Samoa Transport and Climate Profile 2026
Outline
SAMOA
TRANSPORT AND CLIMATE PROFILE
Supported by:
Transport and Climate Change
Transport Energy Consumption
Adaptation and Resilience
Other Externalities
Vehicle Fleet
Urban Transport
Transport Investments
Transport and Climate Policy Documents
Distribution of Transport and Climate Policy Measures in Policy Documents
National Policy Priorities on Transport
Direct GHG Targets
These tables contains transport-relevant (e.g. economy-wide; sector-specific) GHG emissions targets as explicitly mentioned in the policy documents.
Economy-wide GHG emissions mandates
| Samoa's Second Nationally Determined Contribution | 2021 | reduction by 26% in 2030 compared to 2007 levels. Reduce GHG emissions in the energy sector by 30% in 2030 compared to the 2007 levels | 2030 |
Indirect Transport Climate Change Targets
These tables show non-GHG targets as specified in the policy documents which indirectly benefit climate change mitigation and adaptation in the transport sector.
Renewable energy
| Samoa NDC | 2016 | 100% Renewable energy target for electricity generation through to the year 2025 | 2025 |
Transport and Climate Policy Measures
These tables list the policy measures that relate to climate change mitigation and adaptation in the transport sector that had been identified in the transport policy documents.
Active mobility - General
| Sustainable Land Use and Mobility Plan | 2025 | Develop an inclusive cycling pilot programme in targeted villages to diminish the use of cars for short distances (with the provision of bike lanes, locks, and training) with a focus on youth learning and uptake. Incorporate safe facilities for walking and cycling, including streetlights, into the design for all new roads or road upgrade projects. | x | ||||
| Energy Sector Plan 2017-2022 | 2017 | conduct awareness on car polling and non motorized vehicles | x | ||||
| Samoa National Infrastructure Strategic Plan | 2011 | road safety works, especially improving safety for pedestrians on major roads linking to key activity centres (hospital, schools, etc) (T$6M program)7 and for traffic on the Upolu Cross-island Road through Vailima (T$30M) | x |
Active transport infrastructure expansion and improvement
| Climate Action Pathways for Island Transport (CAP-IT) Samoa Decarbonisation Strategy for Samoa's Transport Sector until 2030 | 2025 | Walking and Cycling Paths | x | ||||
| Samoa Energy sector plan FY2023/24 – FY2027/28 | 2023 | The increase of footpaths and the implementation of associated traffic safety systems | x |
Adaptation-related education and training
| Samoa Climate Resilient Transport Project | 2018 | Licensing segment will explore impacts on: (i) opportunity and economy, (ii) social outcomes (empowerment, education, health), (iii) community resilience (emergency response, disasters). | x | x | x |
Airport infrastructure improvement
| Transport and Infrastructure Sector Plan | 2023 | Develop Faleolo International Airport (FIA) to reach its maximum potential in facilitating international connectivity Improve airport emergency and security scanning equipment Ensure domestic Airports are operational. Strategize to maximize business opportunities that will arise out of future airport developments. Determine the life span of Faleolo International Airport and recommend options for the continuation of International Aviation Services Improve domestic aviation services. Strengthen Business direction and capacity of Samoa's Air Subsector. | x | ||||
| Pathway for Development of Samoa FY2021/22-FY2025/26 | 2021 | upgrades to airport and wharf facilities, and improvements to the quality of sea and air transport links between islands and countries | x | ||||
| Development Strategy 2020 | 2016 | upgrading of Faleolo International airport, West Coast Road, Apia port and other wharfs to islands | x |
Alternative fuels - General
| Samoa's Second Nationally Determined Contribution | 2021 | Pilot the use of biodiesel on one of Samoa's freight or passenger vessels | x |
Aviation safety
| Transport and Infrastructure Sector Plan | 2023 | Uphold safety and security of aviation services through strict compliance with set standards and recommended practices. Strengthen compliance of vessels with national & international requirements. | x | ||||
| Ministry of Works, Transport and Infrastructure Corporate Plan | 2019 | coordinate and conduct of annual safety audits and inspections of air operators, aircraft maintenance and airworthiness of aircraft by ICAO recognized Safety Auditors | x |
Battery life cycle management
| Sustainable Land Use and Mobility Plan | 2025 | Adopt recommendations for the handling of end-of-life batteries from the Electric Vehicles Standards for the Pacific produced by the Pacific Regional Infrastructure Forum. Develop an appropriate product stewardship scheme that covers EV batteries with consideration of other Pacific nations and existing schemes such as in New Zealand. | x | ||||
| Transport and Infrastructure Sector Plan | 2023 | xplore technical, policy, infrastructural and technological solutions for safe disposal and recycling of EV batteries | x |
Bike sharing
| Climate Action Pathways for Island Transport (CAP-IT) Samoa Decarbonisation Strategy for Samoa's Transport Sector until 2030 | 2025 | Electric Bike Shared Mobility | x |
Biofuels
| Pathway for Development of Samoa FY2021/22-FY2025/26 | 2021 | In parallel to the shift to renewable energy, policies and plans for transport energy will be strengthened to increase substitution of petroleum fuels with biodiesels and biofuels and increase application of hybrid and electric vehicles. | x | ||||
| Samoa's Second Nationally Determined Contribution | 2021 | Pilot the use of biodiesel on one of Samoa's freight or passenger vessels | x |
Budget/ identification of shipping projects
| Samoa National Infrastructure Strategic Plan | 2011 | Investment programs based on the finding of the National Ports Plan,. Continue SAA investments in safety and security system to ensure ongoing compliance with international requirements. | x | x |
Budget/ identification of transport asset management projects
| Assets Management Policy Framework | 2024 | Expenditure subsequent to the acquisition of an asset is to be classified as either Enhancement/Rehabilitation or Maintenance/Refurbishment expenditure. | x | x | x | ||
| LTA Corporate Plan 2020 | 2017 | Allocate a minimum $35m annually for road maintenance | x |
Bus route and service improvement
| Climate Action Pathways for Island Transport (CAP-IT) Samoa Decarbonisation Strategy for Samoa's Transport Sector until 2030 | 2025 | New Electric Express Bus Routes | x |
Capacity building - General
| Transport and Infrastructure Sector Plan | 2023 | Strengthen the Sector's capacity. Promote and lend support for local tertiary institutes to provide formal education qualifications and vocational trainings for technically required skill sets. Strengthen national road safety management capacity. | x | x | x | ||
| Samoa Infrastructure Asset Management Strategy | 2022 | Onsite support to establish appropriate survey program (roughness and surface condition) and train staff. Capacity development and training support be organised and delivered the MWTI Asset Management Resilience Office . | x | x | x | ||
| Samoa Second Voluntary National Review 2020 | 2020 | Compliance with international standards and enhanced capacity and improved infra - structure and facilities at airport and ports support trade, tourism, and connectivity | x | x | |||
| Ministry of Works, Transport and Infrastructure Corporate Plan | 2019 | Maritime: increase capacity and performance of technical staff Land transport: review and ammend principle legislation to reflect key regulatory roles and functions of the division under MWTI | x | ||||
| Energy Sector Plan 2017-2022 | 2017 | enhance capacity building. End user focused delivery of services is strengthened | x | x | x | ||
| LTA Corporate Plan 2020 | 2017 | Capacity building & professional development program (Board of Directors) | x | ||||
| Samoa National Infrastructure Strategic Plan | 2011 | Strengthen the capacity of Government and infrastructure managers to prepare and evaluate the business case for proposed infrastructure investments | x | x | x |
Capacity building and education for disaster preparedness and recovery in transport
| Samoa National Disaster Management Plan 2017 - 2020 | 2017 | Coordinate drills and simulation exercises to test readiness of the Transport Sector to provide a coordinated response to disasters. Ensure readiness of all Transport facilities and services to achieve service continuity immediately after impact. Mobilise resources for immediate restoration of transport services infrastructure | x | x | x |
Climate-informed design standards
| Transport and Infrastructure Sector Plan | 2023 | Develop, regulate, and enforce national standards to guarantee climate resilience and safety of road infrastructures | x | ||||
| LTA Corporate Plan 2020 | 2017 | Incorporate climate change adaptation and mitigation considerations in the design and construction of transport infrastructure | x | ||||
| Samoa National Disaster Management Plan 2017 - 2020 | 2017 | Update codes/standards to include resilience and build back better design principles | x |
Coordinate planning across government agencies
| Transport and Infrastructure Sector Plan | 2023 | Align Sector Agencies Plans to reflect National priorities | x | x | x | ||
| Ministry of Works, Transport and Infrastructure Corporate Plan | 2019 | strengthen coordination through governance framework wihtin the Sector | x | x | x |
Data collection and repositories - General
| Assets Management Policy Framework | 2024 | All individual assets must be properly recorded in the Centralised Asset Register against the relevant controlling ministry/entity. | x | x | x | ||
| Samoa Climate Change Policy 2020-2030 | 2020 | Updating and digitizing the national GHG inventories targeting the main sources of GHG emissions Reducing GHG emissions through 3.1.1 Transport Sector (land, aviation and maritime) | x | x | x | ||
| Ministry of Works, Transport and Infrastructure Corporate Plan | 2019 | improve data collection from vessel and port operators | x | ||||
| Energy Sector Plan 2017-2022 | 2017 | effective and reliable database management system and dissemination of information | x | x | x | ||
| LTA Corporate Plan 2020 | 2017 | All construction related changes to road asset data are entered into SAMS within 60 days of substantial completion of the physical works. | x |
Development of aviation plan/policy
| Ministry of Works, Transport and Infrastructure Corporate Plan | 2019 | enabling legal environment to give full effect to ICAO standards and applicable Recommended Practices (SARPs): Ensure national laws comply with the Chicago Convention and any ammenments thereof | x | ||||
| Samoa National Infrastructure Strategic Plan | 2011 | Complete SAA Airports Master Plan to provide a roadmap for airport investment over the next 10-20 years | x |
Development of climate change/ low carbon plan/ policy
| Samoa Second Voluntary National Review 2020 | 2020 | With the aim for more ambitious climate action, the newly established “Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions Plan” (NAMA) focuses mainly on reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the Transport Sector. | x | x | x |
Development of national energy plan/ policy
| Samoa Second Voluntary National Review 2020 | 2020 | The project also involves the development of the draft Energy Management Bill with provisions for transport and energy efficiency | x | x | x | ||
| National Environment Sector Plan (NESP) 2017 ‐ 2021 | 2017 | Develop policy on greater Energy Efficiency on Transport Sector | x | x | x |
Development of other transport-related plan/ policy
| Transport and Infrastructure Sector Plan | 2023 | In-collaboration with other government authorities, develop a long-term plan for urban/CBD and other township infrastructural developments | x | x |
Development of road plan/ policy
| Transport and Infrastructure Sector Plan | 2023 | A 5-10-year-old Master Plan for road infrastructure including traffic counts, roughness surface index, and vulnerability assessment formalized. Conduct a study to inform a road long-term plan for alternative routes new arterial routes and arterial extensions to improve accessibility and mobility. | x |
Development of shipping/ maritime/ inland water transport (IWT) plan/ policy
| Transport and Infrastructure Sector Plan | 2023 | Strengthen legislations and policies in support of a well governed Sea Subsector | x | ||||
| Samoa National Infrastructure Strategic Plan | 2011 | Prepare a National Ports Plan and implement the recommendations. In particular, this port development roadmap should guide further investment in terms of staging of port upgrades for international cargo shipping; and infrastructure priorities for serving the cruise ship market (in conjunction with the Samoa Tourism Authority). | x |
Development of transport asset management plan/policy
| Assets Management Policy Framework | 2024 | Each Sector must develop an Asset Management Strategy while each Ministry with must develop an asset management plan for the management of its non-financial assets, including mitigation of asset financial risks. The Sector's Asset Management Strategy should include the following elements: a) Identification of the organisation's current and future service needs and standards; b) Consideration of the different means of service delivery available for those services; c) the approach to managing the organisation's assets and other resources to effectively and efficiently deliver those services; and d) the approach to evaluating and monitoring asset performance and risks to assets and service delivery. Each asset or class of assets is to have an asset maintenance plan that is included as part of the Asset Management Plan. Asset performance monitoring and continuous improvement strategies must also be incorporated into the asset management plan. | x | x | x | ||
| Samoa Infrastructure Asset Management Strategy | 2022 | The main objective of this initiative is to ensure Climate Adaptation is integrated into asset management policies and strategies: ▪ MWTI AMRO will coordinate this integration | x | x | x | ||
| LTA Corporate Plan 2020 | 2017 | Update any amendment on the Road maintenance program | x | ||||
| Development Strategy 2020 | 2016 | The road maintenance program will continue | x | ||||
| Samoa National Infrastructure Strategic Plan | 2011 | Prepare and implement a National Asset Management Policy, which also includes analysis of options and guidance on options for financing of sustainable maintenance. Strengthen Sector and Project planning and evaluation guidelines to require that: - demand-side management is considered as an integral part of long-term strategic planning and an alternative to build/buy responses - innovative approaches and noninfrastructure solutions are considered as an alternative to build/buy responses. | x | x | x |
Development of transport plan/ policy
| Transport and Infrastructure Sector Plan | 2023 | Strengthen legislations and policies to support and improve the Sector and Sector Agencies' performances and services | x | x | x | ||
| Ministry of Works, Transport and Infrastructure Corporate Plan | 2019 | establish, maintain, and implement a policy framework for land transport that enables LTA to provide a safe, efficient and effective national road and drainage network for Samoa. | x |
Driver licensing
| Energy Sector Plan 2017-2022 | 2017 | Ensure relevant legislations are reviewed. - exhaust emissions regulation, new licensing structure for Evs | x | ||||
| LTA Corporate Plan 2020 | 2017 | Maintain and improve Driver License System (DLS). | x |
EV - General
| Climate Action Pathways for Island Transport (CAP-IT) Samoa Decarbonisation Strategy for Samoa's Transport Sector until 2030 | 2025 | Replacement of Government Vehicles with Electric/ Hybrid. Replace Rentals with Electric/ Hybrid. Replacement of Private Vehicles with Electric. | x | ||||
| Sustainable Land Use and Mobility Plan | 2025 | Introduce policy amendments to promote the purchase of EVs or low emissions vehicles for the Government fleet. | x | ||||
| Transport and Infrastructure Sector Plan | 2023 | Support accessible electrification of vehicles targeting public transport and public service delivery vehicles based on country needs assessment. | x | ||||
| Pathway for Development of Samoa FY2021/22-FY2025/26 | 2021 | In parallel to the shift to renewable energy, policies and plans for transport energy will be strengthened to increase substitution of petroleum fuels with biodiesels and biofuels and increase application of hybrid and electric vehicles. | x | ||||
| Samoa's Second Nationally Determined Contribution | 2021 | electrification of vehicles | x | ||||
| Samoa Second Voluntary National Review 2020 | 2020 | Electric vehicles have been introduced such as the six (6) e-scooters used by the Lands Transport Authority | x |
EV charging infrastructure
| Sustainable Land Use and Mobility Plan | 2025 | Adopt EV charging infrastructure standards in line with the Electric Vehicles Standards for the Pacific - Pacific Regional Infrastructure Forum. Introduce time-of-use pricing to steer EV charging to the times of day when there is sufficient capacity in the grid. Prepare for smart charging solutions that optimise energy use and grid stability, such as demand-response programs and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) integration. Assess the optimal locations for EV chargers to provide a backbone public charging network. Implement a programme to roll out public EV chargers incorporating several types of chargers (slow and fast) to meet diverse needs. Identify suitable EV voluntary standards that can be used to provide best practice advice to consumers and EV charger providers on the charging and installation of EV chargers at residential and commercial premises. | x | ||||
| Transport and Infrastructure Sector Plan | 2023 | Design and install an accessible public solar-charging station network. | x | ||||
| Pathway for Development of Samoa FY2021/22-FY2025/26 | 2021 | renewable energy-fuelled charging stations for electric vehicles | x |
EV in freight
| Climate Action Pathways for Island Transport (CAP-IT) Samoa Decarbonisation Strategy for Samoa's Transport Sector until 2030 | 2025 | Replace Small Trucks with Electric/ Hybrid | x |
EV in public transport
| Climate Action Pathways for Island Transport (CAP-IT) Samoa Decarbonisation Strategy for Samoa's Transport Sector until 2030 | 2025 | Replacement of Wooden Buses with Electric. Replacement of Taxis with Electric/ Hybrid | x |
EV in water transport
| Climate Action Pathways for Island Transport (CAP-IT) Samoa Decarbonisation Strategy for Samoa's Transport Sector until 2030 | 2025 | Replace a ferry with a new lowemission electric vessel | x |
EV pilot projects
| Sustainable Land Use and Mobility Plan | 2025 | Pilot trials of 50 e-bikes and 5 e-minibuses | x | ||||
| Samoa Energy sector plan FY2023/24 – FY2027/28 | 2023 | Conduct Assessment on pilot use of Electric Vehicles in Samoa. The Sector will also conduct public awareness campaigns aimed at disseminating information on the usage of Electric Vehicles. | x |
Ecodriving
| Energy Sector Plan 2017-2022 | 2017 | promote GHG abatement through energy efficiency awareness and mechanisms such as car pooling | x |
Education and behavior change - General
| Samoa Energy sector plan FY2023/24 – FY2027/28 | 2023 | The Sector will also conduct public awareness campaigns aimed at disseminating information on the usage of Electric Vehicles | x | ||||
| Transport and Infrastructure Sector Plan | 2023 | Strengthen public awareness of the Sector's contribution to the nation, Sector government agencies and private sector partnerships', Sector's future plans, and what the Sector offers in terms of business and employment opportunities. Strengthen collaboration, networking and awareness amongst Land Transport stakeholders. | x | x | x | ||
| Energy Sector Plan 2017-2022 | 2017 | conduct awareness on car polling and non motorized vehicles | x |
Employment in transport, communication, and storage
| Transport and Infrastructure Sector Plan | 2023 | Review Samoa's shipping registry arrangements for a new intervention to increase business AND employment opportunities |
Express lanes/ public transport priority
| Sustainable Land Use and Mobility Plan | 2025 | Enable bus priority lanes to be established through regulation/legislation - Undertake a feasibility study to determine the potential impact of priority lanes, and implement if favourable | x |
Financial instruments to support decarbonisation - General
| Sustainable Land Use and Mobility Plan | 2025 | Design and roll out an incentive scheme to promote the conversion to EVs by low- and middle-income households. Design a comprehensive vehicle taxation/ import duty/ registration fee framework which is based on individual vehicle GHG emissions. Design a comprehensive vehicle taxation/ import duty/ registration fee framework which is based on individual vehicle GHG emissions. | x |
Green shipping program
| Samoa's Second Nationally Determined Contribution | 2021 | Develop shore side electricity supply for vessels and reviewing the energy efficiency of maritime transport | x |
Incentives for EVs and components
| Sustainable Land Use and Mobility Plan | 2025 | Design and roll out an incentive scheme to promote the conversion to EVs by low- and middle-income households. Design and roll out an incentive scheme to promote the conversion to EVs by households with mobility-impaired members. | x | ||||
| Energy Sector Plan 2017-2022 | 2017 | EV incentives initiated | x |
Infrastructure improvements - General
| Pathway for Development of Samoa FY2021/22-FY2025/26 | 2021 | improve the quality of transport networks, bringing people and families closer together and bridging the gap between businesses and their markets | x | ||||
| Development Strategy 2020 | 2016 | upgrading of Faleolo International airport, West Coast Road, Apia port and other wharfs to islands | x | x | x |
Inland waterways (IWT) improvement - General
| Pathway for Development of Samoa FY2021/22-FY2025/26 | 2021 | upgrades to airport and wharf facilities, and improvements to the quality of sea and air transport links between islands and countries | x | ||||
| Development Strategy 2020 | 2016 | upgrading of Faleolo International airport, West Coast Road, Apia port and other wharfs to islands | x |
Innovations and digitalization - General
| Samoa Climate Change Policy 2020-2030 | 2020 | Updating and digitizing the national GHG inventories targeting the main sources of GHG emissions Reducing GHG emissions through 3.1.1 Transport Sector (land, aviation and maritime) | x | x | x | ||
| LTA Corporate Plan 2020 | 2017 | training program for staff induction, new legislations, new processes, motor vehicle process, IT new system upgrade, Customer service | x |
Investment required for specific projects
| Samoa Infrastructure Asset Management Strategy | 2022 | Document risk, resilience and climate adaptation requirements including any investment required | x | x | x |
Investment volume for transport
| Samoa National Infrastructure Strategic Plan | 2011 | Reduced need for infrastructure investment. | x | x | x |
Maritime Safety
| Transport and Infrastructure Sector Plan | 2023 | Ensure the existence of safety navigation policies for Ports & Shipping companies. | x | ||||
| Ministry of Works, Transport and Infrastructure Corporate Plan | 2019 | Samoa complies and continue to meet international maritime requirements of safety and security for all maritime transportation and related activities. | x |
Micromobility - General
| Samoa's Second Nationally Determined Contribution | 2021 | shared electric micro mobility | x |
National speed law
| Transport and Infrastructure Sector Plan | 2023 | Review speed limits in targeted road sections and strengthen enforcement capacity of the Police | x | ||||
| Samoa National Road Code | 2020 | Samoan law says NO person shall drive any motor vehicle at such a speed that the vehicle cannot be brought to a standstill within half the length of clear road in front of you. | x |
Parking measures - General
| Samoa National Road Code | 2020 | When parking your vehicle you should be considerate of others and park as close as possible to the edge of the road or road curb. Where angle parking is provided you must park your vehicle in the centre of the parking space. You must not stop, stand or park your vehicle whether attended or unattended: where there is a NO STOPPING sign where there is a sign NO PARKING or NO PARKING except during specified hours on the wrong side of the road at a curve, corner or intersection or within 10 feet ( 3 meter ) thereof. In front of any driveway On a pedestrian crossing or within 5 feet thereof Within 6 feet (2 meter) of any fire hydrant. At any designated marking area for fire truck station Emergency marking zone at hospital out patients and emergency area and any fire station Footpath Median range lines. All goods vehicles including buses and taxies whether loading or unloading MUST: Be so parked as to leave the roadway clear and safe for other road users. | x | ||||
| Parking Policy and Standards | 2006 | The Development Standards as specified within this policy are intended to provide a consistent and standard framework that can be applied equitably across Samoa. | x |
Planning to reduce future vulnerabilities and minimizing losses
| Samoa National Disaster Management Plan 2017 - 2020 | 2017 | Integrate disaster risk assessment in the planning of transport infrastructure | x | x | x |
Private sector investment/ PPP
| Ministry of Works, Transport and Infrastructure Corporate Plan | 2019 | improve coordination and collaboration among transport and infrastructure stakeholders | x | ||||
| LTA Corporate Plan 2020 | 2017 | Outsource all design, supervision and construction works to the private sectors. Support and ensure the inclusion of social impact assessment processes in design and construction of transport infrastructure. | x |
Promote active transport
| Samoa Energy sector plan FY2023/24 – FY2027/28 | 2023 | promote and increase the use of nonmotorized transport, public transport and shared mobility | x |
Promote preparedness and rapid recovery of transport function
| Transport and Infrastructure Sector Plan | 2023 | Substantiate the existence of climate resilient measures and legislation to enforce its implementation on all developments. Improve the sustainability and resilience of airport assets to maintain critical mechanical and electrical assets that are critical to safety and operations at airports. Climate-resilient and safe vessels to improve sea transportation standards. | x | x | x | ||
| Samoa Infrastructure Asset Management Strategy | 2022 | Document risk, resilience and climate adaptation requirements including any investment required | x | x | x | ||
| National Environment Sector Plan (NESP) 2017 ‐ 2021 | 2017 | Climate and disaster resilience integrated into all sector plans, Ministry and implementing agencies corporate plans 100% compliance of Ministries and implementing agencies with climate and disaster resilience plans | x | x | x | ||
| Samoa National Disaster Management Plan 2017 - 2020 | 2017 | Ensure readiness of all Transport facilities and services to achieve service continuity immediately after impact. Mobilise resources for immediate restoration of transport services infrastructure | x | x | x |
Public transport improvement - General
| Climate Action Pathways for Island Transport (CAP-IT) Samoa Decarbonisation Strategy for Samoa's Transport Sector until 2030 | 2025 | Savalalo Bus station upgrade | x | ||||
| Sustainable Land Use and Mobility Plan | 2025 | Undertake a feasibility study to determine the impact on the overcrowding of buses by shifting to a different operating model for bus operators. The current model operates in a private setting, where bus operators' incomes are reliant on the number of bus passengers, which creates a tendency to overcrowding and unstable incomes. The proposed model would mean bus operators are contracted to provide services for a known annual income, while farebox income passes to the Government. Undertake the necessary regulatory changes to enable the new bus operating model. | x | ||||
| Samoa Energy sector plan FY2023/24 – FY2027/28 | 2023 | Encourage shared mobility and public transportation. | x | ||||
| Transport and Infrastructure Sector Plan | 2023 | Accelerate inclusive decarbonization of the land transport sector with a focus on inclusive, accessible, and greener public transport systems. | x | ||||
| Samoa National Disaster Management Plan 2017 - 2020 | 2017 | Conduct preventive maintenance of public transport infrastructure | x |
Public transport pricing
| Sustainable Land Use and Mobility Plan | 2025 | Design and roll out a discount scheme for bus tickets for targeted demographics based on socioeconomic criteria of vulnerability | x |
Public transport safety
| Sustainable Land Use and Mobility Plan | 2025 | Implement corrective measures on public transport planning and across Sustainable Mobility Plans (SMPs) to improve safety (e.g. well-lit bus stops), grounded in community consultations on the use of public transport | x |
Reference to international financial support
| Economic Infrastructure Program | 2013 | Investing in economic infrastructure also aligns with the GoS Strategy for the Development of Samoa (SDS) 2012-2016. The theme of the SDS is ‘boosting productivity for sustainable development'. To achieve this long term goal, the SDS is broken into four priority areas which include the infrastructure sector. Economic infrastructure investments link directly with five of the strategies key outcomes; Efficient, Safe Sustainable Transport System networks, Universal Access to Reliable and Affordable ICT Services, Sustainable Energy Supply, Environment Sustainability and Climate and Disaster Resilience. | x | x | x |
Renewable energy
| Sustainable Land Use and Mobility Plan | 2025 | Install charging infrastructure at Government buildings with dedicated renewable electricity generation, e.g. providing solar panels over covered car park areas. | x | ||||
| Pathway for Development of Samoa FY2021/22-FY2025/26 | 2021 | In parallel to the shift to renewable energy, policies and plans for transport energy will be strengthened to increase substitution of petroleum fuels with biodiesels and biofuels and increase application of hybrid and electric vehicles. renewable energy-fuelled charging stations for electric vehicles | x | ||||
| Samoa Climate Change Policy 2020-2030 | 2020 | Reducing GHG emissions through energy efficiency and renewable energy resources in the Transport Sector (land, and sea) | x | x | |||
| National Environment Sector Plan (NESP) 2017 ‐ 2021 | 2017 | Energy efficiency and renewable energy promoted in the transport sector | x | x | x | ||
| Development Strategy 2020 | 2016 | Renewable Energy investment and generation increased: - 100% capacity for renewable energy electricity by 2017 |
Reporting, transparency, feedback mechanism
| Transport and Infrastructure Sector Plan | 2023 | Strengthen Sector Financial planning for administrative, reporting and decision-making purposes | x | x | x | ||
| Samoa Infrastructure Asset Management Strategy | 2022 | Establish Road Condition Monitoring and Renewals Program: Development of reporting templates | x | ||||
| Ministry of Works, Transport and Infrastructure Corporate Plan | 2019 | transparent and effecive communication with donor partners and stakeholders | |||||
| LTA Corporate Plan 2020 | 2017 | Establish open, factual and responsive communication with Board of Directors, stakeholders, Office and suppliers, facilitating transparency and collaborative relationships. Update information on website on quarterly activities carried out. | x |
Resilient transport infrastructure
| Pathway for Development of Samoa FY2021/22-FY2025/26 | 2021 | well-conceived investments in resilient infrastructure offer a cost-effective approach to managing and mitigating the impacts of climate change. | x | x | x | ||
| Samoa Second Voluntary National Review 2020 | 2020 | Overall, 86% of the transport network system is climate resilient. | x | x | x | ||
| Samoa Climate Resilient Transport Project | 2018 | Roads constructed or rehabilitated with climate resilience measures. Water crossings constructed or rehabilitated with climate resilience measures. | x | ||||
| Samoa National Infrastructure Strategic Plan | 2011 | upgrades to West Coast Rd to enhance its safety and climate resilience; and upgrade of existing fords (Lalomanu, Saleapaga, Lepa, Lotofaga, Vaipu) and seawalls on exposed road sections in south-east Upolu to reduce flooding risk and provide improved all-weather access (T$60M); | x | x | x | ||
| Strategic Programme for Climate Resilience (SPCR) | 2011 | Enhancing the Climate Resilience of West Coast Road | x |
Road infrastructure expansion
| Samoa National Infrastructure Strategic Plan | 2011 | upgrade and widen roads | x |
Road surfacing
| Strategic Programme for Climate Resilience (SPCR) | 2011 | Enhancing the Climate Resilience of West Coast Road, Samoa, between Vailoa and Mulifanua Wharf - Resurfacing | x |
Routine transport asset maintenance
| Samoa Infrastructure Asset Management Strategy | 2022 | The main objective of this initiative is to establish a repeatable road referencing and quantitative condition assessment practices for monitoring the health of the road network. An LTA working group will need to develop a TOR for a TA to complete this project | x |
Shared mobility - General
| Climate Action Pathways for Island Transport (CAP-IT) Samoa Decarbonisation Strategy for Samoa's Transport Sector until 2030 | 2025 | Electric Minibus Shared Mobility | x | ||||
| Sustainable Land Use and Mobility Plan | 2025 | Identify any changes to regulations and/or policies necessary to support shared mobility services, including ride-hailing, bike-sharing, and car-sharing. This includes safety standards, insurance requirements, and data privacy laws. Introduce changes to regulations and/or policies to enable shared mobility services. | x | ||||
| Samoa Energy sector plan FY2023/24 – FY2027/28 | 2023 | Encourage shared mobility and public transportation. | x | ||||
| Energy Sector Plan 2017-2022 | 2017 | promote GHG abatement through energy efficiency awareness and mechanisms such as car pooling | x |
Shipping efficiency improvements
| Transport and Infrastructure Sector Plan | 2023 | Accelerate the decarbonization of the maritime sector to optimize energy efficiency with a specific focus on fishing vessels. | x | ||||
| Energy Sector Plan 2017-2022 | 2017 | promote fuel efficiency in land and sea transport | x |
Shipping improvement - General
| Transport and Infrastructure Sector Plan | 2023 | Conduct a business analysis to determine robust measures for the improvement of the Sea Subsector's financial performance and position. Review Samoa's shipping registry arrangements for a new intervention to increase business AND employment opportunities. Ensure the existence of safety navigation policies for Ports & Shipping companies. Strengthen capacity of the domestic and international port | x | ||||
| Samoa National Infrastructure Strategic Plan | 2011 | proposals relating to upgrading facilities for inter-island shipping; and upgrading port facilities for international shipping and commercial port services. Improved quality of passenger facilities for interisland travel. Improved image for the tourist market. | x |
Shipping port infrastructure improvements
| Transport and Infrastructure Sector Plan | 2023 | Establish new operational procedures and review old ones to support the Green Port Strategy. Strengthen capacity of the domestic and international port. | x | ||||
| Development Strategy 2020 | 2016 | upgrading of Faleolo International airport, West Coast Road, Apia port and other wharfs to islands | x | ||||
| Samoa National Infrastructure Strategic Plan | 2011 | proposals relating to upgrading facilities for inter-island shipping; and upgrading port facilities for international shipping and commercial port services. Staged upgrading of international port facilities, linked to established future needs and business case. | x |
Solar energy
| Climate Action Pathways for Island Transport (CAP-IT) Samoa Decarbonisation Strategy for Samoa's Transport Sector until 2030 | 2025 | Solar Power for ferries | x | ||||
| Sustainable Land Use and Mobility Plan | 2025 | Office of the Regulator to review which organisations are classified as Independent Power Producers (IPP) Review to ensure small-scale solar systems are not inadvertently captured. Update the Electricity Fees Regulation 2017 accordingly. | |||||
| Transport and Infrastructure Sector Plan | 2023 | Design and install an accessible public solar-charging station network. | |||||
| Samoa's Second Nationally Determined Contribution | 2021 | Expand Samoa's efforts to install solar panels on vessels | x |
Stakeholder involvement - General
| Transport and Infrastructure Sector Plan | 2023 | Strengthen the governance framework of the Sector to facilitate cohesive working relations that will enable and enforce Sector stakeholder collaboration. Improve communication amongst Sea Sub-sector stakeholders. Strengthen collaboration, networking and awareness amongst Land Transport stakeholders. | x | ||||
| Energy Sector Plan 2017-2022 | 2017 | encourage and facilitate partnerships amongst sector stakeholders and communities. Collaboration between stakeholders improved. | x |
Taxi - General
| Sustainable Land Use and Mobility Plan | 2025 | Undertake a review of taxi fare regulations to ensure that taxi operators are not unfairly disadvantaged from the shift to low-emission vehicles. | x |
Technical standards for general transport infrastructure
| Transport and Infrastructure Sector Plan | 2023 | Uphold safety and security of aviation services through strict compliance with set standards and recommended practices. Strengthen compliance of vessels with national & international requirements. | x | ||||
| Samoa Second Voluntary National Review 2020 | 2020 | Compliance with international standards and enhanced capacity and improved infra - structure and facilities at airport and ports support trade, tourism, and connectivity | x | x | |||
| Ministry of Works, Transport and Infrastructure Corporate Plan | 2019 | Samoa complies and continue to meet international maritime requirements of safety and security for all maritime transportation and related activities. | x | ||||
| Parking Policy and Standards | 2006 | The Development Standards as specified within this policy are intended to provide a consistent and standard framework that can be applied equitably across Samoa. | x |
Technical standards for road infrastructure
| Transport and Infrastructure Sector Plan | 2023 | Develop, regulate, and enforce national standards to guarantee climate resilience and safety of road infrastructures. Effectively develop, regulate, and enforce national standards to guarantee climate resilience and safety of road infrastructures. Standardise and integrate road safety considerations into annual asset maintenance programme delivery. | x | ||||
| National Environment Sector Plan (NESP) 2017 ‐ 2021 | 2017 | ) Road transport energy policy planning improved: ‐ Climate and disaster resilience management integrated into energy planning and implementation activities. | x | ||||
| Samoa National Disaster Management Plan 2017 - 2020 | 2017 | Formulate practical technical standards applicable to road and drainage planning, design and construction and other modes of transport. | x |
Technical standards for vehicles
| Transport and Infrastructure Sector Plan | 2023 | Public transport bus standards and regulations developed | x |
Transport Laws and Regulations- General
| Samoa Energy sector plan FY2023/24 – FY2027/28 | 2023 | Energy Efficiency Mechanisms in Households, Transportation and Infrastructure - Monitor compliance to the Energy Efficiency Regulation 2018. identify the target market and the level of demand for electric vehicles as well as appropriate changes to relevant legislations. | x | ||||
| Transport and Infrastructure Sector Plan | 2023 | Strengthen legislations and policies to support and improve the Sector and Sector Agencies' performances and services. Strengthen legislations and policies in support of a well governed Sea Subsector. Improve the legal and policy frameworks governing the administration of Land Subsector services and associated organizational structural arrangements. | x | ||||
| Ministry of Works, Transport and Infrastructure Corporate Plan | 2019 | To review exisitng national maritime legislation. Undertake a full legislative review of Road Safety legislation in Samoa to encourage formulation of the National Road Safety Act | x | ||||
| Energy Efficiency Act 2017 (Act No. 28 of 2017) | 2017 | AN ACT to regulate energy efficiency of energy using products and consumer information on those products, and for related purposes. | x | x | x | ||
| Samoa Airport Authority Act, 2012 | 2012 | Samoa Airport Authority Act, 2012 | x | ||||
| Land transport authority act 2007 | 2007 | Land transport authority act 2007 | x | ||||
| Maritime zones act 1999 | 1999 | Maritime zones act 1999 | x | ||||
| Civil Aviation Act 1998 | 1998 | Civil Aviation Act 1998 | x | ||||
| Samoa Ports Authority Act, 1998 | 1998 | Samoa Ports Authority Act, 1998 | x | ||||
| Shipping Act, 1998 | 1998 | Shipping Act, 1998 | x | ||||
| Ministry of transport act 1978 | 1978 | Ministry of transport act 1978 | x | x | x |
Transport access improvement - General
| Transport and Infrastructure Sector Plan | 2023 | A 5-10-year-old Master Plan for road infrastructure including traffic counts, roughness surface index, and vulnerability assessment formalized. Conduct a study to inform a road long-term plan for alternative routes new arterial routes and arterial extensions to improve accessibility and mobility. | x |
Transport asset condition assessment
| Assets Management Policy Framework | 2024 | Non-financial Assets must be inspected at least once every five years to assess their condition and performance. | x | x | x | ||
| Samoa Infrastructure Asset Management Strategy | 2022 | The main objective of this initiative is to establish a repeatable road referencing and quantitative condition assessment practices for monitoring the health of the road network. An LTA working group will need to develop a TOR for a TA to complete this project | x | ||||
| Ministry of Works, Transport and Infrastructure Corporate Plan | 2019 | undertake routine site inspection programs to monitor all public assets to ensure safety and mitigation of climate change impacts | x | ||||
| Samoa National Disaster Management Plan 2017 - 2020 | 2017 | Undertake site specific risk assessment with regard to location of proposed transport infrastructure – to mitigate against potential hazards in collaboration with the DMO | x | x | x | ||
| Samoa National Infrastructure Strategic Plan | 2011 | local works to address vulnerable road sections and/or upgrading alternative routes to provide improved access in all weather conditions and in the aftermath of natural disasters. Increased emphasis on maintenance and asset management as a core function of Government and economic infrastructure SOEs. | x | x | x |
Transport asset management - General
| Transport and Infrastructure Sector Plan | 2023 | Road - Establish efficient and cost-effective measures for quality assurance and monitoring. Strengthen vulnerable roads and quality of roads heading to Apia CBD. Strengthen vulnerable roads and quality of roads in the rural. | x | x | |||
| Samoa Infrastructure Asset Management Strategy | 2022 | The main objective of this initiative is to complete an indepth review of the current systems and recommend an upgrade or development path for RAM to ensure there is a robust decision support system for one of Samoa's most valuable infrastructure portfolios. S | x | ||||
| Pathway for Development of Samoa FY2021/22-FY2025/26 | 2021 | At the district level, action will be taken to upgrade access roads, so extending economic opportunities for those engaged in agriculture, tourism, and other related sectors. | x | ||||
| Samoa National Disaster Management Plan 2017 - 2020 | 2017 | Conduct preventive maintenance of public transport infrastructure | x | ||||
| Samoa National Infrastructure Strategic Plan | 2011 | upgrade and widen roads | x |
Transport asset management information system
| Assets Management Policy Framework | 2024 | The Public Accounts are to include a discussion and data on the assumptions and potential financial exposure and vulnerability of non-financial assets to natural hazards and other emerging risks. | x | x | x | ||
| Samoa Infrastructure Asset Management Strategy | 2022 | Establishment of GIS data tables to hold information. Development of training materials (simple workflows and survey procedures). | x | x | x | ||
| Ministry of Works, Transport and Infrastructure Corporate Plan | 2019 | effectively maintain and update integrated asset management system for public assets data storage and analysis | x | x | x |
Transport asset management technology
| Samoa Infrastructure Asset Management Strategy | 2022 | Establishment of GIS data tables to hold information | x | x | x | ||
| Samoa Climate Resilient Transport Project | 2018 | Updating and upgrading the existing Samoa Road Asset Management System (SAMS) | x |
Transport finance - General
| Transport and Infrastructure Sector Plan | 2023 | Strengthen the Land Subsector's ability to fund road development works | x | ||||
| Pathway for Development of Samoa FY2021/22-FY2025/26 | 2021 | well-conceived investments in resilient infrastructure offer a cost-effective approach to managing and mitigating the impacts of climate change. | x | x | x | ||
| Samoa National Disaster Management Plan 2017 - 2020 | 2017 | Advocate for a DRR component in Transport sector plan and budget | x | x | x |
Transport infrastructure modification to reduce climate risks
| Energy Sector Plan 2017-2022 | 2017 | ensure the incorporation of climate change and disaster risk management into the transport sector | x | x | x | ||
| LTA Corporate Plan 2020 | 2017 | Incorporate climate change adaptation and mitigation considerations in the design and construction of transport infrastructure | x | ||||
| Development Strategy 2020 | 2016 | Integration of climate and disaster risks as well as energy efficiency use are priorities for the design and implementation of transport infrastructure investments planned. | x | x | x |
Transport institutional reform
| Assets Management Policy Framework | 2024 | Asset transfers between divisions, ministries or other entities are to have the asset record updated in the Centralised Asset Register | x | x | x | ||
| Transport and Infrastructure Sector Plan | 2023 | Register and consolidate all public roads into the government system | x | ||||
| Samoa Infrastructure Asset Management Strategy | 2022 | MWTI establishing an Asset Management and Resilience Office (AMRO) | x | x | x | ||
| Samoa National Infrastructure Strategic Plan | 2011 | Strengthen the role of MWTI as the lead agency for infrastructure coordination | x | x | x |
Transport international conventions - General
| Ministry of Works, Transport and Infrastructure Corporate Plan | 2019 | Samoa complies with the requirements of the International Civil Aviation Organisation (Chicago Convention) to enhance safety and security | x |
Transport resilience - general
| Samoa Climate Resilient Transport Project | 2018 | Identified planning tools being used to improve climate resilience of roads. Identified climate resilient investments constructed and in use. | x |
Vehicle air pollution emission standards
| LTA Corporate Plan 2020 | 2017 | Enforce the smoke emission levels for vehicles pursuant to Road Traffic Regulation 1961 | x |
Vehicle efficiency standards
| Transport and Infrastructure Sector Plan | 2023 | Enhance land transport monitoring, including the procurement of emissions testing equipment and optimization of the Road Transport Administration System (RTAS) to improve fuel efficiency and optimize emission reduction potential. | x | ||||
| Energy Sector Plan 2017-2022 | 2017 | promote fuel efficiency in land and sea transport | x | ||||
| National Environment Sector Plan (NESP) 2017 ‐ 2021 | 2017 | Energy efficiency and renewable energy promoted in the transport sector | x | ||||
| Development Strategy 2020 | 2016 | Integration of climate and disaster risks as well as energy efficiency use are priorities for the design and implementation of transport infrastructure investments planned. | x |
Vehicle inspection and maintenance
| Transport and Infrastructure Sector Plan | 2023 | Vehicle examination resources to guarantee safety of vehicles on roads is improved | x | ||||
| Samoa National Road Code | 2020 | )All the tyres of a motor vehicle shall at all times while the vehicle is used on a road be maintained in such a condition as to be free from any defect which might cause damage to the surface of the road or danger to persons on or in the vehicle or to other persons using the road. | x |
Vehicle labelling
| Energy Sector Plan 2017-2022 | 2017 | introduce rating system for vehicles (gas mileage, carbon output etc.) | x |
Vehicle scrappage scheme
| Climate Action Pathways for Island Transport (CAP-IT) Samoa Decarbonisation Strategy for Samoa's Transport Sector until 2030 | 2025 | Vehicle Scrappage Scheme | x | ||||
| Sustainable Land Use and Mobility Plan | 2025 | Implement the necessary legislative/regulatory changes to establish a vehicle scrappage scheme and set the compensation rules and amounts and the timeframe for the scheme. | x |
Vehicle taxes
| Samoa Infrastructure Asset Management Strategy | 2022 | The main objective of this initiative is to recommend an appropriate taxation/user charges structure for heavy vehicles. Scope of this initiative likely to include: ▪ Review and report on international practices ▪ Assess current vehicle fleet and determine revenue model ▪ Provide recommendations on how to implement the process ▪ Manage the implementation | x |
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