Myanmar Transport and Climate Profile 2026
Outline
MYANMAR
TRANSPORT AND CLIMATE PROFILE
Supported by:
Transport and Climate Change
Transport Energy Consumption
Adaptation and Resilience
Other Externalities
Vehicle Fleet
Urban Transport
Transport Investments
Transport and Climate Policy Documents
Distribution of Transport and Climate Policy Measures in Policy Documents
National Policy Priorities on Transport
Direct GHG Targets
These tables contains transport-relevant (e.g. economy-wide; sector-specific) GHG emissions targets as explicitly mentioned in the policy documents.
Economy-wide GHG emissions mandates
| Updated Nationally Determined Contributions - MMR | 2021 | Myanmar's total emissions reductions contributions as a part of its NDC are 244.52 million tCO2e unconditionally, and a total of 414.75 million tCO2e, subject to conditions of international finance and technical support by 2030 | 2030 |
Indirect Transport Climate Change Targets
These tables show non-GHG targets as specified in the policy documents which indirectly benefit climate change mitigation and adaptation in the transport sector.
Biofuels
| Myanmar Energy Master Plan 2015 | 2015 | A biofuel policy with set mixing targets for 2020 and 2030 is recommended. Assuming a 10 % target for both diesel and gasoline by 2020, and 20 % target by 2030, transport de-carbonisation case can be developed. | 2030 |
Land use - General
| Climate Change Strategy 2018-2030 | 2018 | by 2030, Myanmar must develop resilient and sustainable cities and towns for all to live and thrive, with emphasis on the most vulnerable people. | 2030 |
Road infrastructure expansion
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Complete a total of 3,000 km of ASEAN Highway Network in Myanmar (e.g. AH-1: Yangon- Mandalay- Tamu, AH-2: Mandalay-Taunggyi-Tachileik) by the year 2030. | 2030 |
Transport resilience - general
| Climate Change Strategy 2018-2030 | 2018 | by 2030, Myanmar has achieved climate-resilience and pursued a low-carbon growth pathway to support inclusive and sustainable development. | 2030 |
Transport and Climate Policy Measures
These tables list the policy measures that relate to climate change mitigation and adaptation in the transport sector that had been identified in the transport policy documents.
Accreditation of transport agencies and centres
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Provide trainings with regard to inspection, evaluation and implementation of the maintenance for transport infrastructures. | x |
Active mobility - General
| Myanmar. National Communication (NC). NC 1. | 2012 | Improve all transport modes and traffic demand management, including cycling and containerized freight transport; Undertake land use, urban and transport planning to improve traffic management, transport systems, includingnon-motorizedtransport (cycling, walking) | x | x |
Adaptation-related education and training
| Myanmar Climate change Policy | 2019 | Ensure that actions undertaken under Myanmar's national policies on education, technology and training integrate climate change adaptation and mitigation considerations and are complementary to and/or support actions under this Policy; |
Aviation traffic management
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Improve CNS/ATM systems according to the master plan for modernization of Air Navigation Services. | x |
Aviation transport activity
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Monitor traffic growth and review airport development plans, based on the actual trend of air transport periodically, e.g. at 5-year intervals. | x |
Biofuels
| Myanmar Energy Master Plan 2015 | 2015 | The Government pursues to reduce the CO2 emission by increasing natural gas utilization in transport sector by converting gasoline, diesel and LPG vehicles to CNG vehicles and also using biofuels. | x |
Budget/ identification of road projects
| National Strategy for Rural Roads and Access | 2017 | The total costs of construction and upgrading of the core rural road network to connect at least 90% of all existing registered villages by road, including connecting at least 80% of all registered villages by all-season rural road or higher-level road, is estimated to be approximately US$ 2.5 billion (MMK 3,400 billion). This includes US$ 2.0 billion for upgrading the existing dry-season CRRN roads to all-season standard, US$ 131 million for the construction of new CRRN roads to earthen standard (excluding costs of land acquisition), US$ 199 million for upgrading approximately a third of these new CRRN roads to an all-season standard, and US$ 226 million for upgrading existing timber bridges in the CRRN (note that this does not include the costs of new bridges that may be required in existing or new CRRN roads13). Total maintenance costs over the 15-year strategy period are estimated to be in the order of US$ 1.4 billion, growing from just over US$ 60 million per year currently to US$ 120 million per year in 2030. The total funding needs for the 15-year strategy period come to US$ 3.9 billion, including US$ 2.5 billion for upgrading and new construction of roads and bridges, and US$ 1.4 billion for maintenance. | x |
Capacity building - General
| Automotive Policy | 2019 | Trainings of skill labours and creation of more job opportunities shall be conducted. HRD Programs such as expansion of Autorelated Industrial Training Centers, trainings for getting Certifications on Maintenance and Maneuvering shall be performed. | x | ||||
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Invite professional technical support to improve and increase staff capacity in the field of transport modeling and planning Provision of vocational training for designated sector professions. Increase the number of road transport safety specialists. | x | x | x | x |
Capacity building and education for disaster preparedness and recovery in transport
| Myanmar Climate change Master Plan | 2018 | Carry out studies looking at climate change impact and implications in the energy, industry and transport sectors | x | x | x | x |
Climate-informed design standards
| National Strategy for Rural Roads and Access | 2017 | Under this National Strategy for Rural Roads and Access, use will be made of climate resilient designs that take account of the differences in climate vulnerability (flood risk, erosion risk, rainfall, drought, etc.) in the various parts of the country. Appropriate designs will be applied that find a balance between the risks of climate impacts and related repair and maintenance costs on the one hand, and the construction costs on the other hand. | x |
Coordinate planning across government agencies
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Establish coordination / information exchange mechanisms (e.g. via optical cable, etc.) between the Ministries Formulate a planning coordination body for corridor development by inviting representatives from each Ministry and local government involved in the corridor development | x | x | x | x |
Data collection and repositories - General
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Collect and update the transport infrastructure inventory, traffic data, etc., and build an initial database system and update it periodically | x | x | x | x |
Data modelling
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Develop and utilize computer models in the national transport model (strategic model) | x | x | x | x |
Development of EV plan/policy
| Updated Nationally Determined Contributions - MMR | 2021 | Based on how markets for EVs progress, Myanmar will develop both infrastructure and policies to further support the sector under bilateral partnerships or public-private partnerships. | x |
Development of aviation plan/policy
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Prepare a master development plan and conduct a feasibility study for each of the strategic airports for international services. MOT to develop the strategic airports according to the master plans. Monitor traffic growth and review airport development plans, based on the actual trend of air transport periodically, e.g. at 5-year intervals. | x |
Development of other transport-related plan/ policy
| Updated Nationally Determined Contributions - MMR | 2021 | Department of Urban Housing and Development (DUHD) under the Ministry of Construction has been developing conceptual town development plans. | x | ||||
| Climate Change Strategy 2018-2030 | 2018 | The government of Myanmar is drafting: (a) National Urban and Regional Development Planning Law, which makes reference to environmental and social issues that need to be integrated into spatial planning (b) National Housing Framework, which should integrate climate change considerations in the delivery of affordable and inclusive housing, and (c) National Urban Policy, of which climate change will be an important component. | x | ||||
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Develop an ICT and ITS master plan and introduce advanced technology to achieve higher efficiency in use of road infrastructure. | x |
Development of rail plan/ policy
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Develop a Rail Transport Safety Improvement Master Plan. | x |
Development of road plan/ policy
| Myanmar Sustainable Development Plan | 2018 | Improve rural transport connectivity, including through a new National Rural Road Access Program | x |
Development of transport adaptation/ emergency/ disaster/ recovery plan/ policy
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Develop an emergency transport plan, to be implemented during emergencies, such as a large-scale earthquake. | x | x | x | x |
Development of transport asset management plan/policy
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Develop an asset management system, such as HDM, and a maintenance program. Conduct Research and Development (R&D) on cost-effective maintenance technologies. | x | x | x | x |
Development of transport plan/ policy
| Myanmar Climate change Master Plan | 2018 | Integrate climate change into energy, transport and industry policies, plans, research and development, and extension services at national, sectoral and local levels | x | x | x | x | |
| Intended Nationally Determined Contribution - MMR | 2017 | Policies such as the National Transport Master Plan and National Implementation Plan on Environmental Improvement in the Transport Sector are being developed. | x | x | x | x |
Dry ports
| Policies, Planning and Challenges related to Port Development and Integrated Intermodal Transport | 2018 | Future Dry Ports Development Plan Proposed eight potential locations in Myanmar Two locations in Yangon and Mandalay are under construction. Planning to conduct Pre-Feasibilities on other potential Dry ports under Korea Knowledge Sharing Program by the support of Korea EXIM Bank. Selection of Target Sites with high priority | x | x | x | x | |
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Develop dry ports/ICDs in Yangon (Ywa Thar Gyi) and Mandalay (Myinge) area in conjunction with Thilawa port and SEZs development along the corridor. | x | x | x | x |
EV - General
| Updated Nationally Determined Contributions - MMR | 2021 | Priority will be given to electric vehicles, the development of a Shipping Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) and a Green Shipping Strategy Myanmar is interested in introducing EVs for both personal use and (MRT) | x |
EV charging infrastructure
| Automotive Policy | 2019 | Necessary infrastructures and supports shall be fulfilled for widely use of Electric Vehicles ( EVs ). | x |
Economic instruments - General
| Law Amending the 2022 Union Tax Law | 2022 | Notwithstanding anything contained in section 23, sub-section (a), if an association of persons is engaged in the oil and natural gas exploration and production sector of Myanmar, income tax shall be imposed at the rate of 25% on the total net income without deducting the allowances under section 6 of the Income Tax Law. | x | ||||
| Automotive Policy | 2019 | A allocation of Auto-related incomes/revenues shall be exercised as a priority the area of Road Infrastructure development and Public Transportation improvement. Revenues from Auto-related sectors shall also be used in the areas on analyzing to the source of Traffic Accident and Traffic Congestion and fulfillments to road infrastructures such as Pedestrian Lanes, Traffic Lights, Overpasses ( Flyovers ) and Bus Lanes. Appropriate Taxation Scheme shall be set up as Protection Measures for the development of domestic manufacturing. Tax and registration fees difference between Locally Assembled or Manufactured by SKD, CKD system and imported CBU shall be significantly large enough in terms of higher rate to imports. | x | ||||
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Develop and enact special a purpose taxation scheme (e.g. fuel levy law, development levy law) if applicable. Collect fees from transport users, according to the services they use. | x |
Education and behavior change - General
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Increase public awareness | x | x | x | x |
Education curriculum sensitizing about transport subsector
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Increase the capacity of the national universities and institutes in the transport infrastructure sector through international exchange programs, technical assistance (TA) from advanced countries, etc. | x | x | x | x |
Energy efficient vehicle incentives excl. EVs
| Automotive Policy | 2019 | To provide special incentives and encouragements in advancement of Eco-friendly or Environmentally friendly and Alternative Fuel Vehicles. Significant Tax Relaxations and Reliefs shall be allowed for productions and imports of Fuel-efficient, Eco-friendly or Environmentally friendly Vehicles. The followings shall be done to reduce the Environmental Impacts | x | ||||
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Introduce preferential treatment for use of environmentally friendly vehicles (e.g. favored import tax) | x |
Environment impact assessment
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Develop EIA guideline in the transport sector | x | x | x | x |
Freight intermodality - General
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Improve inter-modality with truck, inland water and railway operators with the development of warehouses and ICDs, and enable bounded transportation to/from the port. | x | x | x |
Freight rail infrastructure improvement
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Increase the capacity of the Thilawa rail line to the Thilawa port and SEZ in accordance with the increasing demand of international container cargo | x |
Fuel quality improvement
| Automotive Policy | 2019 | Emission Standards and Fuel Quality shall be set up in accordance with the Region-wide Standards. | x |
Fuel tax
| Myanmar Sustainable Development Plan | 2018 | Implement measures to improve road user fees framework, including heavy vehicle license fees, fuel levies, and road tolls | x |
Green shipping program
| Updated Nationally Determined Contributions - MMR | 2021 | Priority will be given to electric vehicles, the development of a Shipping Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) and a Green Shipping Strategy Use of alternative energy/ fuels ● Use wind or solar energy ● Use of LNG Table 36 Additionally, within the transport sector, Myanmar is also interested in further regional engagement in the ASEAN Green Ship Strategy to reduce emission from non-convention ships (NCS) where International Maritime Organization (IMO) rules do not apply. | x |
High density development
| Climate Change Strategy 2018-2030 | 2018 | it canengage in reducing and preventing new emissions through compact urban development and low-carbon construction technologies. | x | ||||
| National Spatial Development Framework and Urban Planning System of Myanmar | 2018 | PLANEDCITY EXTENSION,/ PLANNED CITY INFILL | x |
High speed rail (HSR) improvement
| Updated Nationally Determined Contributions - MMR | 2021 | High speed trains and monorails are also planned to depend on feasibility studies and ensuring social and environmental standards are met, including designing wildlife friendly infrastructure. | x | ||||
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Construct high speed train for the Ywa Thar Gyi-Nay Pyi TawMandalay section | x | x |
Incentives for EVs and components
| Law Amending the 2022 Union Tax Law | 2022 | In the table of goods not subject to commercial tax in section 14, sub-section (a) of the 2022 Union Tax Law, item 46 shall be added after item 45 as follows: Sr. Name of the goods 46. Battery electric vehicle (BEV) and its battery | x | ||||
| Updated Nationally Determined Contributions - MMR | 2021 | While no policies currently exist to phase out fossil fuel vehicles, incentives for EVs include tax exemptions on import registration fees. Electric motorcycles are also allowed on Myanmar roads | x | ||||
| Automotive Policy | 2019 | Special Offers and Privileges for manufacturing Electric Vehicles ( EVs ) shall be provided to international investors. | x | ||||
| Climate Change Strategy 2018-2030 | 2018 | There is evidence of attempts to contain emissions through e.g. incentives for electric cars. | x |
Increasing transport activity
| Myanmar. National Communication (NC). NC 1. | 2012 | Improve railwayand waterway systems for increased containerized freight transport | x |
Infrastructure improvements - General
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Develop cross border transport facilities and improve access to these facilities. Install road signs and a route numbering system that are compatible with the ASEAN highway network. Urgently implement safety measures (e.g. installation of guardrails, lighting, road signs, weight bridges, segregated pedestrian crossings, traffic signal installation at major intersections, etc.) at critical road sections. | x |
Inland waterways (IWT) improvement - General
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Improve inland waterway networks along the priority development corridors, namely the Northern Corridor, the Western North-South Corridor / the Main River Corridor and the Delta Area Network. Improve connectivity with other modes such as international shipping, truck and railway operators together with proper handling and storage facilities like warehouses in order to facilitate multi-modal transport. Develop a new business plan for IWT, in which the basic direction of IWT function will be focused into ship management in order to collaborate with the private sector. Replace IWT aged vessels and build new vessels with new technology (such as shallow draft vessel, environmentally-friendly vessel, etc.) jointly with private sector. Ensure that IWT continues to provide passenger and cargo transport services in remote areas, where transport services are difficult to install and on routes that have no private sector provider. IWT to build new vessels, and provide in the market with reasonable prices for the private sector. Increase capacity of existing shipyards and modernize associated facilities in order to provide better quality services. | x |
Innovations and digitalization - General
| Automotive Policy | 2019 | Upgrading of Information Technology ( IT ) System shall be executed in order to perform the tasks of Auto-related Documentation and Registration. | x |
Intelligent transport systems (ITS)
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Introduce Intelligent Transport System (ITS). | x | x | x | x |
Involvement of subnational government for transport activities
| Myanmar Climate change Policy | 2019 | Ensure the active involvement of city, township and village stakeholders in identifying climate change challenges at local level, and devise plans, strategies and practical actions to adapt to climate change, mitigate its effects, and develop in a sustainable lowcarbon manner; | x |
LPG/ CNG/ LNG
| Myanmar Energy Master Plan 2015 | 2015 | The Government pursues to reduce the CO2 emission by increasing natural gas utilization in transport sector by converting gasoline, diesel and LPG vehicles to CNG vehicles and also using biofuels. | x | ||||
| Myanmar. National Communication (NC). NC 1. | 2012 | Further promote and expand CNG-used vehicles and CNG pipelines and stations; To reduce GHG emission from the transport sector, maintenance of good road networks and fuel switching from petroleum to CNG should be expedited and CNG pipelines and stations expanded. | x | ||||
| Myanmar. National Communication (NC). NC 1. | 2012 | 600 CNG buses had been imported for publictransport so far, and morethan 25,000 motor vehicles have been changed from petrol/diesel to CNG up to September, 200 | x |
Land use - General
| Myanmar Climate change Master Plan | 2018 | Strengthen urban institutional processes that promote sustainable transport | x | x | x | x | x |
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Plan urban re-generation projects at or near major rail stations such as Yangon, Insein, Kyee Myint Daing, New Ma Hlwa Gone and Mandalay stations. | x | x | x | x | x |
| Myanmar. National Communication (NC). NC 1. | 2012 | Undertake land use, urban and transport planning to improve traffic management, transport systems, includingnon-motorizedtransport (cycling, walking) | x | x |
Logistics customs and border procedures
| Myanmar Sustainable Development Plan | 2018 | Implement the GMS Cross Border Transport Facilitation Agreement (CBTA) | x | x | x | x | |
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Examine current tariffs, taking into account competitiveness with other ports in neighboring countries. | x | x | x | x |
Logistics hub
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Develop logistics centres at major railway stations (e.g. Yangon and Mandalay ICD/Dry Ports) in conjunction with the Thilawa port development. | x | x | x | x |
Maritime Safety
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Set a Unified technical standard and regulation for port structure to secure the safety of port facilities | x | x | x | x |
Modal shift
| Myanmar. National Communication (NC). NC 1. | 2012 | Improve railwayand waterway systems for increased containerized freight transport | x | x |
National speed law
| Traffic Safety and Motor Vehicle Classification | 2020 | Driving a motor vehicle more than the prescribed speed limit or driving below the prescribed speed limit. | x | ||||
| Myanmar Motor Vehicle Act | 1989 | A motor-vehicle shall not be driven in a street or public place recklessly or negligently, or at a speed or in a manner which is likely to endanger human life, or to cause hurt or injury to any person or animal, or to damage any goods carried in any vehicle or by any person, or which would be otherwise than reasonable and proper, having regard to all the circumstances of the case including the nature, condition and use of the street or public place and to the amount of traffic which is actually on it at the time, or which may reasonably be expected to be on it: | x |
Nature-based solutions
| National Strategy for Rural Roads and Access | 2017 | Class A and class B roads will include proper protection of cut and fill slopes and embankments to avoid extensive damage from occurring to the road. Depending on the circumstances, this may vary from vegetative protection (bio-engineering) to retaining walls (concrete, masonry or gabion). | x |
Passenger and freight load limits
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Enforce regulations against overloading trucks. | x |
Performance-based transport maintenance contracts
| National Strategy for Rural Roads and Access | 2017 | A three-tier system of supervision and quality control will be introduced. The township staff of DRD and MOBA will carry out regular inspection visits to check the quality and overall performance of the works before approving payments. This will be complemented by independent third-party quality control consultants that will visit at least 50% of all rural road projects during implementation. | x |
Planning to reduce future vulnerabilities and minimizing losses
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Prepare a hazard map and identify road networks and other transport facilities that are likely to be damaged by natural disasters. | x | x | x | x |
Private sector investment/ PPP
| Updated Nationally Determined Contributions - MMR | 2021 | Myanmar is interested in introducing EVs for both personal use and (MRT) MRT projects, either private sector or public-private sector partnerships, and light commercial vehicles including vehicles for personal use, will be highly encouraged. | x | x | |||
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Provide opportunities for the public to join the planning process through SEA Maintain and further encourage participation of the private sector in developing and maintaining road transport infrastructure and providing transport services. | x | x | x | x |
Promotion of local manufacturing, services, and contracting in transport
| Automotive Policy | 2019 | The purpose of the Automotive Policy is to increase the usage of vehicles with affordable prices in each and every sector and to be higher UIO. In this policy, Vehicle Penetration Ratio in the designated period of time and the expected UIO are as follows: 2029 = 4,000,000 units 2034 = 10,000,000 units To support and supervise domestic assembling and production to be in line with the promulgated definition in this policy, as well as to undertake systematic inspection to the processes. | x |
Public transport improvement - General
| Updated Nationally Determined Contributions - MMR | 2021 | Myanmar is interested in introducing EVs for both personal use and (MRT) MRT projects, either private sector or public-private sector partnerships, and light commercial vehicles including vehicles for personal use, will be highly encouraged. | x | x | |||
| Myanmar Climate change Policy | 2019 | Ensure that urban and inter-city transportation networks and infrastructure are sustainable, lowcarbon and climate-resilient for all modes of transport, in particular for mass transit; | x | x | x | ||
| Climate Change Strategy 2018-2030 | 2018 | The regulatory framework for transport is also evolving, with a focus on improved and extended public transport systems and infrastructure, particularly for roads. | x | ||||
| Myanmar Climate change Master Plan | 2018 | Introduce alternative modes of service delivery to improve the energy efficiency system in transport, building and industry sectors Feasibility studies for urban public transport developed at city level within two years Public transport authorities established in urban areas to develop and implement mass transit systems within 15 years | x | x | |||
| Myanmar Sustainable Development Plan | 2018 | Develop sustainable public transport systems, including school transportation systems, that are safe, convenient and accessible to all | x | x | x | x | |
| National Spatial Development Framework and Urban Planning System of Myanmar | 2018 | Improvement of Public Transport and Bus System | x | ||||
| National Strategy for Rural Roads and Access | 2017 | It is expected that the private sector will respond to improved road access by providing improved public transport services to respond to demand. However, this will need to be monitored to ensure that the objectives of improved access are indeed achieved and that public transport services are appropriate in the type and quality of service they provide and the cost of this service. Where necessary, additional effort may be needed to improve the quality and cost of the service. | x | ||||
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Upgrade public transport. | x | ||||
| Myanmar. National Communication (NC). NC 1. | 2012 | make all public transports more attractive and affordable; Make public road, rail and water transports more comfortable and affordable | x | x | x |
Rail improvement - General
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Improve railway infrastructure and enhance railway transport services along the priority corridors (e.g. Yangon – Mandalay Section, Yangon - Hanthawaddy / Bago Section, Bago-Mawlamyine Section, Yangon-Pyay Section). | x | ||||
| Myanmar. National Communication (NC). NC 1. | 2012 | Improve railwayand waterway systems for increased containerized freight transport | x |
Rail infrastructure expansion
| Myanmar Sustainable Development Plan | 2018 | Expand, modernize and maintain domestic rail lines | x | ||||
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Construct an extension from Thanbyuzayat to Three Pagoda Pass where the State Railway of Thailand (SRT) confirms the connection and through-operation with Myanmar. Develop an airport rail access to the newly developed Hanthawaddy International Airport, as part of the future high speed rail (HSR: Yangon – NPT - Mandalay). Construct new double line for Yangon- Ywa Thar Gyi Upgrade the Thazi-Shwenyaung section Construct double line for Yangon-Mogyobyit Extend rail network of the Yangon and Mandalay Circular Rail Line | x |
Railway electrification
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Introduce electrification of the rail system or a hybrid system at circular line and other trunk lines by 2035. | x |
Railway rolling stock improvement
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Replacement of rolling stock, rehabilitation of the existing rolling stock and identification of the critical problems Import environmentally-friendly and energy-saving locomotives, DEMU and other low-carbon technologies. | x |
Reference to domestic financing mechanisms
| Climate Change Strategy 2018-2030 | 2018 | The sector may have considerable need for financial support and technology transfer, to ensure the country benefits from efficient transport and more rational, efficient spatial development. | x | x | x | x | |
| National Strategy for Rural Roads and Access | 2017 | To increase the amount of funding available to the road sector, the Government of Myanmar will create a Road Fund. This Road Fund will provide financing for the rural road network managed by DRD and MOBA as well as for the higher-level trunk road network managed by MOC and the urban road networks managed by City Development Councils and Township Development Councils. The Road Fund will obtain its main revenue from road user charges, including existing tolls and vehicle fees, as well as new road user charges that will be introduced with the creation of the Road Fund, specifically a fuel tax or levy. | x | ||||
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Carry out a comprehensive study to identify possible sources of financing for the transport sector including the establishment of a new taxation scheme targeted to transport infrastructure development. Build a typical business model for a toll road construction project, using a PPP scheme. Establish a JV or a similar partnership with the private sector (local and foreign) for both freight and passenger transportation at an initial stage, which can be transformed to a company (corporatization) and a Government Linked Company (GLC), with a phased approach. Build a typical business model for a PPP project (e.g. Yangon station building and surrounding area development, ICD facilities building and operation project under PPP scheme). | x | x | x | x | x |
Reference to international financial support
| Updated Nationally Determined Contributions - MMR | 2021 | Myanmar thus seeks international technical and financial assistance in combinations of grants and concessional loans to develop the railway sector. As a part of its NDC, Myanmar thus seeks international public and/or public-private sector engagement and grants for technical and financial assistance, estimated at US$ 2.3 million; - in the Inland Marine sector for GHG Emission Reductions (US$ 1.2million) and the Green Ship Strategy for coastal shipping (US$ 1.1 million). | x | ||||
| National Strategy for Rural Roads and Access | 2017 | The Government of Myanmar will request the development partners to provide financial support to cover the remaining funding needs for the implementation of the strategy. Development partners are increasingly providing funding for rural roads and bridges, and currently include the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JICA), the German development bank (KfW) 16, and the World Bank. | x |
Renewable energy
| Myanmar Climate change Master Plan | 2018 | Introduce and promote innovative technology for renewable energy - for example, solar, wind, tidal and wave in the energy, transport and industry sector | x | x | x | x | |
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Introduce renewable energy, where applicable (e.g. lighting at stations). Introduce early renewable energy where applicable (e.g. at ports, navigation system, etc.). | x | x |
Reporting, transparency, feedback mechanism
| National Strategy for Rural Roads and Access | 2017 | To monitor the progress in achieving the strategy objective of connecting at least 80% of all registered villages by all-season road and at least 90% of villages by any kind of road, use will be made of the following key performance indicators and targets. | x | ||||
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Publish transport statistics report regularly (e.g. monthly reports) Monitor the progress of the Myanmar National Transport Master Plan's (MYT-Plan) implementation | x | x | x | x |
Research in transport sector
| Updated Nationally Determined Contributions - MMR | 2021 | Myanmar also seeks to enhance its capacities to engage in IMO discussions and the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships Myanmar is interested in enhancing its capacities to engage with the aviation sector (the International Civil Aviation Organisation) regarding climate change, specifically the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme in International Aviation. | x | x | |||
| Myanmar Climate change Master Plan | 2018 | Integrate climate change into energy, transport and industry policies, plans, research and development, and extension services at national, sectoral and local levels | x | x | x | x | |
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Develop an asset management system, such as HDM, and a maintenance program. Conduct Research and Development (R&D) on cost-effective maintenance technologies. Establish a Road Traffic Accident Research Center. Establish coordination / information exchange mechanism between the coordination body and private investors Dispatch select staff to those supportive countries to study advanced technologies, techniques, etc. Conduct joint research and development (R&D) Improve the existing research and development capacity in ministries | x | x | x | x |
Resilient transport infrastructure
| Updated Nationally Determined Contributions - MMR | 2021 | Rehabilitation of 130 km of farm roads and 300km of tertiary canals into climate resilience conditions in Mandalay, Magway, and Sagaing regions | x | ||||
| Myanmar Climate change Policy | 2019 | Ensure that urban and inter-city transportation networks and infrastructure are sustainable, lowcarbon and climate-resilient for all modes of transport, in particular for mass transit; | x | x | x | x | x |
Road charging and tolls
| Myanmar Sustainable Development Plan | 2018 | Implement measures to improve road user fees framework, including heavy vehicle license fees, fuel levies, and road tolls | x |
Road infrastructure expansion
| Automotive Policy | 2019 | Build industrial road and port infrastructure | x | ||||
| Myanmar Sustainable Development Plan | 2018 | Upgrade international transport corridors, such as expanding access to expressways for heavy commercial vehicles, rehabilitating and modernizing the pavement for high traffic highways, and improving road safety | x | ||||
| National Strategy for Rural Roads and Access | 2017 | In total, it is estimated that just under 26,000 miles of existing dry-season CRRN roads will need to be upgraded to an all-season standard, that some 2,400 miles of new CRRN roads will need to be constructed and upgraded to an all-season standard to complete the all-season connection of 80% of villages in each state/region, and that a further 4,300 miles of new construction to a dry-season standard will be required to ensure that a further 10% of villages in each state/region have at least dry-season access. | x | ||||
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Provide a high-speed and high-capacity road network and services to/from major dry ports, sea and river ports, and airports. | x |
Road infrastructure, signage and furniture improvement
| Myanmar. National Communication (NC). NC 1. | 2012 | Install more lightemittingdiodesfor trafficlighting. | x |
Road-side checks for traffic safety enforcement
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Urgently implement safety measures (e.g. installation of guardrails, lighting, road signs, weight bridges, segregated pedestrian crossings, traffic signal installation at major intersections, etc.) at critical road sections. | x |
Routine transport asset maintenance
| National Strategy for Rural Roads and Access | 2017 | After construction and upgrading works have been completed, maintenance will be carried out in all CRRN roads with the aim of further increasing the sustainability and lifespan of the roads. This will include annual routine maintenance aimed at avoiding damage, complemented by periodic maintenance every few years to renew the road surface and carry out spot repairs. | x |
Rural transport services
| National Strategy for Rural Roads and Access | 2017 | It is expected that the private sector will respond to improved road access by providing improved public transport services to respond to demand. However, this will need to be monitored to ensure that the objectives of improved access are indeed achieved and that public transport services are appropriate in the type and quality of service they provide and the cost of this service. Where necessary, additional effort may be needed to improve the quality and cost of the service. | x |
Shipping efficiency improvements
| Updated Nationally Determined Contributions - MMR | 2021 | Priority will be given to electric vehicles, the development of a Shipping Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) and a Green Shipping Strategy Improvement in the main engine‟s efficiency ● Change and convert the main engine ● Recover waste heat | x |
Shipping port infrastructure improvements
| Automotive Policy | 2019 | Build industrial road and port infrastructure | x | x | |||
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Enhance port capacity of Yangon port (including Thilawa area) to meet sharply increasing cargo demands and to reduce dwelling time of cargoes and ships in the port. | x |
Technical standards for general transport infrastructure
| Myanmar Climate change Master Plan | 2018 | Integrate climate change into transport sector policies and plans by developing guidelines and regulations for climate proofing transport infrastructure, port facilities, roads, railways and bridges | x | x | x | x | |
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Set a Unified technical standard and regulation for port structure to secure the safety of port facilities | x | x | x | x |
Technical standards for rail infrastructure
| Myanmar Climate change Master Plan | 2018 | Integrate climate change into transport sector policies and plans by developing guidelines and regulations for climate proofing transport infrastructure, port facilities, roads, railways and bridges | x |
Technical standards for road infrastructure
| Myanmar Climate change Master Plan | 2018 | Integrate climate change into transport sector policies and plans by developing guidelines and regulations for climate proofing transport infrastructure, port facilities, roads, railways and bridges | x | ||||
| National Strategy for Rural Roads and Access | 2017 | The minimum specifications of the all-season standard will be defined in detail in the National Rural Road Standards and Specifications (NRRSS) that are currently under preparation with support from development partners. | x | ||||
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Finalize a series of road designs, construction, and maintenance manuals. Establish a new road classification system urgently, including a new numbering system proposed by MYT-Plan, and corresponding geometric standards. Rehabilitate/replace expressway facilities to meet international motorway standards. Develop highway design standards and a design manual. | x |
Technical standards for vehicles
| Automotive Policy | 2019 | ) The system of Homologation by which a certain type of vehicle ( both for locally manufactured or imported ) is scrutinized that it is compatible with Road Safety and Traffic-lane System in Myanmar. Policy and arrangement shall be developed for production and safety of Motorcycles and related Vehicles. | x |
Technology and knowledge transfer
| Climate Change Strategy 2018-2030 | 2018 | The sector may have considerable need for financial support and technology transfer, to ensure the country benefits from efficient transport and more rational, efficient spatial development. | x | x | x | x | |
| Myanmar Climate change Master Plan | 2018 | Increase access to climate-resilient and low-carbon technologies and practices in the energy, transport and industry sectors. | x | x | x | x | |
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Establish coordination / information exchange mechanism between the coordination body and private investors Dispatch select staff to those supportive countries to study advanced technologies, techniques, etc. Conduct joint research and development (R&D) | x | x | x | x |
Transport Laws and Regulations- General
| Myanmar Sustainable Development Plan | 2018 | Revise and enhance key transport related laws, polices programmes and strategies | x | x | x | x | |
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Develop EIA guideline in the transport sector | x | x | x | x |
Transport access improvement - General
| National Strategy for Rural Roads and Access | 2017 | In total, it is estimated that just under 26,000 miles of existing dry-season CRRN roads will need to be upgraded to an all-season standard, that some 2,400 miles of new CRRN roads will need to be constructed and upgraded to an all-season standard to complete the all-season connection of 80% of villages in each state/region, and that a further 4,300 miles of new construction to a dry-season standard will be required to ensure that a further 10% of villages in each state/region have at least dry-season access. | x | ||||
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Develop cross border transport facilities and improve access to these facilities. Install road signs and a route numbering system that are compatible with the ASEAN highway network. Urgently implement safety measures (e.g. installation of guardrails, lighting, road signs, weight bridges, segregated pedestrian crossings, traffic signal installation at major intersections, etc.) at critical road sections. Improve inland waterway networks along the priority development corridors, namely the Northern Corridor, the Western North-South Corridor / the Main River Corridor and the Delta Area Network. Improve connectivity with other modes such as international shipping, truck and railway operators together with proper handling and storage facilities like warehouses in order to facilitate multi-modal transport. Develop a new business plan for IWT, in which the basic direction of IWT function will be focused into ship management in order to collaborate with the private sector. Replace IWT aged vessels and build new vessels with new technology (such as shallow draft vessel, environmentally-friendly vessel, etc.) jointly with private sector. Ensure that IWT continues to provide passenger and cargo transport services in remote areas, where transport services are difficult to install and on routes that have no private sector provider. IWT to build new vessels, and provide in the market with reasonable prices for the private sector. Increase capacity of existing shipyards and modernize associated facilities in order to provide better quality services. | x |
Transport asset condition assessment
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Carry out technical inspection of the existing road and bridge infrastructure and develop a database / inventory. Carry out technical inspections of the existing rail infrastructure and develop a database/inventory of these by the end of 2015. | x |
Transport asset management - General
| Rail Sector Development Activities in Myanmar | 2020 | Yangon-Mandalay Railway Line Improvement Project Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project Mandalay -Myitkyina Railway Line Rehabilitation Project Yangon-Pyay Railway Improvement Project | x | x | |||
| Myanmar Sustainable Development Plan | 2018 | Upgrade international transport corridors, such as expanding access to expressways for heavy commercial vehicles, rehabilitating and modernizing the pavement for high traffic highways, and improving road safety Expand, modernize and maintain domestic rail lines | x | ||||
| Policies, Planning and Challenges related to Port Development and Integrated Intermodal Transport | 2018 | Current Infrastructure development Projects by External Assistance Yangon-Mandalay Railway Improvement Project Mandalay -Myitkyina Railway Line Rehabilitation Project Yangon-Pyay Railway Improvement Project Yangon- Mawlamyine Railway Improvement Project Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project | x | x | |||
| National Strategy for Rural Roads and Access | 2017 | In total, it is estimated that just under 26,000 miles of existing dry-season CRRN roads will need to be upgraded to an all-season standard, that some 2,400 miles of new CRRN roads will need to be constructed and upgraded to an all-season standard to complete the all-season connection of 80% of villages in each state/region, and that a further 4,300 miles of new construction to a dry-season standard will be required to ensure that a further 10% of villages in each state/region have at least dry-season access. | x | ||||
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Improve trunk road networks along the designated priority development corridors: the Central North-South Corridor (Yangon – Nay Pyi Taw – Mandalay), the East-West Corridor (Yangon – Hpa-An- Myawaddy), the Northern Corridor (Mandalay – Muse) and the Western North-South Corridor (Yangon – Pyay – Magway). Improve infrastructure (e.g. surface condition improvement, widening, etc.) on the union highway(s) along the priority corridors (e.g. Thaton – Eindu – Kawkareik – Myawaddy Road, etc.). Implement preventive (proactive) measures before undertaking full-scale replacement or rehabilitation works. Improve railway infrastructure and enhance railway transport services along the priority corridors (e.g. Yangon – Mandalay Section, Yangon - Hanthawaddy / Bago Section, Bago-Mawlamyine Section, Yangon-Pyay Section). | x | x | x | ||
| Myanmar. National Communication (NC). NC 1. | 2012 | To reduce GHG emission from the transport sector, maintenance of good road networks and fuel switching from petroleum to CNG should be expedited and CNG pipelines and stations expanded. Improve roads and road networks, and construct road detours | x |
Transport asset management funding strategy
| National Strategy for Rural Roads and Access | 2017 | To ensure that available funding for rural roads and access is used efficiently and effectively in achieving the objective of this strategy, the concept of a Core Rural Road Network (CRRN) will be applied. The CRRN refers to the minimum rural road network in a township required to connect all villages to each other and to the higher-level road network. Once the budget allocations have reached the township level, allocation of the budgets will follow investment plans that have been prepared based on specific selection and prioritization criteria. | x |
Transport asset management information system
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Develop an asset management system, such as HDM, and a maintenance program. | x |
Transport demand management - General
| Myanmar. National Communication (NC). NC 1. | 2012 | Improve all transport modes and traffic demand management, including cycling and containerized freight transport; | x |
Transport finance - General
| Intended Nationally Determined Contribution - MMR | 2017 | Addressing financial needs of the other key sectors which are emerging such as sustainable transportation, urbanisation, waste management and agricultural practices | x | x | x | x |
Transport infrastructure modification to reduce climate risks
| Climate Change Strategy 2018-2030 | 2018 | The country will need to upgrade and retrofit existing infrastructure to reduce vulnerabilities and maximise efficiency and generate adaptation and mitigation co-benefits including greener and more progressive transport systems. Transport systems are adapted to heightened risks of disasters from new climatic conditions and sustainable through to efficiency and low-carbon technologies | x | x | x | x | |
| Myanmar Climate change Master Plan | 2018 | Transport systems are adapted to heightened risks of disasters from new climatic conditions and sustainable through efficiency and low-carbon technologies | x | x | x | x | |
| Myanmar Sustainable Development Plan | 2018 | Adapt infrastructure systems, including transport systems, to mitigate against heightened risks of natural disasters and new climatic conditions, while facilitating a transition to more efficient, low-carbon technologies Lessen rural communities' exposure to extreme climate-related events, especially in disaster prone areas including supporting the development of climate-resilient rural infrastructure | x | x | x | x | |
| Intended Nationally Determined Contribution - MMR | 2017 | Adaptation activities are also being conducted in the water sector, with projects on water way improvement to reduce flooding, improving the control of the transportation of commodities and on river bank erosion. | x | ||||
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Implement slope protection measures in landslide prone road sections. Implement measures to avoid flooding along the designated coarse ways. Carry out a series of disaster-resistant (cyclone and earthquake-resistant) improvements of existing bridges. | x |
Transport institutional reform
| Automotive Policy | 2019 | To establish a Supervision Committee for evaluation, reviewing and refinements on relevant tasks of Automotive Policy. Automotive Institutes and Development Centers shall be established as of necessity. | x | ||||
| Myanmar Sustainable Development Plan | 2018 | Further administrative decentralization of the transport sector | x | x | x | x | |
| National Strategy for Rural Roads and Access | 2017 | By 2020, an autonomous National Rural Road Agency (NRRA) will be created that will become responsible for managing the rural road sector and for preparing and implementing the rural road investment plans. The NRRA will prepare investment plans and maintenance plans based on this strategy and other government policies. | x | ||||
| National Strategy for Rural Roads and Access | 2017 | To improve the coordination between these different ministries and their departments, the following three committees were created in 2016: a national level Regional Road & Bridge Steering Committee, a national level Regional Road & Bridge Implementation Committee, and state/regional level Regional Road & Bridge Supervision Committees. These committees are together responsible for implementing this National Strategy for Rural Roads and Access. | x | ||||
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Formulate a fully equipped special task force (unit) for data collection, data entry and analysis in each Ministry (MOT, MRT, MOC) Establish a special safety improvement task force team for union highways Establish a special project unit for HSR development. Modernize or reorganize the existing institute of Myanma Railways. Strengthen regulatory functions of the Department of Civil Aviation, so as to monitor and regulate the increasingly influential roles and activities of other organizations. | x | x | x |
Transport international conventions - General
| Automotive Policy | 2019 | Supervision Committee shall perform providing guidance in setting up of Safety Standards, Type Approval System and Homologation System for each vehicle type and its Component Parts and Systems based on the UNECE regulations as well as the rules in the international agreements. | x | ||||
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Fully implement ASEAN Framework Agreements on Transport Facilitation. | x | x | x | x |
Transport resilience - general
| Myanmar Climate change Policy | 2019 | Ensure that urban and inter-city transportation networks and infrastructure are sustainable, lowcarbon and climate-resilient for all modes of transport, in particular for mass transit; | x | x | x | x | x |
Trasport adaptation - general
| Climate Change Strategy 2018-2030 | 2018 | Transport systems are adapted to heightened risks of disasters from new climatic conditions and sustainable through to efficiency and low-carbon technologies | x | x | x | x | |
| Myanmar Climate change Master Plan | 2018 | Transport systems are adapted to heightened risks of disasters from new climatic conditions and sustainable through efficiency and low-carbon technologies | x | x | x | x |
Urban rail improvement
| Updated Nationally Determined Contributions - MMR | 2021 | The railway network will play a key role in Urban MRT in Myanmar as more trains will be introduced. High speed trains and monorails are also planned to depend on feasibility studies and ensuring social and environmental standards are met, including designing wildlife friendly infrastructure. | x | x | |||
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Construct new rail infrastructure (LRT, MRT, subway) at Yangon Circular Line and Mandalay Circular Line and an LRT line, linking Mandalay to Mandalay International Airport. Construct new circular line in Mandalay Construct subway systems in Yangon City Construct LRT system for Mandalay – Kyaukse | x | x |
Vehicle air pollution emission standards
| Updated Nationally Determined Contributions - MMR | 2021 | Finally, only new vehicles that meet Euro 4 standards will be allowed in Myanmar. In coordination with the Vehicle Import Steering Committee and under the guidance of the MOI, vehicle standards will also be developed to ensure the country has a recycling system in place | x | ||||
| Automotive Policy | 2019 | Emission Standards and Fuel Quality shall be set up in accordance with the Region-wide Standards. Regarding to Emission Standard, notifications shall be declared by relevant Ministries as a minimum of Euro 4 for imported / manufactured Passenger Cars, and Commercial Vehicles, Euro 4 for Motorcycles and Euro 4 for the Fuel Properties of gasoline and diesel. | x | ||||
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Review and revise the existing regulation on vehicle inspection from an aspect of environmental improvement (strict regulation on emission gases) | x |
Vehicle efficiency standards
| Updated Nationally Determined Contributions - MMR | 2021 | Similarly, Myanmar‟s Road Transport Administration Department would also like to develop projects with the private sector to improve and increase vehicle testing systems and work with CSOs on vehicle efficiency and standards to decrease fossil fuel consumption. | x | ||||
| Myanmar. National Communication (NC). NC 1. | 2012 | increase the use of fuel-efficient motor vehicles; Implement stringent standards for reducing CO2 emissions from vehicles | x |
Vehicle inspection and maintenance
| Updated Nationally Determined Contributions - MMR | 2021 | Emissions testing of new private vehicles take place three years after registration, whereas commercial vehicles have to be tested annually. Similarly, Myanmar‟s Road Transport Administration Department would also like to develop projects with the private sector to improve and increase vehicle testing systems and work with CSOs on vehicle efficiency and standards to decrease fossil fuel consumption. | x | ||||
| Road Transport Operations Law | 2016 | the transport motor vehicle shall be subject to the standards and norms of the safety of motor vehicles, the exhaust emission and air pollution, and payload of the motor vehicles stipulated by the State; | x | ||||
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Review and revise the existing laws/acts/regulations with regard to vehicle inspection/registration and introduce an advanced vehicle inspection system. | x |
Vehicle restrictions (import, age, access, sale, taxation)
| Automotive Policy | 2019 | Step-by-step reduction and eradication of Used-car imports with designated time interval. Only left hand drive vehicles conforming to the Myanmar's Trafficlane System shall be imported and manufactured for the domestic use. | x | ||||
| Myanmar. National Communication (NC). NC 1. | 2012 | regulation of imports of second-hand motor vehicles Discouragetheimportandtheuseofoutdatedandfuel-inefficientmotorvehicles | x |
Vehicle roadworthiness laws and regulations
| Updated Nationally Determined Contributions - MMR | 2021 | Emissions testing of new private vehicles take place three years after registration, whereas commercial vehicles have to be tested annually. Similarly, Myanmar‟s Road Transport Administration Department would also like to develop projects with the private sector to improve and increase vehicle testing systems and work with CSOs on vehicle efficiency and standards to decrease fossil fuel consumption. | x |
Vehicle scrappage scheme
| Updated Nationally Determined Contributions - MMR | 2021 | Allied to this would be a slow phase-out of old, highly inefficient vehicles. Myanmar has already phased-out over 200,000 old, highly inefficient vehicles | x | ||||
| The Survey Program for the National Transport Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2014 | Regulate and limit the use of older vehicles for commercial purposes (old trucks) and public transport (old buses) and encourage replacement with new vehicles by providing preferential treatment | x |
Vehicle taxes
| Myanmar Sustainable Development Plan | 2018 | Implement measures to improve road user fees framework, including heavy vehicle license fees, fuel levies, and road tolls | x | ||||
| Myanmar. National Communication (NC). NC 1. | 2012 | Impose heavy taxes on the imported luxury cars and encourage car pools | x |
Disclaimer
The Asian Transport Observatory (ATO) project collects, collates, and organizes data from publicly available official, as well as reputable and peer-reviewed secondary sources, which may contain incomplete or inconsistent data. It is important to note that the ATO does not generate data. Changes in the methodologies used in the sources, and changes in the values due to such changes may not necessarily be highlighted in this specific document. Moreover, while the ATO carries out quality control and assurance of whether the data are truthfully reflected in the ATO, the ATO does not make any warranties or representations as to the appropriateness, quality, accuracy, or completeness of the data in the ATO databases, and in the knowledge products that are produced from such. Users are encouraged to scrutinize, verify, interpret, and judge the data before utilizing them. For the profiles, please note that we utilize the 3-letter codes from ISO due to the global nature of some of the figures. All insights are grounded in ATO national, urban, and policy databases. To ensure professional excellence, human-generated texts undergo AI-assisted refinement for grammar and clarity. Editorial judgment and content responsibility remain fully with the ATO, and AI is not used for autonomous content generation.