. | |||||
| Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the High-Quality Development of Modern Shipping Services | 2023 | Encourage the exploration and development of commodity derivatives related to green fuel for ships. Guide the major insurance and reinsurance institutions to actively expand shipping insurance business and innovate to provide new energy ship insurance, ship construction insurance and other products. | x | ||||
| The People's Republicof China Fourth National Communication on Climate Change | 2023 | Enhanced Action on Climate Change: China's Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (2015): Increase the share of non-fossil fuels in primary energy consumption to around 20%. Advancing energy production and consumption revolution. China will seek to strengthen the control of energy intensity and consumption, improve energy efficiency, strictly control fossil energy consumption, and give priority to the development of non-fossil energy. China will seek to increase the use of electricity, hydrogen, natural gas, and advanced liquid biofuels in the transport sector. Promoting Green Hydropower Development. Developing Nuclear Power in a Safe and Orderly Manner. Coordinating Efforts in Promoting Wind Power and Solar Power Generationc. Developing Biomass Energy, Geothermal Energy, Ocean Energy andOtherForms of New Energy in Light of Local Conditions. | |||||
| China's Green Development in the New Era | 2023 | Vigorously developing non-fossil energy. China has made rapid progress in building large-scale wind and photovoltaic power stations on infertile and rocky terrain and in deserts. It has steadily developed offshore wind farms, actively promoted rooftop photovoltaic power generation in urban and rural areas, and encouraged distributed wind power generation in rural areas. China has built a structured matrix of large hydropower stations in the basins of major rivers, especially those in the southwest. In accordance with local conditions, it has developed solar, biomass, geothermal and ocean energy, and power generation through urban solid waste incineration. It has developed nuclear power in a safe and orderly manner. Committed to innovation-driven development, China has worked on developing hydrogen energy. It has accelerated the construction of a new power system to adapt to the steady increase in the proportion of new energy. To promote the efficient use of renewable energy, it has carried out appraisals of relevant parties' performance in meeting the set goals for consumption of power generated from renewable energy. | |||||
| The People's Republicof ChinaThird Biennial Update Reporton Climate Change | 2023 | By the end of 2020, China's total installed capacity of renewable energy reached930million kW, of which the cumulative installed capacities of hydropower, wind power, and solar photovoltaic (PV) power recorded 370 million kW, 280 million kW, 250million kW, and 2.952 million kW respectively, each ranking top in the world for 16, 11, 6 and 3 consecutive years. About 40% of China's installed capacity and about 30% of the power generation fall under renewable energy. | |||||
| China's submission to the global stocktake | 2022 | China develop nuclear power in an orderly manner under the premise of ensuring safety and maintain a steady pace of construction, developed biomass energy, geothermal energy and ocean energy according to local conditions, and comprehensively improved the utilization rate of renewable energy. Deepening the reform of the energy system and promoting the efficient allocation of energy resources. | |||||
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | Promote the reasonable layout of photovoltaic power generation facilities in suitable areas such as highways and service areas according to local conditions. Build a market-oriented green technology innovation system to support application research on new energy transportation equipment and facilities, hydrogen fuel vehicles and ships, LNG and biomass fuel ships, etc. | x | x | |||
| "14th Five-Year" Civil Aviation Development Plan | 2021 | Support the utilization of renewable energy such as solar and geothermal energy based on resource endowments and local conditions, and conduct pilot projects for the comprehensive utilization of new energy at airports. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Modern Transport Hub System | 2021 | Encourage hubs to use renewable energy such as solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, and measures such as exterior wall insulation and door and window insulation to promote energy conservation and emission reduction. | |||||
| Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030 ('1+N') | 2021 | We will expand the application of new and clean energy in transportation, such as electricity, hydrogen power, natural gas, and advanced liquid biofuels. | |||||
| China's Mid-Century Long-Term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development Strategy | 2021 | Increase the application of renewable energy such as solar energy, wind energy and geothermal energy in transportation infrastructure, accelerate the improvement of the LNG and hydrogen energy supply (filling) system, and focus on solving the problems of difficult approval, construction, and operation of marine LNG refueling stations. | x | ||||
| New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035) | 2021 | With pure electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid (including extended-range) vehicles, and fuel cell vehicles as the "three verticals," lay out the vehicle technology innovation chain. Develop new-generation modular high-performance vehicle platforms, tackle integrated chassis design for pure electric vehicles and multi-energy power system integration technology. Promote efficient synergy between new energy vehicles and renewable energy. Promote information sharing and integration between new energy vehicles and meteorological and renewable energy power forecasting systems. Coordinate the energy utilization of new energy vehicles with the coordinated dispatch of wind power and photovoltaic power generation to increase the proportion of renewable energy applications. Encourage the construction of multifunctional integrated stations for "photovoltaic-storage-charging-discharging" (distributed photovoltaic power generation - energy storage system - charging and discharging). Support conditional areas to carry out commercial demonstration operations of fuel cell vehicles. | x | ||||
| Outline for the Development of Inland Waterway Transport | 2020 | Increase the promotion and application of new energy and clean energy. Promote LNG energy-saving and environmentally friendly ships, explore the development of pure electric, fuel cell and other power ships, and study and promote the application of solar energy, wind energy, hydrogen energy and other industries. | x | ||||
| Mid- to Long-term Development Plan for the Automotive Industry | 2017 | Encourage regions rich in natural gas, biomass and other resources to develop alternative fuel vehicles, allow vehicles to be labeled as dual-fuel when leaving the factory, carry out pilot projects and promote applications, and promote the diversified development of automotive energy. | x |
Reporting, transparency, feedback mechanism
| Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Integration of Passenger, Freight and Postal Services in Rural Areas | 2024 | Strengthen the comprehensive use of data to provide the public with "one-stop" services such as travel ticket purchase, mailing orders, logistics tracking, reporting feedback, etc. Standardize the integrated development services of rural passenger, freight and mail, and clarify the service process, service timeliness, service price, reporting handling and other requirements. | x | ||||
| Notice on Further Strengthening Accessible Travel Services for the Elderly | 2024 | All localities should strengthen consultation on the construction of barrier-free travel environment for the elderly and supervision of service quality. We should open up channels such as the 12328 transportation service supervision telephone to promptly collect opinions and suggestions from all walks of life on barrier-free travel services. | |||||
| Guidelines for Autonomous Vehicle Transportation Safety Services (Trial) | 2023 | If technical defects, hidden dangers and problems are found in autonomous vehicles during operation, the autonomous transportation operator shall provide feedback to the relevant competent authorities in accordance with the law, and the relevant competent authorities shall urge automobile manufacturers to promptly investigate and rectify, eliminate safety hazards in a timely manner, and ensure production safety. | x | ||||
| Guiding Opinions on Further Building a High-Quality Charging Infrastructure System | 2023 | Implement the responsibilities of grassroots management agencies such as street offices and residents' committees, and establish a "one-stop" coordination and promotion and reporting handling mechanism. | x | ||||
| The People's Republicof ChinaThird Biennial Update Reporton Climate Change | 2023 | Since 2017, the National Bureau of Statistics has included the reduction ratios of carbon intensity into the Statistical Communiqué of the People's Republic of China on the National Economic and Social Development. Under the organization of Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC), the aviation industry completed the verification and audit of CO2 emission reports of flight activities for 2019 and 2020. China has also been actively encouraging their reporting of GHGemissions. For example, companies in the aviation industry have completedthereporting of CO2 emissions from flight activities for the 2019 and 2020 fiscal years. The State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the StateCouncil (SASAC) has actively guided state-owned enterprises to carry out GHGstatistics and accounting. Some state-owned enterprises have set up a carbon asset management information system and are gradually improving their carbon asset management mechanisms, statistical accounting system and GHGemissioninformation disclosure system. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Promote the construction of the second phase of the ministerial platform of the 12328 transportation service supervision telephone system, optimize the platform architecture, improve system functions, upgrade the national shared knowledge base, establish and improve the operation and management system, develop and launch the 12328 WeChat applet, realize multi-channel parallel operation of the 12328 telephone service mode, and further enhance the system's comprehensive service capabilities and service satisfaction. Further improve access to the 12328 transport service supervision hotline for complaints and reports, optimize and adjust the complaint handling process, and deepen and expand system functionalities." | |||||
| Implementation Opinions on Further Improving the Service Capabilities of Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure | 2022 | The government supervision platform should maintain an impartial stance and regularly release the operation status of the province's charging infrastructure to the public. | x | ||||
| Opinions on Strengthening the Protection of Truck Drivers' Rights and Interests | 2021 | Smooth the channels for truck drivers to file complaints and reports. Local transportation and public security departments should set up complaint and reporting hotlines, proactively disclose them to the public, and accelerate the establishment of a linkage mechanism for telephone acceptance, rapid disposal, and timely feedback to ensure that calls can be made, received, and matters are handled well. Complaints and reports from truck drivers on random charges, fines, and illegal law enforcement by management departments received through transportation complaint and reporting hotlines (including the 12345 government service hotline, the 12328 transportation service supervision hotline, etc.) should be raised to the provincial transportation authorities for guidance and supervision, and the principle of handling each matter one by one, investigating immediately upon reporting, and handling immediately upon receiving. Strengthen the application of big data analysis of complaint and reporting hotlines, and timely optimize and improve management measures for universal, regular, and emerging problems in the field of road freight. | x | ||||
| Promote the development of multimodal transport, optimize and adjust the transport structure Work Program (2021-2025) | 2021 | Improve the coordination and promotion mechanism for transport structure adjustment, strengthen comprehensive coordination and supervision and guidance, and strengthen dynamic tracking and analysis and evaluation. | |||||
| Intellegent Automobile innovation and development strategy | 2020 | Establish an open and transparent intellegent vehicles supervision and accident reporting mechanism, and improve the operation supervision system with multi-party linkage, information sharing, real-time and accuracy. | x | ||||
| Financial Subsidy Policy for the Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles (2018) | 2018 | Broaden oversight channels and reinforce regulatory responsibilities. Establish and publicize reporting hotlines or online platforms to fully leverage public supervision. | x | ||||
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Healthy Development of the Taxi Industry | 2016 | It is necessary to disclose information such as taxi operators, number, methods of obtaining operating rights and changes, conduct regular taxi service quality assessments and publish them to the public, and further improve the transparency of industry supervision. | x | x |
Research in transport sector
| Guidelines for the Scientific Planning and Construction of High-Power Charging Infrastructure | 2025 | For large-capacity and high-rate power battery application scenarios such as electric heavy trucks, electric ships, and electric aircraft, carry out single-gun megawatt-level charging technology research and pilot application. | x | x | x | ||
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Integrated Development of Transportation and Energy | 2025 | Establish a research and development platform for transportation and energy integration technology and equipment, and promote cross-industry, cross-departmental and cross-regional collaborative innovation. | |||||
| Action Plan for Improving Transportation Standards (2024-2027) | 2024 | Conduct research on business process standards for electronic documents for dangerous goods transportation and cold chain transportation and multimodal transport documents, standardize the flow information and flow interfaces of electronic documents, solve the problems of transferring and exchanging orders, and promote the realization of the ‘single-document system' and ‘one box system' for multimodal transport. Research and build a standard system that adapts to the development of new energy heavy trucks, support more complete supporting services for new energy vehicles, and create a consumer environment that is more conducive to the development of new energy vehicles. | x | x | x | ||
| Action Plan for Innovation in Transportation Standards Management | 2024 | strengthen exchanges between provincial transportation authorities, standardization committees, scientific research institutions, social groups, and enterprises, and improve the professional level of the transportation industry | |||||
| Action Plan for Large-Scale Equipment Renewal in Transportation | 2024 | Strengthen the research and development and application of green, low-carbon and intelligent innovative technologies, promote the iteration of intelligent sorting equipment, improve sorting efficiency, and promote the intelligent and low-carbon upgrade of equipment. | |||||
| Action Plan for Reducing Costs, Improving Quality and Increasing Efficiency of Transportation and Logistics | 2024 | Research and promote the interconnection project of the inland waterway system, accelerate the construction of the "four vertical, four horizontal and two networks" national high-grade waterways, tap the navigation potential of the Yangtze River, Pearl River and other trunk waterways, accelerate the construction of the Pinglu Canal, and accelerate the preliminary work of the second phase of the Jingjiang River section in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the second phase of the Yangtze River Estuary South Channel Channel Management Project. | x | ||||
| Action Plan to Effectively Reduce Logistics Costs in the Whole Society | 2024 | Support colleges and universities with conditions to deepen cooperation with domestic and foreign logistics companies to create a professional talent training model that integrates talent training, research and innovation, and service enterprises. Encourage major logistics technology research, promote the widespread application of technologies such as big data, fifth-generation mobile communications (5G) and Beidou satellite navigation system, promote the research and development and application of important logistics equipment, and the systematic integration and innovation of smart logistics, and develop 'artificial intelligence + modern logistics'. | |||||
| Implementation Opinions on Promoting the Innovation and Development of Future Industries | 2024 | Promote research on advanced concepts such as supersonic, ultra-efficient subsonic, and new energy passenger aircraft. | x | ||||
| Implementation Plan for Innovative Application of General Aviation Equipment (2024-2030) | 2024 | Focusing on the frontier and emerging cross-cutting fields of general aviation, deepen the integration of industry and education, and promote the joint and precise training of talents by colleges and universities, scientific research institutions and enterprises. Support the research of low-altitude logistics solutions, explore new models of smart logistics, promote the networking of large-scale drone branch logistics, and the large-scale application of drone delivery in emerging scenarios such as cities, rural areas, mountainous areas, and islands, and promote the development of an air logistics and distribution network. | x | ||||
| Action Plan on Demonstrating and Promoting the Use of Shore Power by Container Ships and Cruise Ships on International Routes at Ports (2023-2025) | 2023 | The Water Transport Research Institute of the Ministry of Transport and China Classification Society are responsible for providing technical support in the construction (installation) and inspection of terminal and ship shore (receiving) power facilities, and joint debugging of ship and shore equipment. The Water Transport Science Research Institute of the Ministry of Transport is responsible for monitoring and analyzing shore power construction and usage data, as well as tracking the progress of related work. | x | ||||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Focus on cultivating leading scientific and technological talents and innovation teams in the fields of national strategic and forward-looking research and key core technology research and development in the industry. Promote the construction of national high-end think tanks, strengthen the construction of new think tank alliances in transportation, guide industry scientific research units, colleges and universities, party schools, large enterprise research teams, etc. to accelerate the transformation to new think tanks, support and guide local transportation departments to carry out the construction of new think tanks, give full play to the role of 'old transportation' think tanks, and build a high-level, multi-level, and distinctive new think tank system for transportation. Identify and build about 10 industry field scientific observation and research bases, cultivate and build 1 national key laboratory and 1 national scientific data center, and organize the identification of a new batch of postal industry technology research and development centers. | |||||
| Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the High-Quality Development of Modern Shipping Services | 2023 | Encourage enterprises, universities, research institutions, etc. to carry out research on major areas such as shipping service industry development strategy, international rules and systems, vigorously develop shipping information services, improve the level of shipping information services, and form a group of shipping think tanks and consulting service agencies with international influence. Strengthen the research and decision-making consulting support for new energy technologies for ships. | x | x | |||
| Implementation Opinions on Strengthening the Integration and Interaction of New Energy Vehicles and Power Grids | 2023 | Intensify research on key power battery technologies, extending the cycle life of power batteries to 3,000 cycles or more without significantly increasing costs, and master battery safety control technologies for high-frequency bidirectional charging and discharging conditions. | x | ||||
| National Carbon Peak Pilot Construction Plan | 2023 | Guide key energy-consuming companies in the region to conduct in-depth research on carbon emission reduction paths, and formulate special work plans for energy conservation and carbon reduction based on "one enterprise, one policy". | |||||
| The People's Republicof China Fourth National Communication on Climate Change | 2023 | specializing in product and technology R&D on energy conservation, carbon emissions reduction and new energy, national technological innovation centers andkey platforms of sci-tech innovation. | |||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Accelerate the research and development and application of high-speed rail freight trains and other equipment, and promote the large-scale application of special transport equipment such as railway special flat cars and roll-on/roll-off ships. Research and formulate rural logistics node construction and operation service standards, and promote the scientific layout and flexible operation of rural logistics nodes. | x | x | x | x | x |
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation | 2022 | Support breakthroughs in the research and development of technologies such as airport intelligent operation monitoring, self-service intelligent services, and smart energy management. Promote the integration of science, education, industry and education, and enhance the cross-field and cross-disciplinary cooperation and innovation chain combination capabilities of scientific research backbones. Strengthen basic theoretical research, carry out research on the degradation mechanism of safety performance of infrastructure in complex environments, the theory of disasters of major transportation infrastructure, and the mechanism of compound chain disasters. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year" National Road Traffic Safety Plan | 2022 | Promote the establishment of key research and development plans for road traffic safety prevention and control and comprehensive governance, promote the application of new technologies such as image intelligent recognition, Beidou high-precision positioning, 5G+AI, and edge computing in traffic safety governance, and carry out forward-looking research and exploration on new formats and new problems. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Promote the deep integration of government, industry, academia, research and application in the field of transportation. Strengthen the construction of key scientific research platforms in the industry, promote the construction of key laboratories, technology innovation centers, etc., and cultivate national-level science and technology innovation bases. Build a new think tank alliance for transportation, optimize the mechanism for discovering leading talents and selecting project teams, deepen the reform of scientific research funding management, improve the talent evaluation system, vigorously cultivate and use strategic scientists, and create a large-scale team of young scientific and technological talents. | x | ||||
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | Promote the construction of key laboratories in the transportation industry, and actively cultivate national-level green transportation scientific research platforms. Increase the introduction and research and development of new technologies, new materials, new processes and new structures for green waterway construction, actively promote the combination of waterway management and habitat restoration and creation, accelerate the promotion of green construction and maintenance technologies for waterway projects, Accelerate the research on new energy vehicle performance monitoring and guarantee technology, transportation energy Internet technology. | x | x | x | ||
| Implementation Opinions on Further Improving the Service Capabilities of Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure | 2022 | Promote the research and development of new technologies such as wireless charging and automatic unmanned charging. | x | ||||
| Implementation Plan for New Urbanization in the 14th Five-Year Plan | 2022 | Guide urban talents to develop in rural areas. Deeply implement the science and technology special envoy system, promote the "three masters" of planning designers, architects, and engineers to go to rural areas, establish a system for scientific researchers to work part-time and receive salary in rural areas and start businesses after leaving their jobs, and provide technical support for rural construction actions. | |||||
| Outline of the Medium- and Long-Term Development Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation (2021-2035) | 2022 | By 2025, basic research and applied basic research will be significantly strengthened, key core technologies will achieve important breakthroughs, cutting-edge technologies and transportation will be accelerated to integrate, the layout of scientific and technological innovation platforms will be more complete, the talent development environment will be more optimized, the mechanism for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements will be smoother, and a scientific and technological innovation system that adapts to the needs of accelerating the construction of a strong transportation country will be initially established. By 2030, basic research and applied basic research will make important progress, the level of autonomy of key core technology products will be significantly improved, cutting-edge technologies and transportation will be deeply integrated, the scientific and technological innovation capabilities of transportation will be significantly improved, and the scientific and technological innovation system of transportation will be further improved. By 2035, the overall level of scientific and technological innovation in transportation will be among the best in the world, the basic research and original innovation capabilities will be comprehensively enhanced, key core technologies will be independently controllable, cutting-edge technologies will be fully integrated with transportation, and a scientific and technological innovation system that meets the needs of a strong transportation country will be basically established. Strengthen the research and development of comprehensive transportation emergency assurance technologies. Strengthen intellectual property protection, accelerate the construction of scientific research integrity, and create a clean and upright scientific research environment. Promote the coordinated development of technology research and development and standard development and application, and promote the timely transformation of advanced and mature technologies into standards. Promote the research and development and application of intelligent and rapid maintenance technologies, and study technical methods and standard systems such as infrastructure structural reinforcement, durability improvement, and post-disaster repair. Strengthen the research on key technologies for real-time dynamic monitoring and early warning of the safety and technical performance of key facilities such as highway bridges and tunnels. Tackle active safety assurance technologies for rail transit. Carry out research and development of key technologies such as urban rail transit safety coordination, networked operation organization and emergency response, equipment status monitoring and intelligent early warning, smart operation and maintenance, and intelligent management and control of protected areas. Carry out research on high-dam navigation locks, water-saving locks. Promote the research and development and application of intelligent and rapid maintenance technologies, and study technical methods and standard systems such as infrastructure structural reinforcement, durability improvement, and post-disaster repair. Accelerate the research and development and application of smart logistics technology. | |||||
| "14th Five-Year" Civil Aviation Development Plan | 2021 | We will focus on personnel qualification and capacity building, strengthen the development of professional teams in key positions, innovate training methods, enhance practical training, and intensify the education and training of professionals and grassroots managers to enhance their professional capabilities and basic skills. We will also prioritize the occupational health of professionals. We will fully leverage the role of industry associations and strengthen industry self-regulation. Strengthen talent pool support. Leveraging type certification and production supervision, strengthen the training of leading professional talent and technical experts, building an appropriately sized, comprehensive, well-structured, and highly capable independent airworthiness certification talent pool. Increase the development of flight test personnel, cabin safety review personnel, and aircraft specialists. Leverage resources within and outside the industry, including those in short supply for type certification, such as aviation onboard software review, to conduct airworthiness certification training, innovate the training system, and enhance training capabilities. Support universities in establishing airworthiness-related majors. Innovate management mechanisms and organizational models, integrate professional talent resources, and enhance the professionalism of the aircraft review team. Improve research conditions for airworthiness accreditation. Guided by demand, vigorously implement airworthiness certification technology research that deeply integrates industry, academia, research, and application. Rationally plan research projects and development facilities, and support industrial sectors in developing nationally certified laboratories and test flight bases for independent airworthiness certification. Promote the rapid deployment and efficient expansion of flight training capabilities. Actively cultivate aviation culture, expand participation in aviation activities, optimize the pilot licensing system, and promote the development of private aviation. Establish an assessment and evaluation system. Improve the industry's energy consumption and emissions statistics system, research and establish an assessment mechanism for energy resource consumption and environmental emissions, strengthen the management of pollution reduction and carbon reduction indicators, and improve the accountability and pressure transmission mechanism. Strengthen supervision and inspection, incorporate green performance into the assessment system for industry players, set a benchmark for green and low-carbon civil aviation enterprises, and encourage industry players to establish more proactive internal assessment and incentive mechanisms. Improve the mechanism for publishing the Civil Aviation Green Development Blue Book, regularly publish the energy and water efficiency of airlines and airports, and promote international benchmarking. Actively promote third-party evaluation systems and institutional capacity building. Strengthen the foundational capabilities of civil aviation for green development. Establish and improve a three-pronged industry green development management system encompassing management, supervision, and service, strengthen institutional personnel, and enhance management capabilities. Establish a Green Civil Aviation Expert Advisory Committee, bringing together experts from relevant fields within and outside the industry to expand and improve the civil aviation expert pool. Support civil aviation colleges and universities in developing green civil aviation disciplines and curriculum, cultivating high-level, multi-disciplinary talent. Encourage civil aviation research institutions and universities to collaborate with associations and businesses to establish and improve a green civil aviation-related skills training system, raising awareness and operational capacity across the industry. Strengthen civil aviation's research capabilities for green development. Support universities, research institutions, and industry associations in conducting research on key and forward-looking issues such as civil aviation's low-carbon development strategy, operational efficiency improvement, environmental impact monitoring and analysis, green equipment R&D and application, and green competitiveness. Focusing on the needs of coordinated governance of energy conservation, pollution reduction and carbon reduction, 2-3 key laboratories (engineering technology research centers) in the field of green development of civil aviation will be built to create a comprehensive scientific and technological innovation platform for green civil aviation and a scientific research and innovation network integrating government, industry, academia, research and application, strengthen joint and collaborative research, and promote the sharing and application of demonstration projects, research results, data and information. Talent Empowerment Project (I) Science and Technology Innovation Talent Promotion Plan Targeting applied basic research in civil aviation and cutting-edge international technologies, leveraging key laboratories and engineering technology research centers, we will establish 50 first-class research teams and focus on supporting and cultivating 200 high-level civil aviation science and technology innovation talents. (II) Industry Craftsman Talent Development Plan Relying on vocational colleges and enterprises, we will implement knowledge renewal projects and skills improvement initiatives to strengthen the cultivation of high-skilled talents in the industry and expand the highly skilled talent pool. We will implement the Thousand Craftsman Talent Plan to select and train 1,000 industry craftsmen, including Labor Day Labor Medal recipients, technical experts, gold medal employees, technicians, and senior technicians. (III) Digital Talent Empowerment Plan Vigorously cultivate digital talent in the industry, support industry colleges and universities in adding disciplines related to civil aviation informatization, and enhance the digital literacy of professionals. Leveraging the role of enterprises and colleges as the main training bodies, we will improve digital course training programs for in-service personnel and increase digital capability training for talent in relevant industry fields. Establish a number of national-level scientific research institutions and innovate to strengthen the professional and skilled workforce. Strengthen the development of specialized personnel in flight, air traffic control, maintenance, and general aviation. Implement a craftsman talent program to cultivate and select a team of civil aviation craftsmen with technical expertise and innovation. Strengthen the development of a new technology talent pool for smart civil aviation, intensify training in technologies such as big data, 5G, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things, and enhance training on new aircraft models, new business models, and emerging trends to enhance practitioners' innovative thinking and overall job-process thinking. Strengthen the development of a full-lifecycle management system for pilot skills. Deepen school-enterprise cooperation and guide civil aviation enterprises to play an important role in the joint training of professional talents. Encourage and guide more social resources to carry out education and training in accordance with civil aviation talent training standards, continuously improve the civil aviation talent supply structure of "schools + enterprises + social training institutions", and provide strong talent support for civil aviation development. Support universities, research institutes, and industry associations in conducting research on major and forward-looking issues such as the civil aviation low-carbon development strategy, operational efficiency improvement, environmental impact monitoring and analysis, green equipment R&D and application, and green competitiveness. Focusing on the coordinated governance needs of energy conservation, pollution reduction, and carbon reduction, establish two to three key laboratories (engineering technology research centers) in the field of green development in civil aviation, build a comprehensive green civil aviation scientific and technological innovation platform, and establish a scientific research and innovation network integrating government, industry, academia, research, and application. Strengthen joint and collaborative research, and promote the sharing and application of demonstration projects, research results, and data information. Enhance pilots' awareness of energy conservation, increase training on energy-saving driving techniques, and implement energy-saving operations while ensuring safety. support and guide the industrial upgrading of aviation R&D and manufacturing. Research and conduct aircraft noise management pilot projects at airports in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and other cities. R&D investment share of major companies (%): 2020: 0.6; 2025: 1; Research and formulate regulations and standards for airport smart security systems and new technology application guidelines. Research and promote fully and semi-automated security checks. Strengthen the research and development of aviation information network and industrial control network security technologies. Based on operational scenarios and operational risks, conduct research on operational theory, risk assessment, and technical verification. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Water Transport | 2021 | Focusing on key common technologies, cutting-edge leading technologies, and disruptive technologies for smart water transport, we will coordinate forward-looking research and scientific and technological project development. We will build a collaborative innovation platform for industry, academia, research, and application, researching and promoting the development of key scientific research platforms for smart ports, digital waterways, intelligent shipping, maritime safety, and pollution prevention. Encourage the establishment of joint laboratories (research centers) between leading domestic and international port and shipping research institutions. | x | ||||
| Medium- and long-term plan for the development of the hydrogen energy industry (2021-2035) | 2021 | Establish and improve a talent training mechanism, accelerate the construction of hydrogen energy-related disciplines and majors, and expand the group of hydrogen energy innovation and research and development talents. Encourage vocational colleges (including technical colleges) to open relevant majors and cultivate high-quality technical and skilled talents and other practitioners. | |||||
| New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035) | 2021 | Compile a catalog of urgently needed talents in the industry, optimize the layout of disciplines in the fields of vehicle electrification, networking, and intelligence, and guide institutions of higher learning, research institutes, and enterprises to increase efforts in attracting and cultivating international talents. Promote the in-depth application of intelligent technology in key links of new energy vehicles, such as R&D and design, production and manufacturing, warehousing and logistics, operation and management, and after-sales service. Strengthen technological research on high-cycle-life power batteries and promote the application of low-power DC technology. | |||||
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | Optimize the talent team structure, strengthen the construction of interdisciplinary scientific research teams, and cultivate a group of influential transportation science and technology leaders and innovation teams. Strengthen scientific research and improve construction technology to reduce transport noise, pollutants, carbon dioxide and other emissions from the source. | x | ||||
| Promote the development of multimodal transport, optimize and adjust the transport structure Work Program (2021-2025) | 2021 | Strengthen the research and development and application of technical equipment. Accelerate the research and development of logistics technical equipment such as railway express, air-rail (road) intermodal standard containers (plates). Research road dump trucks, quay cranes and other facilities and equipment that are suitable for the development of inland containers. Encourage the research and development and promotion of special transport vehicles and ships for cold chain, hazardous chemicals, etc. Promote the research and development and industrial application of new modular vehicles, rapid transfer and intelligent port inspection equipment. | x | x | x | ||
| Intellegent Automobile innovation and development strategy | 2020 | Focus on the research and development of virtual simulation, software and hardware combined simulation, real vehicle road testing and other technologies and verification tools, as well as multi-level test and evaluation systems. | x | ||||
| Outline for the Development of Inland Waterway Transport | 2020 | Continuously improve the mechanism of talent training, technology production, learning, research and application, and create a good environment for the development of industry talents. Continuously improve the mechanism for talent training, technology production, learning, research and application, and create a good environment for the development of industry talents. Conduct research and application of port cargo collection and distribution equipment such as autonomous driving container trucks, rail platforms, and large drones under the end-network-cloud architecture. Conduct research on core technologies of intelligent shipping with the goal of ship autonomous driving, intelligent organization, and coordinated dispatching. | |||||
| Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Nation | 2019 | Establish a technology innovation mechanism with enterprises as the main body and deep integration of production, education, research, and application, encourage various innovative entities in the transportation industry to establish innovation alliances, and establish a mechanism for tackling key core technologies. Build a number of innovative platforms such as laboratories, test bases, and technology innovation centers with international influence, increase the openness and sharing of resources, and optimize the mechanism for scientific research funding. | |||||
| The People's Republic of China Second Biennial Update Report on Climate Change | 2018 | Second, China has a bewildering variety of GHG emission sources and sinks, shows a dramatic difference in emissions between regions or industries, and the capacity building needs for the preparation of local greenhouse gas inventories; localized research on emission factors are to be strengthened to reduce the uncertainty in local activity data and calculation of emission factors. Chinese local governments need support to improve the systematic design and strategic planning capacity and further enhance its technological support for low-carbon development, better the policy system for low-carbon development sector, accelerate local legislative progress, and improve professional training in order to improve technological R&D capacity for low-carbon development. Second, China needs to increase its capacity for the comprehensive monitoring and early warning of climatic disasters, forecasting, and service, strengthen the scientific research, observation and impact assessment of climate change, enhance the capacity building for addressing extreme weather and climate event, and reduce the disaster risk of extreme events. China needs to develop climate change adaptation projects through international cooperation and exchange, improve the capacity for interdisciplinary integrated research in key industries or fields that are subject to the influence of climate change, such as water-saving irrigation, water conservation irrigation, water resources allocation, and integrated coastal zone management and conservation. | |||||
| Mid- to Long-term Development Plan for the Automotive Industry | 2017 | Improve the technological innovation system with enterprises as the main body, market-oriented, and combining production, learning, research and application, establish a cross-industry collaborative platform, promote mass entrepreneurship and innovation, and form a systematic technological innovation capability. Accelerate the R&D and industrialization of new energy vehicle technology. Use corporate investment, social capital, and national science and technology plans (special projects, funds, etc.) to coordinate and organize enterprises, universities, research institutes, etc. to jointly tackle key problems, focusing on the deployment of tasks around six innovation chains, including power batteries and battery management systems, motor drives and power electronics assemblies, electric vehicle intelligent technologies, fuel cell power systems, plug-in/extended-range hybrid systems, and pure electric power systems. | x |
Resilient transport infrastructure
| China's Nationally Determined Contribution Report 2035 | 2025 | build disaster prevention infrastructure and emergency support systems in critical sectors such as energy, housing construction, and transportation | |||||
| China's Rural Roads in the New Era | 2024 | Putting people and lives first, and coordinating high-quality development and high-level safety, China has improved disaster readiness and mitigation for rural road transport, and strengthened safety resilience and emergency response for the rural road network in order to ensure effective protection of lives and property. | x | ||||
| Opinions on Strengthening the Planning and Construction of Coastal and Inland Ports and Waterways in the New Era | 2024 | Focus on key areas to enhance the safety and resilience of the water transport system, improve disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities, and enhance the quality and durability of facilities. Strengthen support systems and other public welfare terminal maintenance. | x | ||||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Promote the unified planning, unified design, unified construction, and coordinated management of comprehensive transportation infrastructure construction. Promote the economical and intensive use of land, line positions, bridge positions, water shorelines and other resources in transportation construction projects, focus on new projects in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Yellow River, Pearl River and other urban sections and estuary sections, and promote the construction model of multi-mode shared cross-river channels. | x | ||||
| Guiding Opinions on Further Building a High-Quality Charging Infrastructure System | 2023 | Strengthen monitoring and judgment, and appropriately deploy mobile charging infrastructure in areas with large traffic volume and during major holidays to enhance the resilience of the charging network. | x | ||||
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Development of Urban Integrated Transportation Systems | 2023 | Strengthen integration with municipal pipeline networks, public services, flood control and drainage, and disaster prevention and mitigation facilities to enhance the systematicity, integrity, and coordination of urban infrastructure development. Enhance the safety and resilience of urban transportation infrastructure. Improve the safety and security capabilities of urban transportation infrastructure, strengthening its ability to prevent, mitigate, respond to, and rapidly repair natural disasters and emergencies. | x | ||||
| The People's Republicof China Fourth National Communication on Climate Change | 2023 | China has continued to strengthen urban lifelines. It has formulated and improvedurban infrastructure design and construction standards, strengthened urban emergency preparedness, and enhanced urban resilience; continuously improved the design and construction standards of roads, railways, airports, pipelines, urban rail lines, water buses, and other transport infrastructure, accelerated road reconstruction and rehabilitation, andimproved the national highway network's capability to adapt to extreme weather eventssuch as extreme cold events, floods, and typhoons. monitored the status of transport infrastructure across the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau in permafrost areas under the influenceof climate change and improved the capability of the transport systems to withstandclimate risks. | x | x | x | x | x |
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Strengthen the network security protection of key information infrastructure and important information systems in the transportation field, and promote the independent control of information system facilities and equipment. Steadily increase the multi-route connectivity ratio in key areas such as disaster-prone regions and major industrial and energy bases, improve emergency evacuation, rescue, and shelter access systems, and enhance the resilience of the transport network. Strengthen early warning, protection, and monitoring systems for high-speed railways by integrating civil, physical, and technological defense measures, and enhance the construction of railway disaster prevention and mitigation facilities. | x | x | |||
| National Highway Network Plan | 2022 | Safe and reliable. The resilience of the national highway network has been significantly enhanced, the network reliability in key areas such as those prone to natural disasters, geographical barriers, and borders has been significantly improved, the safety of facilities has been significantly improved, and the country has the ability to respond to various major security risks. | x | ||||
| Outline of the Medium- and Long-Term Development Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation (2021-2035) | 2022 | Carry out research on the theory and technology of resilient transportation systems, master the basic theoretical methods of transportation infrastructure resilience assessment and risk prevention and control, and break through key technologies such as transportation infrastructure resilience improvement, regional integrated transportation network coordinated operation and service, and urban integrated transportation coordinated control. | |||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Highways | 2021 | Strengthen the research and development of key and common technologies for infrastructure maintenance and repair, safety early-warning monitoring and emergency response, and infrastructure life extension, in order to enhance the durability and reliability of infrastructure and reduce lifecycle costs. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Plan for the Construction of Modern Logistics System | 2020 | Enhance the resilience of the logistics system. Rely on key logistics hub facilities to plan and develop core hubs for emergency logistics. Accelerate the retrofitting of transport and logistics infrastructure with emergency response capabilities, improve the multidirectional dispatch capacity of major logistics corridors, and strengthen the ability to repair facilities and restore, maintain, and ensure the continuity of logistics corridors. |
Resilient transport technology
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Integrated Development of Transportation and Energy | 2025 | Improve the emergency response capabilities of transportation energy systems. Strengthen the construction of fault detection, early warning and recovery capabilities of transportation energy systems, and effectively improve the ability to resist risks and disasters. Explore the establishment of a green transportation emergency power system based on Grid-Forming technology, and gradually improve the safety and reliability of transportation energy supply. Along the transportation infrastructure in areas prone to natural disasters, build a number of energy service facilities that integrate clean energy power generation, energy storage, satellite communications and other functions to meet the needs of temporary resettlement, energy supply, material support, emergency communications, etc. Promote mobile energy storage charging vehicles and emergency mobile energy storage facilities, and ensure the supply of transportation energy during peak charging periods such as holidays. Enhance the resilience of the transportation energy system. Encourage the development of transportation infrastructure to consume new energy nearby within the road area, optimize the allocation of flexible adjustment resources such as new energy storage and flexible hydrogen production, accelerate the demonstration and application of technical equipment and new models such as flexible collection and access of new energy, smart microgrids, multi-source conversion and multi-energy complementarity, vehicle-grid interaction, virtual power plants, and improve the comprehensive carrying capacity of grids networks along transportation infrastructure. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Improve the digital perception system of facilities. Promote the digital transformation and upgrading of existing facilities, and strengthen the synchronous planning and construction of new facilities and perception networks. Build a perception system for the operation status of facilities, strengthen the digital perception monitoring coverage of important channels and hubs, and enhance the all-weather, full-cycle operation status monitoring and active early warning capabilities of key sections and important nodes. | x | ||||
| National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy 2035 | 2022 | For transport infrastructure, the priority is technology to guard against permafrost thawing, low-temperatures and snowice weather and storm surges and the development technology of product materials and equipment. We could improve the subgrade stability technology used in the Qinghai–Tibet, Sichuan–Tibet, and Yunnan–Tibet railways and highways. | x | x | |||
| Outline of the Medium- and Long-Term Development Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation (2021-2035) | 2022 | Strengthen research on intelligent maintenance technology for in-service infrastructure. Focusing on the performance improvement of in-service infrastructure, breakthroughs in technologies such as intelligent health monitoring, accurate performance perception, and autonomous risk warning throughout the life cycle of infrastructure will be made. Research and development of technologies and equipment for intelligent detection, digital diagnosis, standardized evaluation, and rapid disposal of infrastructure will be carried out. A smart management and maintenance system for transportation infrastructure based on building information modeling (BIM) and Beidou will be developed. A basic information big data platform will be established to comprehensively promote preventive maintenance technology. Promote the research and development and application of intelligent and rapid maintenance technologies, and study technical methods and standard systems such as infrastructure structural reinforcement, durability improvement, and post-disaster repair. Promote the design of a quality control system and platform for the entire life cycle of transportation infrastructure based on blockchain technology, and accelerate the construction of an integrated platform for major infrastructure safety and disaster risk control and emergency measures. Strengthen the research and development of emergency rescue equipment, develop emergency response equipment for natural disasters, major safety accidents and other emergencies, | |||||
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | Layout the traffic perception system in an all-round way, plan and build it simultaneously with the transportation infrastructure, deploy active early warning facilities in key areas, and improve the multi-dimensional monitoring, precise control, and collaborative service capabilities. | |||||
| Outline for the Development of Inland Waterway Transport | 2020 | Establish and improve the inland waterway emergency rescue command system, improve the layout planning and construction of water transportation safety supervision and rescue systems, strengthen the promotion and application of new equipment and technologies such as drones and underwater robots, and strengthen the construction of core capabilities such as dynamic perception and early warning of water transportation, rapid and effective rescue of human lives, and disposal of ship oil spills and hazardous chemicals. |
Road charging and tolls
| Action Plan to Effectively Reduce Logistics Costs in the Whole Society | 2024 | Optimize toll road policies, deepen the implementation of differentiated toll collection on highways, and improve the utilization rate of toll roads. | x | ||||
| National Highway Network Plan | 2022 | Adjust toll road policies, and revise laws and regulations such as the Highway Law and the Toll Road Management Regulations in a timely manner to promote the sustainable and healthy development of highways. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Highways | 2021 | Promote the revision of laws and regulations. Adhere to the rule of law, improve the legal and regulatory system for the highway industry, and continuously promote the formulation and revision of laws and regulations such as the "Highway Law of the People's Republic of China," the "Toll Highway Management Regulations," and the "Rural Highway Regulations," as well as supporting rules and regulations, to ensure that the development of the highway industry has rules and laws to follow. Deepen reform of the toll road system. We will improve the toll road system to promote scale control, structural adjustment, cost reduction, risk prevention, strengthened supervision, and improved service for toll roads. We will establish a dynamic assessment and adjustment mechanism for toll standards, introduce highway asset management measures, and establish a debt risk prevention and control mechanism for toll roads. We will further optimize and improve the electronic, non-stop express toll collection service on expressways, ensure the stable and orderly operation of the system, and strengthen road network operations. We will promote pilot reforms to mileage taxes. | x | ||||
| Digital Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2021 | Deepen the application of the electronic toll collection system (ETC) on expressways. | x | ||||
| Circular of the General Office of the State Council on Strengthening the Control of Overloading and Overloading of Vehicles | 2008 | Strengthen economic adjustment measures. The current standards and methods for collecting vehicle tolls and road maintenance fees shall be promptly adjusted and improved to reduce the toll standards and transport costs for legally operating vehicles. | x |
Road infrastructure expansion
| Five-year action plan for deepening the implementation of a people-oriented new urbanization strategy | 2024 | Accelerate the construction of urban clusters highway ring channels, and fully open up all kinds of unconnected highways and bottleneck sections in the urban agglomeration. Strengthen the operation foundation of urban road traffic, and build a road network system with reasonable hierarchy, complete functions, and smooth access. | x | x | |||
| China's Rural Roads in the New Era | 2024 | By the end of 2023, the length of rural roads had reached 4.6 million km, accounting for 84.6 percent of the total road length in China. By the end of 2023, the total length of rural roads reached 4.6 million km, an increase of 21.7 percent over 2013, enough to circle the equator 115 times. A total of 700,000 km of county roads, 1.24 million km of township roads and 2.66 million km of village roads had been built. There were a total of 530,000 highway bridges and 2,222 tunnels in rural areas. By the end of 2023, there were 4.45 million km of graded rural roads2, making up 96.8 percent of the total rural roads. Paved roads measured 4.22 million km and accounted for 91.8 percent of the total rural roads, representing an increase of 11.9 and 27.2 percentage points respectively over the past 10 years. | x | ||||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Deepen the construction of "four good rural roads". Deepen the implementation of a new round of rural road construction and renovation, accelerate the implementation of the five major projects of "four good rural roads" to help rural revitalization, and improve the convenient, efficient, inclusive and fair rural road network. Solve the problem of too much blank space in the road network in the western region, improve the coverage of trunk railways, the smoothness of trunk roads and the equalization of rural roads. Promote the implementation of China-Myanmar Expressway projects, accelerate the construction of G216 Hongshanzui Port-Altay, G335 Tachakou-Toli-Baktu Port, G315 Topa-Turgat Port Highway, China-Pakistan Karakoram Highway (Leikot-Takot) rerouting and other projects, and speed up the preliminary work of Hunniao Expressway Fangchuan to Hunchun, Bailin Expressway Baishan to Linjiang, Fuchang Expressway Fusong Songjianghe to Changbai and other projects. Promote the construction of international road transport-related infrastructure, accelerate the negotiation and implementation of international road transport cooperation documents, and promote the trial operation of China-Europe highway direct transportation. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Improve the road tourist passenger transport network that directly reaches scenic spots. | x | ||||
| Implementation Plan for New Urbanization in the 14th Five-Year Plan | 2022 | Build a highway ring system to open up various unconnected roads and "bottleneck roads". | x | ||||
| Promote the development of multimodal transport, optimize and adjust the transport structure Work Program (2021-2025) | 2021 | Accelerate the expansion and transformation of port collection and distribution roads. | x | x | |||
| Voluntary National Review 2021 - CHN | 2021 | A wellstructured urban road network, consisting of expressways, arterial roads, and auxiliary roads, is being developed. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Plan for the Construction of Modern Logistics System | 2020 | Improve the bilateral and multilateral international road transport agreement system, expand the international road transport network, and accelerate the cultivation of a common transport market. Promote the construction of outer bypass sections of urban transit highways, promote efficient passenger and freight diversion, strengthen the efficient connection between trunk roads and urban road entrances and exits, accelerate the upgrading of bottleneck sections, and open up sections to be connected. Expand the intercity transportation and freight functions of trunk railways, highways, national and provincial trunk roads in other urban agglomerations, and strengthen the layout and connection of intercity highways and expressways. Comprehensively promote the construction of "four good village roads", strengthen the construction of village roads connecting villages and towns, support the construction and renovation of village roads, and strive to open up the "last kilometer" of rural roads. Make overall plans for the construction of the western border railway network. In the coastal direction, implement the expansion and reconstruction of busy sections such as coastal expressways and national and provincial trunk lines. | x | x | |||
| Action Plan for Green Mobility | 2020 | Infrastructure is more complete. The average road network density and road area ratio in urban built-up areas continue to increase | x | x | |||
| Circular of the General Office of the State Council on Strengthening the Control of Overloading and Overloading of Vehicles | 2008 | Strengthen the development of monitoring networks. In conjunction with highway infrastructure construction, unified planning and rational layout shall be implemented to build a batch of standardized and regulated inspection stations for overloading and over-dimensioning that have passed metrological verification. A national monitoring network for overloaded and over-dimensioned vehicles shall be gradually formed to implement long-term and effective monitoring and inspection of such vehicles. | x |
Road surfacing
| China's Rural Roads in the New Era | 2024 | New techniques for road maintenance have been employed, such as cold in-place recycling of asphalt pavement, hot central plant recycling of asphalt pavement, and rubblization for an asphalt overlay of cement pavement. | x |
Road use rules and regulations for safety - General
| Intellegent Automobile innovation and development strategy | 2020 | Improve laws and regulations. Conduct research on legal issues and ethical norms such as the identification of "machine drivers" of intellegent vehicles, confirmation of responsibilities, network security, and data management, and clarify the legal rights, obligations, and responsibilities of relevant entities. Promote the introduction of laws and regulations to regulate the testing, access, use, and supervision of intellegent vehicles, and promote the revision and improvement of laws and regulations such as the Road Traffic Safety Law. Improve laws and regulations on surveying and mapping geographic information. | x |
Road-side checks for traffic safety enforcement
| "14th Five-Year" National Road Traffic Safety Plan | 2022 | Strengthen traffic safety law enforcement in rural areas, and strictly investigate and punish violations such as overloading of minibuses, drunk driving, and the illegal carriage of passengers by light trucks, three-wheelers, and tractors in accordance with the law. Promote the installation of truck inspection lanes and traffic signs in front of overload inspection stations, install electronic capture systems, strengthen the ability to detect overloaded and overloaded violations, guide overloaded and overloaded vehicles to enter the station for inspection, and eliminate overloaded and overloaded violations. | x | ||||
| About accelerating the transformation and upgrading of the road freight industry | 2019 | Fully install electronic capture systems at overload inspection stations on ordinary highways. | x | ||||
| Highway Safety Protection Act | 2010 | Article 40 If the highway management agency finds that a vehicle exceeds the load, height, width or length limits of the highway, highway bridge, highway tunnel or car ferry during supervision and inspection, it shall guide the vehicle to the nearest fixed overload inspection station for processing. Vehicles must accept overload inspections in accordance with overload inspection signs or the instructions of highway management agency supervisory and inspection personnel. They shall not deliberately block the traffic lanes of fixed overload inspection stations, forcibly pass through fixed overload inspection stations, or disrupt the overload inspection order in other ways . They shall not evade overload inspections by means of short-distance transshipment, etc. It is prohibited to provide convenience for vehicles that do not meet the relevant national carrying standards to evade overload detection by means of detours, etc. | x | ||||
| Circular of the General Office of the State Council on Strengthening the Control of Overloading and Overloading of Vehicles | 2008 | Transport and public security departments at all levels shall strengthen coordination and cooperation and, in accordance with nationally unified standards for identifying and penalizing overloading and over-dimensioning, jointly conduct concentrated rectification of overloaded and over-dimensioned vehicles at inspection stations for governing overloading and over-dimensioning. For key supervised vehicle models and in key regions, the intensity of unloading and penalties shall be gradually increased. A strict demerit point system shall be implemented for drivers of overloaded and over-dimensioned vehicles to curb such vehicles from operating on roads. For incidents of violent resistance to law enforcement and reckless forced passage during governance efforts, public security organs at all levels shall crack down severely and resolutely investigate and handle them according to law. For small coal yards and various cargo distribution sites along highways, local governments shall organize relevant departments to carry out clean-up and rectification. Those without business licenses from the industry and commerce administration shall be closed. For those with business licenses, their responsibility to load according to norms and standards shall be reinforced to ensure that vehicles are loaded in compliance with requirements at the source. Those with serious problems of releasing overloaded and over-dimensioned vehicles shall be ordered to suspend operations for rectification. | x |
Road-side vehicle technical checks
| Opinions on Further Improving Environmental Supervision of Motor Vehicles | 2025 | Incorporate truck spot checks into routine supervision and enforcement inspection plans. Relying on existing overload control checkpoints along freight corridors and key traffic nodes, the ecological environment, public security, and transport departments shall jointly conduct on-road inspections. Inspections shall focus on vehicles operated by key vehicle users, transport companies, ports, terminals, and logistics parks. Priority will be given to identifying the following issues: improper use of pollution control devices, failure to properly refill urea, malfunctioning or tampered onboard diagnostic (OBD) systems, unauthorized modifications to pollution control devices, unauthorized tampering with OBD systems, and excessive black smoke emissions. | x |
Routine transport asset maintenance
| Opinions on promoting high-quality development of inland waterway transportation | 2025 | Strengthen waterway maintenance and maintenance of navigation buildings and dams at shipping hubs, and optimize the operation and scheduling of navigation buildings. | x | ||||
| China's Rural Roads in the New Era | 2024 | China has increased investment in rural road maintenance and ensured regular maintenance across the board. It has also launched major maintenance projects for rural roads, accounting for more than 5 percent of rural maintenance mileage annually. To keep rural roads in good condition, the government has strengthened regular maintenance by carrying out routine inspections, daily upkeep operations, and necessary minor repairs. Promoting scientific decision-making for road maintenance. China has integrated scientific decision-making into the entire process of rural road maintenance, optimal comprehensive benefits throughout the full lifecycle of roads. Based on technical condition assessment of roads, maintenance needs analysis, and maintenance planning, and leveraging technical, economic, safety and environmental considerations, the country makes informed decisions on its maintenance projects, thus providing a structured framework for its rural road maintenance work. Strengthening road safety inspection. To identify and remove safety hazards for rural road transport, China has strengthened targeted inspections on key road sections during critical time periods in addition to regular inspection on all road sections. To promote the automatic examination of rural road conditions, China has applied R&D efforts to automatic vehicles and portable devices, and applied big data and AI technologies to automatic examination in the process of road maintenance inspection, road administration inspection, and passenger and freight transport. The automation rate of road surface condition examination reached 70 percent in 2023. | x | x | |||
| Implementation Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Charging Infrastructure to Better Support the Deployment of New Energy Vehicles to Rural Areas and Rural Revitalization | 2023 | Improve the operation and maintenance system of charging facilities, enhance facility availability and fault handling capabilities, and promote the interconnection and interoperability of public charging and swapping network operator platforms. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year" National Road Traffic Safety Plan | 2022 | Carry out in-depth investigation and management of hidden dangers in traffic facilities on ordinary national and provincial roads. Regularly investigate, optimize and improve safety facilities such as traffic signs, markings, guardrails (walls), etc. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Promote the implementation of full life cycle maintenance, strengthen regular preventive maintenance, scientifically implement maintenance operations, strengthen maintenance project quality inspection and assessment, strengthen maintenance management supervision and assessment, and improve the service life of infrastructure. Strengthen the maintenance and management of public facilities such as bridges, tunnels, navigation buildings, port anchorages, and runway aprons. Increase the promotion of new maintenance technologies, build a scientific observation network for the long-term performance of transportation infrastructure, encourage automated and information-based inspections, improve the level of scientific decision-making in management and maintenance, and promote mechanization and standardization of maintenance. Strengthen the integrated management of comprehensive railway maintenance. Develop and standardize the highway maintenance market, and gradually increase the purchase of maintenance services from the society. Deepen the reform of the rural road management and maintenance system, and fully implement the rural road chief system. Improve the bridge maintenance management responsibility system and work mechanism. Improve the regular maintenance mechanism of waterways, and promote the construction of waterway maintenance bases and supporting facilities and equipment. | x | x | x | x | |
| Outline of the Medium- and Long-Term Development Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation (2021-2035) | 2022 | Strengthen the research and development of maintenance equipment, accelerate the research and development and application of intelligent robots for engineering maintenance, strengthen the research and development and application of self-wheeling equipment for railway operation and maintenance, intelligent maintenance and repair equipment for non-interrupted traffic highway facilities, intelligent waterway mapping and automated dredging equipment, etc. | x | x | x | ||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Highways | 2021 | Strengthen road maintenance patrols and regular inspections. Strictly implement the road inspection system in accordance with relevant standards and specifications. Encourage the use of rapid patrol vehicles and handheld terminals to conduct automated and information-based inspections, promptly report any problems, and establish a daily maintenance information management platform to achieve a closed-loop management system for incident reporting, approval, processing, and acceptance, as well as the storage and management of daily maintenance electronic records. Vigorously promote the implementation of preventive maintenance. Increase investment in preventive maintenance, allocate dedicated funds for preventive maintenance in annual plans, and schedule preventive maintenance projects in a timely manner based on road condition degradation to promote the healthy development of road maintenance. Improve the effectiveness of repair and maintenance projects. While renovating the road surface, simultaneously improve the basic conditions of traffic safety facilities and service facilities along the route to improve the road environment. Strictly follow standards and specifications to strengthen the inspection and evaluation of the quality of maintenance projects to ensure their effectiveness. Improve the rural road maintenance and operation mechanism, establish a rural road maintenance production organization model with a reasonable division of labor between the government and the market, increase efforts to develop public welfare maintenance jobs, and encourage farmers to participate in the daily maintenance of rural roads. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Water Transport | 2021 | Strengthen the maintenance of port and shipping infrastructure. Improve the regular maintenance and management mechanism for waterways and the market-oriented mechanism for dredging and maintenance. Strengthen the measurement and maintenance of navigational dimensions such as waterway and anchorage depths, optimize the layout of navigation standards in water areas, and increase investment in and operational management of infrastructure such as navigational structures and integrated water service areas. | x | ||||
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | Strengthen preventive maintenance and safety assessment of transportation infrastructure, strengthen long-term performance observation, improve data collection, testing and diagnosis, maintenance and treatment technical systems, increase efforts to control defects, and eliminate safety hazards in a timely manner. | |||||
| Deepening Rural Roads Opinions on management and maintenance system reform | 2019 | By 2022, the rural road governance capacity will be significantly improved, and the governance system will be initially formed. The traffic conditions and road environment of rural roads will be significantly improved, and the traffic guarantee capacity will be significantly enhanced. The rural road maintenance rate will reach 100%, the annual average maintenance project ratio will be no less than 5%, and the proportion of medium and above rural roads will be no less than 75%. By 2035, a comprehensive and efficient rural road management and maintenance system and mechanism will be fully established, and basic public services for urban and rural road transportation will be basically equalized. The road conditions and road environment will be fundamentally improved, the rural road governance capacity will be comprehensively improved, and the governance system will be comprehensively improved. | x | ||||
| Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Nation | 2019 | Strengthen the maintenance of transportation infrastructure, strengthen infrastructure operation monitoring and testing, improve the level of maintenance specialization and informatization, and enhance the durability and reliability of facilities. | x | ||||
| Highway Safety Protection Act | 2010 | Article 47 Highway management agencies and highway operating enterprises shall inspect highways in accordance with the regulations of the transportation department of the State Council and make inspection records; if they find highway collapse, potholes, bulges or other damage, they shall promptly set up warning signs and take measures to repair them. Article 48 Highway management agencies and highway operating enterprises shall regularly inspect and evaluate highways, highway bridges and highway tunnels to ensure that their technical status conforms to relevant technical standards; if any of them are found not to meet the vehicle traffic safety requirements after inspection, they shall be repaired, announced to the public in a timely manner, and the traffic management department of the public security organ shall be notified. | x |
Rural transport infrastructure
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | Accelerate the construction of rural logistics infrastructure backbone networks and terminal networks. | x | x | x | x |
Rural transport services
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Improve the rural logistics service network. Promote the integration, functional upgrading and comprehensive development and utilization of existing passenger and freight transport stations, postal express stations, highway maintenance work areas, e-commerce and rural supply and marketing outlets. Support local governments to guide enterprises to cultivate rural logistics service brands according to local conditions, improve rural logistics networks, strengthen connections with inter-city trunk transportation, and promote two-way circulation between urban and rural areas. Innovate rural logistics service models, encourage cross-industry joint ventures of transportation companies, and promote the establishment of an integrated rural logistics service system of "planting base + production and processing + commercial circulation + logistics transportation + postal financial services". | x | x | x | x | x |
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Highways | 2021 | Innovate rural logistics service models, build an integrated rural logistics service system for production, transportation, and marketing, and encourage transportation and postal express companies to engage in cross-industry joint ventures with manufacturers, supermarkets, e-commerce, and supply and marketing organizations. | x | x | x | x |
Shared mobility - General
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Promote the healthy and regulated development of small and micro passenger vehicle rental services and internet-based bike-sharing services. Regulate the healthy development of small and micro passenger car rentals and Internet rental bicycles. | x | ||||
| The People's Republicof ChinaThird Biennial Update Reporton Climate Change | 2023 | In order to reduce carbon emissions in the transport sector, China is pushingfor bike-sharing schemes as a means for daily or short-distance trips as well as new-energy vehicles including electric vehicles and hydrogen vehicles. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Strengthen the management of small and micro passenger rental vehicles, standardize rental operation contracts, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of both operators and lessees. Make full use of information technology to enhance online and offline service capabilities, improve intelligent dispatching of rental vehicles, and dynamically optimize vehicle distribution. Encourage public parking facilities in high-traffic areas such as city commercial centers, large residential communities, and transportation hubs to provide convenience for the parking of car-sharing vehicles. Strengthen the seamless transfer connection between rail transit stations and public buses, trams and bicycles, and realize convenient transfer between public buses, trams and bicycles within 100 meters around the main entrances and exits of rail transit. | x | ||||
| China's Mid-Century Long-Term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development Strategy | 2021 | Promote the development of smart transportation, and actively develop new technologies, new business formats, and new models such as autonomous driving and shared cars. | x | ||||
| New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035) | 2021 | Develop "Internet+" efficient logistics, innovate intelligent logistics operation models, promote the application of new models such as online freight transport and trailer sharing, and create a new form of safe and efficient logistics transportation services. | |||||
| Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Nation | 2019 | Vigorously develop shared transportation, create a service system based on mobile intelligent terminal technology, and realize mobility as a service. | x | ||||
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Healthy Development of the Taxi Industry | 2016 | Regulate private carpooling. Private carpooling, also known as carpooling or ride-sharing, is a shared travel mode in which the carpooling service provider releases travel information in advance, and people with the same travel route choose to take the carpooling service provider's car, share part of the travel cost, or share travel for free. Private carpooling is conducive to alleviating traffic congestion and reducing air pollution. The municipal people's government should encourage and regulate its development, formulate corresponding regulations, and clarify the rights and obligations of the three parties: the carpooling service provider, the carpoolers, and the carpooling information service platform. | x | x |
Shipping efficiency improvements
| Opinions on promoting high-quality development of inland waterway transportation | 2025 | Improve the service level for smooth waterway network. Implement the inland waterway system interconnection project, accelerate the construction of trunk and branch waterway networks, clear bottlenecks, and vigorously promote the upgrading of the inland waterway networks in the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta. Develop fleet transportation in accordance with local conditions. Support the innovative development of green and efficient pusher fleets in the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal and Heilongjiang, promote large-scale applications, and develop fixed-route fleet transportation for bulk cargoes. Encourage the Yangtze River Delta and other water network regions to actively cultivate fleet operators and explore the development of a combined transport mode of motor ships and barges. Guide other regions with conditions to develop fleet transportation in accordance with local conditions based on navigation conditions and cargo supply. Promote the research and demonstration application of ship formation navigation technology. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Improving Transportation Standards (2024-2027) | 2024 | Accelerate the standards upgrading for collection and reporting of ship energy consumption data. | x | ||||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Implement the "Ship Energy Consumption Data and Carbon Intensity Management Measures". | x | ||||
| Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the High-Quality Development of Modern Shipping Services | 2023 | Accelerate the establishment of a ship energy efficiency management center in Shanghai and strengthen the management of ship energy consumption data. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | The efficiency of transfers and changes at comprehensive transportation hubs has been further improved. | x | ||||
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | By 2025, the energy consumption and carbon emission intensity of operating vehicles and ships have further decreased, and the proportion of new energy and clean energy applications has significantly increased; New achievements have been made in the prevention and control of transportation pollution, the emission intensity of pollutants from operating vehicles and ships has continued to decrease, and the total amount of emissions has further decreased; | x | ||||
| Digital Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2021 | Advance the development of an integrated intelligent scheduling system for cascade hub ship locks to enhance waterway safety, operational reliability, and the efficiency of navigation hubs. | x | ||||
| Promote the development of multimodal transport, optimize and adjust the transport structure Work Program (2021-2025) | 2021 | Pilot the "direct pick-up at the ship's side" and "direct loading at the port" models at eligible ports. | x | x | x |
Shipping fuels
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Promote the application of oil-electric hybrid, liquefied natural gas, hydrogen fuel, ammonia fuel, methanol power and pure electric ships. | x | ||||
| China's Mid-Century Long-Term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development Strategy | 2021 | Promote the application of low-carbon energy ships and explore the application of biomass fuels and other synthetic fuels in civil aviation. | x |
Shipping improvement - General
| Action Plan for Reducing Costs, Improving Quality and Increasing Efficiency of Transportation and Logistics | 2024 | Accelerate the improvement of the cleanliness level of vehicles and ships in ports, airports, logistics parks, etc., and accelerate the large-scale and standardization of water transportation equipment. | x | x | |||
| Action Plan to Effectively Reduce Logistics Costs in the Whole Society | 2024 | encourage the research and development and application of inland roll-on/roll-off ships. Improve the declaration requirements and procedures for inland river ship locks, and accelerate the promotion of online processing. Accelerate the large-scale and standardized construction of water transportation equipment. Strengthen the planning and construction of water transportation networks. Clear the bottlenecks of inland waterway and sea transport, and improve the organization and intelligence level of water transport. Implement the inland waterway system interconnection project, develop inland deep-water channels and large docks, plan and build a number of high-grade inland waterways and major inland port projects, and reasonably tap the traffic potential of the Yangtze River main channel. | x | ||||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Provide high-quality services for the construction of Hainan Free Trade Port, further improve the passenger and vehicle transportation service capacity and safety management level of the Qiongzhou Strait, build tourist scenic roads such as the G225 Danzhou transit section, build the Hainan Free Trade Port International Ship Registration Center, and build the Hainan Free Trade Port Maritime Special Zone. Promote the construction of a technical specification system for smart ships and build a maritime service guarantee system that is compatible with the development of smart ships. Implement the upgrade and transformation of the shore-based system of the ship automatic identification system (AIS) and the upgrade and transformation of the water safety communication radio station in the sea area center. Create a replicable example of international mutual recognition and cooperation of electronic certificates for ships and crew members. Encourage commercial circulation enterprises to cooperate strategically with port, shipping, logistics and other enterprises to promote the integrated development of trade, port and shipping. | x | ||||
| Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the High-Quality Development of Modern Shipping Services | 2023 | By 2035, a modern shipping service system with complete functions, high-quality services, openness, integration, intelligence and low carbon will be formed. The functions of international shipping centers and modern shipping service clusters will be significantly improved. The service capabilities of Shanghai International Shipping Center will be among the best in the world. Modern shipping service industry will achieve high-quality development. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Develop urban water tours, canal cultural tours, and island scenery tours according to local conditions, and launch a number of water cultural tourism demonstration routes. Orderly develop coastal water tourism passenger transport. Support cruise companies to open international cruise routes in accordance with the law, implement cruise port service standards, and study and formulate international cruise transportation service evaluation standards. Steadily and prudently promote the pilot of Hainan cruise port cruise sea tour routes, support the development of local cruise ships, and actively support the construction and operation of five-star red flag cruise ships. Develop standard ship types for Yangtze River cruise transportation, and support the research, design and construction of domestic medium and large cruise ships. Accelerate the improvement of the global shipping service network. Optimize specialized shipping systems such as coal, crude oil, ore, containers, and liquefied natural gas, encourage enterprises to improve the global shipping trunk network, expand international routes with ports invested overseas as nodes, promote the commercial use and normal operation of Arctic routes, further increase the scale of third-country routes, and promote the construction of a global shipping service network based on blockchain. Cultivate a number of world-class terminal construction and operators, and comprehensive service providers, strengthen the efficient connection between ports and China-Europe trains, the Western Land-Sea New Corridor, and the China-Europe Land-Sea Express, and provide services to support the open pattern of linkage between land and sea, and mutual assistance between the east and the west. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation | 2022 | Carry out technical research on transportation infrastructure construction such as riverside, coastal and border channels, cross-basin waterway networks, deep-sea offshore projects, large postal and aviation land transport hubs and warehousing and distribution centers, and high-lift and large-tonnage ship lifts. Promote the systematic development of ship types for inland, coastal, ocean-going and polar ships, break through key technologies such as high-thrust full-rotation propellers and dual-fuel engines, break through theories and technologies such as overall design, intelligent perception, communication networking, autonomous decision-making, remote control, twin verification and testing of intelligent green ships, and promote the design and construction, professional inspection, operation and maintenance of large cruise ships and yachts, and key supply chain technology research. Research technologies for intelligent operation and management of passenger ro-ro (roll-on/roll-off) ports, as well as autonomous seaworthiness of passenger ships and ro-ro passenger vessels. Conquer technologies such as ship environment perception and intelligent navigation, ship-shore communication based on new generation mobile communications, and develop a global shipping service network platform and smart shipping comprehensive service platform based on blockchain. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Promote the interconnection of infrastructure in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, optimize the allocation of shipping and aviation resources, strengthen the transportation links between Hong Kong, Macao and the mainland, and support Hong Kong in enhancing its status as an international shipping and aviation hub. Coordinate the development of port and shipping integration, promote the construction of a global shipping hub by Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui provinces, accelerate the improvement of the functions of the Jiangsu Tongzhou Bay River-Sea Linkage Demonstration Zone, and create a new outlet for Yangtze River container transportation. Develop modern comprehensive transport hubs and steadily advance the construction of the Free Trade Port. Improve the research and development capabilities of large liquefied natural gas carriers, polar ships, large cruise ships, etc., and promote the research and development of new equipment such as underwater robots, deep diving equipment, deep-sea semi-submersible salvage cranes, and large deep-sea multifunctional rescue ships. Promote green and intelligent ships, promote the application of single intelligent ship technologies such as autonomous navigation, and promote the overall technical application of shore-based collaborative systems, security systems, and remote control systems for intelligent navigation of ships. Actively cultivate the cruise market, expand tourism products, promote the upgrading of cruise services, and promote the development of yacht, cruise ship, and RV tourism. Strengthen high-definition observation of deep-sea targets and high-precision space-time services at sea. | x | ||||
| Outline of the Medium- and Long-Term Development Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation (2021-2035) | 2022 | Develop large oil spill recovery ships and key technical equipment, large deep-sea multifunctional rescue ships, key deep-water salvage equipment, underwater intelligent security equipment, deep-sea saturation diving application technology equipment, etc. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Modern Transport Hub System | 2021 | Water transport-dominated comprehensive passenger transport hubs should realize shared service function spaces such as water transport and road passenger transport. Railway-dominated and water-dominated comprehensive freight hubs should focus on the overall layout of specialized container intermodal transport, loading and unloading storage, short-haul and other facilities and equipment to improve the efficiency of multimodal transport. Promote the development of resource elements of international cruise ports, combine the needs of the international and domestic cruise markets, actively expand international departure routes and international call routes, optimize the passenger entry and exit and fast customs clearance service processes, and support the formation of an international cruise passenger service network with high-quality services and convenient travel. | x | x | |||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Water Transport | 2021 | Vigorously develop cruise transportation and enrich cruise tourism routes and products. Promote the scale, intensification, and diversification of maritime transport operations to enhance their risk resilience and international competitiveness. Encourage shipping transport companies to establish long-term, risk-sharing, mutually beneficial partnerships with cargo owners, financial institutions, shipbuilding companies, and other entities, and encourage alliances among shipping transport companies. Actively strive for international trade transportation rights and interests, further increase the proportion of key materials carried, and continuously optimize the structure of shipping service trade. Cultivate a group of shipping transport companies with strong international competitiveness. Optimize specialized shipping systems for containers, crude oil, iron ore, LNG, and grain, and enhance transportation service assurance capabilities. Continuously improve the global maritime trunk line network and further enhance the connectivity of Chinese ports with countries and regions along the Belt and Road. Support Shanghai in developing high-end shipping services by leveraging its advantages as an international economic, financial, trade, shipping, and technological innovation center. Promote the development of specialized shipping services in Ningbo and Zhoushan, and enhance global port and shipping resource allocation capabilities. Attract various international and national shipping organizations to Shanghai, and establish a globally influential shipping think tank. Enrich and optimize the existing shipping index system, expand the index's application areas, enhance its international influence, and actively and steadily develop shipping financial derivatives. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Develop high-speed rail express and other express railway freight products, strengthen international air freight capacity, and enhance international shipping competitiveness. | x | ||||
| Comprehensive work plan for energy conservation and emission reduction in the 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Strengthen the recovery and management of oil and gas from oil tankers and crude oil and refined oil terminals. | x | ||||
| Digital Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2021 | Promote the application of Beidou system's short message features in the fields of ship supervision, maritime search and rescue, emergency communications, etc. Explore the application of Beidou system in the fields of vehicle-road collaboration, port operations, etc., deepen the application of Beidou system in the global shipping field, and promote the international application of Beidou system in the transportation field. Promote the application of electronic boat tickets. Promote the application of autonomous driving within the port area and port collection and distribution channels. Improve ship-shore and ship communication systems and intelligent navigation facilities, enhance the ship-shore coordination capabilities throughout the entire navigation process, and support intelligent assisted navigation of ships in complex all-weather environments. Build ship pollutant emission monitoring and service facilities and equipment, innovate operating mechanisms, and improve the level of ship pollutant prevention and control. Encourage the establishment of a third-party shipping transaction and service e-commerce platform. Promote Coordinated Supervision of Maritime Traffic Safety: Advance the online coordination of key operational functions including maritime safety supervision, navigation support, rescue and salvage, waterway maintenance, and emergency command. Promote the construction of a number of autonomous driving and intelligent shipping test bases and pilot application pilot projects. | x | ||||
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | Strengthen the radiation capacity of the international shipping center, improve four international maritime transport channels, including across the Pacific Ocean to America via Japan and South Korea, to Oceania via Southeast Asia, to Europe and Africa via Southeast Asia and South Asia across the Indian Ocean, and the Ice Silk Road across the Arctic Ocean, ensure the international transportation of key national materials such as crude oil, iron ore, grain, and liquefied natural gas, expand the international maritime logistics network, and accelerate the development of the cruise economy. | x | ||||
| Promote the development of multimodal transport, optimize and adjust the transport structure Work Program (2021-2025) | 2021 | Support port cities to develop water-land multimodal transport of daily necessities in conjunction with the transformation of old urban docks. Accelerate the construction of water-to-water transshipment terminals such as the north side of Xiaoyangshan, promote the upgrading and renovation of supporting facilities such as terminals and anchorages, and significantly reduce the proportion of highway collection and distribution ports. Encourage port enterprises to strengthen cooperation with railway, shipping and other enterprises, and coordinate the layout of container return points. | x | x | x | ||
| 14th Five Year Plan for the Construction of Modern Logistics System | 2020 | Improve the level of international shipping services. Expand the international shipping route network of coastal ports, strengthen the construction of international hub ports such as Shanghai Port, Dalian Port, Tianjin Port, Qingdao Port, Lianyungang Port, Ningbo Zhoushan Port, Xiamen Port, Shenzhen Port, Guangzhou Port, Beibu Gulf Port, and Yangpu Port, improve the ability of transit radiation organization, and improve the comprehensive service functions such as shipping transactions, international trade, and financial insurance. Improve the port freight service functions and extend the port and shipping value-added service chain. Improve the supply chain organization and container cargo matching capabilities of shipping companies, deepen the logistics information connection with foreign trade companies, integrate domestic and foreign logistics network resources, form a world-class fleet, and cultivate international competitive advantages in shipping. Promote the application of blockchain in the field of international shipping and explore the issuance of blockchain electronic bills of lading. Deepen the construction of a global shipping service network based on blockchain. | x | ||||
| Outline for the Development of Inland Waterway Transport | 2020 | By 2035, a modern inland waterway transport system that satisfies the people, has strong guarantees and is at the forefront of the world will be basically established. Major breakthroughs have been made in inland waterway infrastructure, transportation services, green development, and safety supervision. The comparative advantages in comprehensive transportation have been fully utilized, and the guarantee capacity for serving national strategies has been significantly enhanced. The proportion of new energy and clean energy ships has increased significantly, and pollutants such as ship sewage and garbage have been collected and discharged in compliance with standards; new generation information technologies such as the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence are widely used in inland waterway shipping. By 2050, a modern inland waterway transportation system that satisfies the people, has strong guarantees and is at the forefront of the world will be fully established. The east-west cross-regional waterway transportation channels will be efficient and unobstructed, and the north-south cross-water system will be connected. With first-class port and shipping infrastructure , first-class shipping technology and equipment, high-quality shipping services, and intelligent safety supervision, the governance system and governance capacity will be fully modernized to serve the socialist modern power. Develop high-quality inland water passenger transport. Promote the integrated development of inland water passenger transport with tourism, culture, and cities, promote the tourism, comfort, and passenger-carrying development of water passenger transport, and improve the quality of passenger transport. Improve the quality and level of rural inland water passenger transport service facilities according to local conditions, and promote equalization of public transportation services. Create high-quality inland water routes with high standards, and enrich and improve the diversified products of water tourism passenger transport. Strengthen the prevention and control of pollution from ships and ports. Study and promote the extension of the ship emission control zone policy to inland rivers across the country, and improve emission control standards. Accelerate the construction and regular operation of facilities such as port ship pollutant reception and transfer, chemical tank cleaning stations, and dangerous chemical anchorages along key waterways such as the Yangtze River main line, and take the lead in implementing zero emissions from ships to water bodies in closed waters such as important reservoirs and lakes. Coordinate the upgrading and renovation of existing terminal environmental protection facilities and the construction and use of new terminal environmental protection facilities. Strengthen the construction and supervision of intelligent monitoring and early warning capabilities in key waters. Accelerate the research and development of specific ship types for direct river-sea access, as well as large-scale leisure and vacation luxury cruise ships and short-distance leisure and sightseeing cruise ship types. Create a new era shipping culture carrier. Support the construction of cultural belts and landscape corridors along the river, strengthen the comprehensive protection and development of the historical culture and cultural landscape of the ancient canal, improve relevant facilities, equipment and management systems, and encourage popular science education and experience tours. Consolidate and develop the achievements of the industry's spiritual civilization. Integrate resources such as large-scale shipping forums, exhibitions, festivals, and Maritime Day, make full use of traditional and emerging media to innovate and organize shipping cultural publicity activities, and build an international shipping cultural event with global influence. Improve professional ethics and civilized service standards, and continuously improve the level of civilization in the industry. | x | x | |||
| Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Nation | 2019 | Strengthen the independent design and construction capabilities of large and medium-sized cruise ships, large liquefied natural gas ships, polar navigation ships, smart ships, and new energy ships. Develop new equipment such as underwater robots, deep diving equipment, large oil spill recovery ships, large deep-sea multifunctional rescue ships, etc. Improve the global connectivity of maritime and civil aviation, build a world-class international shipping center, and promote the construction of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. | x |
Shipping port infrastructure improvements
| Opinions on promoting high-quality development of inland waterway transportation | 2025 | Strengthen the comprehensive transportation hub function of ports. Focus on the main inland ports, strengthen the gathering of resource elements, base on the comprehensive transportation system, and enhance the hub function. Accelerate the opening of the "last mile" of the railway to the port, develop a collection and distribution system that integrates various modes of transportation, and improve the level of facility connectivity. Coordinate and accelerate the construction, reconstruction and expansion of port terminals, revitalize the existing stock, optimize the incremental growth, and promote intensive and large-scale development. Strengthen the construction of passenger ports and terminals, improve the waiting service facilities, and enhance the quality of port passenger services. | x | x | |||
| Action Plan for Improving Transportation Standards (2024-2027) | 2024 | Promote the construction of intelligent port and shipping systems. Strengthen the formulation of a series of standards for remote control operations of automated dry bulk terminals, promote the development of technical standards for intelligent yards and intelligent tallying, strengthen the deep integration of digital technology and business, and support the digital empowerment of ports. Accelerate the formulation of standards such as the blockchain-based electronic platform for port entry and exit business, shipping blockchain architecture and data specifications, promote the development of shipping big data platform standards, promote the transformation and upgrading of inland shipping, and lead the development of new forms of intelligent shipping. | x | ||||
| Guiding Opinions on the Construction of Smart Ports | 2024 | By 2025, shortcomings in facilities, equipment, and information technology at ordinary ports will be largely addressed, significantly improving port accessibility. The level of intelligence in facilities, equipment, and regulatory operations at key ports will be significantly enhanced. Hub ports will essentially be built into smart ports, playing a leading and exemplary role. By 2030, a favorable ecosystem will be established in which all participating ports are intelligently interconnected, coordinated, and efficiently operated, with some ports achieving internationally advanced levels of intelligence. By 2035, modern ports will essentially be built, leading the global development of smart ports. | x | ||||
| Opinions on strengthening the clean and efficient use of coal | 2024 | Optimize the layout of coal ports and enhance the railway collection and distribution capacity. | x | x | |||
| Opinions on Strengthening the Planning and Construction of Coastal and Inland Ports and Waterways in the New Era | 2024 | Steadily advance the development of key container port areas in ports such as Dalian, Tianjin, Qingdao, Shanghai, Ningbo-Zhoushan, Suzhou, Xiamen, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Beibu Gulf, and Yangpu, enhancing the international connectivity and hub functions of trunk container ports. Increase the loading and unloading capacity of large-scale ore terminals in ports such as Tangshan, Rizhao, Ningbo-Zhoushan, and Beibu Gulf. Promote the construction of large-scale crude oil terminals in Yingkou, Qingdao, Ningbo-Zhoushan, and Xiamen, and improve the layout of crude oil terminals. Promote the orderly development of LNG terminals, enhance the transshipment and storage capacity of grain terminals, and promote the construction of roll-on/roll-off terminals for commercial vehicles. | x | ||||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Accelerate the construction of Beibu Gulf International Gateway Port, Pinglu Canal, etc. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Build world-class port clusters in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, support Shandong in building a world-class ocean port, promote the integrated development of coastal ports in the Northeast, optimize the functional layout of ports, and promote resource integration and sharing. Orderly promote the construction of public facilities such as specialized terminals and inbound and outbound waterways at coastal ports. Moderately advance the construction of loading, unloading, storage, and transit facilities for grain, energy, and mineral resources, and promote the planning and construction of liquefied natural gas terminals along the coast and rivers. Improve the level of specialization and scale of inland ports, and reasonably and centrally layout specialized terminals such as containers, coal, iron ore, and commercial vehicles. Promote the effective connection between port receiving facilities for ship pollutants and urban public transfer and disposal facilities, and improve the electronic joint form supervision system. Carry out comprehensive treatment of port sewage and dust, promote the recycling of production and living sewage and rainwater sewage, and improve the wind and dust prevention facilities in the dry bulk terminal yard. | x | ||||
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | Deepen the construction of green ports and green waterways. Comprehensively improve the level of port pollution prevention and control, energy conservation and low carbon, ecological protection, resource conservation and recycling, and green transportation organization, continue to promote the construction of green ports, and encourage ports or port areas with conditions to build green ports (port areas). Promote the upgrading and transformation of old inland river docks, actively promote the optimization and integration of scattered docks and orderly withdrawal, and encourage the ecological restoration of land and water areas. Further improve the level of port pollution control. Coordinate and strengthen the maintenance and management of environmental protection facilities of existing terminals and the construction and use of environmental protection facilities of new terminals to ensure stable operation and promote the recycling of water resources. Accelerate the construction of wind and dust prevention facilities and equipment configuration in dry bulk terminal yards. Orderly promote the construction, renovation and use of crude oil, refined oil terminals and ship oil and gas recovery facilities, and improve operation management regulations and supporting standards and specifications. Improve the operation effect of water-based chemical tank washing stations and improve the disposal capacity of chemical tank washing water. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Accelerate the construction of world-class port clusters and airport clusters. | x | ||||
| Digital Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2021 | Develop smart shipping. Promote the automation transformation of docks and yards, and accelerate the comprehensive application of intelligent dispatching of ports and stations, remote control of equipment, etc. Build a port collection and distribution and logistics big data center to promote the online handling of full-process logistics business. Promote the application of autonomous driving within the port area and port collection and distribution channels. Smart port. Promote the construction of new automated container terminals and unmanned systems for bulk dry cargo terminals, and accelerate the comprehensive application of intelligent dispatching of ports and stations, remote control of equipment, etc. Build a smart logistics service platform for ports, promote online collaboration of logistics operations, and strengthen intelligent monitoring and early warning of dangerous goods in ports. | x | ||||
| Promote the development of multimodal transport, optimize and adjust the transport structure Work Program (2021-2025) | 2021 | Accelerate the development of large-scale port areas with direct railway access to major ports. | x | x | |||
| Voluntary National Review 2021 - CHN | 2021 | Constructing offshore deep-water ports. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Plan for the Construction of Modern Logistics System | 2020 | Expand the international shipping route network of coastal ports, strengthen the construction of international hub ports such as Shanghai Port, Dalian Port, Tianjin Port, Qingdao Port, Lianyungang Port, Ningbo Zhoushan Port, Xiamen Port, Shenzhen Port, Guangzhou Port, Beibu Gulf Port, and Yangpu Port, improve the ability of transit radiation organization, and improve the comprehensive service functions such as shipping transactions, international trade, and financial insurance. | x | ||||
| Outline for the Development of Inland Waterway Transport | 2020 | Strengthen the radiation function of port hubs. Improve the collection and distribution system, promote the construction of connecting channels between key port areas and riverside development zones and logistics parks, speed up the opening of the "last mile" of railways and high-level roads to ports, and strive to increase the proportion of bulk cargo rail-waterway collection and distribution and container rail-waterway transport, effectively reducing logistics costs. Optimize port storage facilities and distribution networks, improve the efficiency of water transport ports, expand the port's modern logistics, commercial services, and bulk commodity trade functions, and promote the development of a full-process logistics supply service chain with ports as hubs. Promote resource integration and improve port layout. Deepen the integration of port resources, orderly and effectively promote the integrated development of regional ports, and form a development pattern with clear levels, complementary functions and orderly competition. Classify and revitalize the existing port shorelines, strictly control the newly added port shorelines, and strive to strengthen the construction of intensive and large-scale public port areas. Standardize the construction and management of port public anchorages, and coordinate the sharing of public resources such as waterways, anchorages, and water service areas. Promote the coordinated development of ports, industries, and cities. Strengthen the effective connection between ports and urban and rural construction and industrial development layout, promote the coordinated development of urban landscape shorelines and port production shorelines, strengthen the construction of tourist passenger terminals, inland cruise terminals, and convenient terminals in reservoir areas, and integrate port pollution prevention and control into the urban ecological environment protection system. Strengthen the application of energy-saving and emission reduction technologies in ports. Strictly adhere to the red line of ecological protection, integrate the concept of resource conservation and environmental protection into the entire process of inland waterway planning, design, construction, maintenance and operation, and promote the construction of green waterways and green ports. Promote ecological restoration projects for early-stage shipping facilities, and strengthen ecological protection and restoration of important ecological functional areas. Implement port greening projects and guide ports to adopt various measures to carry out ecological restoration of land and water areas. | x | x |
Solar energy
| Action Plan for Energy Conservation and Carbon Reduction 2024-2025 | 2024 | Encourage the construction of photovoltaic power generation facilities at transportation hubs and along road networks. | x | ||||
| Implementation Plan for Promoting Low-Carbon Development in the Railway Industry | 2024 | Actively explore and promote new modes of self-consistent wind, solar, hydrogen and storage green energy power supply and optimize the use of traditional electrification systems. Promote the distributed access of new energy in traction substations and traction networks. | x | ||||
| The People's Republicof China Fourth National Communication on Climate Change | 2023 | New Goals and New Measures for Nationally Determined Contributions (2021): Increase the share of non-fossil fuels in primary energyconsumption to around 25%, , and to bring its total installed capacity of wind and solar power to over 1.2 billion kilowatts by 2030. | |||||
| China's Green Development in the New Era | 2023 | Vigorously developing non-fossil energy. China has made rapid progress in building large-scale wind and photovoltaic power stations on infertile and rocky terrain and in deserts. It has steadily developed offshore wind farms, actively promoted rooftop photovoltaic power generation in urban and rural areas, and encouraged distributed wind power generation in rural areas. China has built a structured matrix of large hydropower stations in the basins of major rivers, especially those in the southwest. In accordance with local conditions, it has developed solar, biomass, geothermal and ocean energy, and power generation through urban solid waste incineration. It has developed nuclear power in a safe and orderly manner. Committed to innovation-driven development, China has worked on developing hydrogen energy. It has accelerated the construction of a new power system to adapt to the steady increase in the proportion of new energy. To promote the efficient use of renewable energy, it has carried out appraisals of relevant parties' performance in meeting the set goals for consumption of power generated from renewable energy. | |||||
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | Accelerate research on infrastructure distributed photovoltaic power generation equipment and grid-connected technology. | x | x | |||
| Outline for the Development of Inland Waterway Transport | 2020 | Increase the promotion and application of new energy and clean energy. Promote LNG energy-saving and environmentally friendly ships, explore the development of pure electric, fuel cell and other power ships, and study and promote the application of solar energy, wind energy, hydrogen energy and other industries. | x |
Stakeholder involvement - General
| Implementation details of subsidies for new energy city buses and power battery renewal in 2025 | 2025 | The provincial transportation authorities shall actively organize bus manufacturers, power battery manufacturers, power battery replacement service companies and applicants to strengthen the supply and demand connection and give play to the scale advantages. | x | x | |||
| Opinions on promoting high-quality development of inland waterway transportation | 2025 | Support the deepening of market cooperation between inter-provincial ports, promote the coordinated development of regional ports, and accelerate the cultivation of port groups in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Innovation in Transportation Standards Management | 2024 | We will listen extensively to the opinions of stakeholders of the standards. We will further deepen the working mode of combining targeted solicitation of opinions with public solicitation of opinions, listen extensively to the opinions of stakeholders of the standards, and solicit opinions from relevant administrative departments of the State Council, business management agencies of the Ministry, members of the Standardization Committee, provincial-level transportation departments, enterprises, institutions, social groups, consumer organizations, and educational and scientific research institutions as needed to ensure that the technical content of the standards conforms to the actual development of the industry. | |||||
| Action Plan to Effectively Reduce Logistics Costs in the Whole Society | 2024 | Give full play to the role of industry associations as bridges and links, and strengthen monitoring and analysis and industry self-discipline. | |||||
| Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Integration of Passenger, Freight and Postal Services in Rural Areas | 2024 | Actively guide the market players in rural passenger transport, freight logistics, postal services, express delivery, e-commerce, etc. in the county to strengthen cooperation in accordance with market principles. Select or establish leading enterprises with strong coordination, integration and sustainable operation capabilities as operating entities, and reasonably set up a profit distribution mechanism to enable all parties to achieve win-win cooperation in the integrated development of rural passenger, freight and postal services, and enhance the integrated development capabilities of rural passenger, freight and postal services. | |||||
| Implementation Plan for Innovative Application of General Aviation Equipment (2024-2030) | 2024 | Encourage leading enterprises to lead upstream and downstream enterprises to jointly carry out standard research, and accelerate the establishment of a standard system covering a variety of application scenarios and various types of equipment. Strengthen the cooperation between the industrial party and the airworthiness certification party, and coordinate the promotion of the connection between industrial standards and the airworthiness system. Coordinate and promote the improvement of the national aircraft management system, and clarify the regulatory requirements for application scenarios. Promote the efficient integration of general aviation equipment manufacturing and service industries. In emerging application fields such as unmanned logistics and urban air traffic, encourage leading enterprises to explore and form a business model that integrates product development, scenario construction, and demonstration operations. In the field of aviation emergency rescue, encourage general aviation operating enterprises with rich experience, strong strength, and outstanding support capabilities to collaborate efficiently with equipment manufacturing enterprises to develop a professional aviation emergency rescue equipment operation platform. | x | ||||
| Implementation Plan for Promoting Low-Carbon Development in the Railway Industry | 2024 | Encourage railway system enterprises to actively participate in carbon emission accounting and promote the establishment of corporate carbon accounts. | |||||
| Implementation Rules for Subsidies for New Energy Urban Public Buses and Power Battery Renewal | 2024 | Provincial transportation authorities should actively work with relevant departments to organize bus manufacturers, power battery manufacturers, power battery replacement service companies and applicants to strengthen supply and demand matching and give full play to scale advantages. | x | x | |||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Strengthen the construction of the intermediary organization system. Consolidate the reform results of decoupling industry associations and chambers of commerce from administrative agencies, establish a new management system and operating mechanism, strengthen policy and business guidance, and promote social organizations in the field of transportation to become new social organizations that are established in accordance with the law, run independently, have standardized governance, and self-disciplined behavior. Encourage and support social organizations in the field of transportation to give full play to their role as bridges and ties, enhance their functions in connecting and serving the industry, and actively participate in industry governance. | |||||
| Guiding Opinions on Further Building a High-Quality Charging Infrastructure System | 2023 | Encourage charging operation companies and others to accept the entrustment of owners to carry out the "unified construction and unified service" of charging infrastructure in residential areas, and provide unified construction, operation, maintenance and other services. Encourage charging operators to actively explore business cooperation models with vehicle manufacturers and Internet companies. | x | ||||
| Implementation Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Charging Infrastructure to Better Support the Deployment of New Energy Vehicles to Rural Areas and Rural Revitalization | 2023 | Residential community management units should actively assist users in installing charging facilities and explore mechanisms for cooperation with charging facility operators. | x | ||||
| Barrier-free Environment Construction Law of the People's Republic of China | 2023 | Article 17 The state encourages construction units to invite representatives of the disabled and the elderly, as well as organizations such as the Disabled Persons' Federation and the Aging Association, to participate in activities such as opinion solicitation and trial experience in the planning, design, and completion acceptance of new, rebuilt, or expanded construction projects. Article 52: When formulating or revising standards related to barrier-free environment construction, the opinions of disabled persons, elderly representatives, and organizations such as the Disabled Persons' Federation and the Aged Association shall be sought. The Disabled Persons' Federation, the Aged Association and other organizations may, in accordance with the law, propose suggestions for formulating or revising barrier-free environment construction standards. Organizations such as the Disabled Persons' Federation and the Aging Association can, as needed, hire representatives of people with disabilities and the elderly, as well as personnel with relevant professional knowledge, to supervise the construction of barrier-free environments. | |||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Vigorously cultivate the green travel culture, improve the public participation mechanism, and build a green travel service system with a reasonable layout, ecological friendliness, clean and low-carbon, intensive and efficient. | |||||
| Implementation Opinions on Further Improving the Service Capabilities of Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure | 2022 | Innovate the business model of charging services in residential communities. Charging operation companies or residential community management offices are encouraged to accept the entrustment of owners to carry out the "coordinated construction and operation" of charging facilities in residential communities, and provide paid services such as charging facility construction, operation and maintenance in a coordinated manner to improve the safety management level of charging facilities and the proportion of green electricity consumption. New models such as "sharing adjacent parking spaces" and "multiple cars and one station" are encouraged. | |||||
| "14th Five-Year" Civil Aviation Development Plan | 2021 | Encourage airports and airlines to invest in and participate in rail transit construction and operations, leveraging the collaborative effect of diverse stakeholders in comprehensive transportation. Support industry associations in their in-depth participation in civil aviation industry governance. Promote the establishment of a systematic green civil aviation work mechanism involving the government, businesses, and support organizations. Strengthen collaborative decision-making and support among airlines, airports, and air traffic control (ATC). Integrate flight arrival and departure management functions to achieve operational information sharing. Optimize and improve the efficiency of traffic flow management, flight sequencing, and runway allocation to ensure safe and efficient aircraft operations and control the energy intensity of civil aviation transport. Launch a special campaign to optimize aircraft ground taxiing fuel conservation, focusing on reducing ground holding and taxiing times. | x | x | |||
| Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030 ('1+N') | 2021 | We will encourage enterprises to take proactive steps to meet needs for green and low-carbon development, shoulder more responsibility for environmental protection, strengthen energy and resource conservation, and take green innovation initiatives to the next level. State-owned enterprises in key areas, especially those managed by the central government, should draw up peaking carbon dioxide emissions action plans and strengthen their ability to take the lead and offer guidance. Major energy consumers should review and account for their own carbon emissions, further explore ways to cut emissions, and formulate dedicated work plans tailored to their specific conditions to advance efforts in energy conservation and emissions reduction. Relevant listed and bond-issuing companies should disclose their carbon emissions according to requirements of environmental information disclosure laws. We will support industry associations and other similar social organizations in encouraging enterprises to fulfill their social responsibilities. | |||||
| New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035) | 2021 | Encourage cross-border collaboration among enterprises in new energy vehicles, energy, transportation, information and communication, and other fields. Focus on diversified production and application needs. Through open cooperation and benefit sharing, create ecologically dominant enterprises that cover key links in the industrial chain, such as solutions, R&D and production, use assurance, and operational services. In regions with good industrial foundations and concentrated innovation elements, leverage the leading role of enterprises. Cultivate several new energy vehicle industry clusters with coordinated upstream and downstream innovation, integrated development of large, medium, and small enterprises, and international influence and competitiveness, to enhance the modernization level of the industrial chain. Accelerate the development and application of automotive operating systems. Guided by the needs of vehicle manufacturers, leverage the role of leading enterprises, national manufacturing innovation centers, and other innovation platforms. Adhere to collaborative efforts in software and hardware to centrally develop automotive operating systems. Around automotive operating systems, build a development and application ecosystem with deep cooperation among market players in vehicles, key components, basic data, and software. Adapt to the intelligent application needs of new energy vehicles. Encourage enterprises in fields such as complete vehicles and components, the internet, electronic information, and communications to form alliances. Focus on the development and application of automotive operating systems. Through iterative upgrades, enhance the security, reliability, and convenience of operating systems and applications. Expand the scale of application and form a good ecosystem of openness, sharing, and collaborative evolution. Implement a safety production mechanism that combines enterprise responsibility, government supervision, industry self-discipline, and social supervision. Strengthen the primary responsibility of enterprises for product safety, implement the extended producer responsibility system, and strengthen quality and safety management, safety status monitoring, and maintenance and inspection of complete vehicles and key systems such as power batteries and electronic controls. Improve safety standards and regulations for new energy vehicles, components, maintenance and inspection, charging and swapping, etc. Strengthen safety production supervision and management and new energy vehicle safety recall management. Encourage industry organizations to strengthen technical exchanges, summarize experiences, and guide enterprises to continuously improve safety levels. Promote the improvement of relevant laws and regulations for the production management of road motor vehicles, establish and improve an exit mechanism for "zombie enterprises," strengthen supervision and inspection of the maintenance of enterprise access conditions, and promote the survival of the fittest. Give full play to the role of market mechanisms, support advantageous enterprises in mergers and reorganizations to become bigger and stronger, and further increase industrial concentration. Rely on industry associations, innovation centers, and other institutions to coordinate the joint construction and sharing of various innovation service platforms. Improve public service support capabilities in technology transfer, information services, talent training, project financing, and international exchanges. Market-led. Fully leverage the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, and strengthen the dominant position of enterprises in technological route selection, production service system construction, and other aspects. Better utilize the government's role in strategic planning guidance, standard and regulation formulation, quality and safety supervision, market order maintenance, and green consumption guidance to create a favorable environment for industrial development. | |||||
| Opinions on Strengthening the Protection of Truck Drivers' Rights and Interests | 2021 | Guide road freight operators, cargo owners and express logistics companies to scientifically determine truck drivers' working hours, workload, and labor intensity in accordance with laws and regulations, reasonably determine the time limit for cargo delivery, and protect the rest rights and interests of truck drivers. | x | ||||
| Promote the development of multimodal transport, optimize and adjust the transport structure Work Program (2021-2025) | 2021 | By 2025, the operating routes of demonstration project enterprises will basically cover the main framework of the national comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network. Encourage port shipping, railway freight, air delivery, freight forwarding companies and platform companies to accelerate the transformation into multimodal transport operators. Deepen the market-oriented reform of railways, promote the diversification of railway transport market players, study and promote the transfer of equity and cross-holding of railway, port, shipping and other enterprises, standardize the operation of road freight platform enterprises, and establish a unified, open, competitive and orderly transportation service market. | x | x | x | x | |
| Action Plan for Green Mobility | 2020 | Organize green travel and public transportation travel and other theme publicity activities every year. Carry out public opinion consultation, volunteer activities and third-party evaluation. | |||||
| Intellegent Automobile innovation and development strategy | 2020 | Encourage companies in artificial intelligence, the Internet, etc. to develop into leading companies in autonomous driving system solutions, encourage companies in information and communications, etc. to develop into smart car data service providers and wireless communication network operators, and encourage companies related to transportation infrastructure to develop into suppliers of smart city transportation system solutions. | x | ||||
| Outline for the Development of Inland Waterway Transport | 2020 | Build a unified, open, competitive and orderly modern market system. Strengthen government monitoring and information guidance of the shipping market, and improve the new industry supervision mechanism based on credit. Give full play to the role of industry associations, alliances and other organizations to guide the spontaneous and healthy development of the industry. | x | x | |||
| Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Nation | 2019 | Expand social participation. Improve the public decision-making mechanism and implement legal and democratic decision-making. Encourage transportation industry organizations to actively participate in industry governance, guide social organizations to be autonomous and self-disciplined in accordance with the law, and broaden the channels for public participation in transportation governance. Promote government information disclosure and establish and improve public supervision mechanisms. | |||||
| Highway Safety Protection Act | 2010 | Highway management agencies and highway operating companies shall set up emergency teams and organize emergency drills regularly in accordance with the emergency plans for highway incidents formulated by the transportation authorities. | x |
Sustainable aviation fuels (SAF)
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Integrated Development of Transportation and Energy | 2025 | Promote the development of green and low-carbon postal express delivery. Promote the use of new energy postal express delivery vehicles, and increase the promotion and application of drones and unmanned vehicles on the premise of ensuring safety. Actively promote the use of sustainable aviation fuels in delivery and express air transportation. Eliminate old sorting equipment, promote the iteration of intelligent sorting equipment sets, improve sorting efficiency, and promote the intelligent and low-carbon upgrading of equipment. Actively promote the use of sustainable aviation fuels in delivery and express air transportation. | x | x | |||
| Action Plan for Energy Conservation and Carbon Reduction 2024-2025 | 2024 | Rationally regulate oil consumption and promote advanced bio-liquid fuels and sustainable aviation fuels. | x | ||||
| Guidance on implementing vigorous renewable energy substitution actions | 2024 | Promote the application of sustainable aviation fuel | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year" Civil Aviation Development Plan | 2021 | Promote pilot demonstrations for the regular application of sustainable aviation fuel. | x | ||||
| China's Mid-Century Long-Term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development Strategy | 2021 | Promote the application of low-carbon energy ships and explore the application of biomass fuels and other synthetic fuels in civil aviation. | x |
Taxi - General
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Integrated Development of Transportation and Energy | 2025 | Accelerate the electrification of vehicles in the public sector, continue to promote the application of new energy vehicles in urban public transportation, taxis, postal express delivery, urban freight distribution, ports, airports and other fields | x | ||||
| China's Green Development in the New Era | 2023 | Promoting the green transformation of transport vehicles. China has vigorously promoted the use of new-energy vehicles in public transport, taxi service, environmental sanitation, logistics, distribution, civil aviation, airports, and Party and government institutions. | x | x | x | ||
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | Accelerate the promotion and application of new energy vehicles in urban public transportation, taxis, logistics and distribution. | x | ||||
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Healthy Development of the Taxi Industry | 2016 | When adding and updating taxis, priority will be given to the use of new energy vehicles. When adding and updating taxis, priority will be given to the use of new energy vehicles. | x | x |
Technical standards for general transport infrastructure
| Guidelines for the Scientific Planning and Construction of High-Power Charging Infrastructure | 2025 | Charging construction and operation companies must strictly follow national standards to carry out the site selection, design, construction and layout of fire protection facilities for high-power charging stations. Charging operation companies must strengthen equipment procurement management, verify the qualification certificates of charging piles and supporting equipment products, China Compulsory Certification (CCC certification) and other information to ensure compliance with quality regulations. | |||||
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Integrated Development of Transportation and Energy | 2025 | Strengthen support for standards and norms. Promote the development and utilization of clean energy for transportation infrastructure, electric heavy trucks, hydrogen heavy trucks, electric ships, vehicle-grid interaction, power batteries, charging (replacement) stations, hydrogen refueling stations and other related standards, and improve safety, energy conservation, environmental protection and other standards. Issue energy supply facilities and new energy ship interface standards and communication protocols, and coordinate the promotion of new energy ship energy supply public services. Promote the formulation of new energy ship refueling safety operation and inspection standards. Research and issue standards for the "production, storage and use" of green fuels for transportation. Promote mutual recognition of international standards, promote cooperation in the field of international standards, and accelerate the improvement of the green fuel certification system for transportation. | x | x | |||
| Notice on Further Strengthening Accessible Travel Services for the Elderly | 2024 | For the construction, reconstruction and expansion of railways, highways, waterways, civil aviation, postal services, urban passenger transport and other infrastructure, local transportation, railway, civil aviation and postal management departments should supervise and guide construction departments to implement relevant barrier-free standards and specifications. If they do not meet the barrier-free facility construction standards, necessary modifications should be made according to actual conditions. It is necessary to ensure that barrier-free facilities are planned, designed, constructed, accepted and put into use at the same time as the main project, and effectively connect with the surrounding barrier-free facilities to achieve connectivity. | x | x | x | x | |
| Notice on Supporting and Guiding the Digital Transformation and Upgrading of Road and Waterway Transportation Infrastructure | 2024 | Improve the standard and specification system, and strengthen the cross-regional integration of standards for various types of transportation network infrastructure. | |||||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | The standardization rate of pallets will be increased to about 40%. Improve the level of logistics standardization. Promote standardized logistics vehicles. Accelerate the promotion and recycling of logistics vehicles such as standard pallets, turnover boxes (baskets), promote the adaptability transformation of upstream and downstream facilities, and encourage logistics methods such as pallet transportation | |||||
| Guiding Opinions on Further Building a High-Quality Charging Infrastructure System | 2023 | Formulate and implement unified standards. In combination with the development trend of electric vehicle intelligence and networking and the needs of new energy system construction, continue to improve the charging infrastructure standard system, strengthen the iterative update of construction and operation, product performance, interconnection and other standards, accelerate the formulation and revision of advanced charging and swapping technology standards, and enhance the internationalization leadership of standards. | x | ||||
| The People's Republicof China Fourth National Communication on Climate Change | 2023 | China has continued to strengthen urban lifelines. It has formulated and improvedurban infrastructure design and construction standards, strengthened urban emergency preparedness, and enhanced urban resilience; continuously improved the design and construction standards of roads, railways, airports, pipelines, urban rail lines, water buses, and other transport infrastructure, accelerated road reconstruction and rehabilitation, andimproved the national highway network's capability to adapt to extreme weather eventssuch as extreme cold events, floods, and typhoons. | x | x | x | x | |
| Barrier-free Environment Construction Law of the People's Republic of China | 2023 | Article 12 Newly constructed, rebuilt, or expanded residential buildings, residential areas, public buildings, public places, transportation facilities, urban and rural roads, etc., shall comply with the standards for barrier-free facility construction. Barrier-free facilities shall be planned, designed, constructed, accepted, and put into use simultaneously with the main project, and shall be effectively connected and connected with the surrounding barrier-free facilities. Barrier-free facilities shall be equipped with barrier-free signs that meet the standards and be included in the guidance sign system of the surrounding environment or inside the building. Article 24 Parking lots shall be equipped with barrier-free parking spaces and prominent signs in accordance with barrier-free facility construction standards. Accessible parking spaces shall be used preferentially by motor vehicles driven or taken by physically disabled persons. If barrier-free parking spaces are used preferentially, special signs for disabled vehicles shall be placed in prominent locations or disability certificates shall be provided. If barrier-free parking spaces are sufficient, motor vehicles driven or taken by other disabled persons with limited mobility, the elderly, pregnant women, infants and young children, etc. may also use them. Article 25 Newly operated civil aircraft, passenger trains, passenger ships, public buses and trams, urban rail transit vehicles and other public transportation vehicles shall ensure that a certain proportion meets the barrier-free standards. If the existing public transportation vehicles meet the conditions for renovation, they shall be renovated to be barrier-free and gradually meet the requirements of the barrier-free standards; if they do not meet the conditions for renovation, the operators of public transportation vehicles shall take necessary alternative measures. Local people's governments at or above the county level shall gradually establish urban barrier-free public transportation guide systems and plan to deploy an appropriate number of barrier-free taxis based on local conditions. | x | x | x | x | x |
| 14th Five Year Plan for Aviation Logistics | 2022 | Optimize and transform landside road resources. Encourage logistics hub airports to set up different types of logistics dedicated channels to achieve separation of fast and slow, passenger and cargo, and meet the timeliness requirements of different cargo transportation. Achieve separation of fast and slow, passenger and cargo, and meet the timeliness requirements of different cargo transportation. Coordinate and improve the airside transportation system, make intensive use of facilities and land resources, shorten the traffic routes between cargo terminals and aprons, rationally plan the intersection of the airside logistics road system and the aircraft taxiway system, encourage unmanned and automated transportation to replace traditional transportation methods, and improve cargo transfer efficiency. | x | x | |||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Establish and improve the infrastructure asset management system, strictly control the quality of facilities and equipment products at the source, reasonably arrange the construction cycle, and promote quality construction and fine management. Strengthen the construction of traffic safety facilities, and promote the simultaneous design, construction and operation of safety supporting facilities, key target prevention facilities and main projects. Strengthen the foundational systems for quality-related technologies, including metrology, standards, certification and accreditation, and inspection and testing, and enhance quality supervision and management. | |||||
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | Improve the green transportation standard and specification system. Revise the green transportation standard system and strengthen the effective supply of standards for new technologies, new equipment, new materials, and new processes. -In terms of resource conservation and utilization, formulate and revise standards for new energy vehicle batteries, asphalt pavement materials, and recycling of construction waste; -In terms of energy conservation and carbon reduction, formulate and revise standards for energy consumption limit access for operating vehicles and ships and port machinery and equipment, technical requirements for new energy and fuel cell operating vehicles, and green operation of urban rail transit; -In terms of pollution prevention and control, cooperate in formulating and revising standards for sewage and exhaust emission limits for facilities and equipment such as ports, operating vehicles and ships, service areas, and automobile repairs; -In terms of ecological protection, formulate and revise standards for ecological protection of facilities such as roads, ports, and waterways. | x | x | x | ||
| Opinions on Promoting Green Development in the Joint Construction of the Belt and Road Initiative | 2022 | Guide enterprises to promote green environmental protection standards and best practices for infrastructure, rationally select sites and routes during the design phase, reduce the impact on various protected areas and ecologically sensitive and fragile areas, do a good job in environmental impact assessments, implement practical ecological and environmental protection measures during the construction and operation periods, and continuously improve the level of green and low-carbon development in the process of infrastructure operation, management and maintenance. | |||||
| Outline of the Medium- and Long-Term Development Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation (2021-2035) | 2022 | improve the reliability design and intelligent construction technology level of transportation infrastructure under complex geological, hydrological, climatic and other natural environmental conditions. | |||||
| "14th Five-Year" Civil Aviation Development Plan | 2021 | We will further tighten standards and revise and improve land use indicators for transport airport construction. We will strictly control the approval, construction, and acceptance of new and expanded airport projects. We will strengthen land, energy, water, and material conservation assessments and promote technological models. We will prioritize airport ground services and operational efficiency as key objectives in airport planning and design, fully optimizing runway configurations, apron stand design, and aircraft ground operations procedures. | x | ||||
| China's Mid-Century Long-Term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development Strategy | 2021 | Build a comprehensive three-dimensional transportation networkand integrate the concept of green development throughout theentire process of transportation infrastructure planning, design.construction, operation, and maintenance, and actively promotethe construction of green railways, green highways, greenwaterways, green ports, green airports, and green hubs. | x | x | x | x | |
| New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035) | 2021 | Establish a comprehensive standard system for the integrated development of new energy vehicles and related industries. Clarify technical interface standards for automotive operating systems, basic automotive maps, charging pile information sharing, and cloud control basic platforms. Establish a cross-industry, cross-domain comprehensive big data platform to promote the joint construction, sharing, and interconnection of various types of data. | x | ||||
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | Coordinate the planning and construction of comprehensive transportation corridors. Strengthen the guiding and restraining role of national land space planning on infrastructure planning and construction, and strengthen the connection and coordination with related plans. Save and intensively utilize corridor line resources, shoreline resources, land resources, airspace resources, and water resources, promote the development of transportation corridors from single to comprehensive, from plane to three-dimensional, reduce the division of space, and improve the efficiency of national land space utilization. Coordinate the planning and construction coordination of multiple modes of transportation and the exploration and application of new modes of transportation, and realize the mutual coordination and deep integration of multiple modes of transportation by land, water, and air. Make good use of existing transportation corridors, strengthen the demonstration of infrastructure construction plans for corridors across rivers, across seas, and through environmentally sensitive areas, and promote the line coordination and cross-sectional space integration of linear infrastructure such as railways and highways. Strengthen the coordination of comprehensive transportation corridors with infrastructure such as communications, energy, and water conservancy, and improve the efficiency of corridor resource utilization. | x | x | |||
| Outline for the Development of Inland Waterway Transport | 2020 | Improve the inherent safety level of facilities and equipment. Improve the technical standards and specifications for the safety of inland waterway infrastructure, build a modern engineering construction quality management system, continue to increase investment in infrastructure safety protection and maintenance management, and promote quality construction and meticulous management. Strengthen the quality management of ships, port machinery and other means of transport to ensure the safety of transportation equipment. | x | ||||
| Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Nation | 2019 | Improve the technical standards and specifications for transportation infrastructure safety, continue to increase investment in infrastructure safety protection, and enhance the safety protection capabilities of key infrastructure. Build a modern engineering construction quality management system to promote quality construction and fine management. Improve the transportation safety production system. Improve the legal governance system, and improve the transportation safety production laws, regulations, and standards. |
Technical standards for rail infrastructure
| Implementation Plan for Promoting Low-Carbon Development in the Railway Industry | 2024 | Promote the construction of green railway projects, strengthen the management of the entire process of design, construction, completion and acceptance, advocate green design and green construction, establish and improve the measurement and monitoring, statistical accounting and assessment of energy consumption and carbon emissions at all stages, and ensure that the project meets the requirements of green and low-carbon development. Improve the technical standard system. Encourage railway scientific research institutions and enterprises to tackle key low-carbon technologies. Encourage railway enterprises to promote the application of green and low-carbon new technologies, new materials, new processes and new equipment. Carry out research on carbon emission accounting, monitoring, measurement and evaluation and certification systems in the railway field, and improve the evaluation system of green railways and green passenger stations. Actively apply green building materials, promote the application of recyclable and reusable building materials and renewable resources, actively promote the reduction and resource utilization of railway construction waste, and achieve low energy consumption and low emissions in railway infrastructure construction. Implement green passenger station projects. New passenger stations shall be designed and constructed in strict accordance with relevant green construction standards. Strengthen the green transformation of existing passenger stations and implement green lighting. Through the application of energy management technology and frequency conversion transformation, energy-saving optimization control shall be carried out on energy-consuming equipment such as HVAC, water supply and drainage, and electrical equipment. Install photovoltaic systems in passenger stations that meet the conditions, select typical passenger stations for pilot applications, and form a demonstration effect. Strengthen the application of energy-saving and new energy technologies such as photovoltaic power generation in stations, and give priority to the use of photovoltaic construction integrated mode (BIPV) or unified setting conditions for the roofs of new railway stations and other buildings. New large-scale stations approved from 2024 onwards must adopt energy management technology and meet the three-star green building standards.Fully implement green delivery and conduct green construction effect evaluation before project delivery. Carry out pilot demonstration work on green and low-carbon passenger stations and build a number of energy-saving and low-carbon railway passenger stations. | x | ||||
| Outline of the Medium- and Long-Term Development Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation (2021-2035) | 2022 | Develop technologies and integrated operation service standards for trunk railways, intercity railways, urban (suburban) railways, and urban rail transit integrated planning and construction. | x | ||||
| Opinions on Further Improving the Work of Railway Planning and Construction | 2021 | Strictly control the construction of parallel lines of existing high-speed railways. In principle, new parallel lines shall not be built if the capacity utilization rate of existing high-speed railways is less than 80%. New railway projects must be implemented strictly in accordance with the plans approved by the state. For projects included in the plan, their functional positioning, construction schedule, and construction standards shall not be arbitrarily adjusted. In principle, projects not included in the plan shall not commence construction. It is strictly prohibited to build subways and light rails in the name of new intercity railways and urban (suburban) railways in violation of regulations. The main high-speed rail lines that are planned to run through provincial capitals and megacities, with a recent two-way passenger flow density of more than 25 million passengers per year and a medium and long-distance passenger flow ratio of more than 70%, can adopt a speed of 350 kilometers per hour. The high-speed rail lines that are planned to connect large cities at or above the prefectural level, with a recent two-way passenger flow density of more than 20 million passengers per year and more prominent road network functions can reserve conditions for a speed of 350 kilometers per hour. The high-speed rail regional connecting lines that are planned to build a recent two-way passenger flow density of more than 15 million passengers per year can adopt a speed of 250 kilometers per hour. In principle, the planning and construction of intercity railway lines adopts a speed of 200 kilometers per hour or less. In addition, the planning and construction of new railway lines in blank areas of the road network in the central and western regions generally adopt the passenger and freight co-line standard. Relevant units should strengthen the demonstration and review of technical indicators such as passenger flow density, and strictly hold accountable for data falsification and other behaviors in accordance with laws and regulations. After high-speed railways are put into operation, they should be put into operation at speeds in accordance with the design standards as soon as possible. Effectively control the cost. Strictly review railway construction projects, do in-depth and detailed preliminary work, strengthen technical and economic comparison, reasonably determine construction standards, expropriation and demolition scope and compensation standards, and meet the requirements of financial balance in addition to major national strategic needs, and avoid blind comparison, excessive advancement or duplication of construction. Strengthen project management, encourage the use of independent technology and equipment, optimize construction organization, and strictly prohibit unauthorized increase of construction content, improvement of standards or expansion of scale. If additional central fiscal funding is required, relevant approval procedures must be followed. If there are major changes in the functional positioning and construction standards of new intercity railways and urban (suburban) railways, or if the line mileage, direct engineering costs (excluding price increases) and other increases exceed 20% compared with the construction plan, the construction plan adjustment procedures must be followed. | x | ||||
| Promote the development of multimodal transport, optimize and adjust the transport structure Work Program (2021-2025) | 2021 | Actively promote the application of standardized pallets (1200mm×1000mm) in container transportation and multimodal transport. | x | x | |||
| The General Office of the State Council on further strengthening Opinions on Urban Rail Transit Planning and Construction Management | 2018 | Environmental impact assessments shall be conducted concurrently during the preparation of urban rail transit construction plans, and the environmental impact reports shall be reviewed and approved by the competent authorities for ecological and environmental protection in accordance with prescribed procedures. Establish and improve safety production management systems for construction companies and developing companies, and strengthen safety production standardization. | x | x |
Technical standards for road infrastructure
| Action Plan for Improving Transportation Standards (2024-2027) | 2024 | Develop a series of standards for electrified road transport systems to support long-distance zero-carbon and efficient transportation of bulk goods. Promote pollution prevention and recycling. Revise standards for passenger car interior noise limits and road sound barriers to improve the level of transportation noise pollution prevention. Formulate resource recycling standards for road service facility rainwater, road modified phosphogypsum, road construction waste recycled aggregates and inorganic mixtures, and promote resource conservation, recycling and efficient use. | x | ||||
| China's Rural Roads in the New Era | 2024 | In 2012, ten industry standards for highway engineering were released in foreign languages for the first time, including Technical Standard of Highway Engineering, General Specifications for Design of Highway Bridges and Culverts, and Technical Standard of Low Volume Rural Highway Engineering. | x | ||||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Implement a special action plan for highway digitization, and promote the digital transformation and intelligent upgrading of highway design and construction, maintenance and traffic maintenance, operation services, market governance, and standard supply. | x | ||||
| Guiding Opinions on Further Building a High-Quality Charging Infrastructure System | 2023 | accelerate the transformation of existing highway service areas, and in principle, new facilities should adopt high-power charging technology, improve the relevant design standards and construction management specifications of highway service areas. | x | ||||
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Development of Urban Integrated Transportation Systems | 2023 | Strengthen preliminary design and research and demonstration for road construction. Optimize road widths and allocate road space based on the functional layout of urban roads. Leverage roads for diverse functions such as communication and leisure, enhance vitality along the routes, and enhance the appeal of these spaces. | x | x | |||
| "14th Five-Year" National Road Traffic Safety Plan | 2022 | Percentage of national and provincial arterial roads with good or excellent traffic safety facility conditions: Reach 85% by 2025. Consolidate and enhance the effectiveness of safety hazard remediation on key sections of arterial highways, and promote the upgrading and reconstruction of bottleneck sections. Continue to advance the installation of central median barriers on high-traffic roads with dual two-lane or more configurations, in accordance with relevant standards and specifications, based on the number of head-on collisions, road functions, traffic volumes, and design speeds. Warning signs, road markings, speed bumps, warning posts, and traffic lights (including flashing warning lights) are implemented at rural level crossings. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Standardize the setting of urban road traffic safety facilities and traffic management facilities. | x | ||||
| Implementation Plan for New Urbanization in the 14th Five-Year Plan | 2022 | According to the narrow roads, dense road network and microcirculation methods, a rationally graded urban road network system will be constructed, the "three-line system" of motor vehicle lanes, non-motor vehicle lanes and sidewalks will be improved, and pedestrian crossing facilities will be improved. | x | x | |||
| National Highway Network Plan | 2022 | Scientifically determine the technical standards for facilities, adopt various technological means to enhance facility utilization efficiency, strictly implement construction land standards to conserve land resources, and rigorously protect arable land and permanent basic farmland. Integrate ecological protection and green and low-carbon concepts throughout the entire process and links of highway planning, design, construction, operation, management, and maintenance to reduce resource and energy consumption and carbon emissions throughout the entire life cycle. Avoid various ecological protection areas, environmentally sensitive areas, and urban and rural historical and cultural resource-rich areas in accordance with laws and regulations, focus on ecological protection and restoration, resource recycling, carbon emission reduction, strengthen air, water, and noise pollution prevention and control, and build green highways according to local conditions. Promote the digital transformation of all elements and the entire cycle of national highways, realize the integrated management of data resources, strengthen the dynamic collection, update and sharing of data, promote the synchronous planning and construction of building information models and road network perception networks, and incorporate the information collection infrastructure into the unified planning and construction of highway projects. Promote the formulation and revision of highway-related standards and specifications, and focus on the coordination of standards with new vehicles, information communications, intelligent transportation and other facilities and equipment. Strengthen ecological protection and restoration, and select highway routes to avoid various environmentally sensitive targets to the greatest extent possible. Important sensitive areas that cannot be avoided must be passed through underground or through the air. Simultaneously, carry out native flora and fauna protection, wetland connectivity, wound ecological restoration, and animal passage construction. Strengthen noise pollution prevention and control, implement noise protection distance requirements in sensitive areas, set up sound barriers or take other effective measures to reduce noise in key sections that may cause noise pollution. Carry out the national highway network route planning, project preliminary work and major engineering demonstration in a solid manner, do a good job in adjusting the naming and numbering of national highways, and promote the implementation of the plan in a stable and orderly manner. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Highways | 2021 | In eastern and central regions, ordinary national highways will basically meet Class II or higher road standards, while in western regions, the proportion of ordinary national highways classified as Class II or above will reach 70%. The technical standards of national highways along border and coastal areas will be significantly improved. Over 85% of townships will be accessible by Class III or better roads, and over 85% of large-population natural villages (groups) will have paved road access. The structure of the road network will be further optimized, resulting in more extensive network coverage. Transportation services have become more efficient. Road conditions have further improved, with the percentage of expressways rated "excellent" remaining above 90%. The percentage of ordinary national and provincial highways rated "good" has reached over 85% and 80%, respectively, and the percentage of rural roads rated "good" and "medium" has reached over 85%. The safety and protection level of facilities has been further improved. The proportion of Class I and II bridges on expressways will reach 95%, the proportion of Class I and II bridges on ordinary national and provincial trunk roads has reached 90%, and the treatment rate of newly discovered Class IV and V bridges (tunnels) on national and provincial trunk roads has reached 100%. Improve maintenance technical standards and specifications. The "Highway Maintenance Technical Standards" will be revised and completed, further improving standards and specifications for testing and evaluation, maintenance design, and maintenance construction, effectively raising the standardization level of highway maintenance. Local governments are encouraged to formulate and issue relevant local standards. Comprehensively promote the construction of green highways, promote the construction and upgrading of green service areas, strengthen ecological route selection, avoid ecological and environmental sensitive areas such as nature reserves and water source protection areas in accordance with the law, and improve the drainage facilities of cross-river bridges in ecological and environmental sensitive sections of roads; actively apply energy-saving technologies and clean energy, strictly protect the construction environment, and strengthen environmental management during the operation period. Coordinate the use of corridor alignment resources. In corridors with complex topography and geology and scarce alignment resources, coordinate the layout and timing of highway and railway alignment construction. In areas with low transportation demand, encourage the planning of shared alignments for expressways and ordinary roads, select technical standards based on local conditions, and promote implementation in an orderly manner. Strengthen the coordinated layout of cross-river corridors, fully utilize riverside and underwater space, and strive to promote the integration of highway, railway, and urban transportation across rivers, conserving and intensively utilizing land, shoreline, and corridor alignment resources. Strengthen resource and material recycling. Increase the renovation and utilization of older facilities, promote the recycling and comprehensive utilization of construction materials and waste materials, and encourage the use of waste materials in highway construction. Promote the use of steel bridge structures and prefabricated construction in transportation infrastructure. Encourage the recycling of sewage and the comprehensive utilization of rainwater resources in highway service areas. Improve the standards and regulations system. Build a comprehensive standards and regulations system and statistical monitoring system for highway transportation planning, construction, operation, and maintenance. Accelerate the development of standards in emerging areas such as smart highways, green highways, intermodal transport, and autonomous driving to meet the needs of high-quality development in the industry. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Promote the construction of hardened roads in natural villages according to local conditions. | x |
Technical standards for sidewalks and bicycle paths
| Barrier-free Environment Construction Law of the People's Republic of China | 2023 | Article 23 Pedestrian bridges and pedestrian underpasses in urban trunk roads, major commercial areas and large residential areas that are newly built, rebuilt, expanded or have the conditions for renovation shall be constructed or renovated with barrier-free facilities in accordance with the construction standards for barrier-free facilities. Sidewalks in areas with concentrated barrier-free needs such as urban trunk roads and major commercial areas shall be equipped with blind paths in accordance with the standards; traffic signal facilities at crosswalks around urban central areas, units where disabled people are concentrated, and schools where disabled people attend school shall be equipped with street crossing sound prompt devices in accordance with the standards. | x | x | |||
| "14th Five-Year" National Road Traffic Safety Plan | 2022 | Strengthen the safety management of the urban slow traffic system, focus on ensuring the safety of slow traffic, strive to reduce non-motor vehicle and pedestrian accidents, improve the conditions of sidewalks and non-motor vehicle lanes, and set up pedestrian crossing facilities and large vehicle right turn safety warning areas according to local conditions. | x | x |
Technical standards for vehicles
| Key points of automobile standardization work in 2025 | 2025 | Analyze and evaluate the development trends and potential application scenarios of cutting-edge technologies, identify and judge the future development direction of automotive standardization, promote the formulation and release of standard subsystems such as automotive artificial intelligence, solid-state batteries, and electric vehicle battery replacement, initiate the construction of standard systems in new fields such as data governance and application, and carry out proactive research on the standardization needs of new business forms such as flying cars. Promote the research on automotive electronic standards. Continue to improve the automotive electromagnetic compatibility standard system, promote the review and approval of mandatory national standards for electromagnetic compatibility of road vehicles, publicly solicit opinions on standards such as electrostatic discharge, and promote the development of electromagnetic compatibility standards such as vehicle antenna OTA and electromagnetic environment adaptability. Accelerate the development of standards such as functional safety of autonomous driving systems, expected functional safety, and functional safety of battery management systems, and improve the functional safety and expected functional safety levels of key systems. Conduct preliminary research on reliability standards for accelerated testing of electronic equipment, promote the revision of IP levels and environmental evaluation standards, and improve the quality level of electrical and electronic equipment. Promote the review and approval of standards such as on-board MEMS lidar and forward vision assistance, publicly solicit opinions on standards such as on-board display terminals, accelerate the development of standards for on-board wireless broadcast receiving systems and on-board inertial navigation, and standardize the performance of on-board electronic components. Strengthen the bottom-line support for automobile safety standards. Promote the release and implementation of mandatory national standards such as dangerous goods transport vehicles, accelerate the development of mandatory national standards such as passenger car structural safety requirements and special school bus safety technical conditions, promote the revision of standards such as control indicators and vehicle vision, and promote the upgrading of standards in the general safety field. Promote the release and implementation of mandatory national standards such as side collision and rear collision, accelerate the development of standards such as steering mechanism injury prevention and forward vision, promote the revision and pre-research of standards such as automobile seats, side and rear lower protection, and improve the technical level of products in the passive safety field such as occupant protection, vehicle protection, and road user protection. Accelerate the formulation and revision of a series of standards for passenger car brake-by-wire and steering-by-wire, promote the development of standards such as electronic stability control systems and brake assist systems, start the revision of commercial vehicle and trailer braking standards, and promote technical upgrades in the active safety field. Strengthen the basic support of general automobile standards. Accelerate the revision of mandatory national standards such as the outline dimensions, axle loads and mass limits of automobiles, trailers and automobile trains, promote the pre-research of the formulation and revision of standards such as main trailer matching and electric trailers, and consolidate the foundation for industrial development. Conduct research on the formulation and revision of standards such as test methods, reliability, NVH (noise, vibration and harshness), and ergonomics, and continue to promote the improvement of automobile quality. Promote the research on key standards in basic fields such as basic parts, basic elements, corrosion resistance, aging resistance, and lightweight. Promote the release and implementation of mandatory national standards such as side collision and rear collision, accelerate the development of standards such as steering mechanism injury prevention and forward vision. Promote the revision and pre-research of standards such as automobile seats, side and rear lower protection, and improve the technical level of products in passive safety fields such as occupant protection, vehicle protection, and road user protection. Conduct in-depth research on user experience standardization. Conduct research on new product technologies and standards such as hidden door handles, active pre-tensioning seat belts, large-angle seats, and in-car prompt sounds, do a good job in standard pre-research, and strengthen the feasibility demonstration of standard project establishment. Conduct research on intelligent lighting projection standards to improve the level of vehicle lighting technology and the interaction between vehicles and other road users. | x | ||||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Continue to carry out the standardization of freight vehicle models, consolidate the results of the special governance of vehicle transport vehicles and normal pressure liquid dangerous goods transport tankers, and steadily carry out the governance of non-standard vehicles such as extra-long flatbed semi-trailers and extra-long container semi-trailers. Strengthen the technical review of vehicles newly entering the road transport market, and comprehensively promote the standardization, vanization and lightweighting of freight vehicles. Further improve the standards and specifications for dangerous goods road transport to achieve alignment with international rules. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | We will continue to carry out special actions to standardize freight vehicle models in conjunction with relevant departments, and comprehensively promote the standardization, vanization, and lightweighting of freight vehicles. We will actively develop mid-axle car trains and van-type semi-trailers that meet national standards, and accelerate the promotion and application of lightweight trailers. | x |
Technologies to improve public transport service
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Promote the coordinated control of urban road traffic lights to ensure priority for public transportation; promote the release of real-time public transportation operation information on electronic bus stops, Internet information platforms, etc., optimize transfer guidance signs, popularize transportation cards, mobile payment and other services, and increase the attractiveness of public transportation. | x | x | |||
| Action Plan for Green Mobility | 2020 | The provision of public bus and tram arrival information services through mobile phone apps or electronic bus stops is fully implemented. The interconnection of public transportation cards, mobile phone payments and other non-cash payment services are fully applied. Establish relevant systems such as urban traffic management, public transportation, and taxis, promote system integration, realize travel service information sharing, and provide relevant information services to the society. | x | x | x |
Technology and knowledge transfer
| Guidance on implementing vigorous renewable energy substitution actions | 2024 | Deepen and promote international cooperation. Strengthen green energy cooperation with countries participating in the construction of the Belt and Road Initiative, deepen practical cooperation in green energy, and promote the establishment of a number of green energy best practice projects. Establish a statistical analysis platform for international cooperation in clean energy, and promote international cooperation in the research and development of advanced technology and equipment for renewable energy applications in key areas such as industry, transportation, construction, agriculture and rural areas. Support exchanges on green certificates and green electricity with international organizations, and promote the export of green certificates. Promote the "Belt and Road" science and technology innovation action plan, and carry out joint research and exchange training. | |||||
| Implementation Plan for Promoting Low-Carbon Development in the Railway Industry | 2024 | Strengthen international exchanges and cooperation. Actively participate in international cooperation on climate governance, jointly promote green and low-carbon development of railways with international railway organizations such as the International Union of Railways, the International Association of Railways, the International Union of Railways, and the European Railway Community, participate in the formulation and revision of relevant standards of the International Organization for Standardization, increase cooperation on green technologies, and promote the import and export of energy-saving and environmentally friendly products and services. Establish an international railway low-carbon development cooperation mechanism, organize international conferences and forums, and exchange experiences and practices on low-carbon development of railway systems in various countries. Promote the joint construction and sharing of green railway infrastructure along the Belt and Road. | x | ||||
| China's Rural Roads in the New Era | 2024 | With the goal of improving the wellbeing of humanity, China has played an active role in building new platforms and mechanisms for global transport cooperation and in promoting knowledge and experience sharing. Conducting international training sessions. China has contributed to the sustainable highway development of other developing countries by helping to train technical professionals. China has held 28 training sessions for more than 800 people, including a training program on road design and management in Botswana, an advanced training program on highway engineering for countries along the Belt and Road, a training program for technical personnel in highway engineering in other developing countries, and a training program on road network planning. | x | ||||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Promote high-level opening-up of transportation, strengthen the connectivity of transportation infrastructure, focus on promoting international transport facilitation, promote high-quality development of "Belt and Road" transportation connectivity, accelerate the construction of Global Sustainable Transport Innovation and Knowledge Center, promote bilateral, regional and multilateral cooperation in transportation, and promote global transportation cooperation. Build Global Sustainable Transport Innovation and Knowledge Center (GSTIKC). We will accurately grasp the development positioning and mission of the GSTIKC, give full play to the role of the GSTIKC as a high-end international cooperation platform, effectively integrate resources from all parties involved in international transportation cooperation, support the GSTIKC in hosting the Global Sustainable Transportation Summit Forum, the International Transportation Technology and Equipment Exhibition and establishing the Global Sustainable Transportation Innovation Alliance, make full use of the GSTIKC to support and help developing countries accelerate the development of sustainable transportation, strengthen the construction of international cooperation networks, and build the GSTIKC into a global high-end think tank, high-end display platform, high-end cultural exchange base, and a reserve base for international transportation personnel to promote the development of global sustainable transportation. Strengthen the construction of basic scientific and technological capabilities, build about 20 observation points of the long-term performance scientific observation network of transportation infrastructure, build 20 national transportation science popularization bases, and build more than 50 railway science and technology innovation bases. Strengthen the opening up and cooperation of transportation science and technology, and organize and implement 10 technical training courses for developing countries from the Ministry of Science and Technology. | |||||
| The People's Republicof China Fourth National Communication on Climate Change | 2023 | To improve its transparency of funding, technology and capacity building for addressingclimate change, China needs to: (1) Reinforce international exchanges and learn effective statistical and reporting practicesfrom other countries; (2) Launch studies of statistical methodology, and consider China's features of domesticand international cooperation on climate funding, technology development and transfers, and capacity building to work out a statistical methodology suiting the needs of China'sstatistical and administrative systems and in line with international practices; (3) Set up a unified national statistical system for efforts in climate funding, technologydevelopment and transfers, and capacity building; (4) Pairing up with other countries stably with the coordination from the secretariat of theUNFCCC, as a way to enable mutual assistance in climate funding, technologydevelopment and transfers, and capacity building. | |||||
| The People's Republicof ChinaThird Biennial Update Reporton Climate Change | 2023 | Chinaencourages the import of energy-saving technologies and equipment and activelyconducts international trade of green and low-carbon products featuring high quality, high technology and high added value. | |||||
| China's Green Development in the New Era | 2023 | China also supports international organizations, including the UN agencies, Asian Development Bank, Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, New Development Bank, Global Environment Facility, Green Climate Fund, International Energy Agency, and International Renewable Energy Agency, in carrying out technological assistance, capacity building and trial programs for green and low-carbon development in key sectors such as industry, agriculture, energy, transport, and urban-rural development. Through these efforts China has made a significant contribution to advancing sustainable development worldwide. | |||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation | 2022 | Build a multi-level and multi-channel international innovation cooperation platform, accelerate the construction of China's Global sustainable transportation innovation and knowledge center, build a more open transportation science and technology innovation system, and promote high-level scientific and technological cooperation and exchanges between Chinese and foreign universities, research institutes and enterprises. Focus on the fields of sustainable development of transportation, smart transportation, etc., strengthen cooperation in technology, solutions, standards, etc., and promote the two-way flow of innovation factors. Focus on the common key issues that restrict the development of transportation, and strengthen international scientific and technological cooperation to support the construction of major projects. Implement the "Belt and Road" Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan for Transportation, promote pragmatic cooperation in the exchange and training of scientific and technological talents, the joint construction of scientific and technological innovation platforms, joint technology research and development, and the transformation of results, and accelerate the construction of the "Belt and Road" international science and technology cooperation network for transportation. | |||||
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | Continue to formulate and release a catalog of key energy-saving and low-carbon technologies in the transportation industry, focus on selecting a number of energy-saving and low-carbon technologies with great emission reduction potential and wide application range, and strengthen technology publicity, exchanges, training and promotion and application. Relying on the transportation science and technology demonstration project, we will strengthen the demonstration of integrated application of energy-saving and environmental protection technologies and the transformation of results. | |||||
| National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy 2035 | 2022 | Together with other nations, we jointly inaugurated the Global Commission on Adaptation to promote large-scale climate adaptation actions and partnerships, and strengthen international cooperation on adaptation. In this process, we have told the PRC's climate change adaptation stories through publicizing and promoting our experience. As a major responsible country, China has also made vigorous efforts to promote South–South cooperation in climate change adaptation—for example, providing microsatellites and meteorological mobile stations to other developing countries such as Ethiopia, Bolivia, and Uruguay to improve their climate adaptability. | |||||
| Outline of the Medium- and Long-Term Development Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation (2021-2035) | 2022 | Strengthen international exchanges and cooperation in scientific and technological innovation. Establish the China International Sustainable Transportation Innovation and Knowledge Center. Strengthen joint research and development of advanced technologies with major innovative countries, expand cooperation space with developing countries in advantageous technologies, solutions, standards, etc., and strengthen cooperation with important international scientific and technological organizations. Support enterprises and institutions to participate in or lead the formulation and revision of rules and standards under the framework of international organization affairs. Promote the implementation of the "Belt and Road" Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan for Transportation. Research and promote the establishment of an international scientific and technological cooperation organization for transportation, and support and encourage domestic scientific research institutions and enterprises in the field of transportation to set up R&D centers overseas. | |||||
| China First NDC (Updated submission) | 2021 | China will strictly control coal-fired power generation projects, and strictly limit the increase in coal consumption over the 14th Five-Year Plan (FYP) period and phase it down in the 15th FYP period. China will promote the Belt and Road South-South cooperation on climate change. With a view to jointly promoting green and low-carbon development and building a green Silk Road, China will actively push forward the implementation of Belt and Road South-South Cooperation Initiative on Climate Change, with focus placed on pragmatic cooperation and joint development in the fields of low-carbon infrastructure, low-carbon industrial parks, low-carbon energy, low-carbon transportation, low-carbon technology research & development, low-carbon product and service trade, carbon trading market connection, climate finance, low-carbon talent training and exchanges, donation and assistance in low-carbon materials. | |||||
| Voluntary National Review 2021 - CHN | 2021 | We have strengthened capacity-building in relevant countries. The Green Silk Road Envoy Program provides training to developing countries in green development. The Belt and Road Climate Change South-South Cooperation Program establishes low-carbon demonstration zones in relevant countries to raise their ability to cope with climate change. | |||||
| Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Nation | 2019 | Domestic transportation enterprises will be encouraged to actively participate in the construction of transportation infrastructure along the “Belt and Road” and international transportation market cooperation, and build world-class transportation enterprises. |
Teleworking
| Implementation Plan for New Urbanization in the 14th Five-Year Plan | 2022 | Enrich the application scenarios of digital technology, develop remote office, remote education, remote medical care, smart travel, smart blocks, smart communities, smart buildings, smart business districts, smart security and smart emergency response. |
Traffic management
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Strengthen the comprehensive management of urban traffic congestion and promote the steady increase or maintain the share of motorized travel in urban public transportation at a reasonable level. | x | x | |||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Improve the transport network for hazardous chemicals, optimize traffic control measures for their transportation, and strengthen traffic management at key locations such as ports, tunnels, and sluice dams. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Modern Transport Hub System | 2021 | Optimize traffic organization around hubs, alleviate urban traffic congestion, and reduce vehicle emissions. | x | x | |||
| Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030 ('1+N') | 2021 | We will develop smart transportation and promote rational division of functions and effective linkages between different means of transportation, so as to reduce empty-loading ratio and unreasonable turnover in passenger and freight transportation. | x | ||||
| China First NDC (Updated submission) | 2021 | By making comprehensive use of legal, economic, administrative and other management measures, China will put particular emphasis on combating urban traffic congestion. | x | x | |||
| China's Mid-Century Long-Term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development Strategy | 2021 | Strengthen the comprehensive management of urban traffic congestion, give priority to the development of urban public transportation, encourage the public to preferentially choose urban public transportation to travel, improve the urban slow traffic system, and increase the proportion of green travel. | x | x | |||
| Digital Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2021 | Improve the highway perception network, promote the full-cycle digitization of all elements of highway infrastructure, develop vehicle-road collaboration and autonomous driving, promote driving guidance in severe weather on key sections, alleviate traffic congestion and improve operation efficiency. | x | ||||
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | Promote the intelligentization of highway network management and travel information services, and improve road traffic monitoring equipment and supporting networks. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Plan for the Construction of Modern Logistics System | 2020 | Relying on the construction of intercity rail transit network, effectively release the existing conventional railway freight capacity, improve traffic conditions around important logistics hubs and industrial parks, and improve vehicle traffic efficiency. Promote the construction of outer bypass sections of urban transit highways, promote efficient passenger and freight diversion, strengthen the efficient connection between trunk roads and urban road entrances and exits, accelerate the upgrading of bottleneck sections, and open up sections to be connected. | x | x | x | ||
| Action Plan for Green Mobility | 2020 | The congestion of urban public transportation during peak hours in the morning and evening will be controlled at a reasonable level, and the average operating speed will not be less than 15 kilometers per hour. | x | x | |||
| About accelerating the transformation and upgrading of the road freight industry | 2019 | Further improve the linkage mechanism between the urban transportation department's distribution capacity demand management and the public security traffic management department's vehicle access control, optimize vehicle access control, and provide access convenience for new energy urban distribution vehicles that meet the standards. Except for special areas, pure electric light trucks shall not be restricted in principle. | x | x | |||
| Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Nation | 2019 | Strengthen the research and development of coordinated operation and service technologies for regional integrated transportation networks, coordinated control technologies for urban integrated transportation. | |||||
| Circular of the General Office of the State Council on Strengthening the Control of Overloading and Overloading of Vehicles | 2008 | All regions and relevant departments must correctly handle the relationship between governing overloading and over-dimensioning and promoting transport. They shall closely monitor and track market dynamics and changes in highway traffic flow, strengthen organization and guidance, improve transport emergency plans and rapid response mechanisms, ensure the smooth transport of key materials such as coal, and ensure the unimpeded operation of "green channels" for agricultural and sideline products. | x |
Training of enforcement authorities
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Establish a railway administrative penalty discretion benchmark system and improve the public disclosure system of railway administrative penalty decisions. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Improve the training system for supervision and law enforcement personnel in the dangerous goods road transport industry, and strengthen the skills training of practitioners. Comprehensively strengthen standardization construction, improve the ability and level of the transportation law enforcement team, and strictly standardize fair and civilized law enforcement. | x | ||||
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | Organize and carry out green transportation-related training for transportation authorities and practitioners at all levels to improve the ability and level of green transportation work. | |||||
| "14th Five-Year" Civil Aviation Development Plan | 2021 | Enhance incident investigation capabilities. Improve the civil aviation incident investigation system. Develop multi-scenario simulation investigations and conduct regular investigation drills. Establish a cooperative mechanism and standardized work procedures for civil aviation investigation engineering and technical analysis to enhance civil aviation investigation engineering and analysis capabilities. Improve the sophistication of investigation equipment. Strengthen the development of an internationally accredited talent pool, engage in international exchanges and cooperation, and actively participate in the development of international aircraft accident investigation regulations and documents. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030 ('1+N') | 2021 | Party schools and academies of governance at all levels should include peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality in their programs and conduct phased training for officials at all levels. The training should popularize scientific knowledge, explain policy priorities, raise officials' rule of law awareness, and deepen their understanding of the importance, urgency, scientific essence, and systematic approaches of work related to peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality. Leading officials in charge of green and low-carbon development should improve their professional competence and abilities as soon as possible to effectively fulfill their duties. | |||||
| Comprehensive work plan for energy conservation and emission reduction in the 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Increase the intensity of energy conservation and emission reduction training for staff of relevant government departments, supervisory and law enforcement agencies, enterprises, etc., and improve their professional level through business training, competitions, experience exchange, etc. | |||||
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | Adhere to the guidance of the rule of law and deepen the development of rule of law government departments in transportation. Comprehensively strengthen standardization building, improve the capacityof transportation law enforcement teams, strictly standardize fair and civilized law enforcement. Implement the legal education responsibility system, create a good legal environment for the industry, and integrate legal requirements into the entire process of comprehensive transportation planning, construction, management, operation services, and safety production. | x | ||||
| Circular of the General Office of the State Council on Strengthening the Control of Overloading and Overloading of Vehicles | 2008 | Standardize Law Enforcement Conduct and Ensure Smooth Road Transport. It is necessary to strictly administer according to law, standardize law enforcement conduct, and strengthen supervision and inspection to ensure that governance work is carried out in a standardized and orderly manner. The governance of vehicle overloading and over-dimensioning shall be combined with the strict standardization of highway toll collection to prevent various forms of arbitrary charges and fines. Legal and disciplinary education for law enforcement teams shall be strengthened, and the conduct of law enforcement personnel shall be standardized. Those who engage in favoritism, malpractice, or seek personal gain through their position shall be dealt with severely. | x |
Transit-oriented development (TOD)
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Establish and improve a feedback mechanism whereby the value-added gains from the integrated development of land designated for urban public transport are used to support and reinvest in the public transport system. | |||||
| Implementation Plan for New Urbanization in the 14th Five-Year Plan | 2022 | Promote the transit-oriented development (TOD) model, build station-city integrated complexes, and encourage the comprehensive development and utilization of above-ground and underground space of rail transit. | x | x | |||
| "14th Five-Year" Civil Aviation Development Plan | 2021 | Enhance the aviation hub's agglomeration effect on various resource elements such as passenger and logistics flows, as well as its role in inducing industrial development. Adapt to local conditions, implement intensive and efficient development, support the high-quality development of national-level airport economic demonstration zones, and achieve coordinated development between airports and regional economies. Promote the integrated development of air ports, industries, and cities. Strengthen the integration of airport economic zone planning with airport master plans and urban development plans, rationally distribute airport-related industries, protect the airport environment and land resources, and reserve sufficient space for the airport's long-term development. Promote the improvement of comprehensive transportation infrastructure and supporting urban services such as public transportation, education, and healthcare around airports to build an ecologically livable modern aviation city. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Highways | 2021 | Encourage passenger station operators to conduct operational assessments and, while ensuring peak passenger service needs are met, comprehensively develop and utilize these stations. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Modern Transport Hub System | 2021 | Promote the transformation of comprehensive passenger transport hubs into urban complexes. According to the types and functional characteristics of comprehensive passenger transport hubs, reasonably determine the development model, development intensity and key development formats, coordinate the composite utilization of the above-ground and underground spaces of the hubs, and create urban complexes. | |||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Build a multi-level, integrated transportation hub system, optimize the layout of hub stations, and promote intensive and comprehensive development. Promote an intensive and compact development model with integrated functions, three-dimensional development and public transit oriented development. | |||||
| Opinions on Further Improving the Work of Railway Planning and Construction | 2021 | Learn from the urban rail transit development model and strengthen the comprehensive development of land. The use of existing developable land can be changed in accordance with laws and regulations, and it can be accelerated through transfer, leasing, etc. New railway comprehensive development land should follow the national spatial planning, and be planned, constructed and managed in a coordinated manner with urban construction. | x | x | |||
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | In accordance with the principles of station-city integration, industry-city integration, and open sharing, do a good job in reserving hub development space, controlling land use functions, and coordinating development schedules. We will implement the public transport priority development strategy in depth, build an urban public transport system with urban rail transit as the backbone and conventional public transport as the main body, promote an urban land development model oriented towards public transport, and increase the share of urban green transport. Strengthen the supply of land and other resources for national comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network planning projects, strictly control land use during planning and construction, highlight the three-dimensional, intensive and economical thinking, improve the complexity of transportation land, revitalize vacant transportation land resources, and improve relevant policies for public transportation oriented development. | x | x | x |
Transport Laws and Regulations- General
| Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the High-Quality Development of Modern Shipping Services | 2023 | Strengthen legal safeguards. Promote the revision of laws and regulations such as the Maritime Code of the People's Republic of China, the Special Maritime Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China, and the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on International Shipping, improve China's shipping legal system, and provide legal safeguards for the development of modern shipping services. Promote the construction of a credit system for the modern shipping services industry and maintain fair competition in the industry. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Improve the legal and regulatory standards system. Accelerate the formulation and revision of the Port Law, Road Transport Regulations, Urban Public Transport Regulations and supporting regulations. Accelerate the research and formulation and revision of standards in the fields of comprehensive transportation hubs, passenger intermodal transportation, multimodal freight transportation, new forms of transportation, etc., strengthen the connection of standards and specifications for facilities, equipment, information, services, etc. of different modes of transportation, coordinate the connection with international standards, and actively participate in the formulation and revision of international standards. | x | x | x | x | |
| 14th Five Year Plan for Aviation Logistics | 2022 | Promote the promulgation of the "Regulations on the Management of Public Air Cargo Transport", revise the "Regulations on the Management of Dangerous Goods in Public Air Transport", study the relevant requirements for the management of general aviation cargo transport, and improve the rules and regulations for air cargo transport. Actively promote the revision of the "Civil Aviation Cargo Transport Security Rules", revise the "Civil Aviation Security Inspection Rules" in a timely manner, formulate technical standards and operating specifications for the centralized image judgment mode of security inspection, and improve the security regulations and standards system. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Improve laws, regulations and standards. Accelerate the construction of a legal, regulatory and standard system that adapts to the modern integrated transportation system. Study and formulate and revise relevant laws and regulations on highways, railways, civil aviation and integrated transportation, and promote the effective connection of various systems. Build a standard system and statistical system for high-quality development of integrated transportation, improve technical standards such as integrated transportation hubs, passenger intermodal transportation, multimodal transportation of goods, intelligent transportation, green transportation, traffic safety emergency, barrier-free transportation, new business forms and new models, and strengthen the connection of various standards. Promote the integration of multimodal transport service rules for dangerous goods and the mutual recognition of test results. Strengthen the quality and technical infrastructure construction such as measurement, standards, certification and accreditation, and inspection and testing, and strengthen quality supervision and management. | x | x | x | x | |
| "14th Five-Year" Civil Aviation Development Plan | 2021 | Improve airworthiness certification regulations and standards. Promote the revision of regulations such as the "Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Airworthiness Management of Aircraft." Enhance practical legislative and standardization capabilities, and continuously promote the revision of administrative normative documents and airworthiness certification manuals. Promote civil aviation standardization. Complete the revision of the "Regulations on the Administration of Civil Aviation Standardization" and its supporting documents. Promote the development of the National Technical Standards Innovation Base (Civil Aviation) to enhance standardization capabilities. Guide the positive development and release of standards through product, engineering, and practical support, and promote the internationalization of civil aviation standards. Improve the civil aviation regulatory system. We will prioritize both legislative quality and progress, keep pace with the times, and improve the regulatory system to adapt to the unique characteristics of civil aviation development in the new era. We will promote the revision of the Civil Aviation Law, actively participate in the formulation of the Aviation Law, and continuously strengthen regulations and rules in key areas such as safety, security, services, and emergency management. Properly handling the relationship between civil aviation reform and legislation will allow for the development of new sectors and industries such as short-haul transport and drones, the application of new technologies, and the development of smart civil aviation, thereby enhancing the foresight of legislation. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Water Transport | 2021 | Improve laws and regulations. Accelerate the formulation and revision of relevant laws and regulations, including the "Port Law of the People's Republic of China," the "Maritime Code of the People's Republic of China," the "Regulations of the People's Republic of China on International Shipping," the "Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Waterway Management," and the "Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Inland Waterway Traffic Safety Management." Study and promote the formulation and revision of the "Regulations on Port Planning and Management," the "Administrative Measures for the Approval and Administration of Port Shoreline Use," the "Administrative Measures for the Bidding and Tendering of Waterway Engineering Construction Projects," and the "Regulations on Ship Pilotage Management," as well as related rules and regulations. | x | ||||
| New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035) | 2021 | Deeply implement the national intellectual property strategy and encourage researchers to develop high-value core intellectual property achievements in the field of new energy vehicles. Strictly implement the intellectual property protection system and increase law enforcement efforts against infringement. Build an intellectual property operation service system for new energy vehicles, strengthen the construction of patent application and transformation platforms, and establish a patent operation model of mutual benefit, sharing, and win-win cooperation. | |||||
| Outline for the Development of Inland Waterway Transport | 2020 | Improve the legal and standard system. Study and promote the formulation of laws and regulations such as the Shipping Law, promote the revision of industry laws and regulations such as the Port Law and the Waterway Law in a timely manner, and further improve supporting laws, regulations and standards. | x | ||||
| Circular of the General Office of the State Council on Strengthening the Control of Overloading and Overloading of Vehicles | 2008 | Improve the legal and regulatory framework. Continuously summarize experiences and improve laws and regulations to guide governance work onto a path of institutionalization and standardization. The drafting and formulation of highway protection regulations shall be accelerated, striving for their promulgation as soon as possible. For overloaded and over-dimensioned vehicles that cause severe damage to bridges and highway facilities, relevant regulations shall be promptly studied and introduced to hold perpetrators accountable according to law. | x |
Transport access improvement - General
| Five-year action plan for deepening the implementation of a people-oriented new urbanization strategy | 2024 | Improve intercity commuting efficiency. Steadily promote the construction of metropolitan rail transit network. Make full use of trunk railways to provide intercity train services, give priority to the use of existing line network resources to operate suburban trains, orderly build urban suburban railways along the main corridors of commuter passenger flow, and promote small-scale and bus-like operations. Explore the extension of central city rail transit to surrounding towns, and encourage the use of direct access to major stations and other stop methods. Promote the "four-network integration" development of trunk railways, intercity railways, suburban railways, and urban rail transit to achieve "zero-distance" transfers and integrated services. | x | x | |||
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Development of Urban Integrated Transportation Systems | 2023 | Large and medium-sized cities with large populations and greater traffic pressures should focus on key tasks such as promoting the integration of urban and surrounding expressways, improving travel efficiency in urban commuter corridors, improving urban freight logistics channel networks, optimizing rail transit networks, and improving passenger flow efficiency. Optimize the hierarchical structure of the road network, improve the connectivity and accessibility of the road network, and achieve an average road network density of more than 8 kilometers per square kilometer in urban built-up areas. | x | x | |||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Improve the structure and function of the highway network. Improve the quality of the national expressway network, expand and renovate busy and congested sections of the main lines of national expressways, and accelerate the construction of parallel lines, connecting lines, and sections to be connected. Rationally guide the orderly development of local expressways. Effectively cover important ports, hubs, industrial parks, and tourist attractions, and strengthen the configuration of safety facilities. Promote the construction of hardened roads in natural villages (groups) with larger populations, promote the construction of two-lane roads in established villages and the widening and renovation of narrow rural roads according to local conditions, and strengthen the connection between rural roads and trunk roads and main roads in villages. Promote the construction of convenient facilities such as ferry-to-bridge conversion. Open up inter-provincial highway sections to be connected, strengthen the effective connection between trunk roads and urban roads, and promote the upgrading and reconstruction of trunk road transit sections and bottleneck sections in and out of cities in densely populated urban areas. Consolidate and expand the achievements of providing hardened roads to eligible townships and administrative villages, promote the extension of transport infrastructure projects to villages and households, and encourage the integrated development of rural roads with industrial parks, tourist attractions, and key villages for rural tourism. Coordinate the construction of national and provincial trunk roads and rural roads in border areas, comprehensively improve the main skeleton of national trunk roads, promote the construction of parallel lines of border roads and the quality improvement of low-grade roads, accelerate the construction of border roads, and form a clear-cut and rationally structured border road network as soon as possible. Improve the multi-level road transportation network. Reasonably increase the density of expressway channels, and plan and build metropolitan ring lines and urban bypass ring lines according to local conditions. Strengthen the construction of major land transport corridors facing Russia, Mongolia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, Central Asia and other key directions, and support Tibet in building an important corridor open to South Asia. Develop basic aviation services in remote areas and improve ferry conditions to facilitate daily travel for people in remote areas. Establish a modern, integrated transportation system for Hainan that ensures smooth intra-island connectivity, seamless land-island links, and global accessibility. Develop basic aviation services in remote areas and improve ferry conditions to facilitate daily travel for people in remote areas. | x | ||||
| Implementation Plan for New Urbanization in the 14th Five-Year Plan | 2022 | Coverage rate will reach 80% for 60 minutes travel from municipal and prefecture-level administrative centers to airports . | x | x | |||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Highways | 2021 | Guided by the goal of building a modern, high-quality, integrated, three-dimensional transportation network, we will strengthen the integration of highways with other modes of transportation and coordinate the development of expressway networks, trunk routes, and basic networks. Focusing on border and coastal highways, trunk routes from Xinjiang to Tibet, the New Western Land-Sea Corridor, and highways in revolutionary base areas, we will strive to enhance corridor capacity, optimize the road network structure, expand coverage, and comprehensively improve the supply capacity and quality of highway infrastructure. Continue advancing the expansion and upgrading of busy corridors on the national expressway network. Promote the capacity expansion and upgrading of national expressway sections that were built earlier, have lower technical standards, and experience heavy traffic. Reasonably select construction plans, and encourage eligible sections to prioritize in-place expansion schemes to efficiently utilize existing corridors and land resources. Optimize corridor capacity allocation and improve the operational efficiency and service level of the national expressway network. Actively improve the rapid network of urban agglomerations and metropolitan areas. Adapting to the requirements of urban spatial expansion, orderly advance the construction and renovation of ring roads around megacities and core cities in urban agglomerations, urban entrance and exit sections, and interchanges, to support the integrated development of metropolitan areas. Steadily advance the construction of major strategic corridors. Focusing on major urban agglomerations, we will prioritize coordination and complementarity with expressways and comprehensively promote the construction of ordinary national highways serving as intercity corridors. To meet the requirements of national land space planning and the need to expand urban functions, we will adopt appropriate methods to advance the renovation of urban transit sections and entrance and exit sections, flexibly adopting technical standards to optimize the connection between trunk highways and urban roads. Promote the extension and connectivity of basic networks. Build a universal and equitable rural road infrastructure network, encourage transportation construction projects to be more accessible to villages and households, and promote the construction of hardened roads to natural villages (groups) with larger populations and natural villages bordering border areas, tailored to local conditions, to further enhance the accessibility of rural roads. Promote the construction of two-lane roads connecting established villages and the widening and renovation of overly narrow rural roads in an orderly manner. Strengthen the connection between village roads and village roads, coordinate the planning and implementation of rural road sections through villages, flexibly select technical standards, and take into account the function of village arterial roads. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Water Transport | 2021 | Improve the level of connection between collection and distribution roads. Continue to promote the construction of collection and distribution roads in major ports and important port areas, and basically achieve the connection of important port areas with conditions to Class II and above roads. For important port areas that are subject to greater constraints from urban traffic, encourage the construction of a collection and distribution road system that separates passengers and cargo. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Improve the quality of the national highway network. Promote the connection and upgrading of bottleneck sections of ordinary national and provincial roads. Promote the integration of urban agglomeration and metropolitan area transportation, and build a highway ring system. Accelerate the construction of border roads, continue to promote the construction of "four good rural roads", and improve road safety facilities. Accelerate the construction of parallel lines and connecting lines of national expressways main lines, and promote the construction of Xiong'an New Area expressways such as Beijing-Xiongan. Strengthen the connection between villages and groups and the construction of roads within villages. | x | x | |||
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | Strengthen the efficient connection between regional highways around cities and urban roads, systematically optimize the road network in and out of the city, promote the overall planning and construction and management coordination, and reduce the fragmentation and interference of the city. Promote the optimization of urban road network structure and form a road network system with reasonable hierarchy and smooth access. Build a convenient and efficient inter-city transportation network, accelerate the networking of urban clusters rail transit, improve the expressway network of urban clusters, strengthen the smooth connection between roads and rails in urban border areas, and basically realize a 2-hour transportation circle within the urban clusters. Optimize and adjust the transportation structure, promote the construction of multimodal logistics parks and dedicated railway lines, and form a medium- and long-distance transportation pattern for bulk goods and containers based on railways and water transportation | x | x | |||
| Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Nation | 2019 | Improve the expressway network in urban clusters and strengthen the connection between highways and urban roads. Improve the urban road network with reasonable grading and structure of expressways, primary and secondary trunk roads, and branch roads, improve road microcirculation, and improve road accessibility. | x |
Transport asset condition assessment
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Basically achieve full coverage of the annual automated inspection of the technical conditions of rural roads with inspection conditions. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation | 2022 | Infrastructure maintenance and renovation technology. Promote the construction of a scientific observation network for the long-term performance of transportation infrastructure, and carry out basic theoretical research on the laws of performance evolution over the entire life cycle of infrastructure. Conquer technologies such as intelligent perception of infrastructure service status, real-time monitoring and evaluation, structural non-destructive testing, service performance improvement and life extension, and strive to break through key technologies for improving engineering durability. | |||||
| Outline of the Medium- and Long-Term Development Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation (2021-2035) | 2022 | Carry out long-term performance observation research on transportation infrastructure. Build a scientific observation network for long-term performance of transportation infrastructure, conduct observation and analysis of the operating status of typical infrastructure, study the evolution laws of long-term performance of structures and materials, and provide theoretical and data support for engineering structure safety assurance, design standard improvement, and scientific maintenance decision-making. | |||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Highways | 2021 | Strengthen highway technical condition monitoring and evaluation. Improve the national and provincial highway technical condition monitoring system and strengthen the monitoring mechanism. Develop a road network technical condition monitoring plan and conduct regular annual national highway network technical condition monitoring. Research and formulate technical condition assessment methods applicable to rural roads and conduct technical condition reviews of rural roads. Promote the construction of a long-term scientific observation network for infrastructure performance, and carry out basic theoretical research on infrastructure design and construction. | x | ||||
| Digital Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2021 | Implement dynamic monitoring, automatic data collection, analysis and evaluation of the structure, performance and operation status of national long highway bridges, tunnels, important ports and terminals, important navigation buildings and other infrastructure. Promote the sharing, coordinated control and hierarchical management of important infrastructure risks, improve the level of intelligent control of engineering quality and safety risks, carry out long-term performance observation of infrastructure, and strengthen the analysis of infrastructure operation status, operation rules and service performance. | x | x | x | ||
| Outline for the Development of Inland Waterway Transport | 2020 | Develop monitoring and early warning technologies for maintaining and improving the service performance of infrastructure. | x | ||||
| Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Nation | 2019 | Strengthen the quality management of carriers and ensure the safety of transportation equipment. |
Transport asset management - General
| Action Plan for Improving Transportation Standards (2024-2027) | 2024 | Promote the construction of a standard system for the application of artificial intelligence in the transportation industry. Strengthen the development of standards for intelligent construction, testing, monitoring, and early warning in the construction and operation of transportation infrastructure such as roads, major bridges, tunnels, and port and navigation facilities. | x | x | |||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Strengthen the management of state-owned assets, establish and improve the asset management system for public infrastructure in transportation, strengthen the full life cycle management of state-owned assets in administrative and public institutions, and continuously improve the efficiency and benefits of asset use. Build a modern engineering construction management system, improve the level of engineering safety management, promote the construction of safe and century-old quality projects, promote high-quality construction and meticulous management, strengthen quality and safety supervision, and carry out standardized construction and standardized management. | |||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Study and establish a classification and grading system for tunnels and bridges. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Strengthen the safety environment improvement along the railway, consolidate the full-chain management of civil aviation operation safety, strengthen the safety management of urban rail transit operation protection areas, and strengthen the safety supervision and emergency management of delivery channels. | x | x | x | x | |
| New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035) | 2021 | Coordinated advancement. Improve the coordination mechanism of horizontal collaboration and vertical integration, promote the deep integration of new energy vehicles with energy, transportation, and information and communication. | |||||
| Highway Safety Protection Act | 2010 | Highway management agencies shall establish and improve highway management archives, investigate, verify and register highways, highway land and highway ancillary facilities. | x |
Transport asset management funding strategy
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Highways | 2021 | Strengthen maintenance funding guarantees. Guide local governments to increase investment in road maintenance and management, and establish a dynamic adjustment mechanism tied to factors such as changes in mileage and maintenance costs. Implement the requirements of the "Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Deepening the Reform of the Rural Road Management and Maintenance System" (Guobanfa [2019] No. 45), and strictly enforce the relevant provisions on the use of transfer payments from the refined oil consumption tax reform for road maintenance. Include rural road maintenance funds, operating expenses, and personnel expenses of management agencies in the general public budget. Promote the inclusion of rural road management and maintenance work in the performance evaluation of local governments at all levels, establish and improve incentive and constraint mechanisms, and link evaluation results with subsidy funds. Strengthen operating funding guarantees. Guide local governments to effectively utilize central government subsidies for rural passenger transport to ensure the sustained and stable operation of rural passenger transport. Promote the implementation of the primary responsibility of county-level people's governments, establish a government procurement service or operation subsidy system, and promote the inclusion of rural passenger transport operation subsidy funds in the general public budget. Promote the inclusion of rural passenger transport development work in the performance evaluation of local governments at all levels. Establish and improve a mechanism linking rural passenger transport service quality assessment with fiscal subsidies, and guide operators to continuously improve safety management and services. Vehicle purchase tax (VPT) expenditures will be primarily allocated to projects under the central and shared fiscal authority, such as national expressways, ordinary national highways, and cross-border river bridges (and tunnels). The Ministry of Transport will establish a national project pool and provide funding on a project-by-project basis. For projects under local fiscal authority—such as provincial highways and rural roads—VPT will support them through a “reward instead of subsidy” approach. | x | ||||
| Deepening Rural Roads Opinions on management and maintenance system reform | 2019 | In accordance with the requirement of "roads must be maintained and maintenance must be in place", rural road maintenance funds and management agency operating expenses and personnel expenditures should be included in the general public fiscal budget, and efforts should be made to increase capacity building for performance of duties and investment in management and maintenance. | x |
Transport asset management information system
| Guidelines for the Scientific Planning and Construction of High-Power Charging Infrastructure | 2025 | All high-power charging facilities should be connected to the government monitoring service platform. | |||||
| Action plan to promote large-scale equipment renewals and consumer product trade-ins | 2024 | Optimize car purchase restrictions according to local conditions and promote the development of information interaction system for the management of the entire life cycle of automotive use. | x | ||||
| Guiding Opinions on the Construction of Smart Ports | 2024 | Visualization of port operations management. Digital technology is used to enhance the ability to perceive dynamic port operations. This system aggregates information on infrastructure, logistics operations, customs clearance, and other aspects to create a comprehensive data resource repository for all port elements. This system monitors key port operational indicators in real time, visualizes daily port operations, and analyzes and handles port incidents, achieving a comprehensive, one-stop overview of port operations management. | x | ||||
| Implementation Plan for Innovative Application of General Aviation Equipment (2024-2030) | 2024 | Encourage enterprises to build a flight service system integrating intelligent dispatching, dynamic monitoring, and real-time intelligence services. | x | ||||
| Notice on Supporting and Guiding the Digital Transformation and Upgrading of Road and Waterway Transportation Infrastructure | 2024 | Promote infrastructure safety and efficiency. Focusing on improving industry management, digitally transform the safety monitoring, operation control, and emergency command and dispatch systems of channel infrastructure. Promote the construction of digital management and maintenance systems, operation monitoring and early warning platforms, digital overload control and large-scale transportation full-chain supervision systems, and emergency command and dispatch systems. | |||||
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Development of Urban Integrated Transportation Systems | 2023 | Establish an urban transportation infrastructure monitoring platform. Explore the construction of a monitoring platform that integrates data on urban roads, rail transit, charging stations, parking facilities, and other facilities, as well as urban commuting and transit-oriented development (TOD) models. Promote the interconnection and sharing of various data resources, and enhance the digitalization, standardization, and intelligence of urban transportation infrastructure construction and operation. Promote the deep integration of the urban transportation infrastructure monitoring platform with the urban operation management service platform and the City Information Model (CIM) basic platform. Improve the evaluation function of the urban transportation infrastructure monitoring platform, and actively leverage the monitoring and evaluation results to assist in decision-making in the construction, operation, and management of urban transportation infrastructure. | x | x | x | ||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Based on the National Road Transport Regulatory Information System, strengthen data sharing, integration, and quality improvement across information systems related to the networked monitoring of key operational vehicles and the safety supervision of road transport of hazardous goods. Accelerate the promotion and application of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System in the transport service sector, revise departmental regulations on dynamic supervision of road transport vehicles, and promote technological upgrading and transformation. Strengthen the analysis and application of dynamic monitoring data of key operating vehicles. Strengthen the monitoring and early warning of the entire process and the entire network of dangerous goods transportation. Promote the coordinated supervision of road transport safety, and promote information sharing in the transportation administration system, highway toll management system, and public security supervision system. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation | 2022 | Develop technologies for the transmission and networking of transport infrastructure condition information, transport-specific public digital maps, and efficient and secure cloud/edge collaborative control, in order to build a high-precision public geographic information platform for transportation. Develop digital software for transport infrastructure by making breakthroughs in software system architecture, logical functional architecture, and unified coding standards. Promote the research and development of intelligent design technologies for transport infrastructure, and advance the application of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to enhance the traceability and monitorability of infrastructure performance parameters. Establish a capability system for observing and researching the long-term service performance of infrastructure, deploy a long-term performance scientific observation network based on infrastructure such as roads, bridges, tunnels, ports, waterways, navigation buildings and rail transit, and through long-term scientific observations and big data analysis, build a basic theoretical system for infrastructure performance evaluation and design with my country's climate, environment, hydrology and geology characteristics. Develop intelligent sensing monitoring equipment for the long-term service performance of transportation infrastructure, and provide basic data and R&D support for the improvement of technical standards such as engineering structure safety and design, and scientific decision-making on maintenance. | |||||
| "14th Five-Year" National Road Traffic Safety Plan | 2022 | Give full play to the role of information technology such as highway entrances and exits, provincial boundary video surveillance, and key operating vehicle networking and joint control systems, and strengthen the supervision and management of long-distance cross-provincial heavy-cargo transport. Further strengthen the road traffic safety monitoring and control network by connecting road traffic surveillance equipment to the network in accordance with standards. By 2023, the application rate of the monitoring and control system on expressways and ordinary national and provincial roads should reach 50% and 45%, respectively; by 2025, the rates should reach 95% and 80%, respectively. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Build a transportation infrastructure structural health monitoring system, implement key information infrastructure protection construction and transformation projects, build a network security risk monitoring and situation awareness platform, and carry out operation monitoring of major transportation infrastructure on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. | |||||
| National Highway Network Plan | 2022 | Promote the digital transformation of all elements and the entire cycle of national highways, realize the integrated management of data resources, strengthen the dynamic collection, update and sharing of data, promote the synchronous planning and construction of building information models and road network perception networks, and incorporate the information collection infrastructure into the unified planning and construction of highway projects. | x | ||||
| Outline of the Medium- and Long-Term Development Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation (2021-2035) | 2022 | Focusing on the performance improvement of in-service infrastructure, breakthroughs in technologies such as intelligent health monitoring, accurate performance perception, and autonomous risk warning throughout the life cycle of infrastructure will be made. Research and development of technologies and equipment for intelligent detection, digital diagnosis, standardized evaluation, and rapid disposal of infrastructure will be carried out. A smart management and maintenance system for transportation infrastructure based on building information modeling (BIM) and Beidou will be developed. A basic information big data platform will be established to comprehensively promote preventive maintenance technology. | |||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Highways | 2021 | Strengthen the foundation for maintenance and management. Comprehensively integrate basic information data on highway facilities, technical conditions, maintenance history, and operating environment data to consolidate the data resource foundation for maintenance and management. Strengthen the collection and updating of dynamic data, deepen the research and analysis of basic data, and provide effective support for maintenance and management. Improve the informatization level in road maintenance management. Deepen the development of a comprehensive maintenance management system for the national highway network, promote the integration of provincial highway maintenance management information resources, explore intelligent applications for highway maintenance management, and leverage big data and cloud computing technologies to enhance highway maintenance management capabilities. We will strive to build a 24/7 "Highway Network Operation Command and Dispatch Center," strengthen coordinated operations and dispatch, enhance the smooth operation of the road network, strengthen risk management and incident handling, and enhance emergency response capabilities. We will promote the development of "digital road administration," improve the effectiveness of permit enforcement, deepen the regularization and institutionalization of joint enforcement for overweight vehicle control, promote strict, standardized, fair, and civilized law enforcement, strengthen technology-based and credit-based overweight vehicle control, and effectively curb illegal overloading and overweight vehicle behavior. Deepen the concept of the entire life cycle, promote standardized design of components and parts, apply building information modeling technology, promote the implementation of intelligent manufacturing, and realize intelligent management. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Water Transport | 2021 | Build a new generation of automated terminals, applying cloud computing, big data, blockchain, artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and other technologies to integrate port, shipping, and trade data to create a "smart brain" for the port. Promote the application of BIM+GIS technology in all stages of port planning, design, construction, and maintenance, and promote digital management throughout the entire life cycle. Comprehensively advance the development of digital waterways. Focusing on high-grade waterways, strengthen waterway infrastructure information collection capabilities and promote the full-element, full-cycle digitization of waterways, navigation marks, and regulatory structures. | x | ||||
| Digital Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2021 | Digital perception of transportation facilities. New transportation infrastructure has taken new steps, the coverage of traffic perception networks at important nodes has been greatly improved, and the digitalization of all elements and the entire cycle of the infrastructure of the main skeleton of the national comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network has been comprehensively promoted. The compliance rate of graded protection has been greatly improved, the industry network trust system has been initially established, the security level of key information infrastructure and key data resources has been effectively improved, the ability to protect security and maintain political security has been significantly enhanced, and a comprehensive industry network security prevention system with active protection and in-depth defense has been basically established. | |||||
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | Accelerate the independent innovation and application of building information modeling technology in various fields. | |||||
| 14th Five Year Plan for the Construction of Modern Logistics System | 2020 | Expand the functions of logistics information platforms, optimize the supply and demand docking of dispersed logistics resources such as vehicles, ships and warehouses, and improve the level of logistics scale organization. Build a national logistics hub operation platform, integrate logistics services such as storage, transportation, warehousing and distribution, and innovate integrated logistics organization models. Build a supply chain service platform to provide comprehensive services such as information and logistics. Improve the emergency logistics operation guarantee mechanism, guide the establishment of an emergency logistics big data platform, promote data sharing with the emergency management information platform, improve functions such as information collection, dynamic monitoring, data analysis, risk warning, and information release, focus on strengthening research and assessment of the risks of large-scale logistics disruptions, and improve emergency logistics organization capabilities. | x | x | |||
| About accelerating the transformation and upgrading of the road freight industry | 2019 | Vigorously promote new road freight business models such as non-truck operating carriers, and support road freight enterprises in strengthening information system development to enhance integrated online and offline service capabilities. Strengthen dynamic operation monitoring. Use big data and other information technology to improve the ability to monitor and analyze the operation of the road freight market. Guide industry associations, scientific research institutions, etc. to strengthen market operation monitoring, regularly announce information such as the supply and demand status of the road freight market to the public, and timely guide and reasonably regulate market capacity to achieve a basic balance between supply and demand. | x | ||||
| Financial Subsidy Policy for the Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles (2018) | 2018 | Accelerate the improvement of the information-based supervision platform. The competent departments at all levels of the industry will take the lead in building a new energy vehicle supervision platform with three levels of enterprise, local and national networking as soon as possible and make it play its role, dynamically grasp the vehicle production, sales, operation, and charging facility operation, and combine the existing management methods to achieve full coverage of production access, catalog review, subsidy issuance, safe operation, operating mileage and other links. | x |
Transport asset management technology
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | The application rate of the BeiDou Navigation System in key areas: greater than 95%. (Refers to key operating vehicles, postal express self-owned trunk transport vehicles, passenger ships and dangerous goods ships that should be equipped with satellite positioning function shipboard equipment, etc.)(Refers to key operating vehicles, postal express self-owned trunk transport vehicles, passenger ships and dangerous goods ships that should be equipped with satellite positioning function shipboard equipment, etc.) | x | x |
Transport demand management - General
| Opinions on promoting high-quality development of inland waterway transportation | 2025 | Strengthen the release of market capacity and freight rate information, research and establish a market supply and demand early warning mechanism, and rationally guide the orderly deployment of ship capacity based on market demand. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Strengthen traffic demand management, guide the rational use of cars, and standardize static traffic order. Accelerate the improvement of slow traffic systems, increase the proportion of urban walking and non-motorized vehicle travel, and build bicycle lanes according to local conditions. | x | ||||
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | By 2025, the structure of passenger and freight transportation has become more reasonable, the efficiency of transportation organization has been further improved, and a green travel system has been initially formed; | |||||
| Voluntary National Review 2021 - CHN | 2021 | High-quality public mobility needs are met. Passenger transportation has become more specialized, capable of providing personalized services, and become better structured, with medium and long-distance passenger flow gradually shifting from roads to high-speed rail and flights. | x | x | x |
Transport finance - General
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Integrated Development of Transportation and Energy | 2025 | Vigorously develop emerging industries such as battery asset management and new energy transportation equipment financing and leasing. Increase support for financial factors. Give full play to the guiding and driving role of central funds, make good use of various funding channels such as local government special bonds, green credit, green bonds, green funds, scientific and technological innovation and technological transformation re-loans, and implement tax incentives for new energy, clean energy vehicles and ships, and charging (swapping) stations. Encourage new energy vehicles and other vehicles to participate in electricity market transactions and green electricity certificate transactions through aggregation. | |||||
| Implementation details of subsidies for new energy city buses and power battery renewal in 2025 | 2025 | By using the funds from ultra-long-term special government bonds, urban bus companies will be given a fixed subsidy for updating new energy city buses and replacing power batteries. | x | x | |||
| Opinions on promoting high-quality development of inland waterway transportation | 2025 | Encourage local governments to innovate comprehensive waterway development models, actively expand investment and financing channels, deepen the use of electricity to promote navigation, and actively attract social capital to participate in investment and operation. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Large-Scale Equipment Renewal in Transportation | 2024 | Full financial and insurance support. Increase financial support, give play to the incentive role of re-lending policy tools for scientific and technological innovation and technological transformation, and guide financial institutions to strengthen support for transportation technology transformation and equipment renewal. Encourage banking and insurance institutions to provide diversified financial services, improve financing convenience and insurance protection level. | |||||
| Action Plan for Reducing Costs, Improving Quality and Increasing Efficiency of Transportation and Logistics | 2024 | Increase financial policy support. Give full play to the role of the unified registration and publicity system for movable property financing and the national financing credit service platform, and guide various financial institutions to increase financing support for transportation and logistics companies. Encourage financial institutions to enrich financial products and services in the field of transportation and logistics, and carry out movable property pledge loan business such as accounts receivable and order warehouse receipts. | |||||
| Action Plan to Effectively Reduce Logistics Costs in the Whole Society | 2024 | Banking institutions are encouraged to provide financial services for the supply chain of commodities in key areas in accordance with the law. Through existing funding channels, start supporting the construction of pilot cities for modern commercial circulation systems. | |||||
| Action plan to promote large-scale equipment renewals and consumer product trade-ins | 2024 | Banking institutions are encouraged to appropriately reduce the down payment ratio of passenger car loans and reasonably determine the car loan term and credit limit, on the premise of compliance with laws and regulations and controllable risks. | x | ||||
| Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Integration of Passenger, Freight and Postal Services in Rural Areas | 2024 | It is encouraged to use relevant financial products of various financial institutions to provide financing services for the integrated development of passenger, freight and postal services in rural areas. | |||||
| Implementation Plan for Innovative Application of General Aviation Equipment (2024-2030) | 2024 | Explore new models of science and technology financial cooperation in the general aviation equipment industry. Give full play to the policy advantages of science and technology innovation re-loans, and encourage financial institutions to increase support for general aviation manufacturing enterprises that meet policy requirements. Implement the "science and technology industry financial integration" project, give full play to the role of the national industry-finance cooperation platform, make full use of financial means such as venture capital, and strengthen financing support for technology research and development in the general aviation equipment industry. Promote the establishment of a general aviation equipment leasing company with diversified equity, and encourage insurance companies to innovate products and services for the entire industry chain of "research, production, sales and use" of general aviation equipment. | x | ||||
| China's Rural Roads in the New Era | 2024 | Increased financial support from governments at all levels. Government funding plays a crucial role in the construction and maintenance of rural roads. The central government has allocated funds through various channels, including the vehicle purchase tax revenue, central budgetary investment, and transfer payments from the reform of taxes and fees related to refined oil products. Provincial, municipal, and county governments have also increased their financial support to rural road development. Local governments have incorporated the operating expenses and basic personnel costs of rural road management agencies into their general public budgets and have prioritized rural road development in their general bond issuance plans. Expanding financing channels through diverse market-based methods. China has fully leveraged the critical role of market-based financing mechanisms in rural road development and actively expanded financing channels. In line with local conditions, all localities have developed innovative "rural road plus" investment and financing models by integrating rural roads with commercial projects in relation to industries, industrial parks, rural tourism, and other economic activities (see Panel 5). To support rural road maintenance, the government has incorporated road management and maintenance in the procurement services guidance catalog and explored mechanisms such as disaster insurance for rural roads. It has also encouraged various financial institutions to increase their support for eligible rural road construction projects within the bounds of laws and regulations. | x | ||||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Deepen the reform of fiscal powers and expenditure responsibilities between central and local governments in the transport sector, and continuously improve a management model for fiscal authority and spending responsibilities that aligns with the modern fiscal system and supports the acceleration of building a strong transportation nation. Stabilize the policy of special funds for transportation, study and build a new transportation tax and fee system that is compatible with the accelerated development of new energy vehicles, strengthen cooperation with financial institutions, and encourage social funds to participate in the development of transportation. Basically establish a funding guarantee and operation management system with "government-led, hierarchical responsibility, diversified financing, and controllable risks". Strengthen departmental information sharing, establish a supply chain credit database, provide credit evaluation and risk warning services, and standardize the development of supply chain finance based on real transactions. Actively carry out financial services for industrial chain and supply chain, and support small and medium-sized circulation enterprises in the supply chain to carry out order loans, warehouse receipt pledge loans and other businesses. | |||||
| Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the High-Quality Development of Modern Shipping Services | 2023 | Enhance the efficiency of shipping financial services. Rely on free trade ports and pilot free trade zones to improve offshore shipping financing and fund settlement capabilities. Promote the fast-track service model for financing leasing in free trade pilot zones such as Tianjin, and optimize the business environment for ship financing leasing. Actively develop a variety of shipping financing methods and vigorously support the development of the green and intelligent ship industry chain. Increase the efforts to cultivate freight index futures at the Shanghai Futures Exchange. Encourage the exploration and development of commodity derivatives related to green fuel for ships, gradually improve the system of shipping futures products, serve the risk management needs of shipping companies, and do a good job in risk prevention and control of shipping derivatives. Strengthen shipping insurance service guarantees. Guide the major insurance and reinsurance institutions to actively expand shipping insurance business, and innovatively provide new energy ship insurance, ship construction insurance and other products. Encourage my country's insurance institutions to gradually and appropriately increase their retained risk quotas, and continuously improve their underwriting capacity and international recognition of credit guarantees. Support shipping insurance institutions to strengthen the construction of global service networks, encourage overseas network collaboration with relevant Chinese institutions, and continuously improve overseas claims settlement, loss prevention and other service capabilities. Support foreign shipping insurance institutions to set up institutions in China to provide insurance services. Support the development of international shipping reinsurance business, gather domestic and foreign reinsurance institutions, and enhance the service level of shipping reinsurance. Further standardize the management of Chinese shipowners' mutual insurance organizations and support their deep integration into the international shipping insurance market system. | x | ||||
| Guiding Opinions on Further Building a High-Quality Charging Infrastructure System | 2023 | Promote social construction and operation. Promote the diversification of investment in charging infrastructure, guide various types of social capital to actively participate in construction and operation, and form a unified, open, competitive and orderly charging service market. | x | ||||
| Implementation Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Charging Infrastructure to Better Support the Deployment of New Energy Vehicles to Rural Areas and Rural Revitalization | 2023 | Utilize tools such as local government special bonds to support the construction of charging and swapping infrastructure at eligible highway and national and provincial trunk road service areas (stations), public bus and tram depots, and bus stations. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Innovate the government and social capital cooperation model, and guide and drive more social investment to participate in the construction of major projects in the field of transportation services. Research the establishment of a modern logistics development fund. | |||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Stabilize and improve the policy of special funds for transportation, continue to support the maintenance of transportation infrastructure through channels such as transfer payments for refined oil tax reform, and optimize and improve the funding policy to support the development of postal and water transportation. Improve the special bond system for toll roads. Support eligible project implementation entities to carry out market-oriented financing through the issuance of corporate bonds and other channels, steadily promote the pilot of real estate investment trust funds (REITs) in the field of infrastructure, standardize the development of government and social capital cooperation models, support development finance, policy finance, and social capital to participate in transportation infrastructure construction in accordance with laws and regulations, and encourage social capital to establish multimodal transport and other industrial investment funds. Fully implement the reform plan for the division of fiscal powers and expenditure responsibilities between the central and local governments in the field of transportation, optimize the debt structure, and prevent and resolve the hidden debt risks of local governments. Improve long-term funding channels that match the project funding needs and deadlines. | x | x | |||
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | Establish a green transportation development and construction investment mechanism guided by national and local government funds and dominated by corporate funds. Coordinate the use of existing central fiscal funding channels to guide green transportation development and increase local fiscal funding support at all levels. Actively strive for funding support from the National Green Development Fund, the National Low-Carbon Transformation Fund, and other funds, and promote research on green finance to support green development of transportation. | |||||
| Implementation Plan for New Urbanization in the 14th Five-Year Plan | 2022 | Operating companies such as airports and ports are encouraged to use capital as a link and adopt market-oriented methods such as joint investment and mutual shareholding to improve resource utilization efficiency and management service levels. | x | x | |||
| National Highway Network Plan | 2022 | Adhere to doing our best and acting within our capabilities, reasonably determine the scale and rhythm of construction, scientifically demonstrate the timing and standards of project construction, strengthen technical scheme comparison, reasonably control project costs, and steadily and orderly promote project construction. Establish and improve a debt risk monitoring mechanism for expressways, and urge and guide regions with heavy debt burdens to strictly control the scale of newly started projects. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year" Civil Aviation Development Plan | 2021 | Support the development of general aviation finance, insurance, and other businesses, encourage innovation in financial products tailored to the characteristics of general aviation, and encourage the banking and insurance industries to increase their support for the general aviation industry. Optimize general aviation subsidy policies and improve the efficiency of fund use. Actively explore the establishment of industrial investment funds to support industry innovation and development. Increase financial support for civil aviation infrastructure in underdeveloped regions, border areas, and revolutionary base areas, among other special areas. Strengthen support for new infrastructure, basic aviation services, air logistics, general aviation, and other areas. Strive for multi-channel funding to support civil aviation development and provide solid support for the implementation of the plan. Improve the safeguard mechanism for civil aviation financial policies and establish a comprehensive, full-process, and fully integrated budget performance management system. Improve airport franchise management policies and enhance airport operational quality. | x | ||||
| New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035) | 2021 | Encourage enterprises to make full use of domestic and foreign funds and establish an international consumer credit system. | |||||
| Opinions on Strengthening the Protection of Truck Drivers' Rights and Interests | 2021 | Standardize the management of automative financial products, guide financial institutions to strengthen pre-loan review, and reasonably determine the specific proportion of auto loans based on prudent assessment of borrowers' credit status and repayment ability. | x | ||||
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | Innovate investment and financing policies, and improve long-term funding channels that match project funding needs and deadlines. Build an investment mechanism for sustainable development of benefit growth and risk prevention and control, and prevent and resolve debt risks. Further adjust and improve funding policies to support the development of postal and water transport. Support various financial institutions to provide financing for market-oriented transportation development in accordance with the law and guide social capital to actively participate in transportation infrastructure construction. | x | ||||
| Promote the development of multimodal transport, optimize and adjust the transport structure Work Program (2021-2025) | 2021 | Coordinate the use of vehicle purchase tax funds, central budget investment and other channels to increase support for the development of multimodal transport and the adjustment of transport structure. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Plan for the Construction of Modern Logistics System | 2020 | Coordinate the use of various funds to actively support the construction of circulation infrastructure, and include eligible projects in the scope of local government bond support. Support eligible projects to carry out pilot projects of real estate investment trusts (REITs) in the infrastructure field. Promote eligible circulation enterprises to raise funds through listing, bond issuance, corporate mergers and acquisitions, etc. | |||||
| Action Plan for Green Mobility | 2020 | Local transportation authorities at all levels should actively coordinate with financial departments to provide necessary financial support for the creation action in accordance with the "Overall Plan for the Green Life Creation Action". Strengthen the guiding role of financial funds in green travel, coordinate the use of existing funding channels, encourage local governments to arrange funds, and increase support for the green travel creation action. | x | x | |||
| Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Nation | 2019 | Strengthen financial support. Deepen the reform of transportation investment and financing, enhance sustainable development capabilities, and improve the government-led, hierarchical, diversified financing, and risk-controlled financial support and operation management system. Establish and improve the central and local fiscal input guarantee system, encourage the use of diversified market financing methods to broaden financing channels, actively guide social capital to participate in the construction of a strong transportation country, and strengthen the construction of risk prevention and control mechanisms. |
Transport infrastructure modification to reduce climate risks
| China's Policies and Actions Addressing Climate Change 2024 Annual Report | 2024 | Infrastructure and major projects in China have become more adaptive to climate change. Pilot projects aimed at enhancing the resilience of transport infrastructure and related key technologies have been implemented. Research has also been conducted to improve climate-adaptive standards for water transport projects. Additionally, optimization and upgrades have been carried out on 110 road sections frequently impacted by severe weather. As a result, traffic accidents caused by such weather on these sections have decreased by 54% year-on-year. | x | ||||
| National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy 2035 | 2022 | Promote climate-resilient construction of infrastructure and major engineering projects. We need to strengthen the construction of resilient transportation infrastructure by effectively integrating greenhouse-gas emissions controls and climate change adaptation requirements into the transportation infrastructure construction process. |
Transport institutional reform
| Opinions on promoting high-quality development of inland waterway transportation | 2025 | Build a unified and open market. Regulate the charging behavior of enterprises in accordance with the law to prevent unreasonable charges caused by the abuse of market advantages. Clean up various regulations and practices that hinder the development of a unified inland waterway shipping market and fair competition, and promote the free flow and equal use of factors. Establish and improve a new regulatory mechanism based on credit, strengthen the use of credit results, and implement the "double random, one public" regulatory system. Build an efficient maritime regulatory system and further promote the integration of maritime supervision and service guarantee. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Reducing Costs, Improving Quality and Increasing Efficiency of Transportation and Logistics | 2024 | Continue to deepen reforms in key areas. Deepen the reform of the comprehensive transportation system, promote railway system reform, and promote market-oriented reform of railway freight. Establish and improve the coordination mechanism between the local railway network and the national railway network, and optimize the railway connection, crossing and clearing management rules. Increase support for air cargo airspace time resources. Optimize the air cargo security inspection process and innovate the assembly model. Actively develop commercial applications such as drone delivery. Coordinate the development of non-toll roads that reflect the government's universal service, mainly ordinary roads, and toll roads that mainly expressways. Deepen the implementation of differentiated toll collection on expressways. | |||||
| Action Plan to Effectively Reduce Logistics Costs in the Whole Society | 2024 | Promote comprehensive supporting reforms for the transformation of railway logistics. Research and formulate railway connection management methods and cross-rail transportation supervision methods to promote the convenience of cross-rail transportation and realize direct transportation between national and local railways. | x | ||||
| Action plan to promote large-scale equipment renewals and consumer product trade-ins | 2024 | Continue to optimize the registration and management of second-hand vehicles transactions to promote convenient transactions. | x | ||||
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Construction of International Aviation Hubs | 2024 | Allocate resources around hub operators to build hubs. We need to innovate the strategic coordination mechanism between aviation hubs and hub operators, prioritize hub resources towards hub operators, and build an incentive assessment mechanism that not only gives hub operators status and policy resource priority, but also gives them corresponding responsibilities and obligations, forming a long-term mechanism for the organic binding of hub airports and hub operators, and creating a community of shared destiny between aviation hubs and hub operators. | x | ||||
| Notice on Supporting and Guiding the Digital Transformation and Upgrading of Road and Waterway Transportation Infrastructure | 2024 | Promote institutional and mechanism innovation. Focusing on the release of data value, improve the coordinated management and service mechanism of transportation, public security, meteorology, emergency, data, natural resources and other departments, and improve the digital management mechanism of highway and waterway projects throughout their life cycle. Improve the standard and specification system, and strengthen the cross-regional integration of standards for various types of transportation network infrastructure. Explore the establishment of operating mechanisms such as data classification, grading, confirmation of rights, authorized use, and market-oriented circulation, and promote collaborative innovation in data technology products, application paradigms, business models, and institutional mechanisms. | x | x | |||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Promote the standardized, healthy and sustainable development of new forms of transportation. Give full play to the role of the inter-ministerial joint conference mechanism for coordinated supervision of new forms of transportation, improve the management system and standard system of new forms of transportation, and enhance the level of normalized supervision of new forms of transportation. Give full play to the role of the inter-ministerial joint conference system for promoting high-quality development of the road freight industry, and promote the transformation, upgrading and high-quality development of the road freight industry. Establish a engineering management mechanism for key core technology breakthrough projects for transportation equipment, and carry out about 10 breakthrough tasks in total. Promote international transport facilitation. Give full play to the role of the National Transport Facilitation Committee mechanism, promote the implementation of the reform of the central fiscal authority for automobile entry and exit transportation at border ports, and improve the supporting policies and supporting system. Further strengthen the development of Party committees (leading Party groups) and organizational and personnel departments, upholding 'absolute political reliability and absolute loyalty to the Party' as the primary requirement, and highlighting fairness and integrity as the core values of organizational and personnel work. Improve institutional systems, refine a fully integrated and coordinated work mechanism across the entire process, and enhance the policy relevance, scientific foundation, and professionalism of organizational and personnel efforts. Strengthen the capacity and competence of organizational and personnel cadres. Strengthen comprehensive regulation of the transport sector. Further deepen the reform of comprehensive administrative law enforcement in transport, improve supporting policies and systems for the reform, establish sound mechanisms for law enforcement operations, standardize enforcement practices, strengthen oversight and accountability, and effectively enhance the capacity and quality of administrative law enforcement in transport. Continue to advance the reform of the integrated transport governance system, improving institutional frameworks aligned with the development needs of a unified and coordinated transport sector. Strengthen and refine the working mechanisms of the Ministry's Leading Group for Comprehensive Reform, and strategically plan and promote a new round of reforms in key areas and crucial aspects of transport. Effectively implement the reform tasks outlined in the Party and state institutional restructuring plan as they relate to the Ministry. Formulate policy documents to deepen the reform of the transport system and establish a unified and open transport market, and promote the accelerated development of a high-standard transport market system that is unified and open, competitive and well-regulated, institutionally sound, and well-governed. Regulate the order of the highway and waterway construction market, strengthen the rectification of issues such as collusive bidding, false bidding, arbitrary design changes and cost increases, subcontracting, and illegal subcontracting. Clean up a batch of policy documents and management regulations issued by construction entities that hinder a unified market and fair competition. Give full play to the internal audit supervision function, deepen the implementation of the long-term mechanism for audit rectification, and establish and improve the internal audit supervision system of "focusing on the center, serving development, supervising according to law, and covering comprehensively". Deepen the reform of the budget management system, fully implement budget performance management, and accelerate the establishment of a budget management system that is "comprehensively standardized, transparent, scientifically standardized, and binding". Deepen the construction of basic skills at the grassroots level of financial auditing, and basically establish an internal control system with "consistent rights and responsibilities, scientific decision-making, effective checks and balances, resolute execution, and strong supervision". Deepen the pilot system for building a strong transportation country, and encourage pilot work in deepening reform, innovation-driven, open cooperation, and areas not covered by existing pilots. Promote the divisions within the ministry to carry out pilot work, promote special pilot work such as postal services, low-carbon transportation, and highway maintenance, and complete the acceptance and evaluation of the first three batches of pilots. Do a good job in promoting the results of the pilot and encouraging and commending them. Further simplify and cancel administrative approval procedures in the circulation field, explore the establishment of an inclusive and prudent supervision system for new circulation formats and models, and promote the construction of a credit system in the circulation field. | x | ||||
| Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the High-Quality Development of Modern Shipping Services | 2023 | Expand and strengthen China's ship trading market, support Shanghai in steadily and orderly advancing the institutional reform of the Shanghai Shipping Exchange. Encourage ship trading institutions to innovate ship trading models, and attract domestic and foreign ships to enter the market for trading. | x | x | |||
| The People's Republicof China Fourth National Communication on Climate Change | 2023 | The Chinese government is well aware of the importance of institutional arrangements for addressing climate change. It has built relevant institutional frameworks at national, local and sectoral levels and continuously improved them. It has also established standingexpert and technical support teams to support the preparation of national communicationsand biennial update reports. National Institutions: To practically strengthen the leadership for addressing climate change and energyconservation and emission reduction, the Chinese government set up the National LeadingGroup on Climate Change, Energy Conservation and Emissions Reduction (hereinafter referred to as the Leading Group) in June 2007, as a national cross-department coordination organization. The main tasks of the Leading Group are: to develop national major strategies, policies and countermeasures on climate change, make overall arrangements on the work of climate change, study and review international cooperationand negotiation counterproposals and coordinate in solving major problems foundinthework on climate change; organize the implementation of the policies of the State Council on energy conservation and emission reduction, make overall arrangements of energyconservation and emission reduction work, study and review major policy suggestions, and coordinate in solving major problems in the work. The concrete work of the LeadingGroup is done by China's National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC). Local and Sectoral Institutions: Member units of the Leading Group, as governmental authorities in respective industries, have appointed leaders and major responsible departments and bureaus for addressingclimate change, meanwhile strengthening the guidance to respective industry associations. Under the guidance of the central government of China, the provincial, autonomous regionand municipal governments have in succession established Provincial Leading Groups onClimate Change, which are chaired by their top leaders and participated in by relevant departments and serve as the cross-departments, comprehensive deliberationandcoordination bodies in climate change. After 2008, many provinces started to set updivisions and offices under the departments of addressing climate change as theadministrative body of provincial-level competent department on climate change; meanwhile, local scientific research institutes on climate change have been strengthened, so have their science and technology support capacity to the local government'sdecision-making on climate change. National Communications and Biennial Update Reports: The tasks on preparing and submitting National Communications and Biennial UpdateReports, including the National GHG Inventories, gradually further. Since the Initial National Communication on Climate Change, the Chinese government has preliminarilyestablished a national system for the task and formed a relatively stable teamfor thepreparation of National Communications on Climate Change and Biennial Update Reports(Table 1-5) as well as a regular team for the preparation of the National GHGInventoriesAccording to the work divisions for climate change response, the national competent department is responsible for the preparation of National GHGInventories, while the relevant governmental authorities provide basic data and information, collect materials from relevant trade associations and typical enterprises, and establish databasetosupport the inventory preparation and data management. Upon completion, National Communications on Climate Change and Biennial UpdateReports are reviewed and approved by the State Council before being submittedtotheSecretariat of the UNFCCC. | |||||
| The People's Republicof ChinaThird Biennial Update Reporton Climate Change | 2023 | It breaks down the dual control targets of total energyconsumption and energy intensity for key energy consumers, and evaluates their performance accordingly to strengthen energy-saving management. China adjusted the functions of relevant government departments, and askedthenewly established Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE) to lead the workof responding to climate change, thus reinforcing the coordination between addressingclimate change and protecting the eco-environment. | |||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Improve the level of international road transport facilitation. Give full play to the role of the National Transportation Facilitation Committee mechanism to improve the level of interconnection and facilitation. Promote the implementation of the central fiscal power reform for border port automobile entry and exit transportation and implement the central government's expenditure responsibility. Promote the optimization of the international road transport business environment, guide enterprises to become bigger and stronger, and support enterprises to "go global". Fully implement enterprises' primary responsibility for work safety, improve their safety management systems, and continuously promote the standardization of enterprise safety practices. Improve the legal and regulatory framework, as well as standards and norms for transport safety, to enhance the rule-of-law level in transport safety management. Establish and refine a clear list of responsibilities and powers for safety supervision, standardize the fulfillment of supervisory duties, and ensure the implementation of regulatory responsibilities. Strengthen the investigation and assessment of transportation safety accidents. Comprehensively use law enforcement inspections, credit supervision, social supervision and third-party services to establish a governance structure of social co-construction, co-sharing, co-management and co-governance. Establish a safety-oriented market exit mechanism to promptly remove enterprises with major safety hazards and drivers who seriously violate laws and regulations. Focus on easing market access in competitive segments and relaxing price controls on competitive services, promote diversification and moderate competition among market players in the railway transport sector, and advance the separation of universal postal services from competitive services in terms of operation and management. Improve the modern enterprise system, promote the transformation of state-owned enterprises in transportation from "asset management" to "capital management", and deepen the mixed ownership reform of state-owned enterprises in the transportation field. Cultivate and strengthen transportation market entities and build internationally competitive transportation enterprises. Fully implement the negative list system for market access to transport services, improve and perfect unified transport rules, systems, and standards, give priority to the development of laws and regulations related to the unified transport market, and establish a high-standard market system. further promote the deepening of the shareholding reform of national railway enterprises. Strengthen the construction of the credit system. Establish a full-chain credit governance model of "ex-ante management standards, subject commitments, strong process supervision, and severe punishment for breach of trust". Improve and perfect relevant systems such as credit records, information disclosure, rating, and classified supervision. Strengthen the credit management of untrustworthy market entities and their relevant personnel in the fields of taxis, "two passengers and one dangerous goods". Improve the system of incentives for keeping trust and punishments for breach of trust, and promote the establishment of a cross-regional and cross-industry credit reward and punishment linkage mechanism. Support the cultivation of standardized and healthy development of third-party credit service institutions for transportation services. | x | x | |||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Promote the formation of a unified open market. Establish and improve the integrated development mechanism of urban agglomeration transportation. Implement the fair competition review system, and standardize the subsidy policies for China-Europe trains, ports and shipping, and international civil aviation routes. Establish a new credit-based supervision mechanism, strengthen the sharing and disclosure of credit information, risk monitoring and safety management, and promote ex ante credit commitments, in-process credit evaluation and graded and classified supervision, ex post rewards and punishments, and credit repair. Explore the establishment of a fault-tolerant system for innovative development of transportation. Standardize the price management of new forms and models of transportation, improve the price formation mechanism of cruising taxis, and deepen the market-oriented reform of road passenger transportation prices. Fully implement the reform plan for the division of fiscal powers and expenditure responsibilities between the central and local governments in the field of transportation, optimize the debt structure, and prevent and resolve the hidden debt risks of local governments. | x | x | x | x | |
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | Improve the organizational leadership system of the Ministry of Transport's carbon peak and carbon neutrality work, and strengthen inter-departmental coordination. | |||||
| "14th Five-Year" Civil Aviation Development Plan | 2021 | Continue to promote reforms in low-altitude airspace management. Increase low-altitude routes as needed, expand the scope of low-altitude reporting airspace, streamline and optimize flight mission approval, plan application, and approval (filing) procedures, streamline reporting channels, and expand the types of services that are approved on a case-by-case basis. Deepen the reform of the administrative approval system. Continue to streamline administration and delegate power, adhere to the principle of combining decentralization with regulation, and focus on optimizing services. Improve the list of administrative licensing items and continue to cancel and decentralize administrative approval items. Explore measures such as combining multiple certificates into one, expand the scope of the notification and commitment system, and streamline approval procedures. Build administrative approval halls and fully implement a "one-stop window" for administrative approvals. Innovate administrative management and service methods, and promote the establishment of an intelligent and convenient administrative approval information system. Improve the mechanism for the implementation and coordination of administrative approval matters. Improve administrative management systems. Strengthen coordination and cooperation among departments, focus on core responsibilities and highlight key areas, to establish a work structure with consistent goals, coordinated actions, and resonant results. Effectively strengthen grassroots oversight capacity. Improve the Party's leadership system for major work and improve the coordination mechanism for major decision-making. Optimize functional allocation and work processes, formulate and implement a list of rights and responsibilities, adapt to cross-departmental, cross-sector, and cross-regional tasks, and promote the formation of an administrative management system with coordinated rights and responsibilities, smooth execution, and effective management. Deepen the institutional reform of public institutions in accordance with the principles of accelerating the separation of government and administration, and the separation of management and operation. Support industry associations in their in-depth participation in civil aviation industry governance. Fully implement the fair competition review system. Enhance regulatory capacity, strengthen oversight of natural monopolies within the industry, cooperate with relevant departments to strengthen investigations into monopolistic practices, and promote fair competition and market openness. Improve the inclusive and prudent regulatory mechanism for emerging business models. Improve the credit system and establish a new regulatory mechanism based on credit supervision. Deepen the reform of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) under the administration of the Civil Aviation Authority. Adhere to the direction of market-oriented reform for SOEs, and actively and prudently advance mixed-ownership reform. Accelerate the improvement of corporate governance structures and market-oriented operational mechanisms of SOEs, establish sound systems for term-based appointments and contract-based management for executive teams, and stimulate the vitality of SOEs. Encourage, support, and guide the strategic restructuring and specialized integration of civil aviation enterprises. Proactively and prudently promote the disposal of “zombie enterprises” and inefficient or non-performing assets, leveraging the role of the market to strengthen and refine core businesses. In accordance with the principles of separating government functions from enterprise management and separating public institutions from enterprises, clarify the relationships between administrative agencies, public institutions, and affiliated enterprises at all levels within civil aviation, and explore reform paths for public-interest enterprises. | x | ||||
| Opinions on Strengthening the Protection of Truck Drivers' Rights and Interests | 2021 | Strictly regulate fair and civilized law enforcement. Carry out special rectification of outstanding problems in the field of transportation law enforcement, list rectification lists, reconcile and close accounts one by one, comprehensively correct problems such as arbitrary fines, arbitrary charges, and punishment instead of management, and deeply analyze and publicly expose typical cases of law enforcement problems found. Resolutely clean up all kinds of unreasonable punishment regulations involving the majority of truck drivers. | x | ||||
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | Establish and improve a system and mechanism for coordinated development of transportation within urban clusters, and promote the integration of relevant policies, regulations, and standards. Deepen the reform of the transportation industry. Deepen the reform of streamlining administration, delegating power, combining regulation and service optimization, continuously optimize the business environment, and form a unified, open, competitive and orderly transportation market. Establish and improve the system and mechanism that adapts to the high-quality development of the country's comprehensive three-dimensional transportation, and improve the policy system of comprehensive transportation development strategy planning. Promote the market-oriented reform of the competitive links in the railway industry, deepen the reform of the national air traffic control system, and realize the separation of postal universal service business and competitive business. Accelerate the formulation of standards and specifications for comprehensive transportation hubs, multimodal transport, new business forms and new models, strengthen the overall coordination of standards for different modes of transportation, and build a standard system that conforms to high-quality development. Strengthen international exchanges and cooperation in transportation, actively participate in international transportation organizations, promote international mutual recognition of standards, and enhance the internationalization level of Chinese standards. Based on big data and credit information sharing, build a new governance mechanism for comprehensive transportation. | x | x | |||
| 14th Five Year Plan for the Construction of Modern Logistics System | 2020 | Improve the network management capabilities of logistics enterprises. Support key logistics enterprises to strengthen resource integration through mergers and reorganizations, alliance cooperation, etc., optimize network layout, and guide enterprises to operate intensively and on a large scale. Encourage leading enterprises in waterway transport, air freight, rail freight, and postal express sectors to align with domestic and international logistics corridors, accelerate the deployment of facilities at key nodes both domestically and abroad, and establish a networked operational system. | |||||
| Outline for the Development of Inland Waterway Transport | 2020 | Promote the transformation and upgrading of port and shipping enterprises. Promote the scale, intensive and professional development of port and shipping enterprises, optimize the market entity structure, and encourage advantageous enterprises to promote joint ventures and mergers and reorganizations. Actively develop inland waterway shipping logistics and supply chain systems, and promote the transformation of port and shipping enterprises into full-process logistics carriers. Encourage shipping enterprises to develop upstream and downstream such as ships, ports, cargo, and finance, and build an integrated industrial chain development and operation model. Deepen the reform of inland waterway shipping authority. Consolidate and improve the reform of the Yangtze River shipping administrative system, and promote the study and improvement of the shipping management system and mechanism such as the Xijiang shipping trunk line. Improve the comprehensive administrative law enforcement system and mechanism for transportation, strengthen regional cooperation and joint law enforcement, and resolutely crack down on illegal sand mining and ship overloading. Promote the establishment of bilateral or multilateral long-term exchange and cooperation mechanisms with neighboring countries. Promote the construction of law-based government departments and the reform of the administrative approval system. Study and formulate an inland waterway standard system that reflects high-quality development, and strengthen standard implementation and supervision. Further reform and improve the industry statistics system. | x | ||||
| Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Nation | 2019 | Deepen industry reform. Adhere to the rule of law, improve the comprehensive transportation legal system, and promote the formulation and revision of laws and regulations in key areas. Continue to deepen the reform of the railway, highway, waterway, and airspace management systems, and establish and improve systems and mechanisms that adapt to the integrated development of comprehensive transportation. Promote the shareholding reform of national railway enterprises and the mixed ownership reform of postal enterprises, and support the healthy development of private enterprises. Coordinate the formulation of transportation development strategies, plans, and policies, and accelerate the construction of a modern comprehensive transportation system. Strengthen planning coordination and achieve "multi-plan integration" and "multi-plan integration". | x | x | x | x | |
| Mid- to Long-term Development Plan for the Automotive Industry | 2017 | Steadily advance mixed-ownership reform, and achieve cooperation between state-owned enterprises and other non-publicly owned enterprises in production capacity, channels, investment and financing through market-oriented means and various models. Improve the internal governance and supervision mechanisms of state-owned enterprises, and accelerate the establishment of incentive and constraint mechanisms such as business decision-making, personnel selection, performance appraisal, and income distribution that are compatible with the market economy. | x |
Transport international conventions - General
| Action Plan for Reducing Costs, Improving Quality and Increasing Efficiency of Transportation and Logistics | 2024 | Improve the bilateral and multilateral international road transport agreement system in the China-Europe direction, promote the connection of the China-Europe direct express transport channel, continue to expand the scope of application of the "International Road Transport Convention", and improve the customs clearance efficiency of border ports. | |||||
| Guiding Opinions on the Construction of Smart Ports | 2024 | Promote international connectivity and cooperation. Promote exchanges and cooperation in the port sector with participating Belt and Road countries and key trading partners, and establish online service zones for trade cooperation between China and ASEAN, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, APEC, and the BRICS. Strengthen cooperation with major ports globally, exploring and promoting the interconnection and mutual recognition of digital bills of lading (bills of lading), paperless cargo release, and full visibility and traceability of cross-border logistics. Promote the exchange of electronic certificates related to international vessels, inspection and quarantine, and preferential origin. Explore the development of a calculation platform for the cumulation rules of origin under the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP). Promote the exchange of information among Authorized Economic Operators (AEOs). | |||||
| Implementation Plan for Innovative Application of General Aviation Equipment (2024-2030) | 2024 | Support domestic enterprises to participate in the formulation and revision of international rules and standards in areas such as drones and electric aircraft. | x | ||||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Further improve the standards and specifications for dangerous goods road transport to achieve alignment with international rules. Publish the amendments and supplements to the "International Railway Freight Transport Agreement" on an annual basis, and promote the signing of bilateral government maritime transport agreements with relevant countries. Create a replicable example of international mutual recognition and cooperation of electronic certificates for ships and crew members. Make good use of existing cooperation mechanisms such as the Transport Cooperation Subcommittee of the China-Russia Prime Ministers' Regular Meeting Committee, the China-ASEAN (10+1) Transport Ministers' Meeting, the China-Central and Eastern Europe Transport Ministers' Meeting, the China-Germany Transport Forum, the China-Japan-ROK Transport and Logistics Ministers' Meeting, the China-Latin America (Community of Nations) Transport Cooperation Forum, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Transport Ministers' Meeting, bilateral and multilateral regular shipping talks, and bilateral highway technical cooperation to consolidate practical cooperation in the field of transportation with relevant countries. Actively promote the establishment of new mechanisms such as the "China-Central Asian Five Countries" Transport Ministers' Meeting, the China-Saudi Arabia Ministerial Cooperation Mechanism, and the China-Kurmenistan Cooperation Committee Transport and Logistics Cooperation Subcommittee to continuously expand the "circle of friends" for global transportation cooperation. Strengthen the internationalization of standards, develop 20 international standards, and complete 200 foreign language versions of standards. | x | x | x | ||
| The People's Republicof China Fourth National Communication on Climate Change | 2023 | In April 2019, China and the EUsigned the Joint Statement on the Implementation of the EU-China Cooperation on Energy, followingajoint statement on climate change and clean energy made by heads fromthe two sides inJuly 2018. China-Germany exchanges and cooperation. In 2019, China and Germany exchangedopinions on the status quo and strategic trends of electric vehicles (EVs) and fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) and decided to expand cooperation to facilitate the sustainabledevelopment of NEVs on two sides. The two counties signed the Terms of Referencefor Sino-German Working Group on Environment and Climate Change in the 6thSino-German Environment Forum in Beijing sponsored by the Chinese Ministryof Ecology and Environment in October 2019. In 2018, China and the International Energy Agency (IEA) signed the Memorandumof Understanding on Cooperation on Climate Change Response. | |||||
| The People's Republicof ChinaThird Biennial Update Reporton Climate Change | 2023 | During the 13th FYP period, China has continued to fulfill its obligations under theKyoto Protocol, supported domestic enterprises in participating in the United Nations Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), promoted domestic work in energy conservation and energy efficiency, and encouraged the development of newandrenewable energy sources. However, since 2012, the number of CDMproject applications in China has decreased sharply due to a significant decline in the demandfor Chinese CDM projects in the EU carbon market. | |||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Study and promote the exchange of international road transport related information data with Russia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Turkey and other countries along the "Belt and Road". Promote cross-border drop-and-hook transport, promote the development of cross-border multimodal transport such as China-South Korea land-sea transport, and actively build a China-ASEAN multimodal transport alliance. Promote the negotiation and implementation of bilateral international road transport cooperation documents and open up the China-Europe highway direct transport channel. Relying on the Universal Postal Union mechanism, enhance the accessibility and stability of the global network. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Plan for Aviation Logistics | 2022 | Strengthen research on international regulations and standards. Make full use of existing civil aviation cooperation platforms to systematically advance bilateral, multilateral, and regional technical exchanges in air logistics. Enhance civil aviation dialogue and cooperation with Belt and Road partner countries and regions, and promote the internationalization of China's standards in air logistics. Actively participate in the formulation of international standards for air logistics safety and operations, explore mechanisms for cross-border (regional) data exchange in air logistics, and enhance China's voice and influence in global civil aviation affairs. | |||||
| Opinions on Promoting Green Development in the Joint Construction of the Belt and Road Initiative | 2022 | Strengthen green financial cooperation. Under the multilateral cooperation frameworks such as the United Nations and the G20, promote voluntary guidelines and best practices related to green investment and financing, and promote capacity building in the field of green finance. Make good use of loans from international financial institutions to leverage private green investment. Encourage financial institutions to implement the "Belt and Road" Green Investment Principles. | |||||
| "14th Five-Year" Civil Aviation Development Plan | 2021 | Fully leverage the platform role of international civil aviation organizations and promote the internationalization of mature and advanced domestic standards in a phased and focused manner. Deepen participation in the important decision-making of international civil aviation organizations and coordinate the establishment of strategic dialogue mechanisms with relevant countries in areas such as safety, security, navigation, and the environment. Deepen international cooperation in civil aviation. Serve the overall national diplomatic agenda, leverage the unique role of civil aviation in foreign relations, actively participate in Sino-foreign economic and trade consultations, investment agreements, and free trade agreement negotiations, and strive for greater development opportunities. Give full play to the role of China's civil aviation as a "Belt and Road" cooperation platform to expand the breadth and depth of cooperation. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Water Transport | 2021 | Deepen international cooperation in ports, shipping, and maritime affairs. Improve international cooperation mechanisms, promote alignment with maritime laws, policies, rules, and standards with countries and regions along the Maritime Silk Road, actively negotiate and sign new maritime agreements, and promote international exchange and cooperation in maritime affairs. Strengthen cooperation with the International Maritime Organization and deepen participation in global maritime governance. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Adhere to the principles of fairness, common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, constructively participate in and lead international cooperation on climate change, promote the implementation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and its Paris Agreement, and actively carry out South-South cooperation on climate change. | |||||
| China First NDC (Updated submission) | 2021 | China has decided to accept the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol and tighten regulations over non-carbon dioxide emissions. | |||||
| New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035) | 2021 | Strengthen alignment with internationally accepted economic and trade rules, fully implement the pre-establishment national treatment plus negative list management system, treat all new energy market entities equally, and build a market-oriented, law-based, and international business environment. | |||||
| Outline for the Development of Inland Waterway Transport | 2020 | Coordinated development of international navigable rivers and waterways. Comply with relevant international agreements, actively promote the comprehensive development, utilization, maintenance and management of important international navigable rivers and waterways such as the Heilongjiang River, Lancang River, and Yalu River, and orderly promote the construction, maintenance and management of other international navigable rivers and waterways such as the Tumen River, Ergun River, Wusuli River, Red River, Nujiang River, and Beilun River. | x | ||||
| Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Nation | 2019 | Actively promote the construction and reform of the global transportation governance system, promote the "introduction" and "going out" of transportation policies, rules, systems, technologies, and standards, and actively participate in the formulation and revision of rules and standards under the framework of international transportation organizations. Enhance the international voice and influence of transportation. Attract foreign investment into the transportation sector and fully implement the pre-entry national treatment plus negative list management system. |
Transport labels - General
| Opinions on promoting high-quality development of inland waterway transportation | 2025 | Promote the standardization of ship signs and labels, and strengthen the energy efficiency management of inland river ships. | x | ||||
| Comprehensive work plan for energy conservation and emission reduction in the 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Comprehensively promote green express packaging and guide e-commerce companies and postal express companies to purchase and use express packaging products that have obtained green certification |
Transport resilience - general
| The People's Republicof China Fourth National Communication on Climate Change | 2023 | In 2020, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment and the Ministry of HousingandUrban-Rural Development jointly issued the Notice on Reporting on the Progress of Climate-Resilient City Pilot Projects, providing guidance on the reporting of the progressof the 28 climate-resilient city pilot projects. The pilot cities have taken a series of adaption actions and measures, including establishing an extreme weather and climateevent monitoring and early warning system, formulating urban climate change actionplans, and strengthening the resilience of vulnerable areas. China has integrated climate change adaptation into urban planning. The Ministryof Natural Resources issued the Guidelines for Municipal Land Use Master Planning (Trial), requiring local governments to assess the impacts of climate change and proactivelyrespond to the risks and challenges brought about by climate change. | |||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Promote efficient and standard emergency transport equipment such as containers, pallets, and turnover boxes. Accelerate the establishment of a national-level emergency drill center for urban rail transit, and enhance the emergency response capabilities for urban rail transit operations in the context of network-based emergencies." Strengthen emergency training management and emergency drills, strengthen the social coordination capacity of emergency rescue, and improve the expropriation compensation mechanism. Continue to develop and improve large-scale life-saving systems for cruise ships and other large passenger vessels. | x | x | x | ||
| "14th Five-Year" National Road Traffic Safety Plan | 2022 | Improve the professional level of accident handling and rescue of dangerous goods transport vehicles. Carry out a pilot project to integrate dangerous chemical safety information codes with electronic waybills, formulate and improve the standards for emergency rescue equipment for dangerous goods road transport accidents, develop special protective rescue equipment, and improve emergency plans and measures for dangerous goods road transport accidents of different categories. Improve the standardization level of highway vehicle rescue. Strengthen the construction of emergency material road transport guarantee system under emergencies. Improve and update various emergency plans and strengthen drills, and strengthen the storage of emergency equipment and materials. Relying on the actual combat training base, strengthen the real-life or virtual scene drills and training of road traffic emergency command, material allocation, diversion control, accident handling, public opinion guidance and other plans, and improve the skills of risk identification and handling, protection and other skills under emergency conditions. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Plan for Aviation Logistics | 2022 | Improve the emergency response plan system, carefully summarize the effective measures in epidemic prevention and control, and promptly promote the institutionalization, planning and regulation of public health emergencies. Improve the major transport mission support system, establish a rapid response mechanism for major transport support tasks in aviation logistics, and improve the strategic delivery capabilities and efficiency of civil aviation. | x | ||||
| National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy 2035 | 2022 | By 2025, the policy system and institutional mechanisms for climate change adaptation will be basically formed; the monitoring and early-warning capacity of climate-change, extreme-weather, and climate-related extreme events will continue to be enhanced, and the assessment of adverse impacts and risks of climate change will be effectively improved. Significant progress will be made in the modernization of climate-related disaster prevention, as well as control systems and prevention capacity. Climate adaptation actions will be effectively carried out in key sectors and regions. The regional structure for climate adaptability will be established. Remarkable progress will be made in the pilot projects for climate-adaptive cities. Advanced technologies in climate change adaptation will be widely applied. A sound atmosphere for the whole society to consciously participate in climate change adaptation will have a preliminary basis. By 2030, the policy system and institutional mechanisms for climate change adaptation will be generally well-established. Systems for climate-change observation and prediction, impact assessment, and risk management will be basically formed. The ability to prevent major climate-related risks and disasters will be significantly improved, and climate adaptation activities in all sectors and regions will be carried out comprehensively. The climate vulnerability of natural ecosystems and economic and social systems will be significantly reduced. Moreover, climate change adaptation will be widely popularized as a concept throughout society, and adaptation technological systems and standards will be constructed preliminary constructed. Phased results will be achieved in the building of a climate-adaptive society. By 2035, the climate change monitoring and early warning capacity will reach an international advanced level, the climate risk management and prevention system will be basically mature, major climate-related disaster risks will be effectively prevented and controlled, and the climate change adaptation technology systems and standard systems will be well-established. The construction of a climate-adaptive society with greater climate adaptability will be basically completed. | |||||
| "14th Five-Year" Civil Aviation Development Plan | 2021 | Comprehensively enhance emergency response capabilities. Improve the emergency response plan system, establish a combined peacetime and wartime operational model, and a specialized emergency linkage and coordination mechanism. Strengthen information interconnection and work collaboration with the Ministry of Emergency Management and local governments, and promote the integration of airport emergency response into local emergency rescue systems. Study the establishment of a civil aviation emergency equipment and material reserve mechanism and an overseas emergency response mechanism, and explore various forms of equipment and resource sharing. Strengthen comprehensive drills and support the construction of airport emergency rescue simulation training bases. Accelerate the improvement of the civil aviation emergency support technology system, encourage the expansion of specialized emergency response and rescue services, and enhance the comprehensive support capabilities of civil aviation emergency management. Establish a civil aviation emergency support system for major and serious emergencies, and accelerate the improvement of management methods and operating mechanisms that are compatible with the normalization of COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control. Strengthen cybersecurity emergency response capabilities. Improve the ability to dynamically respond to and recover from cybersecurity incidents, establish an emergency command mechanism for major cybersecurity incidents, and enhance pre-emptive prevention, in-process monitoring, and post-incident emergency response capabilities. Strengthen cooperation with security service agencies to improve the coordinated response to cybersecurity incidents. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Highways | 2021 | Improve highway emergency response capabilities. Accelerate the construction of national regional emergency equipment and material reserve centers, ensuring that planned reserve centers are completed and operational. Improve the reserve center layout plan and strengthen coverage of multi-provincial border areas and high-risk disaster areas. Conduct scientific highway emergency drills, strengthen joint military and civilian emergency drills across the country, formulate relevant emergency drill system standards, and guide the standardized and regular conduct of emergency drills in various regions. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Water Transport | 2021 | Serve to safeguard national economic security. Relying on specialized port terminals, we will increase storage capacity for crude oil, LNG, iron ore, etc., appropriately advance the construction of national grain, energy, and strategic mineral resource loading, storage, and transit bases, and enhance the risk resistance and safety and stability of the port link. Continue to advance safety supervision and emergency rescue capacity building. Promote the development of an integrated water transportation safety assurance system encompassing land, sea, air, and space. Improve the layout of supervision and rescue bases and facilities in key waters, gradually achieve full coverage of safety monitoring systems such as VTS and CCTV, strengthen the deployment of facilities and equipment for water rescue, salvage, oil spills, and hazardous chemical disposal, enhance inland deepwater emergency rescue capabilities, promote the use of new rescue equipment such as drones, autonomous boats, and underwater robots, and promote integrated patrol and rescue operations. Upgrade and improve waterway transportation emergency command systems at all levels, achieve interconnectivity within and outside the industry, and enhance waterway transportation emergency response capabilities. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Accelerate the establishment of an emergency logistics system with sufficient reserves, rapid response, and strong shock resistance. | |||||
| 14th Five Year Plan for the Construction of Modern Logistics System | 2020 | We will develop diversified international logistics channels, prepare emergency plans to deal with logistics disruptions, and effectively prevent the risk of supply disruptions of key products in energy, food, and industrial chain supply chains. We will strengthen the management of urban and rural terminal access to ensure a stable supply of agricultural products such as food and vegetables, as well as feed and agricultural materials. We will strengthen the support and guarantee of the emergency logistics system for the industrial backup system, and enhance the capacity for production and rapid transportation of production capacity reserves. | x |
Trasport adaptation - general
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Transportation | 2022 | Transportation emergency and service assurance technology. Improve the comprehensive transportation emergency and service assurance capabilities, carry out research and development of technical equipment such as emergency prediction and early warning, decision support, on-site situation awareness, and emergency drills, and focus on breakthroughs in key technologies such as comprehensive transportation resource coordinated organization and emergency response, and unmanned intelligent rescue. | |||||
| "14th Five-Year" Civil Aviation Development Plan | 2021 | Improve general aviation public services. Strengthen high-altitude emergency rescue capabilities, support the establishment of a national network of aviation emergency rescue bases, and improve coordinated support mechanisms. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Modern Transport Hub System | 2021 | Improve the level of safety emergency management in comprehensive passenger transport hubs. Promote the establishment of a coordinated emergency command mechanism in comprehensive passenger transport hubs, strengthen safety risk identification and assessment, improve emergency plans, and enhance disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities. Focus on daily passenger flow monitoring, peak passenger flow warning, and operation in high-risk areas, and realize dynamic control and intelligent warning of the entire hub operation process, key areas, and key facilities and equipment. Enhance the hub's safety emergency function, promote the application of facilities and equipment such as face recognition, seat monitoring, and somatosensory monitoring systems, and improve the hub's emergency support service capabilities. Improve the level of safety emergency management in comprehensive freight hubs. Improve the business operating procedures, safety management rules and emergency plans of comprehensive freight hubs, and explore the establishment of a third-party safety risk assessment system. Promote the establishment of a coordinated emergency linkage mechanism between hub operators, management and service agencies, resident enterprises, and relevant government departments, and strengthen real-time and centralized supervision of flammable, explosive and other dangerous goods. Promote the improvement of functions of hubs with good location conditions, applicable facilities and equipment, and close to emergency reserve asset (sales) sites, and improve the transportation support system for key strategic materials. Implement national defense requirements and promote qualified hubs to improve relevant functions and standards. | |||||
| 14th Five Year Plan for the Construction of Modern Logistics System | 2020 | Establish and improve the rapid response mechanism for emergency logistics. Optimize the layout of emergency material reserves, and create a network of emergency material reserves nodes with clear levels, reasonable types, and efficient coordination. According to the nature, severity, controllability, and scope of impact of the emergency, classify and establish emergency logistics plans and response mechanisms, refine the logistics resource investment structure, operation organization, etc., clarify the division of labor and cooperation responsibilities, and conduct emergency drills in a timely manner to ensure that the plan is scientific and practical. Enhance the social mobilization capacity of emergency logistics, establish an emergency logistics team with enterprises as the main body, improve the logistics enterprise's emergency conversion mechanism, strengthen cross-regional and cross-field emergency logistics coordination organization, improve the ability to coordinate and call emergency logistics resources, strengthen the construction of transportation green channels and material transfer stations during emergencies, and ensure that emergency materials are deployed in place in a timely manner. Improve the emergency logistics operation guarantee mechanism, guide the establishment of an emergency logistics big data platform, promote data sharing with the emergency management information platform, improve functions such as information collection, dynamic monitoring, data analysis, risk warning, and information release, focus on strengthening research and assessment of the risks of large-scale logistics disruptions, and improve emergency logistics organization capabilities. Promote multiple alternatives such as railway express, road transfer, and freight charter flights to ensure the normal operation of emergency logistics under abnormal circumstances. Strengthen the organization and connection of trunk, branch and terminal emergency logistics to improve the efficiency of emergency material delivery. | |||||
| China's First NDC Submission | 2016 | Comprehensively improve the ability to adapt to climate change. Improve the safe operation capabilities of water conservancy, transportation, energy and other infrastructure under climate change conditions. |
Travel time improvement
| "14th Five-Year" Civil Aviation Development Plan | 2021 | With the core of shortening passengers' travel time and improving service quality, and focusing on hub airports, we will promote full-process guidance for passengers, seamless customs clearance, differentiated security checks and customs epidemic prevention "one-stop inspection" as needed, so as to provide passengers with a "one face" for travel. | x |
Urban rail improvement
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Continue to improve the technical specifications for the operation of key facilities and equipment systems in urban rail transit, and improve the operation and management system of urban rail transit. | x | x | |||
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Development of Urban Integrated Transportation Systems | 2023 | The construction of urban rail transit must comply with the urban development strategy, actively play the role of rail transit in optimizing the urban functional layout, carry out benefit evaluation of completed urban rail transit projects, and strengthen supervision and inspection of project implementation. | x | x | |||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Promote the integrated development of urban rail transit with trunk railways, intercity railways, and suburban railways, build a "one network" for operation management and services, and realize interconnection of facilities, interoperable ticketing systems, mutual recognition of security checks, information sharing, and payment compatibility. Guide cities to implement line network performance evaluation by category, accelerate the construction of additional double-track branch lines and connecting lines, expand station halls and platform passages, add entrances and exits, and other short-board renovations to comprehensively improve the utilization level of urban rail transit lines. Optimize transportation organization modes such as large and small routes, fast and slow trains, cross-line operations, and flexible marshaling. Promote the standardized operation of fully automatic trains, smart stations, and unmanned equipment rooms, and improve the level of intelligence in urban rail transit. Optimize the elderly-friendly and barrier-free travel environment. Carry out the creation of brand lines for urban rail transit operation services to improve the convenience and efficiency of line network services. Promote key cities to establish intelligent management systems for the urban rail transit industry and strengthen supervision of the entire operation process, regions, and key facilities and equipment. | x | x | |||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Strengthen the efficient connection between hub airports and rail transit to make transfers more convenient. Build a multi-level rapid transportation network that effectively connects large, medium and small cities and towns, and actively promote the use of surplus transportation capacity of existing railways to operate intercity trains. Explore extending rail transit in the central urban areas of key metropolitan areas to surrounding cities (towns) in a reasonable manner. | x | x | |||
| Implementation Plan for New Urbanization in the 14th Five-Year Plan | 2022 | Optimize the layout of bus and subway station points and lines, and improve the “last mile” public transportation network. | x | x | |||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Modern Transport Hub System | 2021 | Railway-dominated comprehensive passenger transport hubs should compactly arrange rail transit, highway passenger transport, urban public transport and passenger transfer space, promote the close construction of the main buildings of passenger stations for different modes of transportation, and directly connect the internal functional spaces, and promote hubs with conditions to realize the main functions of various modes of transportation in the same building. Improve the logistics supporting facilities and comprehensive functions of railway stations and promote the development of railway express transport. | x | x | x | ||
| 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Accelerate the construction of intercity railways and urban suburban railways, and promote the development of urban rail transit in an orderly manner. | x | x | |||
| China's Mid-Century Long-Term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development Strategy | 2021 | Actively develop large-capacity and high-efficiency interregional rapid passenger transport services with high-speed rail and aviation as the mainstay, improve the level of rail transit commuting in urban agglomerations, and encourage the mass transit form operation of intercity road transportation in areas with high passenger demand. | x | x | |||
| Opinions on Further Improving the Work of Railway Planning and Construction | 2021 | Railways with surplus resources can appropriately operate intercity trains and suburban trains in a market-oriented manner. | x | x | |||
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | Promote the effective connection of urban and external transportation. Promote the integrated construction of trunk railways, intercity railways, and suburban railways, and coordinate with urban rail transit to build a "one network" for operation management and services, and realize the interconnection of facilities, ticket systems, security inspections, information sharing, and payment compatibility. Build a high-capacity, rapid rail transit network connecting the central urban area with satellite towns and new towns, promote public transportation operations, strengthen road traffic connections, and create a one-hour “door-to-door” commuting circle. Megacities will make full use of underground space and buildings of rail transit to optimize passenger evacuation. Build a convenient and efficient inter-city transportation network, accelerate the networking of urban clusters rail transit, improve the expressway network of urban clusters, strengthen the smooth connection between roads and rails in urban border areas, and basically realize a 2-hour transportation circle within the urban clusters. | x | x | |||
| Promote the development of multimodal transport, optimize and adjust the transport structure Work Program (2021-2025) | 2021 | Fully tap the resources of urban railway stations and lines, and innovate road-rail multimodal transport modes such as "external collection and internal distribution" for production and living materials. | x | x | |||
| China First NDC (Updated submission) | 2021 | Foster urban low-carbon transportation system. As of 2019, urban rail transit lines with an operating mileage of 6,100 km have been open in 41 cities. Urban public transportation has steadily increased the mobility sharing rate while providing an increasing level of comfort. | x | x |
Vehicle air pollution emission standards
| Key points of automobile standardization work in 2025 | 2025 | Promote the release and implementation of standards for greenhouse gas management terms and definitions for road vehicles, product carbon footprint labels, and carbon footprints for key products related to road vehicles and passenger cars. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Improving Transportation Standards (2024-2027) | 2024 | Accelerate the upgrading of standards such as energy efficiency and carbon dioxide emission intensity levels of operating vehicles. | x | ||||
| Action plan to promote large-scale equipment renewals and consumer product trade-ins | 2024 | Improve the standard system such as carbon labeling. | x | ||||
| China's Energy Transition | 2024 | It has adopted motor vehicle emission standards that align with advanced international levels, phasing out vehicles that do not meet the National IV or higher level emission standards. | x | ||||
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | Deepen the pollution control of in-use vehicles. Promote the full implementation of the automobile emission inspection and maintenance mechanism (I/M system), accelerate the establishment of a closed-loop joint prevention and control mechanism for vehicles with excessive emissions, and strengthen the emission inspection and maintenance control of in-use vehicles. Study and improve the access system for fuel consumption limits for road transport vehicles. Standardize the storage management of exhaust gas, waste liquid, solid waste and hazardous waste from maintenance operations, promote advanced maintenance processes and equipment, and promote green automobile maintenance. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Highways | 2021 | Green transportation has achieved remarkable results, with significant improvements in the intensive and efficient use of resources. Advanced and applicable new energy and clean energy equipment has been widely promoted, and carbon and pollutant emissions from highway transportation have significantly decreased. | x | ||||
| Comprehensive work plan for energy conservation and emission reduction in the 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Fully implement the National VI emission standards for automobiles and the National IV emission standards for non-road mobile diesel machinery, and basically eliminate automobiles that meet the National III and below emission standards. | x |
Vehicle efficiency standards
| Key points of automobile standardization work in 2025 | 2025 | Strengthen the development of green and low-carbon standards for automobiles. Promote the release and implementation of standards such as passenger car fuel consumption evaluation methods and indicators, and electric vehicle energy consumption limits. Accelerate the development of standards such as passenger car onboard energy consumption monitoring, light hybrid vehicle pure electric utilization coefficient, and vehicle predictive cruise control system evaluation. Conduct preliminary research on standards such as heavy-duty commercial vehicle enterprise average fuel consumption evaluation, hydrogen (ammonia) engine vehicle technical specifications, and automobile energy-saving classification and grading. Continue to promote automobile energy conservation and emission reduction. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Large-Scale Equipment Renewal in Transportation | 2024 | Accelerate the upgrading of energy consumption limit standards for commercial vehicles, and increase the supply of safety and environmental protection standards for new energy vehicles. Strengthen the upgrading of energy consumption, emissions and technical standards for operating vehicles and ships. | x | ||||
| Action plan to promote large-scale equipment renewals and consumer product trade-ins | 2024 | Accelerate the upgrade of relevant restriction standards for energy consumption values of passenger cars and heavy-duty commercial vehicles. | x | ||||
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Research and establish energy efficiency determination methods and labeling management systems for road transport vehicles, and vigorously promote the application of energy-saving operating vehicles. | x | ||||
| The People's Republicof China Fourth National Communication on Climate Change | 2023 | Efforts have been beefed up to verify whether road transport vehicles are up to the latest standards and update timely the types of commercial passenger and cargo vehicles that comply with requirements on safety and energy efficiency, in a bid todriveoff-specification vehicles out of the road transport market. | x | ||||
| Notice from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Regarding Matters Related to the Average Fuel Consumption and New Energy Vehicle Credit Management of Passenger Vehicle Enterprises in 2024-2025 | 2023 | For domestic passenger vehicle manufacturers with an annual production volume of less than 2,000 vehicles and whose production, R&D and operation remain independent, and for imported passenger vehicle suppliers authorized by overseas passenger vehicle manufacturers with an import volume of less than 2,000 vehicles, if the average fuel consumption of the enterprise decreases by more than 4% compared with the previous year, the compliance value shall be relaxed by 60% based on the average fuel consumption requirements for enterprises stipulated in GB 27999 "Evaluation Method and Indicators for Fuel Consumption of Passenger Vehicles"; if the decrease is more than 2% but less than 4%, the compliance value shall be relaxed by 30%. When passenger vehicle companies calculate the new energy vehicle credit compliance value, the production or import volume of low fuel consumption passenger vehicles shall be calculated as 0.2 times their quantity. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Highways | 2021 | Promote pollution control for commercial vehicles. Launch the "Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction Campaign" in road transport, continue to accelerate the early phase-out and replacement of diesel trucks that meet China III or lower emission standards, and expedite the promotion and application of commercial vehicles that meet China VI emission standards. Fully implement the Inspection and Maintenance (I/M) program for vehicle emissions, establish a closed-loop joint prevention and control mechanism for high-emission vehicles, and strengthen emission inspection and maintenance management for in-use vehicles. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030 ('1+N') | 2021 | We will keep oil consumption within a reasonable range, gradually adjust the scale of gasoline consumption, vigorously promote alternatives like advanced liquid biofuels and sustainable aviation fuel in substitution for traditional fuel oils, and make end-user fueled by oil more efficient. | x | ||||
| 2020 New Energy Vehicle Promotion Subsidy Program and Product Technical Requirements | 2020 | The energy consumption per unit load mass (Ekg) of battery electric trucks shall not exceed 0.29 Wh/km·kg. The energy consumption per unit load mass (Ekg) of non-fast-charging battery electric buses shall not exceed 0.18 Wh/km·kg. The driving range of battery electric passenger vehicles under test conditions shall not be less than 300 km. | x | ||||
| Mid- to Long-term Development Plan for the Automotive Industry | 2017 | By 2020, the average fuel consumption of new passenger cars will be reduced to 5.0 liters/100 kilometers, the fuel consumption of energy-saving vehicles will be reduced to below 4.5 liters/100 kilometers, and commercial vehicles will be close to the international advanced level. By 2020, the average fuel consumption of new passenger cars will reach 5 liters per 100 kilometers, and the application rate of energy-saving technologies such as idle start-stop will exceed 50%. By 2025, the average fuel consumption of new passenger cars will be reduced to 4.0 liters/100 kilometers, commercial vehicles will reach the international leading level, emissions will reach the international advanced level, the energy consumption of new energy vehicles will be at the international leading level. By 2025, the average fuel consumption of new passenger cars will be 20% lower than in 2020, and energy-saving technologies such as idling start-stop will be widely used. | x |
Vehicle import inspections
| "14th Five-Year" National Road Traffic Safety Plan | 2022 | Deepen the sharing of resource elements, realize the sharing of certification, commodity inspection and other information, and improve the compliance of imported vehicle products. Carry out the real-name registration of vehicle networking cards carried by production and sales vehicles in accordance with laws and regulations. | x |
Vehicle improvement - General
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | By 2025, the energy consumption and carbon emission intensity of operating vehicles and ships have further decreased, and the proportion of new energy and clean energy applications has significantly increased; New achievements have been made in the prevention and control of transportation pollution, the emission intensity of pollutants from operating vehicles and ships has continued to decrease, and the total amount of emissions has further decreased; | x | ||||
| China First NDC (Updated submission) | 2021 | By the end of 2019, the number of new energy buses in the country has exceeded 400,000. All buses in Shenzhen and taxis in Taiyuan have adopted pure electric vehicles. | x | ||||
| Mid- to Long-term Development Plan for the Automotive Industry | 2017 | The quality of Chinese brand automobile products has been significantly improved, and the brand recognition, product reputation and international influence have been significantly enhanced. Enterprises and brands with strong international competitiveness have been formed, and their status in the global industrial division of labor and value chain has been significantly improved, and global innovation leadership has been formed in the field of new energy vehicles. By 2020, several world-renowned automobile brands will be created, and the safety performance of commercial vehicles will be greatly improved; by 2025, the production and sales volume of several Chinese brand automobile companies will enter the top ten in the world. Coordinate the use of both international and domestic resources to form a diversified and in-depth cooperation model from technology to capital, marketing, and branding, and the international operation capabilities of enterprises will be significantly improved. By 2020, Chinese brand automobiles will gradually be exported to developed countries; by 2025, the global influence of Chinese brand automobiles will be further enhanced. Increase the research, development and promotion of automobile energy-saving and environmental protection technologies. Continuously improve automobile fuel consumption and environmental protection compliance requirements, and strengthen market supervision of energy conservation and emission reduction of medium and heavy-duty commercial vehicles. Improve the promotion mechanism of energy-saving vehicles, and guide the research and development and consumption of lightweight and small passenger cars through automobile fuel consumption limit standards, labeling standards and tax incentives. | x |
Vehicle inspection and maintenance
| Opinions on Further Improving Environmental Supervision of Motor Vehicles | 2025 | For diesel trucks with a gross vehicle weight exceeding 3.5 tons, onboard remote emission management terminals shall be installed, and relevant emission data shall be submitted to the ecological and environmental authorities as required. If the terminal operates normally, transmits data properly, and meets standards consistently within the annual inspection cycle, the provincial ecological and environmental authorities may exempt the vehicle from on-site emission testing for that cycle. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Reducing Costs, Improving Quality and Increasing Efficiency of Transportation and Logistics | 2024 | Improve the joint law enforcement, information sharing and joint punishment mechanism for truck production and modification, increase the supervision and inspection of truck consistency, consolidate the responsibilities of vehicle inspection and inspection, and severely crack down on fake license plate trailers. Steadily carry out the governance of extra-long flatbed semi-trailers and extra-long container semi-trailers. | x | ||||
| Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Integration of Passenger, Freight and Postal Services in Rural Areas | 2024 | Urge enterprises to improve the safety production system, refine job responsibilities, strengthen driver safety training, strengthen vehicle inspection and maintenance, and ensure transportation safety. After the safety inspection, mail and express parcels can only be transported or delivered if the quantity, weight, volume, placement and fastening meet the conditions for safe transportation. Mail and express parcels that have not been inspected and inspected will not be transported. | x | ||||
| Implementation Plan for Promoting Low-Carbon Development in the Railway Industry | 2024 | Promote green operation and maintenance. Promote the green and low-carbon transformation of the railway operation and maintenance system, and support the further standardization and scientificization of locomotive and vehicle maintenance procedures and systems. Continue to optimize maintenance processes and improve the digitalization and intelligence level of operation and maintenance. Promote the application of intelligent patrol, inspection, and maintenance technologies and intelligent equipment such as drones and robots. Purchase environmentally friendly and low-carbon equipment and materials, and promote the construction of a green supply chain. Improve waste treatment methods, carry out waste classification, recycling and resource utilization, and reduce environmental pollution. | x | ||||
| Implementation Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Charging Infrastructure to Better Support the Deployment of New Energy Vehicles to Rural Areas and Rural Revitalization | 2023 | Improve the evaluation system for used new energy vehicles, strengthen the inspection and renovation of used new energy vehicles, and encourage enterprises to provide high-quality used new energy vehicles to the rural market. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Encourage the integrated development of Internet + automobile maintenance, establish an online appointment + offline maintenance service system, support the development of convenient maintenance service outlets, and guide the branding and networking development of maintenance enterprises. Deeply implement the automobile maintenance technical information disclosure system, and urge automobile manufacturers to disclose vehicle maintenance technical information. Establish and improve the new energy vehicle maintenance standard system, and improve the detection, diagnosis and maintenance service capabilities of new energy vehicles. Vigorously promote the application of the automobile maintenance electronic health record system and expand the system service functions. Fully implement the automobile emission inspection and maintenance system, and improve the green maintenance policy standards. Optimize and improve the motor vehicle maintenance service quality and reputation assessment system. Optimize the technical standards of road transport vehicles, increase joint law enforcement inspections and crackdowns on illegally modified vehicles, and strictly prohibit illegal and irregular vehicles from entering the road transport market. Improve the coverage of dynamic supervision of rural passenger vehicles and further strengthen rural passenger safety management. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year" National Road Traffic Safety Plan | 2022 | Further refine and improve the management regulations for domestic motor vehicle manufacturers and products, enhance the ability of enterprises to ensure production consistency, improve the vehicle production consistency inspection system, increase the inspection frequency, and ensure vehicle production consistency. Establish and implement a system for the discovery, notification, rectification and feedback of vehicle violation information and safety hazard information, strengthen cross-departmental sharing of information on illegal and non-standard vehicles discovered in the inspection, registration and use of motor vehicles, increase the intensity of investigation and punishment in the vehicle registration, market access, inspection and testing, optimize the investigation and information collection of traffic accidents involving in-use vehicles, and proactively discover vehicle product safety defects. Improve safety requirements for new energy vehicles, build a new energy vehicle operation safety inspection technology and equipment system, strengthen new energy vehicle operation safety inspection and supervision, strictly regulate remote upgrade requirements, and ensure vehicle driving safety. Strengthen consistency supervision and inspection and dynamic regulation of vehicle production, sales, registration, inspection and use, jointly carry out special rectification actions against vehicle overloading, over-limit transportation and illegal modification, and seriously investigate and hold relevant illegal and irregular enterprises and individuals accountable in accordance with the law. Further improve the standard system of intelligent connected vehicles and enhance the inspection and testing capabilities of intelligent connected vehicle products. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Promote the R&D of vehicle-mounted rapid security inspection equipment. Strengthen the operational safety of facilities and equipment, improve the regulatory mechanism for the manufacturing and modification of freight vehicles, and strictly prevent illegally modified freight vehicles from being released from factories or put into operation. Intensify oversight at the source of cargo loading, and prohibit over-limit and overloaded vehicles from leaving loading sites or entering roads. | x | ||||
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | Promote the full implementation of the automobile emission inspection and maintenance mechanism (I/M system), accelerate the establishment of a closed-loop joint prevention and control mechanism for vehicles with excessive emissions, and strengthen the emission inspection and maintenance control of in-use vehicles. Study and improve the access system for fuel consumption limits for road transport vehicles. Standardize the storage management of exhaust gas, waste liquid, solid waste and hazardous waste from maintenance operations, promote advanced maintenance processes and equipment, and promote green automobile maintenance. | x | ||||
| New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035) | 2021 | Promote quality and brand building. Launch quality improvement actions for new energy vehicle products, guide enterprises to strengthen the development and application of reliability technologies throughout the entire process of design, manufacturing, testing, and verification. Fully utilize advanced technologies such as the Internet, big data, and blockchain to improve product quality control and traceability mechanisms throughout the entire life cycle. Apply virtual reality, big data, artificial intelligence, and other technologies to establish virtual simulation and testing and verification platforms for vehicle electrification, networking, and intelligence. Enhance the measurement and testing, performance evaluation, and testing and certification capabilities of complete vehicles and key components. Improve the safety assurance system. Implement a safety production mechanism that combines enterprise responsibility, government supervision, industry self-discipline, and social supervision. Strengthen the primary responsibility of enterprises for product safety, implement the extended producer responsibility system, and strengthen quality and safety management, safety status monitoring, and maintenance and inspection of complete vehicles and key systems such as power batteries and electronic controls. Improve safety standards and regulations for new energy vehicles, components, maintenance and inspection, charging and swapping, etc. Strengthen safety production supervision and management and new energy vehicle safety recall management. Encourage industry organizations to strengthen technical exchanges, summarize experiences, and guide enterprises to continuously improve safety levels. Build a cybersecurity assurance system. Improve the cybersecurity management system for new energy vehicles, build a unified vehicle identity authentication and security trust system, promote the in-depth application of cryptographic technology. Strengthen security testing of in-vehicle information systems, service platforms, and key electronic components. Strengthen the classified management and compliant application of new energy vehicle data, and improve risk assessment, early warning monitoring, and emergency response mechanisms to ensure information security in all links from the "vehicle end - transmission network - cloud end." | x | ||||
| Opinions on Strengthening the Protection of Truck Drivers' Rights and Interests | 2021 | Strictly implement the "three inspections in one" reform for ordinary road freight vehicles, implement vehicle inspection and technical grade assessment in accordance with national standards, and promote "one online, one inspection, one fee, and mutual recognition of results" for freight vehicles. | x | ||||
| About accelerating the transformation and upgrading of the road freight industry | 2019 | Further promote the strict implementation of relevant requirements for cross-provincial and off-site safety technical inspections, exhaust emission inspections, and comprehensive performance testing of ordinary trucks. Annual inspections of ordinary freight vehicles will be handled online in 2019. (Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Public Security, State Administration for Market Regulation, Ministry of Ecology and Environment) | x | ||||
| Financial Subsidy Policy for the Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles (2019) | 2019 | Further strengthen safety and consistency supervision. Industry authorities should expedite the establishment of a regular mechanism for product safety monitoring and random inspections for production consistency. For vehicle models that cause major safety incidents due to quality issues, or are identified by relevant authorities as having significant quality defects, their inclusion in the recommended vehicle catalogue shall be suspended or revoked, and the corresponding financial subsidies shall be delayed or cancelled accordingly. | x | ||||
| Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Nation | 2019 | Promote the application of intelligent detection, monitoring and operation and maintenance technologies for transportation equipment. | |||||
| Mid- to Long-term Development Plan for the Automotive Industry | 2017 | Continuously improve the new energy vehicle standard system, raise the entry threshold for new energy vehicle manufacturers and products, strengthen factory safety performance testing, strengthen new energy vehicle production supervision, and establish and improve new energy vehicle classification registration, traffic management, taxation and insurance, vehicle maintenance, and used car management policy systems. Guide automobile enterprises to strengthen the development and application of reliability design, testing and verification technology, build a closed-loop quality management system including pre-planning, intermediate supervision, and after-sales feedback, formulate and improve the product quality standard system, improve the quality responsibility guarantee mechanism, give full play to the role of high-tech service industry in certification, inspection and testing, and improve the quality control and traceability mechanism throughout the life cycle. Guide enterprises to implement quality improvement plans, take the overall improvement of service levels as a breakthrough, take the reduction of automobile failure rates and stable emission standards as work goals, make full use of advanced technologies such as the Internet and big data, build a dynamic automobile quality evaluation system, and continuously improve product quality and service capabilities. We will increase research on standards, certification, inspection and supervision systems in developed countries, especially in the countries and regions along the Belt and Road, to effectively break down international trade barriers. We will integrate domestic resources, promote exchanges and cooperation between Chinese and foreign governments on automobile quality and safety supervision systems, and improve automobile supervision and management in various trade modes such as parallel imports. | x | ||||
| Circular of the General Office of the State Council on Strengthening the Control of Overloading and Overloading of Vehicles | 2008 | Intensify efforts to correct existing vehicles with " "large tonnage and small label " (fraudulent under-rating). Increase the correction efforts for existing "large tonnage and small labels" vehicles. For existing "large tonnage and small labels" vehicles, we must further accelerate the correction of vehicle tonnage parameters and the renewal of driving licenses in accordance with the "large tonnage and small labels" model correction table published by the Development and Reform Commission. Vehicles that do not meet national safety technical standards will not pass vehicle inspections; for those that have not yet published the correction table due to special reasons, we must increase our efforts and issue correction announcements within 2005. Newly produced "large tonnage and small labels" vehicles and other vehicles that do not meet national standards after the transition period for the correction of existing "large tonnage and small labels" vehicles will be treated as illegal vehicles. The Development and Reform Commission will revoke the corresponding vehicle models, the public security organs will not issue vehicle license plates, and the vehicle manufacturers will be responsible for recalling the vehicles and bear the corresponding legal and economic responsibilities. Strictly implement the "Road Traffic Safety Law of the People's Republic of China" and other laws and regulations and relevant national standards, strictly implement vehicle registration, ensure the seriousness and accuracy of vehicle parameter calibration, and prevent "large tonnage and small labels" and other vehicles that do not meet national standards from driving on the road. Strengthen the development of monitoring networks. In conjunction with highway infrastructure construction, unified planning and rational layout shall be implemented to build a batch of standardized and regulated inspection stations for overloading and over-dimensioning that have passed metrological verification. A national monitoring network for overloaded and over-dimensioned vehicles shall be gradually formed to implement long-term and effective monitoring and inspection of such vehicles. | x |
Vehicle labelling
| Key points of automobile standardization work in 2025 | 2025 | Conduct preliminary research on carbon emission reduction technical standards such as electronic labeling for automotive products, use of recycled materials, and comprehensive utilization of scrapped automotive resources to provide support for automotive carbon emission management. | x |
Vehicle manufacturing
| Key points of automobile standardization work in 2025 | 2025 | Promote the review and approval of carbon emission accounting for engine manufacturers, scrapped motor vehicle recycling and dismantling companies, and carbon footprint standards for engine products. Accelerate the development of carbon emission accounting for vehicle manufacturers and carbon footprint standards for key products such as electric vehicles, power batteries, and drive motors. | x | ||||
| Financial Subsidy Policy for the Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles (2018) | 2018 | Break down local protectionism and establish a unified market. Local governments shall not take any form of local protection measures, including but not limited to setting up local catalogs or filing, restricting the issuance of subsidy funds, conducting repeated inspections of new energy vehicles, requiring manufacturers to set up factories locally, and requiring vehicle manufacturers to purchase local components. | x | ||||
| Mid- to Long-term Development Plan for the Automotive Industry | 2017 | Industrial foundation and advanced equipment are important supports for building a strong automobile country. Strengthen the foundation of safe and controllable automobile components, vigorously develop advanced manufacturing equipment, and enhance the collaborative integration capabilities of the entire industry chain. Strengthen the components supporting system. Relying on the industrial base strengthening project, concentrate superior resources to give priority to the development of core key components such as automatic transmissions and engine electronic control systems, and focus on breaking through bottlenecks such as generalization and modularization. Develop advanced automotive materials and manufacturing equipment. Encourage industry enterprises to strengthen the manufacturing technology of key components such as high-strength and lightweight bodies, key assemblies and their precision components, motors and electric drive systems, and carry out integrated innovation and engineering application of advanced manufacturing equipment such as automobile whole vehicle processes, key assemblies and components. Promote the R&D of advanced high-end manufacturing equipment. Accelerate the in-depth application of intelligent manufacturing support technologies such as 3D printing, virtual and augmented reality, the Internet of Things, big data, cloud computing, robots and their application systems in automobile manufacturing equipment. Promote the coordinated and efficient development of the entire industry chain. Build a new type of "complete vehicle-components" cooperation relationship, explore and optimize the cost-sharing and benefit-sharing cooperation mechanism of the industrial technology innovation alliance, encourage in-depth cooperation between key complete vehicle enterprises and superior parts enterprises in R&D and procurement, and establish a safe and controllable key parts supporting system. Promote the intelligent transformation and upgrading of enterprises and promote the coordinated development of the entire industrial chain. | x | ||||
| Circular of the General Office of the State Council on Strengthening the Control of Overloading and Overloading of Vehicles | 2008 | Regulate vehicle modification enterprises. Illegal vehicle modification enterprises shall be severely penalized according to law, resolutely banned, and publicly exposed. Enterprises that modify vehicles not in accordance with national regulations or beyond their approved scope shall immediately cease operations and rectify within a specified period. In regions where illegal modification is a serious problem, relevant departments shall take joint action to resolutely clean up the situation. Strictly control vehicle production and modification. Research and establish a system to strengthen supervision over vehicle production and modification enterprises, standardize vehicle production and modification practices, and ensure that vehicle production and modification enterprises strictly adhere to national standards when producing and modifying vehicles. The National Development and Reform Commission, in conjunction with relevant departments, shall research and formulate specific restrictive measures to strictly control these aspects at the source. | x |
Vehicle restrictions (import, age, access, sale, taxation)
| Action Plan for Energy Conservation and Carbon Reduction 2024-2025 | 2024 | Gradually cancel restrictions on the purchase of new energy vehicles in various places. | x | ||||
| Action plan to promote large-scale equipment renewals and consumer product trade-ins | 2024 | Optimize car purchase restrictions according to local conditions and promote the development of information interaction system for the management of the entire life cycle of automotive use. | x | ||||
| Circular of the General Office of the State Council on Strengthening the Control of Overloading and Overloading of Vehicles | 2008 | Strictly manage transport market access. Strictly implement the "Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Road Transport." Vehicles that do not meet national standards shall, without exception, not be issued vehicle operating permits and shall be prohibited from entering the transport market. A batch of high-performance vehicle models that align with the development direction of the road transport industry shall be announced, and measures such as preferential access shall be implemented to optimize the structure of transport vehicles. | x |
Vehicle scrappage scheme
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Integrated Development of Transportation and Energy | 2025 | Encourage container hubs and seaports to scrap and update new energy and clean energy container trucks in ports. promote the elimination and renewal of operating vehicles of National IV and below standards, | x | ||||
| Opinions on Further Improving Environmental Supervision of Motor Vehicles | 2025 | Strengthen the management of motor vehicle emission recalls. Strengthen the environmental protection responsibilities of motor vehicle manufacturers, and urge manufacturers to report information such as emission component failure repairs and technical service notifications in accordance with the law. Encourage manufacturers to strengthen the analysis of truck emission defects based on vehicle warranty, maintenance, remote monitoring and other information. Vehicles with design and production defects such as excessive emissions, lack of anti-tampering function of the control system, and lack of alarm function after the removal and destruction of pollution control devices shall be recalled by manufacturers on their own initiative. Establish a motor vehicle emission recall management system, comprehensively utilize reporting information, regular inspections, remote sensing monitoring, road inspections, black smoke capture, remote online and other data, analyze and count the information of models with concentrated excessive or illegal problems, screen clues of defective models, and promote manufacturers to implement emission recalls. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Energy Conservation and Carbon Reduction 2024-2025 | 2024 | Accelerate the elimination of old motor vehicles and improve the entry standards for energy consumption limits for operating vehicles. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Large-Scale Equipment Renewal in Transportation | 2024 | Accelerate the elimination and renewal of old diesel trucks. Support the elimination and renewal of old trucks. Encourage and guide road freight operators to accelerate the elimination and renewal of diesel trucks that meet the National III standard and below, and eliminate and update diesel trucks that meet the National IV standard ahead of schedule. Relying on the management of road transport vehicles that meet the standards, benchmark against international advanced levels, and continuously improve the energy-saving and low-carbon level of operating trucks. Support postal express delivery companies to eliminate and update a batch of transportation and terminal delivery vehicles. | x | ||||
| Action plan to promote large-scale equipment renewals and consumer product trade-ins | 2024 | Accelerate the elimination of diesel trucks operating under the National III emission standard or below. Strictly implement the mandatory scrapping standards for motor vehicles and vehicle safety and environmental inspection standards, and eliminate old cars that meet the mandatory scrapping standards in accordance with laws and regulations. Optimize the layout of scrapped car recycling and dismantling enterprises, and promote the door-to-door car pick-up service. Continue to implement the renewal subsidy for old operating vehicles and vessel, and support the renewal of old vessels, diesel trucks, etc. | x | ||||
| Implementation Plan for Promoting Low-Carbon Development in the Railway Industry | 2024 | Gradually eliminate old vehicles with long service life, high energy consumption and substandard emissions, as well as air-conditioned power generators, on-board coal-fired equipment, and large-scale high-energy-consuming operating equipment. | x | ||||
| China's Energy Transition | 2024 | It has adopted motor vehicle emission standards that align with advanced international levels, phasing out vehicles that do not meet the National IV or higher level emission standards. | x | ||||
| The People's Republicof ChinaThird Biennial Update Reporton Climate Change | 2023 | China is working to eliminate outdated and energy-intensive vehicles and ships. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Accelerate the elimination of existing non-standard trucks, strictly control the access of new freight vehicles, and improve the inherent safety level of freight vehicles. Encourage local governments to take measures such as economic compensation, restricted use, and strengthened supervision and law enforcement to promote the renewal and elimination of high-emission operating vehicles. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year" National Road Traffic Safety Plan | 2022 | Promote the withdrawal of sleeper buses and buses with more than 57 seats that do not meet the vehicle safety technical requirements and reach the scrap standard from the market in accordance with the law. Promote low-bed trailers to withdraw from the bulk cargo transportation market. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Pollution control for vehicles and ships with excessive emissions. Establish and improve a closed-loop management mechanism for vehicle emissions. Accelerate the elimination of old vehicles with high energy consumption and high emissions, comprehensively improve the design and operation efficiency of ships, and encourage the purchase of low-energy consumption and low-emission transport equipment. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Highways | 2021 | Promote pollution control for commercial vehicles. Launch the "Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction Campaign" in road transport, continue to accelerate the early phase-out and replacement of diesel trucks that meet China III or lower emission standards, and expedite the promotion and application of commercial vehicles that meet China VI emission standards. Fully implement the Inspection and Maintenance (I/M) program for vehicle emissions, establish a closed-loop joint prevention and control mechanism for high-emission vehicles, and strengthen emission inspection and maintenance management for in-use vehicles. | x | ||||
| Comprehensive work plan for energy conservation and emission reduction in the 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Take the lead in phasing out old vehicles and prioritizing the procurement and use of energy-saving and new energy vehicles. | x | ||||
| Opinions on Strengthening the Protection of Truck Drivers' Rights and Interests | 2021 | Carry out the qualification accrediation of scrapped motor vehicle recycling and dismantling enterprises in accordance with the law and in an orderly manner, support qualified enterprises in obtaining qualifications, and improve the scrapped motor vehicle recycling and utilization system. | x | ||||
| About accelerating the transformation and upgrading of the road freight industry | 2019 | Actively and steadily eliminate old diesel trucks. Carry out special treatment of tank trucks for transporting liquid dangerous goods at normal pressure. Encourage local governments to formulate early elimination and renewal targets and implementation plans for operating diesel trucks and gas vehicles, and provide appropriate subsidies for early elimination of medium and heavy diesel trucks, high-consumption and low-efficiency non-standard car trains and tank trucks and other old diesel trucks. Study to support the early elimination of old diesel trucks in key areas. | x | ||||
| Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Nation | 2019 | Accelerate the elimination of backward technologies and high-consumption and low-efficiency transportation equipment. |
Vehicle taxes
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Highways | 2021 | Vehicle purchase tax (VPT) expenditures will be primarily allocated to projects under the central and shared fiscal authority, such as national expressways, ordinary national highways, and cross-border river bridges (and tunnels). The Ministry of Transport will establish a national project pool and provide funding on a project-by-project basis. For projects under local fiscal authority—such as provincial highways and rural roads—VPT will support them through a “reward instead of subsidy” approach. Optimize vehicle purchase tax investment policies. Following the principles of "problem-oriented, responsibilities-based, strengthened coordination, and positive guidance," optimize and adjust differentiated vehicle purchase tax investment policies to ensure the smooth implementation of national expressway construction tasks, further increase efforts to address shortcomings in ordinary national highways, and fully demonstrate the effective integration of consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation with rural revitalization. Continue to provide preferential support to Tibet, Tibetan-inhabited prefectures and counties, the four prefectures in southern Xinjiang, and western China, and strengthen policy support for key counties in the national rural revitalization program. Strengthen the prevention and control of industry debt risks, live within one's means, and guide local governments through planning and policies to reasonably control the pace of highway infrastructure construction, find the balance between stabilizing investment and preventing risks, and prevent new hidden debt risks of local governments. | x | ||||
| Circular of the General Office of the State Council on Strengthening the Control of Overloading and Overloading of Vehicles | 2008 | Strengthen economic adjustment measures. The current standards and methods for collecting vehicle tolls and road maintenance fees shall be promptly adjusted and improved to reduce the toll standards and transport costs for legally operating vehicles. The development of efficient and safe vehicle models shall be encouraged. | x |
Vessel scrappage and retrofit
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Integrated Development of Transportation and Energy | 2025 | Scrap and update old operating ships with high energy consumption and high emissions, and vigorously support the development of new energy and clean energy powered ships. | x | ||||
| Opinions on promoting high-quality development of inland waterway transportation | 2025 | Accelerate the scrapping and renewal of old operating ships, vigorously develop specialized transport ships such as container and commercial vehicle roll-on/roll-off, and optimize the ship capacity structure. Accelerate the elimination of high-energy-consuming and high-emission old transport ships, and study and formulate the "Ship Exhaust Smoke Limits and Measurement Methods". | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Energy Conservation and Carbon Reduction 2024-2025 | 2024 | Promote the scrapping and renewal of old transport ships, and promote the pilot project of electrification transformation of coastal and inland ships. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Large-Scale Equipment Renewal in Transportation | 2024 | Accelerate the scrapping and renewal of old transport ships with high energy consumption and high emissions. Support the accelerated scrapping and renewal of old ships over 10 years old for inland passenger ships, 15 years old for cargo ships, and 15 years old for coastal passenger ships and 20 years old for cargo ships. Strengthen the supervision of ship fuel quality, improve the monitoring system of ship air pollutants, and implement the monitoring and supervision demonstration project of ship air pollutant emission control areas. Encourage regions with conditions to establish a mechanism for the withdrawal of existing fuel-powered ships. | x | ||||
| Action plan to promote large-scale equipment renewals and consumer product trade-ins | 2024 | Accelerate the scrapping and renewal of old ships with high energy consumption and high emissions. Continue to implement the renewal subsidy for old operating vehicles and vessel, and support the renewal of old vessels, diesel trucks, etc. | x | ||||
| The People's Republicof ChinaThird Biennial Update Reporton Climate Change | 2023 | China is working to eliminate outdated and energy-intensive vehicles and ships. | x | ||||
| China's Green Development in the New Era | 2023 | China has also updated the pollutant discharge standards gas (LNG) powered boats and transformation of shore power facilities, and accelerated the transformation or elimination of obsolete vehicles and boats. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Optimize the scale and structure of the shipping fleet, develop a fleet of liquefied natural gas ships, and further improve the international competitiveness of container, crude oil, dry bulk, and special transport fleets. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Pollution control for vehicles and ships with excessive emissions. Establish and improve a closed-loop management mechanism for vehicle emissions. Accelerate the elimination of old vehicles with high energy consumption and high emissions, comprehensively improve the design and operation efficiency of ships, and encourage the purchase of low-energy consumption and low-emission transport equipment. | x | ||||
| Green Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2022 | Strictly implement the mandatory ship scrapping system, and encourage early elimination of high-pollution, high-energy-consuming old transport ships. Carry out the transformation and installation of anti-pollution facilities for inland ships with a gross tonnage of less than 400 tons in a graded, classified and zoned manner. | x | ||||
| 14th Five Year Development Plan for Water Transport | 2021 | Actively promote the standardization of inland waterway transport vessels, explore the optimization of regional standard ship types, and simplify ship type standards. Promote the standardization of ro-ro passenger ferries in key regions, and develop standard ship types for Yangtze River cruise transport. Support various regions in studying and implementing policies to ensure priority passage for container ships and ships using clean energy. Support shipping companies in accelerating ship capacity adjustments, guide the development of specialized transport vessels such as container ships, ro-ro commercial vehicle ships, and heavy-lift vessels, and improve macroeconomic regulation policies for the passenger and dangerous goods transport markets. Encourage shipping companies to increase investment in scientific research and promote the development of intelligent ships. Coordinate and promote key core technology research, including the manufacturing of high-power LNG engines and low-speed, high-power diesel engines, and the design and construction of high-tech ships such as large cruise ships and LNG transport vessels. Promote the development and widespread application of river-to-sea vessels, and encourage the use of Beidou terminals on ships and emergency equipment. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan | 2021 | Promote the research and development and application of CR450 high-speed Chinese standard EMUs, pedigree Chinese standard subway trains, high-end machine tools, advanced engineering machinery, key components of nuclear power units, cruise ships, large LNG ships and deep-sea oil and gas production platforms. | x | ||||
| Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030 ('1+N') | 2021 | We will work faster to upgrade old ships, and develop ships fueled by electric power and liquefied natural gas. | x | ||||
| Outline for the Development of Inland Waterway Transport | 2020 | Promote the development of standardized and specialized transport ships. Continue to promote the standardization of ship types, promote the unification of standards for transport ships in water systems or regions, and guide the existing non-standard ships to gradually withdraw from the shipping market. | x |
X-minute city concept for accessibility
| Five-Year Action Plan to Accelerate the Construction of a Strong Transportation Nation (2023-2027) | 2023 | Promote the integrated development of urban agglomeration transportation and actively create a one-hour “door-to-door” commuting circle. | |||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | By 2025, the construction of the "National 123 Travel and Transportation Circle" (1-hour commuting in urban areas, 2-hour access to urban clusters, and 3-hour coverage of major cities). Build a large-capacity, high-efficiency inter-city rapid passenger transport service based on high-speed rail and aviation, and basically realize a two-hour transportation circle within the urban agglomeration. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | The integrated transportation network of key urban agglomerations and the one-hour commuting network of metropolitan areas have been accelerated. Focusing on urban agglomerations such as the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Chengdu-Chongqing, and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, we will use rail transit and highways as the backbone to enhance the function of intercity transportation channels, strengthen rapid direct connections between core cities, build a multi-node, networked intercity transportation network, and achieve 2-hour accessibility between major cities within the urban clusters. | |||||
| Planning Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network (2021-2035) | 2021 | By 2035, "National 123 Travel Circle" will be basically achieved (1-hour commuting in urban areas, 2-hour access to urban clusters, and 3-hour coverage of major cities across the country). Except for some remote areas, it will basically be achieve that the county-level administrative center can reach the national highway in 15 minutes, the expressway in 30 minutes, and the railway in 60 minutes. The city-level administrative center can reach the high-speed railway in 45 minutes and the airport in 60 minutes. The same-day accessibility between prefecture-level cities will be basically achieved. The percentage of population served with the rapid transport service within 1 hour : More than 80%. The accessibility rate from the central urban area to the comprehensive passenger transport hub within half an hour: More than 90%. | x | ||||
| Sustainable Development of Transport in China | 2020 | The National 1-2-3 Travel Circle (one hour to commute in cities, two hours to travel within city clusters, and three hours to travel between major domestic cities) and the Global 1-2-3 Logistics Circle (one day to deliver within China, two days to deliver to neighboring countries, and three days to deliver to major global cities) will take initial shape, providing convenient combined transport of passengers, and economical and efficient multimodal transport of goods. |
eVTOL and Drones
| Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Integrated Development of Transportation and Energy | 2025 | Promote the use of new energy postal express delivery vehicles, and increase the promotion and application of drones and unmanned vehicles on the premise of ensuring safety. Promote the use of new energy postal express delivery vehicles, and increase the promotion and application of drones and unmanned vehicles on the premise of ensuring safety. | x | x | |||
| Action Plan for Improving Transportation Standards (2024-2027) | 2024 | Promote the development of low-altitude economy. Develop standards for drone logistics infrastructure construction, improve standards related to unmanned logistics and distribution, and accelerate the large-scale implementation of innovative drone application scenarios. Develop standards for drone logistics infrastructure construction, improve standards related to unmanned logistics and distribution, and accelerate the large-scale implementation of innovative drone application scenarios. | x | ||||
| Guidance on implementing vigorous renewable energy substitution actions | 2024 | Promote the application of sustainable aviation fuel and carry out pilot operations of electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft. carry out pilot operations of electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft. | x | ||||
| Implementation Opinions on Promoting the Innovation and Development of Future Industries | 2024 | Focusing on the future needs of smart air traffic, we will accelerate the development and application of electric vertical take-off and landing aircraft (eVTOL), intelligent and efficient aviation logistics equipment, etc. | x | ||||
| Implementation Plan for Innovative Application of General Aviation Equipment (2024-2030) | 2024 | Carry out professional talent training such as eVTOL pilots and operators, and promote the formation of norms in the fields of consistent driving and control of emerging aviation equipment and technical training of pilots. Build a drone quality assurance and safety verification system, strengthen the safety and reliability assessment and verification of industrial-grade drones and eVTOLs, and promote the formation of a number of industrial standards to support airworthiness certification. Support the research of low-altitude logistics solutions, explore new models of smart logistics, promote the networking of large-scale drone branch logistics, and the large-scale application of drone delivery in emerging scenarios such as cities, rural areas, mountainous areas, and islands, and promote the development of an air logistics and distribution network. | x | ||||
| "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Plan for Comprehensive Transportation Services | 2022 | Promote the development of new models such as drone (autonomous vehicles) delivery, intelligent distribution, contactless delivery, and instant direct delivery. | x | x | x | x | x |
| 14th Five Year Plan for Aviation Logistics | 2022 | cooperate with relevant departments to optimize the approval process of drone logistics airspace and flight activities and the approval process of drone logistics operation certificates, and provide support for the construction of a general aviation logistics system. Innovate the management model of drone, accelerate the formation of a "social management + industry management" pattern, form a safe, efficient, smooth and sustainable civil drone operation management service system, and promote the "seamless" integration of civil drone into the national airspace system. Explore the construction of a general aviation logistics network, give full play to the cost and efficiency advantages of drone logistics, expand the drone trunk-branch-communication distribution network in areas with inconvenient transportation, improve regional fast delivery and instant services, explore and promote general aviation logistics pilot projects in suitable areas, assist in "express delivery to villages", extend the rural logistics service network, and promote the inter-provincial connectivity, city-county connectivity, and urban-rural balance of the general aviation logistics network. | x | ||||
| 14th Five-Year Plan Modern Comprehensive Transportation System Development Plan | 2022 | Promote unmanned vehicles and drones for transportation and delivery, and steadily develop contactless delivery services. | x | x | x | ||
| "14th Five-Year" Civil Aviation Development Plan | 2021 | Encourage the expansion of drone applications and support their use in postal express logistics, urban public services, emergency rescue, public health, and other fields. Promote the promotion and application of drones in urban, rural, and remote areas, integrate them into the county, township, and village three-tier logistics network system, and serve the modernization of agriculture and rural areas. | x | x | |||
| Digital Transportation "14th Five-Year" Development Plan | 2021 | Build and improve automated sorting facilities, unmanned warehousing, autonomous vehicles and drone delivery, smart express boxes, smart letter and parcel boxes, smart cold chain infrastructure, etc. | x | x | x | ||
| Outline for the Development of Inland Waterway Transport | 2020 | Establish and improve the inland waterway emergency rescue command system, improve the layout planning and construction of water transportation safety supervision and rescue systems, strengthen the promotion and application of new equipment and technologies such as drones and underwater robots, | x |
Disclaimer
The Asian Transport Observatory (ATO) project collects, collates, and organizes data from publicly available official, as well as reputable and peer-reviewed secondary sources, which may contain incomplete or inconsistent data. It is important to note that the ATO does not generate data. Changes in the methodologies used in the sources, and changes in the values due to such changes may not necessarily be highlighted in this specific document. Moreover, while the ATO carries out quality control and assurance of whether the data are truthfully reflected in the ATO, the ATO does not make any warranties or representations as to the appropriateness, quality, accuracy, or completeness of the data in the ATO databases, and in the knowledge products that are produced from such. Users are encouraged to scrutinize, verify, interpret, and judge the data before utilizing them. For the profiles, please note that we utilize the 3-letter codes from ISO due to the global nature of some of the figures. All insights are grounded in ATO national, urban, and policy databases. To ensure professional excellence, human-generated texts undergo AI-assisted refinement for grammar and clarity. Editorial judgment and content responsibility remain fully with the ATO, and AI is not used for autonomous content generation.
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